PMC:6723065 / 19333-20826 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"31434341-26517052-7278283","span":{"begin":287,"end":289},"obj":"26517052"},{"id":"31434341-30823626-7278284","span":{"begin":635,"end":637},"obj":"30823626"},{"id":"31434341-28104232-7278285","span":{"begin":667,"end":669},"obj":"28104232"},{"id":"31434341-28104232-7278286","span":{"begin":1348,"end":1350},"obj":"28104232"},{"id":"31434341-7769091-7278287","span":{"begin":1489,"end":1491},"obj":"7769091"}],"text":"Recently, oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as one of the major factors involved in dopaminergic degeneration. Several treatments based on antioxidant therapies, such as vitamin E, creatine, coenzyme Q10, and mitoquinone, have been demonstrated effective in animal models of PD [80]. Several authors have explored the possibility to reduce OS. For example, 1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ) is a potent antioxidative agent, studied in vitro by Jin Park et al., which seems to be involved in inhibition of l-dopa-induced cytotoxicity because of its role in modulating reactive oxygen species formation in PC12 cells [81]. Moreover, Nikolova et al. [82] developed an experimental model using healthy mice and some OS indicators, such as malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content and advanced glycation end products, were evaluated in blood plasma. In this study, healthy mice were divided into four groups: the control group, the group treated only with l-dopa, and the remaining two groups, which were respectively pre-treated with Ascorbic acid (400 mg/kg) and Rose Oil (400 mg/kg), two antioxidants. A relevant increase of OS indicators levels in l-dopa treated mice compared to controls has been shown, whereas the same parameters have been decreased in both groups pre-treated with anti-oxidant compared to the same controls [82]. These evidences suggest that antioxidants may have a relevant role in protecting dopaminergic neurons from l-dopa induced cytotoxicity [83]."}