PMC:6019327 / 497568-498754 JSONTXT

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availability and familiarity of electrophysiologists with 3D mapping systems, as well as the availability of CF monitoring, have significantly reduced fluoroscopy time and the need for fluoroscopy in recent years.747,1186,1248,1249 This can only be achieved, however, by an awareness of the importance of reducing fluoroscopy time, and therefore radiation exposure, by the operator.1250 It has been shown that use of optimized conventional fluoroscopy and optimized use of 3D mapping can result in a marked reduction in radiation exposure.1251 It is also important to recognize that fluoros-copy time is only weakly linked to true radiation exposure, because it does not reflect the fluoroscopy equipment being used, nor patient-specific factors such as obesity. The use of remote navigation for PVI appears to be effective, with fewer periprocedural complications and significant reductions in fluoroscopy exposure for both patient and operator.749,1252,1253 Another interesting option to minimize radiation exposure to the operator and to alleviate the orthopedic implications of conventional lead aprons is the use of a radioprotection cabin or a suspended lead apron.1254"}