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PMC:6988269 / 1363-23186 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 344-350 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T2 549-556 Body_part denotes genomes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T3 689-695 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T4 2614-2618 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T5 2669-2673 Body_part denotes Cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T6 3385-3391 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T7 3403-3407 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46472
T8 3412-3418 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T9 3949-3952 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T10 4005-4008 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T11 4020-4023 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T12 4126-4130 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T13 4167-4170 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T14 4279-4282 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T15 4674-4679 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T16 5303-5307 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T17 5745-5749 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T18 5953-5957 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T19 6177-6181 Body_part denotes C; S http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995
T20 6827-6830 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T21 6936-6939 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T22 6984-6988 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T23 7076-7080 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T24 7112-7116 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T25 7215-7218 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T26 8312-8318 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T27 8753-8759 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T28 8772-8779 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T29 8780-8784 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T30 8798-8805 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T31 8806-8810 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T32 8828-8835 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T33 8836-8840 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T34 8873-8876 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T35 8887-8890 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T36 8902-8906 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T37 8917-8924 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T38 8925-8929 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T39 8959-8965 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T40 9615-9626 Body_part denotes nucleotides http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T41 9666-9676 Body_part denotes Nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T42 9955-9959 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T43 10041-10046 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T44 10135-10139 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T45 10296-10299 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T46 10397-10400 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T47 10691-10695 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T48 10705-10709 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T49 11047-11051 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T50 11057-11060 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T51 11106-11109 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T52 11160-11164 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T53 11391-11394 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T54 11452-11455 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T55 11534-11537 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T56 11544-11548 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T57 11588-11591 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T58 11601-11605 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T59 11644-11647 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T60 11654-11658 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T61 11721-11724 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T62 11743-11747 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T63 11809-11812 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T64 11829-11833 Body_part denotes axis http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520
T65 11846-11849 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T66 11877-11881 Body_part denotes axis http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520
T67 12039-12043 Body_part denotes axis http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520
T68 12301-12304 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T69 12512-12515 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T70 12848-12852 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T71 13055-13067 Body_part denotes RNA molecule http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84126
T72 13055-13058 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T73 13197-13200 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T74 13316-13319 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T75 13712-13715 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T76 13748-13751 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T77 14098-14102 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T78 14933-14937 Body_part denotes Cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T79 15202-15205 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T80 15305-15308 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T81 15413-15417 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T82 15527-15533 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T83 15707-15711 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T84 15791-15795 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T85 16684-16690 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T86 16702-16705 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T87 16816-16819 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T88 16961-16967 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T89 16979-16982 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T90 17045-17048 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T91 17186-17192 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T92 17204-17207 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T93 17396-17400 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T94 19236-19242 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T95 19606-19612 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T96 20215-20218 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T97 20369-20372 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T98 20454-20457 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T99 20653-20657 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 3385-3391 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T2 3403-3407 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000004
T3 3412-3418 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T4 4674-4679 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T5 15527-15533 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T6 16684-16690 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T7 16961-16967 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T8 17186-17192 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T4 117-126 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T5 660-669 Disease denotes Influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T6 791-824 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 826-830 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 903-907 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 1551-1572 Disease denotes respiratory infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T10 1563-1572 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T11 2502-2510 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T12 2502-2506 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T13 3503-3507 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 5461-5465 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 5602-5610 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 5602-5606 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T17 5619-5623 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T18 6834-6842 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T19 6834-6838 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 7206-7214 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T21 7206-7210 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 7664-7668 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T23 7704-7708 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T24 7803-7807 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T25 8565-8573 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T26 8565-8569 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 8609-8613 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T28 8705-8709 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T29 8989-8997 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T30 8989-8993 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T31 9083-9087 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T32 9222-9230 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T33 9222-9226 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T34 9381-9385 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T35 9503-9507 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T36 9851-9855 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 9991-9999 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T38 9991-9995 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T39 11366-11370 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T40 11571-11579 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T41 11571-11575 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T42 11627-11635 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T43 11627-11631 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T44 13128-13132 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T45 13188-13196 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T46 13188-13192 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T47 13416-13424 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T48 13416-13420 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T49 13739-13747 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T50 13739-13743 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T51 13774-13778 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T52 13945-13964 Disease denotes zoonotic infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T53 14062-14066 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T54 14326-14330 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T55 15973-15990 Disease denotes Influenza A(H1N1) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T56 16003-16012 Disease denotes Influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T57 16028-16037 Disease denotes Influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T58 16059-16068 Disease denotes Influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T59 16083-16092 Disease denotes Influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T60 16107-16116 Disease denotes Influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T61 16413-16423 Disease denotes Legionella http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005824
T62 17470-17489 Disease denotes respiratory disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087
T63 19375-19379 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T64 19503-19511 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T65 19503-19507 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T66 20360-20368 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 20360-20364 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T68 21090-21100 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T11 43-55 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T12 204-205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T13 336-337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T14 726-727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 728-733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T16 768-769 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T17 845-846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 911-917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T19 952-953 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 970-977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T21 1009-1013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T22 1082-1087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T23 1287-1292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T24 1296-1301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T25 1407-1412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T26 1416-1421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T27 1619-1626 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T28 1901-1905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001442 denotes 6-12
T29 1936-1941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T30 2088-2093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T31 2270-2271 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 2376-2381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T33 2614-2618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T34 2669-2673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T35 2748-2755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T36 2935-2941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T37 3192-3194 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161 denotes en
T38 3403-3407 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000828 denotes nose
T39 3491-3494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T40 3575-3581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T41 3631-3634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001807 denotes BGR
T42 3689-3692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001807 denotes BGR
T43 3744-3746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T44 3747-3750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001807 denotes BGR
T45 3806-3809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001807 denotes BGR
T46 3865-3868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001807 denotes BGR
T47 3925-3928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001807 denotes BGR
T48 4126-4130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T49 4244-4245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T50 4591-4592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 4850-4856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001929 denotes Berlin
T52 4982-4984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T53 5119-5130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instruments
T54 5303-5307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T55 5382-5384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008307 denotes P2
T56 5507-5509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 denotes P1
T57 5521-5523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 denotes P1
T58 5561-5564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 denotes Pan
T59 5615-5618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T60 5674-5676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008307 denotes P2
T61 5745-5749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T62 5953-5957 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T63 6148-6149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T64 6155-6156 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T65 6167-6168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T66 6175-6176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T67 6243-6244 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T68 6354-6358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001550 denotes a 10
T69 6423-6424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T70 6588-6593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T71 6737-6743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T72 6945-6946 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 6984-6988 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T74 7054-7061 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T75 7076-7080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T76 7112-7116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T77 7563-7568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T78 7662-7663 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T79 7674-7679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T80 7702-7703 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81 7816-7821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T82 8041-8042 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T83 8167-8169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T84 8594-8597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T85 8780-8784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T86 8789-8797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T87 8806-8810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T88 8836-8840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T89 8902-8906 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T90 8925-8929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T91 9272-9273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92 9348-9349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 9366-9369 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T94 9370-9375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T95 9406-9409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T96 9516-9519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T97 9886-9887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98 9955-9959 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T99 10036-10040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T100 10036-10040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T101 10041-10046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T102 10112-10113 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T103 10135-10139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T104 10365-10366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T105 10500-10507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T106 10616-10617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T107 10691-10695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T108 10705-10709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T109 10959-10964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T110 11047-11051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T111 11160-11164 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T112 11306-11308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T113 11306-11308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T114 11539-11543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051456 denotes A: E
T115 11544-11548 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T116 11593-11594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T117 11601-11605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T118 11654-11658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T119 11743-11747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T120 12004-12011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T121 12158-12166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000033 denotes headings
T122 12158-12166 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000964 denotes headings
T123 12186-12187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T124 12804-12809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T125 12848-12852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T126 13216-13217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T127 13382-13383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T128 13644-13649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T129 13681-13683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008307 denotes P2
T130 13806-13810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T131 13849-13850 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 14047-14050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T133 14075-14082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T134 14098-14102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T135 14112-14116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T136 14121-14124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T137 14211-14216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T138 14268-14272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T139 14373-14380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T140 14521-14528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T141 14537-14543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T142 14568-14575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T143 14700-14707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T144 14725-14731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T145 14873-14879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T146 14933-14937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T147 14982-14987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T148 15063-15069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T149 15165-15170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T150 15171-15177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 denotes airway
T151 15413-15417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T152 15444-15450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T153 15521-15526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T154 15555-15561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T155 15562-15569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T156 15573-15578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T157 15635-15640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Tests
T158 15662-15669 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T159 15674-15682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T160 15707-15711 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T161 15791-15795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T162 15841-15848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T163 15869-15874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T164 15950-15952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T165 15983-15984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T166 16013-16014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T167 16038-16039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T168 16051-16053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T169 16069-16070 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T170 16078-16082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 1
T171 16093-16094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T172 16117-16118 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T173 16143-16148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001006 denotes 31 1
T174 16202-16207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T175 16209-16210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T176 16211-16212 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T177 16238-16243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T178 16268-16273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T179 16275-16277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T180 16298-16303 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T181 16328-16333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T182 16335-16337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T183 16342-16347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T184 16390-16395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T185 16492-16493 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T186 16520-16527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T187 16542-16547 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T188 16626-16627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T189 16661-16666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T190 16676-16683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T191 16772-16777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T192 16778-16784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 denotes airway
T193 16785-16795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 denotes epithelial
T194 16938-16943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T195 16953-16960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T196 17163-17168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T197 17178-17185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T198 17329-17335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T199 17367-17374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T200 17396-17400 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T201 17412-17418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T202 17419-17420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T203 18129-18134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T204 18234-18241 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T205 18297-18301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T206 18411-18418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T207 18459-18464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T208 18479-18484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T209 18583-18588 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T210 18592-18593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T211 18627-18631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T212 18914-18919 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T213 19025-19026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T214 19076-19081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T215 19388-19395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T216 19399-19405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T217 19481-19486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T218 19709-19710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T219 19834-19839 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T220 20183-20188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T221 20229-20232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T222 20296-20301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T223 20355-20357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T224 20595-20600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T225 20653-20657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T226 20738-20745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T227 20994-21001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T228 21019-21020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T229 21214-21226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organisation
T230 21312-21315 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T231 21657-21659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T232 21660-21662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T3 2546-2558 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T4 2554-2558 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T5 3192-3194 Chemical denotes en http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30347
T6 3296-3299 Chemical denotes PHE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28044
T7 4308-4314 Chemical denotes buffer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225
T8 4504-4522 Chemical denotes magnesium sulphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32599
T9 4504-4513 Chemical denotes magnesium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25107
T10 4514-4522 Chemical denotes sulphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T11 4559-4566 Chemical denotes mixture http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004
T12 4599-4617 Chemical denotes magnesium sulphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32599
T13 4599-4608 Chemical denotes magnesium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25107
T14 4609-4617 Chemical denotes sulphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T15 4618-4626 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T16 4708-4713 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T17 4787-4803 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T18 5072-5077 Chemical denotes Light http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212
T19 5255-5270 Chemical denotes Oligonucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T20 5382-5384 Chemical denotes P2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33472
T21 5507-5509 Chemical denotes P1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60949
T22 5521-5523 Chemical denotes P1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60949
T23 5674-5676 Chemical denotes P2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33472
T24 6195-6215 Chemical denotes 6-carboxyfluorescein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39073
T25 6375-6383 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T26 6504-6515 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T27 6642-6657 Chemical denotes oligonucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T28 7356-7361 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T29 8772-8779 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T30 8798-8805 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T31 8828-8835 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T32 8917-8924 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T33 9050-9065 Chemical denotes oligonucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T34 9410-9412 Chemical denotes SL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74815
T35 9615-9626 Chemical denotes nucleotides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T36 9666-9676 Chemical denotes Nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T37 9719-9735 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T38 10248-10261 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T39 10256-10261 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T40 10937-10945 Chemical denotes reagents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893
T41 11306-11308 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T42 12423-12438 Chemical denotes oligonucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T43 13059-13067 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T44 13396-13401 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T45 13457-13462 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T46 13664-13669 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T47 13681-13683 Chemical denotes P2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33472
T48 14634-14650 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T49 14759-14764 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T50 14778-14790 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T51 14786-14790 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T52 14811-14827 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T53 16056-16058 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T54 16177-16179 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T55 16219-16221 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T56 16249-16251 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T57 16279-16281 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T58 16309-16311 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T59 16339-16341 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T60 16369-16371 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T61 16410-16412 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T62 16433-16435 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T63 16456-16458 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T64 16489-16491 Chemical denotes NA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T65 17965-17968 Chemical denotes PHE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28044
T66 19134-19146 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T67 19142-19146 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T68 19262-19268 Chemical denotes formal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48341
T69 19947-19955 Chemical denotes reagents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893
T70 19957-19973 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7754
T71 20310-20318 Chemical denotes reagents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1644-1654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretions
T2 3441-3456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046794 denotes viral transport
T3 3447-3456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T4 4218-4239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 denotes reverse-transcription
T5 4226-4239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T6 4541-4554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T7 4541-4554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T8 4922-4943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 denotes reverse transcription
T9 4930-4943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T10 5298-5302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes RdRP
T11 11096-11100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes RdRP
T12 13716-13726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcript

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T15 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T16 13-203 Sentence denotes According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the WHO China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, on 31 December 2019 [1].
T17 204-335 Sentence denotes A novel coronavirus currently termed 2019-nCoV was officially announced as the causative agent by Chinese authorities on 7 January.
T18 336-684 Sentence denotes A viral genome sequence was released for immediate public health support via the community online resource virological.org on 10 January (Wuhan-Hu-1, GenBank accession number MN908947 [2]), followed by four other genomes deposited on 12 January in the viral sequence database curated by the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID).
T19 685-924 Sentence denotes The genome sequences suggest presence of a virus closely related to the members of a viral species termed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related CoV, a species defined by the agent of the 2002/03 outbreak of SARS in humans [3,4].
T20 925-1033 Sentence denotes The species also comprises a large number of viruses mostly detected in rhinolophid bats in Asia and Europe.
T21 1034-1124 Sentence denotes As at 20 January 2019, 282 laboratory-confirmed human cases have been notified to WHO [5].
T22 1125-1272 Sentence denotes Confirmed cases in travellers from Wuhan were announced on 13 and 17 January in Thailand as well as on 15 January in Japan and 19 January in Korea.
T23 1273-1435 Sentence denotes The extent of human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV is unclear at the time of writing of this report but there is evidence of some human-to-human transmission.
T24 1436-1541 Sentence denotes Among the foremost priorities to facilitate public health interventions is reliable laboratory diagnosis.
T25 1542-1655 Sentence denotes In acute respiratory infection, RT-PCR is routinely used to detect causative viruses from respiratory secretions.
T26 1656-1907 Sentence denotes We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of introducing robust detection technology based on real-time RT-PCR in public health laboratories during international health emergencies by coordination between public and academic laboratories [6-12].
T27 1908-2053 Sentence denotes In all of these situations, virus isolates were available as the primary substrate for establishing and controlling assays and assay performance.
T28 2054-2215 Sentence denotes In the present case of 2019-nCoV, virus isolates or samples from infected patients have so far not become available to the international public health community.
T29 2216-2421 Sentence denotes We report here on the establishment and validation of a diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV screening and specific confirmation, designed in absence of available virus isolates or original patient specimens.
T30 2422-2570 Sentence denotes Design and validation were enabled by the close genetic relatedness to the 2003 SARS-CoV, and aided by the use of synthetic nucleic acid technology.
T31 2572-2579 Sentence denotes Methods
T32 2581-2668 Sentence denotes Clinical samples and coronavirus cell culture supernatants for initial assay evaluation
T33 2669-2831 Sentence denotes Cell culture supernatants containing typed coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses were provided by Charité and University of Hong Kong research laboratories.
T34 2832-3101 Sentence denotes Respiratory samples were obtained during 2019 from patients hospitalised at Charité medical centre and tested by the NxTAG respiratory pathogen panel (Luminex, S´Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands) or in cases of MERS-CoV by the MERS-CoV upE assay as published before [10].
T35 3102-3345 Sentence denotes Additional samples were selected from biobanks at the Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), Bilthoven, at Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, at Public Health England (PHE), London, and at the University of Hong Kong.
T36 3346-3464 Sentence denotes Samples from all collections comprised sputum as well as nose and throat swabs with or without viral transport medium.
T37 3465-3934 Sentence denotes Faecal samples containing bat-derived SARS-related CoV samples (identified by GenBank accession numbers) were tested: KC633203, Betacoronavirus BtCoV/Rhi_eur/BB98–98/BGR/2008; KC633204, Betacoronavirus BtCoV/Rhi_eur/BB98–92/BGR/2008; KC633201, Betacoronavirus BtCoV/Rhi_bla/BB98–22/BGR/2008; GU190221 Betacoronavirus Bat coronavirus BR98–19/BGR/2008; GU190222 Betacoronavirus Bat coronavirus BM98–01/BGR/2008; GU190223, Betacoronavirus Bat coronavirus BM98–13/BGR/2008.
T38 3935-4003 Sentence denotes All synthetic RNA used in this study was photometrically quantified.
T39 4005-4019 Sentence denotes RNA extraction
T40 4020-4206 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted from clinical samples with the MagNA Pure 96 system (Roche, Penzberg, Germany) and from cell culture supernatants with the viral RNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany).
T41 4208-4243 Sentence denotes Real-time reverse-transcription PCR
T42 4244-4696 Sentence denotes A 25 μL reaction contained 5 μL of RNA, 12.5 μL of 2 × reaction buffer provided with the Superscript III one step RT-PCR system with Platinum Taq Polymerase (Invitrogen, Darmstadt, Germany; containing 0.4 mM of each deoxyribont triphosphates (dNTP) and 3.2 mM magnesium sulphate), 1 μL of reverse transcriptase/Taq mixture from the kit, 0.4 μL of a 50 mM magnesium sulphate solution (Invitrogen), and 1 μg of nonacetylated bovine serum albumin (Roche).
T43 4697-4782 Sentence denotes Primer and probe sequences, as well as optimised concentrations are shown in Table 1.
T44 4783-4867 Sentence denotes All oligonucleotides were synthesised and provided by Tib-Molbiol (Berlin, Germany).
T45 4868-5026 Sentence denotes Thermal cycling was performed at 55 °C for 10 min for reverse transcription, followed by 95 °C for 3 min and then 45 cycles of 95 °C for 15 s, 58 °C for 30 s.
T46 5027-5170 Sentence denotes Participating laboratories used either Roche Light Cycler 480II or Applied Biosystems ViiA7 instruments (Applied Biosystems, Hong Kong, China).
T47 5171-5243 Sentence denotes Table 1 Primers and probes, real-time RT-PCR for 2019 novel coronavirus
T48 5244-5297 Sentence denotes Assay/use Oligonucleotide Sequencea Concentrationb
T49 5298-5370 Sentence denotes RdRP gene RdRp_SARSr-F GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG Use 600 nM per reaction
T50 5371-5509 Sentence denotes RdRp_SARSr-P2 FAM-CAGGTGGAACCTCATCAGGAGATGC-BBQ Specific for 2019-nCoV, will not detect SARS-CoV.Use 100 nM per reaction and mix with P1
T51 5510-5676 Sentence denotes RdRP_SARSr-P1 FAM-CCAGGTGGWACRTCATCMGGTGATGC-BBQ Pan Sarbeco-Probe will detect 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV and bat-SARS-related CoVs.Use 100 nM per reaction and mix with P2
T52 5677-5742 Sentence denotes RdRp_SARSr-R CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA Use 800 nM per reaction
T53 5743-5815 Sentence denotes E gene E_Sarbeco_F ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT Use 400 nm per reaction
T54 5816-5889 Sentence denotes E_Sarbeco_P1 FAM-ACACTAGCCATCCTTACTGCGCTTCG-BBQ Use 200 nm per reaction
T55 5890-5950 Sentence denotes E_Sarbeco_R ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA Use 400 nm per reaction
T56 5951-6016 Sentence denotes N gene N_Sarbeco_F CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC Use 600 nm per reaction
T57 6017-6088 Sentence denotes N_Sarbeco_P FAM-ACTTCCTCAAGGAACAACATTGCCA-BBQ Use 200 nm per reaction
T58 6089-6147 Sentence denotes N_Sarbeco_R GAGGAACGAGAAGAGGCTTG Use 800 nm per reaction
T59 6148-6189 Sentence denotes a W is A/T; R is G/A; M is A/C; S is G/C.
T60 6190-6194 Sentence denotes FAM:
T61 6195-6242 Sentence denotes 6-carboxyfluorescein; BBQ: blackberry quencher.
T62 6243-6481 Sentence denotes b Optimised concentrations are given in nanomol per litre (nM) based on the final reaction mix, e.g. 1.5 µL of a 10 µM primer stock solution per 25 µL total reaction volume yields a final concentration of 600 nM as indicated in the table.
T63 6483-6521 Sentence denotes Protocol options and application notes
T64 6522-6696 Sentence denotes Laboratories participating in the evaluation used the TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (Thermo Fisher) with the same oligonucleotide concentrations and cycling conditions.
T65 6697-6771 Sentence denotes The QIAGEN One-Step RT-PCR Kit was also tested and found to be compatible.
T66 6772-6940 Sentence denotes The intended cross-reactivity of all assays with viral RNA of SARS-CoV allows us to use the assays without having to rely on external sources of specific 2019-nCoV RNA.
T67 6941-7087 Sentence denotes For a routine workflow, we recommend the E gene assay as the first-line screening tool, followed by confirmatory testing with the RdRp gene assay.
T68 7088-7261 Sentence denotes Application of the RdRp gene assay with dual colour technology can discriminate 2019-nCoV (both probes positive) from SARS-CoV RNA if the latter is used as positive control.
T69 7262-7362 Sentence denotes Alternatively, laboratories may choose to run the RdRp assay with only the 2019-nCoV-specific probe.
T70 7364-7381 Sentence denotes Ethical statement
T71 7382-7528 Sentence denotes The internal use of samples for diagnostic workflow optimisation was agreed under the medical ethical rules of each of the participating partners.
T72 7530-7537 Sentence denotes Results
T73 7538-7680 Sentence denotes Before public release of virus sequences from cases of 2019-nCoV, we relied on social media reports announcing detection of a SARS-like virus.
T74 7681-7749 Sentence denotes We thus assumed that a SARS-related CoV is involved in the outbreak.
T75 7750-7871 Sentence denotes We downloaded all complete and partial (if > 400 nt) SARS-related virus sequences available in GenBank by 1 January 2020.
T76 7872-8071 Sentence denotes The list (n = 729 entries) was manually checked and artificial sequences (laboratory-derived, synthetic, etc), as well as sequence duplicates were removed, resulting in a final list of 375 sequences.
T77 8072-8171 Sentence denotes These sequences were aligned and the alignment was used for assay design (Supplementary Figure S1).
T78 8172-8330 Sentence denotes Upon release of the first 2019-nCoV sequence at virological.org, three assays were selected based on how well they matched to the 2019-nCoV genome (Figure 1).
T79 8331-8511 Sentence denotes The alignment was complemented by additional sequences released independently on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org), confirming the good matching of selected primers to all sequences.
T80 8512-8648 Sentence denotes Alignments of primer binding domains with 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV as well as selected bat-associated SARS-related CoV are shown in Figure 2.
T81 8649-8759 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Relative positions of amplicon targets on the SARS coronavirus and the 2019 novel coronavirus genome
T82 8760-8930 Sentence denotes E: envelope protein gene; M: membrane protein gene; N: nucleocapsid protein gene; ORF: open reading frame; RdRp: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene; S: spike protein gene.
T83 8931-9017 Sentence denotes Numbers below amplicons are genome positions according to SARS-CoV, GenBank NC_004718.
T84 9018-9117 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Partial alignments of oligonucleotide binding regions, SARS-related coronaviruses (n = 9)
T85 9118-9319 Sentence denotes The panels show six available sequences of 2019-nCoV, aligned to the corresponding partial sequences of SARS-CoV strain Frankfurt 1, which can be used as a positive control for all three RT-PCR assays.
T86 9320-9589 Sentence denotes The alignment also contains a closely related bat virus (Bat SARS-related CoV isolate bat-SL-CoVZC45, GenBank accession number MG772933) as well as the most distant member within the SARS-related bat CoV clade, detected in Bulgaria (GenBank accession number NC_014470).
T87 9590-9665 Sentence denotes Dots represent identical nucleotides compared with the WH_Human_1 sequence.
T88 9666-9705 Sentence denotes Nucleotide substitutions are specified.
T89 9706-9760 Sentence denotes Blue arrows: oligonucleotides as specified in Table 1.
T90 9761-9822 Sentence denotes More comprehensive alignments can be found in the Supplement.
T91 9824-9875 Sentence denotes Assay sensitivity based on SARS coronavirus virions
T92 9876-10047 Sentence denotes To obtain a preliminary assessment of analytical sensitivity, we used purified cell culture supernatant containing SARS-CoV strain Frankfurt-1 virions grown on Vero cells.
T93 10048-10160 Sentence denotes The supernatant was ultrafiltered and thereby concentrated from a ca 20-fold volume of cell culture supernatant.
T94 10161-10300 Sentence denotes The concentration step simultaneously reduces the relative concentration of background nucleic acids such as not virion-packaged viral RNA.
T95 10301-10460 Sentence denotes The virion preparation was quantified by real-time RT-PCR using a specific in vitro-transcribed RNA quantification standard as described in Drosten et al. [8].
T96 10461-10619 Sentence denotes All assays were subjected to replicate testing in order to determine stochastic detection frequencies at each assay’s sensitivity end point (Figure 3A and B).
T97 10620-10794 Sentence denotes All assays were highly sensitive, with best results obtained for the E gene and RdRp gene assays (5.2 and 3.8 copies per reaction at 95% detection probability, respectively).
T98 10795-10847 Sentence denotes These two assays were chosen for further evaluation.
T99 10848-11052 Sentence denotes One of the laboratories participating in the external evaluation used other basic RT-PCR reagents (TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix) and repeated the sensitivity study, with equivalent results (E gene:
T100 11053-11085 Sentence denotes 3.2 RNA copies/reaction (95% CI:
T101 11086-11101 Sentence denotes 2.2–6.8); RdRP:
T102 11102-11134 Sentence denotes 3.7 RNA copies/reaction (95% CI:
T103 11135-11144 Sentence denotes 2.8–8.0).
T104 11145-11309 Sentence denotes Of note, the N gene assay also performed well but was not subjected to intensive further validation because it was slightly less sensitive (Supplementary Figure S2)
T105 11310-11455 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Determination of limits of detection based on SARS coronavirus genomic RNA and 2019 novel coronavirus-specific in vitro transcribed RNA
T106 11456-11538 Sentence denotes CI: confidence intervals; c/r: copies per reaction; IVT: in vitro-transcribed RNA.
T107 11539-11541 Sentence denotes A:
T108 11542-11592 Sentence denotes E gene assay, evaluated with SARS-CoV genomic RNA.
T109 11593-11595 Sentence denotes B:
T110 11596-11648 Sentence denotes RdRp gene assay evaluated with SARS-CoV genomic RNA.
T111 11649-11734 Sentence denotes C: E-gene assay, evaluated with 2019-nCoV-specific in vitro-transcribed RNA standard.
T112 11735-11737 Sentence denotes D:
T113 11738-11822 Sentence denotes RdRp gene assay evaluated with 2019-nCoV-specific in vitro-transcribed RNA standard.
T114 11823-11870 Sentence denotes The x-axis shows input RNA copies per reaction.
T115 11871-12103 Sentence denotes The y-axis shows positive results in all parallel reactions performed, squares are experimental data points resulting from replicate testing of given concentrations (x-axis) in parallels assays (eight replicate reactions per point).
T116 12104-12167 Sentence denotes Technical limits of detection are given in the panels headings.
T117 12168-12222 Sentence denotes The inner line is a probit curve (dose-response rule).
T118 12223-12257 Sentence denotes The outer dotted lines are 95% CI.
T119 12259-12357 Sentence denotes Sensitivity based on in vitro-transcribed RNA identical to 2019 novel coronavirus target sequences
T120 12358-12643 Sentence denotes Although both assays detected 2019-nCoV without polymorphisms at oligonucleotide binding sites (Figure 2), we additionally generated in vitro-transcribed RNA standards that exactly matched the sequence of 2019-nCoV for absolute quantification and studying the limit of detection (LOD).
T121 12644-12770 Sentence denotes Replicate reactions were done at concentrations around the detection end point determined in preliminary dilution experiments.
T122 12771-12924 Sentence denotes The resulting LOD from replicate tests was 3.9 copies per reaction for the E gene assay and 3.6 copies per reaction for the RdRp assay (Figure 3C and D).
T123 12925-13080 Sentence denotes These figures were close to the 95% hit rate of 2.9 copies per reaction, according to the Poisson distribution, expected when one RNA molecule is detected.
T124 13082-13158 Sentence denotes Discrimination of 2019 novel coronavirus from SARS coronavirus by RdRp assay
T125 13159-13495 Sentence denotes Following the rationale that SARS-CoV RNA can be used as a positive control for the entire laboratory procedure, thus obviating the need to handle 2019-nCoV RNA, we formulated the RdRp assay so that it contains two probes: a broad-range probe reacting with SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV and an additional probe that reacts only with 2019-nCoV.
T126 13496-13650 Sentence denotes By limiting dilution experiments, we confirmed that both probes, whether used individually or in combination, provided the same LOD for each target virus.
T127 13651-13752 Sentence denotes The specific probe RdRP_SARSr-P2 detected only the 2019-nCoV RNA transcript but not the SARS-CoV RNA.
T128 13754-13810 Sentence denotes Detection range for SARS-related coronaviruses from bats
T129 13811-14005 Sentence denotes At present, the potential exposure to a common environmental source in early reported cases implicates the possibility of independent zoonotic infections with increased sequence variability [5].
T130 14006-14204 Sentence denotes To show that the assays can detect other bat-associated SARS-related viruses, we used the E gene assay to test six bat-derived faecal samples available from Drexler et al. [13] und Muth et al. [14].
T131 14205-14273 Sentence denotes These virus-positive samples stemmed from European rhinolophid bats.
T132 14274-14407 Sentence denotes Detection of these phylogenetic outliers within the SARS-related CoV clade suggests that all Asian viruses are likely to be detected.
T133 14408-14554 Sentence denotes This would, theoretically, ensure broad sensitivity even in case of multiple independent acquisitions of variant viruses from an animal reservoir.
T134 14556-14575 Sentence denotes Specificity testing
T135 14577-14595 Sentence denotes Chemical stability
T136 14596-14828 Sentence denotes To exclude non-specific reactivity of oligonucleotides among each other, causing artificial fluorescent signals, all assays were tested 120 times in parallel with water and no other nucleic acid except the provided oligonucleotides.
T137 14829-14889 Sentence denotes In none of these reactions was any positive signal detected.
T138 14891-14932 Sentence denotes Cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses
T139 14933-15113 Sentence denotes Cell culture supernatants containing all endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV)‑229E, ‑NL63, ‑OC43 and ‑HKU1 as well as MERS-CoV were tested in duplicate in all three assays (Table 2).
T140 15114-15195 Sentence denotes For the non-cultivable HCoV-HKU1, supernatant from human airway culture was used.
T141 15196-15370 Sentence denotes Viral RNA concentration in all samples was determined by specific real-time RT-PCRs and in vitro-transcribed RNA standards designed for absolute quantification of viral load.
T142 15371-15476 Sentence denotes Additional undiluted (but not quantified) cell culture supernatants were tested as summarised in Table 2.
T143 15477-15542 Sentence denotes These were additionally mixed into negative human sputum samples.
T144 15543-15625 Sentence denotes None of the tested viruses or virus preparations showed reactivity with any assay.
T145 15626-15812 Sentence denotes Table 2 Tests of known respiratory viruses and bacteria in clinical samples and cell culture preparations for cross-reactivity in 2019 novel coronavirus E and RdRp gene assays (n = 310)
T146 15813-15884 Sentence denotes Clinical samples with known viruses Clinical samplesa Virus isolatesb
T147 15885-15902 Sentence denotes HCoV-HKU1 14 1c
T148 15903-15920 Sentence denotes HCoV-OC43 16 2d
T149 15921-15938 Sentence denotes HCoV-NL63 14 1e
T150 15939-15956 Sentence denotes HCoV-229E 18 2f
T151 15957-15972 Sentence denotes MERS-CoV 5 1g
T152 15973-16002 Sentence denotes Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 17 1
T153 16003-16027 Sentence denotes Influenza A(H3N2) 16 1
T154 16028-16058 Sentence denotes Influenza A (untyped) 11 NA
T155 16059-16082 Sentence denotes Influenza A(H5N1) 1 1
T156 16083-16106 Sentence denotes Influenza A(H7N9) 0 1
T157 16107-16148 Sentence denotes Influenza B (Victoria or Yamagata) 31 1
T158 16149-16179 Sentence denotes Rhinovirus/enterovirus 31 NA
T159 16180-16221 Sentence denotes Respiratory syncytial virus (A/B) 33 NA
T160 16222-16251 Sentence denotes Parainfluenza 1 virus 12 NA
T161 16252-16281 Sentence denotes Parainfluenza 2 virus 11 NA
T162 16282-16311 Sentence denotes Parainfluenza 3 virus 14 NA
T163 16312-16341 Sentence denotes Parainfluenza 4 virus 11 NA
T164 16342-16371 Sentence denotes Human metapneumovirus 16 NA
T165 16372-16389 Sentence denotes Adenovirus 13 1
T166 16390-16412 Sentence denotes Human bocavirus 6 NA
T167 16413-16428 Sentence denotes Legionella spp.
T168 16430-16435 Sentence denotes 3 NA
T169 16436-16451 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma spp.
T170 16453-16458 Sentence denotes 4 NA
T171 16459-16491 Sentence denotes Total clinical samples 297 NA
T172 16492-16625 Sentence denotes a For samples with multiple viruses detected, the virus with highest concentration is listed, as indicated by real-time PCR Ct value.
T173 16626-16691 Sentence denotes b Directly quantified or spiked in human negative-testing sputum.
T174 16692-16757 Sentence denotes c 1 × 105 RNA copies/mL, determined by specific real-time RT-PCR.
T175 16758-16804 Sentence denotes Isolated from human airway epithelial culture.
T176 16805-16886 Sentence denotes d 1 × 1010 RNA copies/mL, determined by specific real-time RT-PCR of one isolate.
T177 16887-16968 Sentence denotes The other isolate was not quantified but spiked in human negative-testing sputum.
T178 16969-17034 Sentence denotes e 4 × 109 RNA copies/mL, determined by specific real-time RT-PCR.
T179 17035-17115 Sentence denotes f 3 × 109 RNA copies/mL, determined by specific real-time RT-PCR of one isolate.
T180 17116-17193 Sentence denotes The other isolate was not quantified spiked in human negative-testing sputum.
T181 17194-17259 Sentence denotes g 1 × 108 RNA copies/mL, determined by specific real-time RT-PCR.
T182 17261-17374 Sentence denotes Exclusivity of 2019 novel coronavirus based on clinical samples pre-tested positive for other respiratory viruses
T183 17375-17636 Sentence denotes Using the E and RdRp gene assays, we tested a total of 297 clinical samples from patients with respiratory disease from the biobanks of five laboratories that provide diagnostic services (one in Germany, two in the Netherlands, one in Hong Kong, one in the UK).
T184 17637-17851 Sentence denotes We selected 198 samples from three university medical centres where patients from general and intensive care wards as well as mainly paediatric outpatient departments are seen (Germany, the Netherlands, Hong Kong).
T185 17852-18018 Sentence denotes The remaining samples were contributed by national public health services performing surveillance studies (RIVM, PHE), with samples mainly submitted by practitioners.
T186 18019-18218 Sentence denotes The samples contained the broadest range of respiratory agents possible and reflected the general spectrum of virus concentrations encountered in diagnostic laboratories in these countries (Table 2).
T187 18219-18277 Sentence denotes In total, this testing yielded no false positive outcomes.
T188 18278-18404 Sentence denotes In four individual test reactions, weak initial reactivity was seen but they were negative upon retesting with the same assay.
T189 18405-18641 Sentence denotes These signals were not associated with any particular virus, and for each virus with which initial positive reactivity occurred, there were other samples that contained the same virus at a higher concentration but did not test positive.
T190 18642-18962 Sentence denotes Given the results from the extensive technical qualification described above, it was concluded that this initial reactivity was not due to chemical instability of real-time PCR probes but most probably to handling issues caused by the rapid introduction of new diagnostic tests and controls during this evaluation study.
T191 18964-18974 Sentence denotes Discussion
T192 18975-19147 Sentence denotes The present report describes the establishment of a diagnostic workflow for detection of an emerging virus in the absence of physical sources of viral genomic nucleic acid.
T193 19148-19417 Sentence denotes Effective assay design was enabled by the willingness of scientists from China to share genome information before formal publication, as well as the availability of broad sequence knowledge from ca 15 years of investigation of SARS-related viruses in animal reservoirs.
T194 19418-19633 Sentence denotes The relative ease with which assays could be designed for this virus, in contrast to SARS-CoV in 2003, proves the huge collective value of descriptive studies of disease ecology and viral genome diversity [8,15-17].
T195 19634-19693 Sentence denotes Real-time RT-PCR is widely deployed in diagnostic virology.
T196 19694-19916 Sentence denotes In the case of a public health emergency, proficient diagnostic laboratories can rely on this robust technology to establish new diagnostic tests within their routine services before pre-formulated assays become available.
T197 19917-20189 Sentence denotes In addition to information on reagents, oligonucleotides and positive controls, laboratories working under quality control programmes need to rely on documentation of technical qualification of the assay formulation as well as data from external clinical evaluation tests.
T198 20190-20359 Sentence denotes The provision of control RNA templates has been effectively implemented by the EVAg project that provides virus-related reagents from academic research collections [18].
T199 20360-20614 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV RNA was retrievable from EVAg before the present outbreak; specific products such as RNA transcripts for the here-described assays were first retrievable from the EVAg online catalogue on 14 January 2020 (https://www.european-virus-archive.com).
T200 20615-20871 Sentence denotes Technical qualification data based on cell culture materials and synthetic constructs, as well as results from exclusivity testing on 75 clinical samples, were included in the first version of the diagnostic protocol provided to the WHO on 13 January 2020.
T201 20872-21101 Sentence denotes Based on efficient collaboration in an informal network of laboratories, these data were augmented within 1 week comprise testing results based on a wide range of respiratory pathogens in clinical samples from natural infections.
T202 21102-21322 Sentence denotes Comparable evaluation studies during regulatory qualification of in vitro diagnostic assays can take months for organisation, legal implementation and logistics and typically come after the peak of an outbreak has waned.
T203 21323-21664 Sentence denotes The speed and effectiveness of the present deployment and evaluation effort were enabled by national and European research networks established in response to international health crises in recent years, demonstrating the enormous response capacity that can be released through coordinated action of academic and public laboratories [18-22].
T204 21665-21823 Sentence denotes This laboratory capacity not only supports immediate public health interventions but enables sites to enrol patients during rapid clinical research responses.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 117-126 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 1551-1572 Phenotype denotes respiratory infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947
T3 10636-10652 Phenotype denotes highly sensitive http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31992387-14681510-29325737 921-922 14681510 denotes 4
31992387-12736651-29325738 1901-1902 12736651 denotes 6
31992387-23231891-29325738 1901-1902 23231891 denotes 6
31992387-12690091-29325738 1901-1902 12690091 denotes 6
31992387-23611031-29325738 1901-1902 23611031 denotes 6
31992387-23041020-29325738 1901-1902 23041020 denotes 6
31992387-19239767-29325738 1901-1902 19239767 denotes 6
31992387-27994281-29325738 1901-1902 27994281 denotes 6
31992387-23041020-29325739 3097-3099 23041020 denotes 10
31992387-12690091-29325740 10457-10458 12690091 denotes 8
31992387-20686038-29325741 14179-14181 20686038 denotes 13
31992387-30310104-29325742 14200-14202 30310104 denotes 14
31992387-12690091-29325743 19624-19625 12690091 denotes 8
31992387-29551135-29325744 19626-19628 29551135 denotes 15
31992387-24184128-29325744 19626-19628 24184128 denotes 15
31992387-30531947-29325744 19626-19628 30531947 denotes 15
31992387-30059721-29325745 20355-20357 30059721 denotes 18
31992387-30059721-29325746 21657-21659 30059721 denotes 18
31992387-28926006-29325746 21657-21659 28926006 denotes 18
31992387-30017021-29325746 21657-21659 30017021 denotes 18
31992387-26209385-29325746 21657-21659 26209385 denotes 18
31992387-31123684-29325746 21657-21659 31123684 denotes 18

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
33 206-223 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
34 241-250 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
35 826-843 Species denotes SARS)-related CoV Tax:694009
36 911-917 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
37 117-126 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
38 798-824 Disease denotes acute respiratory syndrome MESH:D012120
39 511-519 CellLine denotes MN908947 CVCL:U508
46 1082-1087 Species denotes human Tax:9606
47 1287-1292 Species denotes human Tax:9606
48 1296-1301 Species denotes human Tax:9606
49 1318-1327 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
50 1407-1412 Species denotes human Tax:9606
51 1416-1421 Species denotes human Tax:9606
54 1632-1643 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
55 1551-1572 Disease denotes respiratory infection MESH:D012141
63 2077-2086 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
64 2128-2136 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
65 2296-2305 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
66 2403-2410 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
67 2502-2510 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
68 2536-2545 Species denotes synthetic Tax:2086595
69 2119-2127 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
71 2602-2613 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
80 2712-2725 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
81 2883-2891 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
82 3041-3049 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
83 3057-3065 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
84 2736-2747 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
85 2832-2843 Species denotes Respiratory Tax:1439707
86 2955-2966 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
87 3156-3191 Disease denotes Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid
98 3503-3519 Species denotes SARS-related CoV Tax:694009
99 3593-3608 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
100 3651-3666 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
101 3709-3724 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
102 3766-3781 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
103 3782-3797 Species denotes Bat coronavirus Tax:1508220
104 3825-3840 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
105 3841-3873 Species denotes Bat coronavirus BM98–01/BGR/2008 Tax:864602
106 3885-3900 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
107 3901-3933 Species denotes Bat coronavirus BM98–13/BGR/2008 Tax:864605
109 3939-3952 Species denotes synthetic RNA Tax:2086595
111 4176-4179 Gene denotes kit Gene:3815
115 4674-4687 Gene denotes serum albumin Gene:213
116 4576-4579 Gene denotes kit Gene:3815
117 4787-4803 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides MESH:D009841
125 5665-5668 Gene denotes mix Gene:83881
126 5498-5501 Gene denotes mix Gene:83881
127 5434-5443 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
128 5461-5469 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
129 5591-5600 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
130 5602-5610 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
131 5619-5636 Species denotes SARS-related CoVs Tax:694009
133 5221-5243 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
135 6195-6215 Chemical denotes 6-carboxyfluorescein MESH:C024098
137 6334-6337 Gene denotes mix Gene:83881
141 6608-6611 Gene denotes Mix Gene:83881
142 6724-6727 Gene denotes Kit Gene:3815
143 6642-6657 Chemical denotes oligonucleotide MESH:D009841
146 6834-6842 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
147 6926-6935 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
154 7071-7075 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
155 7107-7111 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
156 7312-7316 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
157 7168-7177 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
158 7206-7214 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
159 7337-7346 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
170 7593-7602 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
171 7704-7720 Species denotes SARS-related CoV Tax:694009
172 7803-7821 Species denotes SARS-related virus Tax:694009
173 7924-7944 Species denotes artificial sequences Tax:81077
174 8198-8207 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
175 8302-8311 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
176 8554-8563 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
177 8565-8573 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
178 8609-8625 Species denotes SARS-related CoV Tax:694009
179 7966-7975 Species denotes synthetic Tax:2086595
182 8705-8721 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
183 8730-8752 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
186 8867-8871 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
187 8911-8916 Gene denotes spike Gene:43740568
189 8989-8997 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
192 9083-9109 Species denotes SARS-related coronaviruses Tax:694009
193 9050-9065 Chemical denotes oligonucleotide MESH:D009841
199 9161-9170 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
200 9222-9230 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
201 9381-9397 Species denotes SARS-related CoV Tax:694009
202 9520-9523 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
203 9719-9735 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides MESH:D009841
205 9851-9875 Disease denotes SARS coronavirus virions MESH:C000657245
210 10700-10704 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
211 11096-11100 Gene denotes RdRP Gene:43740578
212 10979-10982 Gene denotes Mix Gene:83881
213 9991-9999 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
216 11366-11382 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
217 11399-11421 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
219 11482-11485 Gene denotes c/r
226 11596-11600 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
227 11738-11742 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
228 11571-11579 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
229 11627-11635 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
230 11681-11690 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
231 11769-11778 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
233 12318-12340 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
238 12895-12899 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
239 12388-12397 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
240 12563-12572 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
241 12423-12438 Chemical denotes oligonucleotide MESH:D009841
245 13148-13152 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
246 13100-13122 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
247 13128-13144 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
256 13339-13343 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
257 13188-13196 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
258 13306-13315 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
259 13416-13424 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
260 13429-13438 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
261 13485-13494 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
262 13702-13711 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
263 13739-13747 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
265 13774-13800 Species denotes SARS-related coronaviruses Tax:694009
268 14326-14342 Species denotes SARS-related CoV Tax:694009
269 13945-13964 Disease denotes zoonotic infections MESH:D015047
274 14677-14687 Species denotes artificial Tax:81077
275 14634-14650 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides MESH:D009841
276 14759-14764 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
277 14811-14827 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides MESH:D009841
287 15022-15037 Gene denotes ‑OC43 and ‑HKU1
288 14982-14987 Species denotes human Tax:9606
289 14988-15001 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
290 15003-15013 Species denotes HCoV)‑229E Tax:11137
291 15049-15057 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
292 15137-15146 Species denotes HCoV-HKU1 Tax:290028
293 15165-15170 Species denotes human Tax:9606
294 15521-15526 Species denotes human Tax:9606
295 15016-15020 Species denotes NL63 Tax:277944
309 15885-15894 Species denotes HCoV-HKU1 Tax:290028
310 15903-15912 Species denotes HCoV-OC43 Tax:31631
311 15921-15930 Species denotes HCoV-NL63 Tax:277944
312 15939-15948 Species denotes HCoV-229E Tax:11137
313 15957-15965 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
314 15985-15989 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
315 16015-16019 Species denotes H3N2 Tax:119210
316 16149-16159 Species denotes Rhinovirus Tax:12059
317 16180-16210 Species denotes Respiratory syncytial virus (A Tax:1439707
318 16342-16363 Species denotes Human metapneumovirus Tax:162145
319 16372-16382 Species denotes Adenovirus Tax:10508
320 16390-16405 Species denotes Human bocavirus Tax:329641
321 16095-16099 CellLine denotes H7N9 CVCL:0452
325 15786-15790 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
326 15757-15779 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
327 15650-15661 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
329 16661-16666 Species denotes human Tax:9606
332 16713-16715 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
333 16772-16777 Species denotes human Tax:9606
336 16827-16829 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
337 16938-16943 Species denotes human Tax:9606
339 16990-16992 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
342 17056-17058 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
343 17163-17168 Species denotes human Tax:9606
345 17215-17217 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
348 17276-17298 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
349 17355-17366 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
356 17391-17395 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
357 17456-17464 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
358 17705-17713 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
359 17781-17791 Species denotes outpatient Tax:9606
360 18063-18074 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
361 17470-17489 Disease denotes respiratory disease MESH:D012140
363 19503-19511 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
370 20360-20368 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
371 20680-20700 Species denotes synthetic constructs Tax:32630
372 21773-21781 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
373 21035-21046 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
374 19957-19973 Chemical denotes oligonucleotides MESH:D009841
375 21090-21100 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239

MyTest

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31992387-14681510-29325737 921-922 14681510 denotes 4
31992387-12736651-29325738 1901-1902 12736651 denotes 6
31992387-23231891-29325738 1901-1902 23231891 denotes 6
31992387-12690091-29325738 1901-1902 12690091 denotes 6
31992387-23611031-29325738 1901-1902 23611031 denotes 6
31992387-23041020-29325738 1901-1902 23041020 denotes 6
31992387-19239767-29325738 1901-1902 19239767 denotes 6
31992387-27994281-29325738 1901-1902 27994281 denotes 6
31992387-23041020-29325739 3097-3099 23041020 denotes 10
31992387-12690091-29325740 10457-10458 12690091 denotes 8
31992387-20686038-29325741 14179-14181 20686038 denotes 13
31992387-30310104-29325742 14200-14202 30310104 denotes 14
31992387-12690091-29325743 19624-19625 12690091 denotes 8
31992387-29551135-29325744 19626-19628 29551135 denotes 15
31992387-24184128-29325744 19626-19628 24184128 denotes 15
31992387-30531947-29325744 19626-19628 30531947 denotes 15
31992387-30059721-29325745 20355-20357 30059721 denotes 18
31992387-30059721-29325746 21657-21659 30059721 denotes 18
31992387-28926006-29325746 21657-21659 28926006 denotes 18
31992387-30017021-29325746 21657-21659 30017021 denotes 18
31992387-26209385-29325746 21657-21659 26209385 denotes 18
31992387-31123684-29325746 21657-21659 31123684 denotes 18