PMC:6582309 / 38072-39269 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"31249505-20164551-38601676","span":{"begin":128,"end":132},"obj":"20164551"},{"id":"31249505-19260027-38601677","span":{"begin":338,"end":342},"obj":"19260027"},{"id":"31249505-26955655-38601678","span":{"begin":359,"end":363},"obj":"26955655"},{"id":"31249505-20164551-38601679","span":{"begin":431,"end":435},"obj":"20164551"},{"id":"31249505-28035921-38601680","span":{"begin":553,"end":557},"obj":"28035921"},{"id":"31249505-15866364-38601681","span":{"begin":914,"end":918},"obj":"15866364"}],"text":"In healthy aged dogs with age related Aβ deposits, a decrease in levels of Aβ42, but not Aβ40 was detected in CSF (Head et al., 2010). Similarly, in elderly people Aβ42 has been monitored in CSF and the decrease in Aβ42 is suggested as biomarker for Aβ deposition in the brain and has been observed alongside brain atrophy (Fagan et al., 2009; Racine et al., 2016). Although CSF Aβ content decreased in the aging dog (Head et al., 2010), high levels of Aβ in the CSF of young and middle-aged dogs also correlated with impaired learning (Borghys et al., 2017). This infers high CSF Aβ levels in younger dogs, which are not likely to harbor depositions of amyloid in their brains yet, as an early biomarker for the development of cognitive impairment. One study also reported an increase of lactate, pyruvate and potassium concentrations in CSF of dogs correlating with severe cognitive impairment (Pugliese et al., 2005), but this has not been firmly established or confirmed. Therefore, there are no biomarkers available to monitor and predict CCD progress in dogs. Future studies aiming to develop such biomarkers would be needed, hoping to provide biomarkers for early detection of this disease."}

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"31249505-20164551-737101","span":{"begin":128,"end":132},"obj":"20164551"},{"id":"31249505-19260027-737102","span":{"begin":338,"end":342},"obj":"19260027"},{"id":"31249505-26955655-737103","span":{"begin":359,"end":363},"obj":"26955655"},{"id":"31249505-20164551-737104","span":{"begin":431,"end":435},"obj":"20164551"},{"id":"31249505-28035921-737105","span":{"begin":553,"end":557},"obj":"28035921"},{"id":"31249505-15866364-737106","span":{"begin":914,"end":918},"obj":"15866364"}],"text":"In healthy aged dogs with age related Aβ deposits, a decrease in levels of Aβ42, but not Aβ40 was detected in CSF (Head et al., 2010). Similarly, in elderly people Aβ42 has been monitored in CSF and the decrease in Aβ42 is suggested as biomarker for Aβ deposition in the brain and has been observed alongside brain atrophy (Fagan et al., 2009; Racine et al., 2016). Although CSF Aβ content decreased in the aging dog (Head et al., 2010), high levels of Aβ in the CSF of young and middle-aged dogs also correlated with impaired learning (Borghys et al., 2017). This infers high CSF Aβ levels in younger dogs, which are not likely to harbor depositions of amyloid in their brains yet, as an early biomarker for the development of cognitive impairment. One study also reported an increase of lactate, pyruvate and potassium concentrations in CSF of dogs correlating with severe cognitive impairment (Pugliese et al., 2005), but this has not been firmly established or confirmed. Therefore, there are no biomarkers available to monitor and predict CCD progress in dogs. Future studies aiming to develop such biomarkers would be needed, hoping to provide biomarkers for early detection of this disease."}