PMC:6562565 / 23934-25175 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/6562565","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"6562565","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/6562565","text":"Dendritic Cells\nThe biology of DCs, specialized antigen presenting cells (APCs) and critical messengers between the innate and adaptive immune system, can be severely impaired by adenosinergic signaling. For example, it has been reported that adenosine binding to A2BR (267) halts the differentiation of monocytes to DCs (267, 268). In addition, adenosine averts inflammatory stimulus-induced DC activation (269), whereas A2AR (270) and A2BR triggering (267, 271, 272) diminishes the capacity of DCs to prime Th1 immune responses (267, 270, 271) but rather prompts DCs to skew naïve T cell differentiation toward Th2 (267, 271) and Th17 (272) lineages. Adenosine-treated DCs exhibit decreased expression or secretion of TNFα and IL-12 (268–271, 273) and enhanced production of IL-5 (270), IL-10 (267, 268, 270, 273), IL-6 (267, 272) and TGFβ (267). Moreover, such DCs are less motile due to chemokine receptor downregulation (274), and have a tolerogenic effect on the TME due to overexpression of TGFβ (267), IL-10, IDO-1 (267), arginase-2 (267, 275), as well as A2AR-mediated upregulation of PD-L2 (276). Finally, adenosine compels DCs to secrete the proangiogenic factors VEGF (267, 275) in an A2BR-dependent manner as well as IL-8 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