PMC:6141714 / 159018-161716 JSONTXT

{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"30254638-24561556-35421941","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"24561556"},{"id":"30254638-25436769-35421942","span":{"begin":1214,"end":1217},"obj":"25436769"},{"id":"30254638-23061813-35421943","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1240},"obj":"23061813"},{"id":"30254638-20921206-35421944","span":{"begin":1449,"end":1452},"obj":"20921206"},{"id":"30254638-23154532-35421945","span":{"begin":1677,"end":1679},"obj":"23154532"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"It should be notice that some immune-related diseases are more likely to be treated by hMSCs administration in the near future than others. Currently, the great majority of the clinical trials conducted evaluated the use of hMSCs administration for the treatment of GvHD. As a result, a much greater amount of information describing the clinical benefits and possible adverse effects of hMSCs administration for the treatment of GvHD exist. In fact, a formulation of ex vivo cultured hMSCs called Prochymal was recently developed by Osiris Therapeutics. This formulation is now available in a total of nine countries for the treatment of patients with steroid-resistant grade III and IV GvHD (20) and is currently being tested in a phase III clinical trial sponsored by Osiris Therapeutics. Other immune-related diseases that are likely to be treated by hMSCs administration in the near future include Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes mellitus. In one hand, the treatment of multiple sclerosis through hMSCs administration was assessed in several animal studies, and in a randomized placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial and in an open-label phase II study conducted by Llufriu et al. (134) and Bonab et al. (125), respectively. The treatment of Crohn's disease through hMSCs administration, on the other hand, was also evaluated in several animal studies and in a clinical phase I study conducted by Duijvestein et al. (116). Finally, the efficacy of hMSCs administration for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of side effects was assessed in several animal studies and in a phase I clinical trial conducted by Hu et al. (78). Despite being already tested in humans, administration of hMSCs for the treatment of hemophagocitic syndrome, neuromyelitis optica and celiac disease was conducted only in single case reports. Therefore, it is not likely that the treatment of these immune-related diseases will be conducted through hMSCs administration in the near future. The treatment of systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis and myasthenia gravis through hMSCs administration, despite already being tested in phase I clinical trials, still needs to be assessed in a higher number of studies before becoming a reality in clinical practice. In addition, other immune-related diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune uveitis and autoimmune hearing loss were only treated though hMSCs administration in animal models and, as a result, the treatment of these diseases through hMSCs administration is also not likely to become a reality in clinical practice in the near future."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"30254638-24561556-35421941","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"24561556"},{"id":"30254638-25436769-35421942","span":{"begin":1214,"end":1217},"obj":"25436769"},{"id":"30254638-23061813-35421943","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1240},"obj":"23061813"},{"id":"30254638-20921206-35421944","span":{"begin":1449,"end":1452},"obj":"20921206"},{"id":"30254638-23154532-35421945","span":{"begin":1677,"end":1679},"obj":"23154532"}],"text":"It should be notice that some immune-related diseases are more likely to be treated by hMSCs administration in the near future than others. Currently, the great majority of the clinical trials conducted evaluated the use of hMSCs administration for the treatment of GvHD. As a result, a much greater amount of information describing the clinical benefits and possible adverse effects of hMSCs administration for the treatment of GvHD exist. In fact, a formulation of ex vivo cultured hMSCs called Prochymal was recently developed by Osiris Therapeutics. This formulation is now available in a total of nine countries for the treatment of patients with steroid-resistant grade III and IV GvHD (20) and is currently being tested in a phase III clinical trial sponsored by Osiris Therapeutics. Other immune-related diseases that are likely to be treated by hMSCs administration in the near future include Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes mellitus. In one hand, the treatment of multiple sclerosis through hMSCs administration was assessed in several animal studies, and in a randomized placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial and in an open-label phase II study conducted by Llufriu et al. (134) and Bonab et al. (125), respectively. The treatment of Crohn's disease through hMSCs administration, on the other hand, was also evaluated in several animal studies and in a clinical phase I study conducted by Duijvestein et al. (116). Finally, the efficacy of hMSCs administration for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of side effects was assessed in several animal studies and in a phase I clinical trial conducted by Hu et al. (78). Despite being already tested in humans, administration of hMSCs for the treatment of hemophagocitic syndrome, neuromyelitis optica and celiac disease was conducted only in single case reports. Therefore, it is not likely that the treatment of these immune-related diseases will be conducted through hMSCs administration in the near future. The treatment of systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis and myasthenia gravis through hMSCs administration, despite already being tested in phase I clinical trials, still needs to be assessed in a higher number of studies before becoming a reality in clinical practice. In addition, other immune-related diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune uveitis and autoimmune hearing loss were only treated though hMSCs administration in animal models and, as a result, the treatment of these diseases through hMSCs administration is also not likely to become a reality in clinical practice in the near future."}