PMC:6562565 / 23950-25175 JSONTXT

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Adenosine-treated DCs exhibit decreased expression or secretion of TNFα and IL-12 (268–271, 273) and enhanced production of IL-5 (270), IL-10 (267, 268, 270, 273), IL-6 (267, 272) and TGFβ (267). Moreover, such DCs are less motile due to chemokine receptor downregulation (274), and have a tolerogenic effect on the TME due to overexpression of TGFβ (267), IL-10, IDO-1 (267), arginase-2 (267, 275), as well as A2AR-mediated upregulation of PD-L2 (276). Finally, adenosine compels DCs to secrete the proangiogenic factors VEGF (267, 275) in an A2BR-dependent manner as well as IL-8 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