PMC:6582309 / 3940-5547
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/6582309","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"6582309","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/6582309","text":"In dogs and humans, dementia often affects cerebral gyri (cerebral atrophy) and shows as widening of sulci together with ventricular enlargement (Borràs et al., 1999; Toepper, 2017). Neuronal loss and cortical atrophy has been described in several brain regions including cortex, hippocampus and parts of the limbic system in cognitively impaired dogs (Tapp et al., 2004; Siwak-Tapp et al., 2008), similarly to human brain affected by AD (West et al., 2000). In human patients, AD has a preclinical stage with the clinical symptoms not yet evident but with pathological changes in the brain already present, which is followed by mild cognitive impairment stage which gradually culminates in dementia due to AD, with severe cognitive and functional decline (Bature et al., 2017). The onset of AD, detected clinically at the mild cognitive impairment stage, is characterized by a subtle decline in memory functions, followed by changes in personality, deterioration of language functions and eventually motor dysfunction (Braak and Braak, 1997). These deficits in cognition and behavior are mirrored in the AD-related regional brain destruction. Similarly to these signs in humans, the most obvious signs of CCD, deduced by standard cognition tests, are loss of memory, poor or completely lost sense of orientation, changes in behavior and confusion (Bain et al., 2001). Most common symptoms include disorientation, anxiousness, dogs get easily scared, do not recognize their owner, become aggressive or apathetic, have difficulty controlling the secretion of body fluids, change circadian rhythms and others.","tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"31249505-10332828-38601468","span":{"begin":161,"end":165},"obj":"10332828"},{"id":"31249505-28269778-38601469","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"28269778"},{"id":"31249505-15385603-38601470","span":{"begin":366,"end":370},"obj":"15385603"},{"id":"31249505-17092609-38601471","span":{"begin":391,"end":395},"obj":"17092609"},{"id":"31249505-10911964-38601472","span":{"begin":452,"end":456},"obj":"10911964"},{"id":"31249505-28851777-38601473","span":{"begin":772,"end":776},"obj":"28851777"},{"id":"31249505-9330961-38601474","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1041},"obj":"9330961"},{"id":"31249505-11394832-38601475","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1366},"obj":"11394832"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"31249505-10332828-38601468","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-28269778-38601469","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-15385603-38601470","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-17092609-38601471","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-10911964-38601472","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-28851777-38601473","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-9330961-38601474","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"31249505-11394832-38601475","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"31249505-10332828-736893","span":{"begin":161,"end":165},"obj":"10332828"},{"id":"31249505-28269778-736894","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"28269778"},{"id":"31249505-15385603-736895","span":{"begin":366,"end":370},"obj":"15385603"},{"id":"31249505-17092609-736896","span":{"begin":391,"end":395},"obj":"17092609"},{"id":"31249505-10911964-736897","span":{"begin":452,"end":456},"obj":"10911964"},{"id":"31249505-28851777-736898","span":{"begin":772,"end":776},"obj":"28851777"},{"id":"31249505-9330961-736899","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1041},"obj":"9330961"},{"id":"31249505-11394832-736900","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1366},"obj":"11394832"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"31249505-10332828-736893","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-28269778-736894","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-15385603-736895","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-17092609-736896","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-10911964-736897","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-28851777-736898","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-9330961-736899","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"31249505-11394832-736900","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#b3ec93","default":true},{"id":"0_colil","color":"#ec93cd"}]}]}}