PMC:523229 / 2365-8470 JSON TXT

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Id	Subject	Object	Predicate	Lexical cue
T1083	13-17	JJ	denotes	Thin
T1084	18-24	NNS	denotes	layers
T1085	48-52	VBP	denotes	line
T1086	25-27	IN	denotes	of
T1087	28-37	JJ	denotes	articular
T1088	38-47	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1089	53-56	DT	denotes	the
T1090	57-62	NNS	denotes	bones
T1091	63-65	IN	denotes	of
T1092	66-74	JJ	denotes	synovial
T1093	75-81	NNS	denotes	joints
T1094	82-85	CC	denotes	and
T1095	86-93	VBP	denotes	provide
T1096	94-95	DT	denotes	a
T1097	119-128	NN	denotes	structure
T1098	96-102	JJ	denotes	smooth
T1099	102-104	,	denotes	,
T1100	104-108	NN	denotes	wear
T1101	109-118	JJ	denotes	resistant
T1102	108-109	HYPH	denotes	-
T1103	129-133	WDT	denotes	that
T1104	134-141	VBZ	denotes	reduces
T1105	142-150	NN	denotes	friction
T1106	151-154	CC	denotes	and
T1107	155-162	VBZ	denotes	absorbs
T1108	163-169	NN	denotes	impact
T1109	170-176	NNS	denotes	forces
T1110	177-178	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1111	178-184	NNP	denotes	Brandt
T1112	185-187	FW	denotes	et
T1113	188-191	FW	denotes	al.
T1114	192-196	CD	denotes	1998
T1115	196-197	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1116	197-198	.	denotes	.
T1117	198-360	sentence	denotes	Loss or damage to articular cartilage is a hallmark of arthritic diseases and is one of the most common reasons that both young and old adults seek medical care.
T1118	199-203	NN	denotes	Loss
T1119	237-239	VBZ	denotes	is
T1120	204-206	CC	denotes	or
T1121	207-213	NN	denotes	damage
T1122	214-216	IN	denotes	to
T1123	217-226	JJ	denotes	articular
T1124	227-236	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1125	240-241	DT	denotes	a
T1126	242-250	NN	denotes	hallmark
T1127	251-253	IN	denotes	of
T1128	254-263	JJ	denotes	arthritic
T1129	264-272	NNS	denotes	diseases
T1130	273-276	CC	denotes	and
T1131	277-279	VBZ	denotes	is
T1132	280-283	CD	denotes	one
T1133	284-286	IN	denotes	of
T1134	287-290	DT	denotes	the
T1135	303-310	NNS	denotes	reasons
T1136	291-295	RBS	denotes	most
T1137	296-302	JJ	denotes	common
T1138	311-315	IN	denotes	that
T1139	342-346	VBP	denotes	seek
T1140	316-320	CC	denotes	both
T1141	321-326	JJ	denotes	young
T1142	335-341	NNS	denotes	adults
T1143	327-330	CC	denotes	and
T1144	331-334	JJ	denotes	old
T1145	347-354	JJ	denotes	medical
T1146	355-359	NN	denotes	care
T1147	359-360	.	denotes	.
T1148	360-519	sentence	denotes	Millions of people are afflicted with arthritis, and it ultimately affects more than half of people over the age of 65 (Badley 1995; Yelin and Callahan 1995).
T1149	361-369	NNS	denotes	Millions
T1150	380-383	VBP	denotes	are
T1151	370-372	IN	denotes	of
T1152	373-379	NNS	denotes	people
T1153	384-393	JJ	denotes	afflicted
T1154	394-398	IN	denotes	with
T1155	399-408	NN	denotes	arthritis
T1156	408-410	,	denotes	,
T1157	410-413	CC	denotes	and
T1158	414-416	PRP	denotes	it
T1159	428-435	VBZ	denotes	affects
T1160	417-427	RB	denotes	ultimately
T1161	436-440	JJR	denotes	more
T1162	446-450	NN	denotes	half
T1163	441-445	IN	denotes	than
T1164	451-453	IN	denotes	of
T1165	454-460	NNS	denotes	people
T1166	461-465	IN	denotes	over
T1167	466-469	DT	denotes	the
T1168	470-473	NN	denotes	age
T1169	474-476	IN	denotes	of
T1170	477-479	CD	denotes	65
T1171	480-481	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1172	481-487	NNP	denotes	Badley
T1173	488-492	CD	denotes	1995
T1174	492-493	:	denotes	;
T1175	494-499	NNP	denotes	Yelin
T1176	500-503	CC	denotes	and
T1177	504-512	NNP	denotes	Callahan
T1178	513-517	CD	denotes	1995
T1179	517-518	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1180	518-519	.	denotes	.
T1181	519-713	sentence	denotes	A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that create and maintain articular cartilage is crucial for discovering the causes of joint disorders and providing useful medical treatments.
T1182	520-521	DT	denotes	A
T1183	529-542	NN	denotes	understanding
T1184	522-528	JJR	denotes	better
T1185	616-618	VBZ	denotes	is
T1186	543-545	IN	denotes	of
T1187	546-549	DT	denotes	the
T1188	560-570	NNS	denotes	mechanisms
T1189	550-559	JJ	denotes	molecular
T1190	571-575	WDT	denotes	that
T1191	576-582	VBP	denotes	create
T1192	583-586	CC	denotes	and
T1193	587-595	VBP	denotes	maintain
T1194	596-605	JJ	denotes	articular
T1195	606-615	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1196	619-626	JJ	denotes	crucial
T1197	627-630	IN	denotes	for
T1198	631-642	VBG	denotes	discovering
T1199	643-646	DT	denotes	the
T1200	647-653	NNS	denotes	causes
T1201	654-656	IN	denotes	of
T1202	657-662	NN	denotes	joint
T1203	663-672	NNS	denotes	disorders
T1204	673-676	CC	denotes	and
T1205	677-686	VBG	denotes	providing
T1206	687-693	JJ	denotes	useful
T1207	702-712	NNS	denotes	treatments
T1208	694-701	JJ	denotes	medical
T1209	712-713	.	denotes	.
T1210	713-868	sentence	denotes	Joint formation begins during embryogenesis, when stripes of high cell density called interzones form across developing skeletal precursors (Haines 1947).
T1211	714-719	NN	denotes	Joint
T1212	720-729	NN	denotes	formation
T1213	730-736	VBZ	denotes	begins
T1214	737-743	IN	denotes	during
T1215	744-757	NN	denotes	embryogenesis
T1216	757-759	,	denotes	,
T1217	759-763	WRB	denotes	when
T1218	811-815	VBP	denotes	form
T1219	764-771	NNS	denotes	stripes
T1220	772-774	IN	denotes	of
T1221	775-779	JJ	denotes	high
T1222	785-792	NN	denotes	density
T1223	780-784	NN	denotes	cell
T1224	793-799	VBN	denotes	called
T1225	800-810	NNS	denotes	interzones
T1226	816-822	IN	denotes	across
T1227	823-833	VBG	denotes	developing
T1228	843-853	NNS	denotes	precursors
T1229	834-842	JJ	denotes	skeletal
T1230	854-855	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1231	855-861	NNP	denotes	Haines
T1232	862-866	CD	denotes	1947
T1233	866-867	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1234	867-868	.	denotes	.
T1235	868-1039	sentence	denotes	Programmed cell death occurs within the interzone, and a three-layered interzone forms that has two layers of higher cell density flanking a region of lower cell density.
T1236	869-879	VBN	denotes	Programmed
T1237	885-890	NN	denotes	death
T1238	880-884	NN	denotes	cell
T1239	891-897	VBZ	denotes	occurs
T1240	898-904	IN	denotes	within
T1241	905-908	DT	denotes	the
T1242	909-918	NN	denotes	interzone
T1243	918-920	,	denotes	,
T1244	920-923	CC	denotes	and
T1245	924-925	DT	denotes	a
T1246	940-949	NN	denotes	interzone
T1247	926-931	CD	denotes	three
T1248	932-939	VBN	denotes	layered
T1249	931-932	HYPH	denotes	-
T1250	950-955	VBZ	denotes	forms
T1251	956-960	WDT	denotes	that
T1252	961-964	VBZ	denotes	has
T1253	965-968	CD	denotes	two
T1254	969-975	NNS	denotes	layers
T1255	976-978	IN	denotes	of
T1256	979-985	JJR	denotes	higher
T1257	991-998	NN	denotes	density
T1258	986-990	NN	denotes	cell
T1259	999-1007	VBG	denotes	flanking
T1260	1008-1009	DT	denotes	a
T1261	1010-1016	NN	denotes	region
T1262	1017-1019	IN	denotes	of
T1263	1020-1025	JJR	denotes	lower
T1264	1031-1038	NN	denotes	density
T1265	1026-1030	NN	denotes	cell
T1266	1038-1039	.	denotes	.
T1267	1039-1155	sentence	denotes	Non-joint precursors of the skeleton typically develop into cartilage, which hypertrophies and is replaced by bone.
T1268	1040-1049	NN	denotes	Non-joint
T1269	1050-1060	NNS	denotes	precursors
T1270	1087-1094	VBP	denotes	develop
T1271	1061-1063	IN	denotes	of
T1272	1064-1067	DT	denotes	the
T1273	1068-1076	NN	denotes	skeleton
T1274	1077-1086	RB	denotes	typically
T1275	1095-1099	IN	denotes	into
T1276	1100-1109	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1277	1109-1111	,	denotes	,
T1278	1111-1116	WDT	denotes	which
T1279	1117-1130	VBZ	denotes	hypertrophies
T1280	1131-1134	CC	denotes	and
T1281	1135-1137	VBZ	denotes	is
T1282	1138-1146	VBN	denotes	replaced
T1283	1147-1149	IN	denotes	by
T1284	1150-1154	NN	denotes	bone
T1285	1154-1155	.	denotes	.
T1286	1155-1353	sentence	denotes	However, cells within the high-density layers of the interzone are excluded from this process and develop into the permanent layers of articular cartilage found in the mature joint (Mitrovic 1978).
T1287	1156-1163	RB	denotes	However
T1288	1223-1231	VBN	denotes	excluded
T1289	1163-1165	,	denotes	,
T1290	1165-1170	NNS	denotes	cells
T1291	1171-1177	IN	denotes	within
T1292	1178-1181	DT	denotes	the
T1293	1195-1201	NNS	denotes	layers
T1294	1182-1186	JJ	denotes	high
T1295	1187-1194	NN	denotes	density
T1296	1186-1187	HYPH	denotes	-
T1297	1202-1204	IN	denotes	of
T1298	1205-1208	DT	denotes	the
T1299	1209-1218	NN	denotes	interzone
T1300	1219-1222	VBP	denotes	are
T1301	1232-1236	IN	denotes	from
T1302	1237-1241	DT	denotes	this
T1303	1242-1249	NN	denotes	process
T1304	1250-1253	CC	denotes	and
T1305	1254-1261	VBP	denotes	develop
T1306	1262-1266	IN	denotes	into
T1307	1267-1270	DT	denotes	the
T1308	1281-1287	NNS	denotes	layers
T1309	1271-1280	JJ	denotes	permanent
T1310	1288-1290	IN	denotes	of
T1311	1291-1300	JJ	denotes	articular
T1312	1301-1310	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1313	1311-1316	VBN	denotes	found
T1314	1317-1319	IN	denotes	in
T1315	1320-1323	DT	denotes	the
T1316	1331-1336	NN	denotes	joint
T1317	1324-1330	JJ	denotes	mature
T1318	1337-1338	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1319	1338-1346	NNP	denotes	Mitrovic
T1320	1347-1351	CD	denotes	1978
T1321	1351-1352	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1322	1352-1353	.	denotes	.
T1323	1353-1491	sentence	denotes	Studies over the last 10 y have begun to elucidate some of the signaling pathways that contribute to the early stages of joint formation.
T1324	1354-1361	NNS	denotes	Studies
T1325	1386-1391	VBN	denotes	begun
T1326	1362-1366	IN	denotes	over
T1327	1367-1370	DT	denotes	the
T1328	1379-1380	NN	denotes	y
T1329	1371-1375	JJ	denotes	last
T1330	1376-1378	CD	denotes	10
T1331	1381-1385	VBP	denotes	have
T1332	1392-1394	TO	denotes	to
T1333	1395-1404	VB	denotes	elucidate
T1334	1405-1409	DT	denotes	some
T1335	1410-1412	IN	denotes	of
T1336	1413-1416	DT	denotes	the
T1337	1427-1435	NNS	denotes	pathways
T1338	1417-1426	NN	denotes	signaling
T1339	1436-1440	WDT	denotes	that
T1340	1441-1451	VBP	denotes	contribute
T1341	1452-1454	IN	denotes	to
T1342	1455-1458	DT	denotes	the
T1343	1465-1471	NNS	denotes	stages
T1344	1459-1464	JJ	denotes	early
T1345	1472-1474	IN	denotes	of
T1346	1475-1480	NN	denotes	joint
T1347	1481-1490	NN	denotes	formation
T1348	1490-1491	.	denotes	.
T1349	1491-1696	sentence	denotes	Wnt14 is expressed in stripes at the sites where joints will form, and it is capable of inducing expression of other joint markers when misexpressed at new locations in the limb (Hartmann and Tabin 2001).
T1350	1492-1497	NN	denotes	Wnt14
T1351	1501-1510	VBN	denotes	expressed
T1352	1498-1500	VBZ	denotes	is
T1353	1511-1513	IN	denotes	in
T1354	1514-1521	NNS	denotes	stripes
T1355	1522-1524	IN	denotes	at
T1356	1525-1528	DT	denotes	the
T1357	1529-1534	NNS	denotes	sites
T1358	1535-1540	WRB	denotes	where
T1359	1553-1557	VB	denotes	form
T1360	1541-1547	NNS	denotes	joints
T1361	1548-1552	MD	denotes	will
T1362	1557-1559	,	denotes	,
T1363	1559-1562	CC	denotes	and
T1364	1563-1565	PRP	denotes	it
T1365	1566-1568	VBZ	denotes	is
T1366	1569-1576	JJ	denotes	capable
T1367	1577-1579	IN	denotes	of
T1368	1580-1588	VBG	denotes	inducing
T1369	1589-1599	NN	denotes	expression
T1370	1600-1602	IN	denotes	of
T1371	1603-1608	JJ	denotes	other
T1372	1615-1622	NNS	denotes	markers
T1373	1609-1614	NN	denotes	joint
T1374	1623-1627	WRB	denotes	when
T1375	1628-1640	VBN	denotes	misexpressed
T1376	1641-1643	IN	denotes	at
T1377	1644-1647	JJ	denotes	new
T1378	1648-1657	NNS	denotes	locations
T1379	1658-1660	IN	denotes	in
T1380	1661-1664	DT	denotes	the
T1381	1665-1669	NN	denotes	limb
T1382	1670-1671	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1383	1671-1679	NNP	denotes	Hartmann
T1384	1680-1683	CC	denotes	and
T1385	1684-1689	NNP	denotes	Tabin
T1386	1690-1694	CD	denotes	2001
T1387	1694-1695	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1388	1695-1696	.	denotes	.
T1389	1696-2018	sentence	denotes	Several members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of secreted signaling molecules are also expressed in stripes at sites where joints will form, including those encoded by the genes Gdf5, Gdf6, Gdf7, Bmp2, and Bmp4 (Storm and Kingsley 1996; Wolfman et al. 1997; Francis-West et al. 1999; Settle et al. 2003).
T1390	1697-1704	JJ	denotes	Several
T1391	1705-1712	NNS	denotes	members
T1392	1801-1810	VBN	denotes	expressed
T1393	1713-1715	IN	denotes	of
T1394	1716-1719	DT	denotes	the
T1395	1753-1759	NN	denotes	family
T1396	1720-1724	NN	denotes	bone
T1397	1739-1746	NN	denotes	protein
T1398	1725-1738	JJ	denotes	morphogenetic
T1399	1747-1748	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1400	1748-1751	NNP	denotes	BMP
T1401	1751-1752	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1402	1760-1762	IN	denotes	of
T1403	1763-1771	VBN	denotes	secreted
T1404	1782-1791	NNS	denotes	molecules
T1405	1772-1781	NN	denotes	signaling
T1406	1792-1795	VBP	denotes	are
T1407	1796-1800	RB	denotes	also
T1408	1811-1813	IN	denotes	in
T1409	1814-1821	NNS	denotes	stripes
T1410	1822-1824	IN	denotes	at
T1411	1825-1830	NNS	denotes	sites
T1412	1831-1836	WRB	denotes	where
T1413	1849-1853	VB	denotes	form
T1414	1837-1843	NNS	denotes	joints
T1415	1844-1848	MD	denotes	will
T1416	1853-1855	,	denotes	,
T1417	1855-1864	VBG	denotes	including
T1418	1865-1870	DT	denotes	those
T1419	1871-1878	VBN	denotes	encoded
T1420	1879-1881	IN	denotes	by
T1421	1882-1885	DT	denotes	the
T1422	1886-1891	NNS	denotes	genes
T1423	1892-1896	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T1424	1896-1898	,	denotes	,
T1425	1898-1902	NN	denotes	Gdf6
T1426	1902-1904	,	denotes	,
T1427	1904-1908	NN	denotes	Gdf7
T1428	1908-1910	,	denotes	,
T1429	1910-1914	NN	denotes	Bmp2
T1430	1914-1916	,	denotes	,
T1431	1916-1919	CC	denotes	and
T1432	1920-1924	NN	denotes	Bmp4
T1433	1925-1926	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1434	1926-1931	NNP	denotes	Storm
T1435	1932-1935	CC	denotes	and
T1436	1936-1944	NNP	denotes	Kingsley
T1437	1945-1949	CD	denotes	1996
T1438	1949-1950	:	denotes	;
T1439	1951-1958	NNP	denotes	Wolfman
T1440	1959-1961	FW	denotes	et
T1441	1962-1965	FW	denotes	al.
T1442	1966-1970	CD	denotes	1997
T1443	1970-1971	:	denotes	;
T1444	1972-1979	NNP	denotes	Francis
T1445	1979-1980	HYPH	denotes	-
T1446	1980-1984	NNP	denotes	West
T1447	1985-1987	FW	denotes	et
T1448	1988-1991	FW	denotes	al.
T1449	1992-1996	CD	denotes	1999
T1450	1996-1997	:	denotes	;
T1451	1998-2004	NNP	denotes	Settle
T1452	2005-2007	FW	denotes	et
T1453	2008-2011	FW	denotes	al.
T1454	2012-2016	CD	denotes	2003
T1455	2016-2017	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1456	2017-2018	.	denotes	.
T1457	2018-2169	sentence	denotes	Of these, Gdf5 expression is most strikingly limited to regions where joints will develop and is one of the earliest known markers of joint formation.
T1458	2019-2021	IN	denotes	Of
T1459	2045-2047	VBZ	denotes	is
T1460	2022-2027	DT	denotes	these
T1461	2027-2029	,	denotes	,
T1462	2029-2033	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T1463	2034-2044	NN	denotes	expression
T1464	2048-2052	RBS	denotes	most
T1465	2053-2063	RB	denotes	strikingly
T1466	2064-2071	VBN	denotes	limited
T1467	2072-2074	IN	denotes	to
T1468	2075-2082	NNS	denotes	regions
T1469	2083-2088	WRB	denotes	where
T1470	2101-2108	VB	denotes	develop
T1471	2089-2095	NNS	denotes	joints
T1472	2096-2100	MD	denotes	will
T1473	2109-2112	CC	denotes	and
T1474	2113-2115	VBZ	denotes	is
T1475	2116-2119	CD	denotes	one
T1476	2120-2122	IN	denotes	of
T1477	2123-2126	DT	denotes	the
T1478	2142-2149	NNS	denotes	markers
T1479	2127-2135	JJS	denotes	earliest
T1480	2136-2141	VBN	denotes	known
T1481	2150-2152	IN	denotes	of
T1482	2153-2158	NN	denotes	joint
T1483	2159-2168	NN	denotes	formation
T1484	2168-2169	.	denotes	.
T1485	2169-2415	sentence	denotes	Mutations in either Gdf5 or the closely related Gdf6 gene also block formation of joints at specific locations, providing strong evidence that these molecules are essential for the joint formation process (Storm et al. 1994; Settle et al. 2003).
T1486	2170-2179	NNS	denotes	Mutations
T1487	2233-2238	VBP	denotes	block
T1488	2180-2182	IN	denotes	in
T1489	2183-2189	CC	denotes	either
T1490	2190-2194	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T1491	2195-2197	CC	denotes	or
T1492	2198-2201	DT	denotes	the
T1493	2223-2227	NN	denotes	gene
T1494	2202-2209	RB	denotes	closely
T1495	2210-2217	JJ	denotes	related
T1496	2218-2222	NN	denotes	Gdf6
T1497	2228-2232	RB	denotes	also
T1498	2239-2248	NN	denotes	formation
T1499	2249-2251	IN	denotes	of
T1500	2252-2258	NNS	denotes	joints
T1501	2259-2261	IN	denotes	at
T1502	2262-2270	JJ	denotes	specific
T1503	2271-2280	NNS	denotes	locations
T1504	2280-2282	,	denotes	,
T1505	2282-2291	VBG	denotes	providing
T1506	2292-2298	JJ	denotes	strong
T1507	2299-2307	NN	denotes	evidence
T1508	2308-2312	IN	denotes	that
T1509	2329-2332	VBP	denotes	are
T1510	2313-2318	DT	denotes	these
T1511	2319-2328	NNS	denotes	molecules
T1512	2333-2342	JJ	denotes	essential
T1513	2343-2346	IN	denotes	for
T1514	2347-2350	DT	denotes	the
T1515	2367-2374	NN	denotes	process
T1516	2351-2356	NN	denotes	joint
T1517	2357-2366	NN	denotes	formation
T1518	2375-2376	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1519	2376-2381	NNP	denotes	Storm
T1520	2382-2384	FW	denotes	et
T1521	2385-2388	FW	denotes	al.
T1522	2389-2393	CD	denotes	1994
T1523	2393-2394	:	denotes	;
T1524	2395-2401	NNP	denotes	Settle
T1525	2402-2404	FW	denotes	et
T1526	2405-2408	FW	denotes	al.
T1527	2409-2413	CD	denotes	2003
T1528	2413-2414	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1529	2414-2415	.	denotes	.
T1530	2415-2588	sentence	denotes	However, mutations in Bmp2 or Bmp4 cause early embryonic lethality, making it difficult to test their role in joint formation (Winnier et al. 1995; Zhang and Bradley 1996).
T1531	2416-2423	RB	denotes	However
T1532	2451-2456	VBP	denotes	cause
T1533	2423-2425	,	denotes	,
T1534	2425-2434	NNS	denotes	mutations
T1535	2435-2437	IN	denotes	in
T1536	2438-2442	NN	denotes	Bmp2
T1537	2443-2445	CC	denotes	or
T1538	2446-2450	NN	denotes	Bmp4
T1539	2457-2462	JJ	denotes	early
T1540	2473-2482	NN	denotes	lethality
T1541	2463-2472	JJ	denotes	embryonic
T1542	2482-2484	,	denotes	,
T1543	2484-2490	VBG	denotes	making
T1544	2491-2493	PRP	denotes	it
T1545	2494-2503	JJ	denotes	difficult
T1546	2504-2506	TO	denotes	to
T1547	2507-2511	VB	denotes	test
T1548	2512-2517	PRP$	denotes	their
T1549	2518-2522	NN	denotes	role
T1550	2523-2525	IN	denotes	in
T1551	2526-2531	NN	denotes	joint
T1552	2532-2541	NN	denotes	formation
T1553	2542-2543	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1554	2543-2550	NNP	denotes	Winnier
T1555	2551-2553	FW	denotes	et
T1556	2554-2557	FW	denotes	al.
T1557	2558-2562	CD	denotes	1995
T1558	2562-2563	:	denotes	;
T1559	2564-2569	NNP	denotes	Zhang
T1560	2570-2573	CC	denotes	and
T1561	2574-2581	NNP	denotes	Bradley
T1562	2582-2586	CD	denotes	1996
T1563	2586-2587	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1564	2587-2588	.	denotes	.
T1565	2588-2721	sentence	denotes	Much less is known about how signaling pathways function during the subsequent maturation and maintenance of adult joint structures.
T1566	2589-2593	RB	denotes	Much
T1567	2594-2598	JJR	denotes	less
T1568	2602-2607	VBN	denotes	known
T1569	2599-2601	VBZ	denotes	is
T1570	2608-2613	IN	denotes	about
T1571	2614-2617	WRB	denotes	how
T1572	2637-2645	VBP	denotes	function
T1573	2618-2627	NN	denotes	signaling
T1574	2628-2636	NNS	denotes	pathways
T1575	2646-2652	IN	denotes	during
T1576	2653-2656	DT	denotes	the
T1577	2668-2678	NN	denotes	maturation
T1578	2657-2667	JJ	denotes	subsequent
T1579	2679-2682	CC	denotes	and
T1580	2683-2694	NN	denotes	maintenance
T1581	2695-2697	IN	denotes	of
T1582	2698-2703	NN	denotes	adult
T1583	2710-2720	NNS	denotes	structures
T1584	2704-2709	NN	denotes	joint
T1585	2720-2721	.	denotes	.
T1586	2721-3014	sentence	denotes	Importantly, BMP signaling components are present in adult articular cartilage, suggesting that they may function during the late development or maintenance of this critical structure (Erlacher et al. 1998; Chubinskaya et al. 2000; Muehleman et al. 2002; Bau et al. 2002; Bobacz et al. 2003).
T1587	2722-2733	RB	denotes	Importantly
T1588	2760-2763	VBP	denotes	are
T1589	2733-2735	,	denotes	,
T1590	2735-2738	NN	denotes	BMP
T1591	2739-2748	NN	denotes	signaling
T1592	2749-2759	NNS	denotes	components
T1593	2764-2771	JJ	denotes	present
T1594	2772-2774	IN	denotes	in
T1595	2775-2780	NN	denotes	adult
T1596	2791-2800	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1597	2781-2790	JJ	denotes	articular
T1598	2800-2802	,	denotes	,
T1599	2802-2812	VBG	denotes	suggesting
T1600	2813-2817	IN	denotes	that
T1601	2827-2835	VB	denotes	function
T1602	2818-2822	PRP	denotes	they
T1603	2823-2826	MD	denotes	may
T1604	2836-2842	IN	denotes	during
T1605	2843-2846	DT	denotes	the
T1606	2852-2863	NN	denotes	development
T1607	2847-2851	JJ	denotes	late
T1608	2864-2866	CC	denotes	or
T1609	2867-2878	NN	denotes	maintenance
T1610	2879-2881	IN	denotes	of
T1611	2882-2886	DT	denotes	this
T1612	2896-2905	NN	denotes	structure
T1613	2887-2895	JJ	denotes	critical
T1614	2906-2907	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1615	2907-2915	NNP	denotes	Erlacher
T1616	2916-2918	FW	denotes	et
T1617	2919-2922	FW	denotes	al.
T1618	2923-2927	CD	denotes	1998
T1619	2927-2928	:	denotes	;
T1620	2929-2940	NNP	denotes	Chubinskaya
T1621	2941-2943	FW	denotes	et
T1622	2944-2947	FW	denotes	al.
T1623	2948-2952	CD	denotes	2000
T1624	2952-2953	:	denotes	;
T1625	2954-2963	NNP	denotes	Muehleman
T1626	2964-2966	FW	denotes	et
T1627	2967-2970	FW	denotes	al.
T1628	2971-2975	CD	denotes	2002
T1629	2975-2976	:	denotes	;
T1630	2977-2980	NNP	denotes	Bau
T1631	2981-2983	FW	denotes	et
T1632	2984-2987	FW	denotes	al.
T1633	2988-2992	CD	denotes	2002
T1634	2992-2993	:	denotes	;
T1635	2994-3000	NNP	denotes	Bobacz
T1636	3001-3003	FW	denotes	et
T1637	3004-3007	FW	denotes	al.
T1638	3008-3012	CD	denotes	2003
T1639	3012-3013	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1640	3013-3014	.	denotes	.
T1641	3014-3124	sentence	denotes	BMPs bind tetrameric complexes of two type I and two type II transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors.
T1642	3015-3019	NNS	denotes	BMPs
T1643	3020-3024	VBP	denotes	bind
T1644	3025-3035	JJ	denotes	tetrameric
T1645	3036-3045	NNS	denotes	complexes
T1646	3046-3048	IN	denotes	of
T1647	3049-3052	CD	denotes	two
T1648	3053-3057	NN	denotes	type
T1649	3058-3059	CD	denotes	I
T1650	3060-3063	CC	denotes	and
T1651	3064-3067	CD	denotes	two
T1652	3068-3072	NN	denotes	type
T1653	3114-3123	NNS	denotes	receptors
T1654	3073-3075	CD	denotes	II
T1655	3076-3089	JJ	denotes	transmembrane
T1656	3090-3096	NN	denotes	serine
T1657	3097-3106	NN	denotes	threonine
T1658	3096-3097	HYPH	denotes	-
T1659	3107-3113	NN	denotes	kinase
T1660	3123-3124	.	denotes	.
T1661	3124-3265	sentence	denotes	Upon BMP binding, these complexes transduce a signal by phosphorylating members of the Smad family of transcription factors (Massague 1996).
T1662	3125-3129	IN	denotes	Upon
T1663	3159-3168	VBP	denotes	transduce
T1664	3130-3133	NN	denotes	BMP
T1665	3134-3141	NN	denotes	binding
T1666	3141-3143	,	denotes	,
T1667	3143-3148	DT	denotes	these
T1668	3149-3158	NNS	denotes	complexes
T1669	3169-3170	DT	denotes	a
T1670	3171-3177	NN	denotes	signal
T1671	3178-3180	IN	denotes	by
T1672	3181-3196	VBG	denotes	phosphorylating
T1673	3197-3204	NNS	denotes	members
T1674	3205-3207	IN	denotes	of
T1675	3208-3211	DT	denotes	the
T1676	3217-3223	NN	denotes	family
T1677	3212-3216	NN	denotes	Smad
T1678	3224-3226	IN	denotes	of
T1679	3227-3240	NN	denotes	transcription
T1680	3241-3248	NNS	denotes	factors
T1681	3249-3250	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1682	3250-3258	NNP	denotes	Massague
T1683	3259-3263	CD	denotes	1996
T1684	3263-3264	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1685	3264-3265	.	denotes	.
T1686	3265-3378	sentence	denotes	Recent experiments have implicated two different BMP type I receptors in skeletal patterning, BMPR1A and BMPR1B.
T1687	3266-3272	JJ	denotes	Recent
T1688	3273-3284	NNS	denotes	experiments
T1689	3290-3300	VBN	denotes	implicated
T1690	3285-3289	VBP	denotes	have
T1691	3301-3304	CD	denotes	two
T1692	3326-3335	NNS	denotes	receptors
T1693	3305-3314	JJ	denotes	different
T1694	3315-3318	NN	denotes	BMP
T1695	3319-3323	NN	denotes	type
T1696	3324-3325	CD	denotes	I
T1697	3336-3338	IN	denotes	in
T1698	3339-3347	JJ	denotes	skeletal
T1699	3348-3358	NN	denotes	patterning
T1700	3358-3360	,	denotes	,
T1701	3360-3366	NN	denotes	BMPR1A
T1702	3367-3370	CC	denotes	and
T1703	3371-3377	NN	denotes	BMPR1B
T1704	3377-3378	.	denotes	.
T1705	3378-3579	sentence	denotes	Both receptors can bind BMP2, BMP4, and GDF5, although GDF5 shows higher affinity for BMPR1B (Koenig et al. 1994; ten Dijke et al. 1994; Yamaji et al. 1994; Nishitoh et al. 1996; Chalaux et al. 1998).
T1706	3379-3383	DT	denotes	Both
T1707	3384-3393	NNS	denotes	receptors
T1708	3398-3402	VB	denotes	bind
T1709	3394-3397	MD	denotes	can
T1710	3403-3407	NN	denotes	BMP2
T1711	3407-3409	,	denotes	,
T1712	3409-3413	NN	denotes	BMP4
T1713	3413-3415	,	denotes	,
T1714	3415-3418	CC	denotes	and
T1715	3419-3423	NN	denotes	GDF5
T1716	3423-3425	,	denotes	,
T1717	3425-3433	IN	denotes	although
T1718	3439-3444	VBZ	denotes	shows
T1719	3434-3438	NN	denotes	GDF5
T1720	3445-3451	JJR	denotes	higher
T1721	3452-3460	NN	denotes	affinity
T1722	3461-3464	IN	denotes	for
T1723	3465-3471	NN	denotes	BMPR1B
T1724	3472-3473	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1725	3473-3479	NNP	denotes	Koenig
T1726	3480-3482	FW	denotes	et
T1727	3483-3486	FW	denotes	al.
T1728	3487-3491	CD	denotes	1994
T1729	3491-3492	:	denotes	;
T1730	3493-3496	NNP	denotes	ten
T1731	3497-3502	NNP	denotes	Dijke
T1732	3503-3505	FW	denotes	et
T1733	3506-3509	FW	denotes	al.
T1734	3510-3514	CD	denotes	1994
T1735	3514-3515	:	denotes	;
T1736	3516-3522	NNP	denotes	Yamaji
T1737	3523-3525	FW	denotes	et
T1738	3526-3529	FW	denotes	al.
T1739	3530-3534	CD	denotes	1994
T1740	3534-3535	:	denotes	;
T1741	3536-3544	NNP	denotes	Nishitoh
T1742	3545-3547	FW	denotes	et
T1743	3548-3551	FW	denotes	al.
T1744	3552-3556	CD	denotes	1996
T1745	3556-3557	:	denotes	;
T1746	3558-3565	NNP	denotes	Chalaux
T1747	3566-3568	FW	denotes	et
T1748	3569-3572	FW	denotes	al.
T1749	3573-3577	CD	denotes	1998
T1750	3577-3578	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1751	3578-3579	.	denotes	.
T1752	3579-3660	sentence	denotes	Both receptors are also expressed in dynamic patterns during normal development.
T1753	3580-3584	DT	denotes	Both
T1754	3585-3594	NNS	denotes	receptors
T1755	3604-3613	VBN	denotes	expressed
T1756	3595-3598	VBP	denotes	are
T1757	3599-3603	RB	denotes	also
T1758	3614-3616	IN	denotes	in
T1759	3617-3624	JJ	denotes	dynamic
T1760	3625-3633	NNS	denotes	patterns
T1761	3634-3640	IN	denotes	during
T1762	3641-3647	JJ	denotes	normal
T1763	3648-3659	NN	denotes	development
T1764	3659-3660	.	denotes	.
T1765	3660-3829	sentence	denotes	In limbs, Bmpr1a expression becomes restricted to joint interzones, perichondrium, periarticular cartilage, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and interdigital limb mesenchyme.
T1766	3661-3663	IN	denotes	In
T1767	3689-3696	VBZ	denotes	becomes
T1768	3664-3669	NNS	denotes	limbs
T1769	3669-3671	,	denotes	,
T1770	3671-3677	NN	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1771	3678-3688	NN	denotes	expression
T1772	3697-3707	JJ	denotes	restricted
T1773	3708-3710	IN	denotes	to
T1774	3711-3716	NN	denotes	joint
T1775	3717-3727	NNS	denotes	interzones
T1776	3727-3729	,	denotes	,
T1777	3729-3742	NN	denotes	perichondrium
T1778	3742-3744	,	denotes	,
T1779	3744-3757	JJ	denotes	periarticular
T1780	3758-3767	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1781	3767-3769	,	denotes	,
T1782	3769-3781	JJ	denotes	hypertrophic
T1783	3782-3794	NNS	denotes	chondrocytes
T1784	3794-3796	,	denotes	,
T1785	3796-3799	CC	denotes	and
T1786	3800-3812	JJ	denotes	interdigital
T1787	3818-3828	NN	denotes	mesenchyme
T1788	3813-3817	NN	denotes	limb
T1789	3828-3829	.	denotes	.
T1790	3829-4086	sentence	denotes	In comparison, Bmpr1b expression is seen primarily in condensing precartilaginous mesenchymal cells, regions flanking joint interzones, perichondrium, and periarticular cartilage (Dewulf et al. 1995; Mishina et al. 1995; Zou et al. 1997; Baur et al. 2000).
T1791	3830-3832	IN	denotes	In
T1792	3866-3870	VBN	denotes	seen
T1793	3833-3843	NN	denotes	comparison
T1794	3843-3845	,	denotes	,
T1795	3845-3851	NN	denotes	Bmpr1b
T1796	3852-3862	NN	denotes	expression
T1797	3863-3865	VBZ	denotes	is
T1798	3871-3880	RB	denotes	primarily
T1799	3881-3883	IN	denotes	in
T1800	3884-3894	VBG	denotes	condensing
T1801	3924-3929	NNS	denotes	cells
T1802	3895-3911	JJ	denotes	precartilaginous
T1803	3912-3923	JJ	denotes	mesenchymal
T1804	3929-3931	,	denotes	,
T1805	3931-3938	NNS	denotes	regions
T1806	3939-3947	VBG	denotes	flanking
T1807	3948-3953	NN	denotes	joint
T1808	3954-3964	NNS	denotes	interzones
T1809	3964-3966	,	denotes	,
T1810	3966-3979	NN	denotes	perichondrium
T1811	3979-3981	,	denotes	,
T1812	3981-3984	CC	denotes	and
T1813	3985-3998	JJ	denotes	periarticular
T1814	3999-4008	NN	denotes	cartilage
T1815	4009-4010	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1816	4010-4016	NNP	denotes	Dewulf
T1817	4017-4019	FW	denotes	et
T1818	4020-4023	FW	denotes	al.
T1819	4024-4028	CD	denotes	1995
T1820	4028-4029	:	denotes	;
T1821	4030-4037	NNP	denotes	Mishina
T1822	4038-4040	FW	denotes	et
T1823	4041-4044	FW	denotes	al.
T1824	4045-4049	CD	denotes	1995
T1825	4049-4050	:	denotes	;
T1826	4051-4054	NNP	denotes	Zou
T1827	4055-4057	FW	denotes	et
T1828	4058-4061	FW	denotes	al.
T1829	4062-4066	CD	denotes	1997
T1830	4066-4067	:	denotes	;
T1831	4068-4072	NNP	denotes	Baur
T1832	4073-4075	FW	denotes	et
T1833	4076-4079	FW	denotes	al.
T1834	4080-4084	CD	denotes	2000
T1835	4084-4085	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1836	4085-4086	.	denotes	.
T1837	4086-4296	sentence	denotes	Null mutations in the Bmpr1b gene produce viable mice with defects in bone and joint formation that closely resemble those seen in mice missing Gdf5 (Storm and Kingsley 1996; Baur et al. 2000; Yi et al. 2000).
T1838	4087-4091	JJ	denotes	Null
T1839	4092-4101	NNS	denotes	mutations
T1840	4121-4128	VBP	denotes	produce
T1841	4102-4104	IN	denotes	in
T1842	4105-4108	DT	denotes	the
T1843	4116-4120	NN	denotes	gene
T1844	4109-4115	NN	denotes	Bmpr1b
T1845	4129-4135	JJ	denotes	viable
T1846	4136-4140	NNS	denotes	mice
T1847	4141-4145	IN	denotes	with
T1848	4146-4153	NNS	denotes	defects
T1849	4154-4156	IN	denotes	in
T1850	4157-4161	NN	denotes	bone
T1851	4172-4181	NN	denotes	formation
T1852	4162-4165	CC	denotes	and
T1853	4166-4171	NN	denotes	joint
T1854	4182-4186	WDT	denotes	that
T1855	4195-4203	VBP	denotes	resemble
T1856	4187-4194	RB	denotes	closely
T1857	4204-4209	DT	denotes	those
T1858	4210-4214	VBN	denotes	seen
T1859	4215-4217	IN	denotes	in
T1860	4218-4222	NNS	denotes	mice
T1861	4223-4230	VBG	denotes	missing
T1862	4231-4235	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T1863	4236-4237	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1864	4237-4242	NNP	denotes	Storm
T1865	4243-4246	CC	denotes	and
T1866	4247-4255	NNP	denotes	Kingsley
T1867	4256-4260	CD	denotes	1996
T1868	4260-4261	:	denotes	;
T1869	4262-4266	NNP	denotes	Baur
T1870	4267-4269	FW	denotes	et
T1871	4270-4273	FW	denotes	al.
T1872	4274-4278	CD	denotes	2000
T1873	4278-4279	:	denotes	;
T1874	4280-4282	NNP	denotes	Yi
T1875	4283-4285	FW	denotes	et
T1876	4286-4289	FW	denotes	al.
T1877	4290-4294	CD	denotes	2000
T1878	4294-4295	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1879	4295-4296	.	denotes	.
T1880	4296-4480	sentence	denotes	Null mutations in Bmpr1a cause early embryonic lethality, with defects in gastrulation similar to those seen in mice with mutations in Bmp4 (Mishina et al. 1995; Winnier et al. 1995).
T1881	4297-4301	JJ	denotes	Null
T1882	4302-4311	NNS	denotes	mutations
T1883	4322-4327	VBP	denotes	cause
T1884	4312-4314	IN	denotes	in
T1885	4315-4321	NN	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1886	4328-4333	JJ	denotes	early
T1887	4344-4353	NN	denotes	lethality
T1888	4334-4343	JJ	denotes	embryonic
T1889	4353-4355	,	denotes	,
T1890	4355-4359	IN	denotes	with
T1891	4384-4391	JJ	denotes	similar
T1892	4360-4367	NNS	denotes	defects
T1893	4368-4370	IN	denotes	in
T1894	4371-4383	NN	denotes	gastrulation
T1895	4392-4394	IN	denotes	to
T1896	4395-4400	DT	denotes	those
T1897	4401-4405	VBN	denotes	seen
T1898	4406-4408	IN	denotes	in
T1899	4409-4413	NNS	denotes	mice
T1900	4414-4418	IN	denotes	with
T1901	4419-4428	NNS	denotes	mutations
T1902	4429-4431	IN	denotes	in
T1903	4432-4436	NN	denotes	Bmp4
T1904	4437-4438	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1905	4438-4445	NNP	denotes	Mishina
T1906	4446-4448	FW	denotes	et
T1907	4449-4452	FW	denotes	al.
T1908	4453-4457	CD	denotes	1995
T1909	4457-4458	:	denotes	;
T1910	4459-4466	NNP	denotes	Winnier
T1911	4467-4469	FW	denotes	et
T1912	4470-4473	FW	denotes	al.
T1913	4474-4478	CD	denotes	1995
T1914	4478-4479	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1915	4479-4480	.	denotes	.
T1916	4480-4672	sentence	denotes	Recent studies with floxed alleles suggest that Bmpr1a is also required for many later developmental events, but its roles in bone and joint formation have not yet been tested (Mishina 2003).
T1917	4481-4487	JJ	denotes	Recent
T1918	4488-4495	NNS	denotes	studies
T1919	4516-4523	VBP	denotes	suggest
T1920	4496-4500	IN	denotes	with
T1921	4501-4507	VBN	denotes	floxed
T1922	4508-4515	NNS	denotes	alleles
T1923	4524-4528	IN	denotes	that
T1924	4544-4552	VBN	denotes	required
T1925	4529-4535	NN	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1926	4536-4538	VBZ	denotes	is
T1927	4539-4543	RB	denotes	also
T1928	4553-4556	IN	denotes	for
T1929	4557-4561	JJ	denotes	many
T1930	4582-4588	NNS	denotes	events
T1931	4562-4567	JJ	denotes	later
T1932	4568-4581	JJ	denotes	developmental
T1933	4588-4590	,	denotes	,
T1934	4590-4593	CC	denotes	but
T1935	4594-4597	PRP$	denotes	its
T1936	4598-4603	NNS	denotes	roles
T1937	4650-4656	VBN	denotes	tested
T1938	4604-4606	IN	denotes	in
T1939	4607-4611	NN	denotes	bone
T1940	4622-4631	NN	denotes	formation
T1941	4612-4615	CC	denotes	and
T1942	4616-4621	NN	denotes	joint
T1943	4632-4636	VBP	denotes	have
T1944	4637-4640	RB	denotes	not
T1945	4641-4644	RB	denotes	yet
T1946	4645-4649	VBN	denotes	been
T1947	4657-4658	-LRB-	denotes	(
T1948	4658-4665	NNP	denotes	Mishina
T1949	4666-4670	CD	denotes	2003
T1950	4670-4671	-RRB-	denotes	)
T1951	4671-4672	.	denotes	.
T1952	4672-4841	sentence	denotes	A genetic system for activating or inactivating genes specifically in joint tissues would be particularly useful for further studies of joint formation and maintenance.
T1953	4673-4674	DT	denotes	A
T1954	4683-4689	NN	denotes	system
T1955	4675-4682	JJ	denotes	genetic
T1956	4763-4765	VB	denotes	be
T1957	4690-4693	IN	denotes	for
T1958	4694-4704	VBG	denotes	activating
T1959	4705-4707	CC	denotes	or
T1960	4708-4720	VBG	denotes	inactivating
T1961	4721-4726	NNS	denotes	genes
T1962	4727-4739	RB	denotes	specifically
T1963	4740-4742	IN	denotes	in
T1964	4743-4748	NN	denotes	joint
T1965	4749-4756	NNS	denotes	tissues
T1966	4757-4762	MD	denotes	would
T1967	4766-4778	RB	denotes	particularly
T1968	4779-4785	JJ	denotes	useful
T1969	4786-4789	IN	denotes	for
T1970	4790-4797	JJ	denotes	further
T1971	4798-4805	NNS	denotes	studies
T1972	4806-4808	IN	denotes	of
T1973	4809-4814	NN	denotes	joint
T1974	4815-4824	NN	denotes	formation
T1975	4825-4828	CC	denotes	and
T1976	4829-4840	NN	denotes	maintenance
T1977	4840-4841	.	denotes	.
T1978	4841-5043	sentence	denotes	Here we take advantage of the tissue-specific expression pattern of the Gdf5 gene to engineer a Cre/loxP system (Nagy 2000), Gdf5-Cre, that can be used to remove or ectopically express genes in joints.
T1979	4842-4846	RB	denotes	Here
T1980	4850-4854	VBP	denotes	take
T1981	4847-4849	PRP	denotes	we
T1982	4855-4864	NN	denotes	advantage
T1983	4865-4867	IN	denotes	of
T1984	4868-4871	DT	denotes	the
T1985	4899-4906	NN	denotes	pattern
T1986	4872-4878	NN	denotes	tissue
T1987	4879-4887	JJ	denotes	specific
T1988	4878-4879	HYPH	denotes	-
T1989	4888-4898	NN	denotes	expression
T1990	4907-4909	IN	denotes	of
T1991	4910-4913	DT	denotes	the
T1992	4919-4923	NN	denotes	gene
T1993	4914-4918	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T1994	4924-4926	TO	denotes	to
T1995	4927-4935	VB	denotes	engineer
T1996	4936-4937	DT	denotes	a
T1997	4947-4953	NN	denotes	system
T1998	4938-4941	NN	denotes	Cre
T1999	4942-4946	NN	denotes	loxP
T2000	4941-4942	HYPH	denotes	/
T2001	4954-4955	-LRB-	denotes	(
T2002	4955-4959	NNP	denotes	Nagy
T2003	4960-4964	CD	denotes	2000
T2004	4964-4965	-RRB-	denotes	)
T2005	4965-4967	,	denotes	,
T2006	4967-4971	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T2007	4972-4975	NN	denotes	Cre
T2008	4971-4972	HYPH	denotes	-
T2009	4975-4977	,	denotes	,
T2010	4977-4981	WDT	denotes	that
T2011	4989-4993	VBN	denotes	used
T2012	4982-4985	MD	denotes	can
T2013	4986-4988	VB	denotes	be
T2014	4994-4996	TO	denotes	to
T2015	4997-5003	VB	denotes	remove
T2016	5004-5006	CC	denotes	or
T2017	5007-5018	RB	denotes	ectopically
T2018	5019-5026	VB	denotes	express
T2019	5027-5032	NNS	denotes	genes
T2020	5033-5035	IN	denotes	in
T2021	5036-5042	NNS	denotes	joints
T2022	5042-5043	.	denotes	.
T2023	5043-5273	sentence	denotes	Tests with reporter mice show that this system is capable of modifying genes in all of the structures of the mature synovial joint, including the ligaments of the joint capsule, the synovial membrane, and the articular cartilage.
T2024	5044-5049	NNS	denotes	Tests
T2025	5069-5073	VBP	denotes	show
T2026	5050-5054	IN	denotes	with
T2027	5055-5063	NN	denotes	reporter
T2028	5064-5068	NNS	denotes	mice
T2029	5074-5078	IN	denotes	that
T2030	5091-5093	VBZ	denotes	is
T2031	5079-5083	DT	denotes	this
T2032	5084-5090	NN	denotes	system
T2033	5094-5101	JJ	denotes	capable
T2034	5102-5104	IN	denotes	of
T2035	5105-5114	VBG	denotes	modifying
T2036	5115-5120	NNS	denotes	genes
T2037	5121-5123	IN	denotes	in
T2038	5124-5127	DT	denotes	all
T2039	5128-5130	IN	denotes	of
T2040	5131-5134	DT	denotes	the
T2041	5135-5145	NNS	denotes	structures
T2042	5146-5148	IN	denotes	of
T2043	5149-5152	DT	denotes	the
T2044	5169-5174	NN	denotes	joint
T2045	5153-5159	JJ	denotes	mature
T2046	5160-5168	JJ	denotes	synovial
T2047	5174-5176	,	denotes	,
T2048	5176-5185	VBG	denotes	including
T2049	5186-5189	DT	denotes	the
T2050	5190-5199	NNS	denotes	ligaments
T2051	5200-5202	IN	denotes	of
T2052	5203-5206	DT	denotes	the
T2053	5213-5220	NN	denotes	capsule
T2054	5207-5212	NN	denotes	joint
T2055	5220-5222	,	denotes	,
T2056	5222-5225	DT	denotes	the
T2057	5235-5243	NN	denotes	membrane
T2058	5226-5234	JJ	denotes	synovial
T2059	5243-5245	,	denotes	,
T2060	5245-5248	CC	denotes	and
T2061	5249-5252	DT	denotes	the
T2062	5263-5272	NN	denotes	cartilage
T2063	5253-5262	JJ	denotes	articular
T2064	5272-5273	.	denotes	.
T2065	5273-5520	sentence	denotes	Gdf5-Cre recombination bypasses the early embryonic lethality of null mutations in Bmpr1a, and shows that this receptor is required for early joint formation at some locations and for initiation of programmed cell death in webbing between digits.
T2066	5274-5278	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T2067	5279-5282	NN	denotes	Cre
T2068	5278-5279	HYPH	denotes	-
T2069	5283-5296	NN	denotes	recombination
T2070	5297-5305	VBZ	denotes	bypasses
T2071	5306-5309	DT	denotes	the
T2072	5326-5335	NN	denotes	lethality
T2073	5310-5315	JJ	denotes	early
T2074	5316-5325	JJ	denotes	embryonic
T2075	5336-5338	IN	denotes	of
T2076	5339-5343	JJ	denotes	null
T2077	5344-5353	NNS	denotes	mutations
T2078	5354-5356	IN	denotes	in
T2079	5357-5363	NN	denotes	Bmpr1a
T2080	5363-5365	,	denotes	,
T2081	5365-5368	CC	denotes	and
T2082	5369-5374	VBZ	denotes	shows
T2083	5375-5379	IN	denotes	that
T2084	5397-5405	VBN	denotes	required
T2085	5380-5384	DT	denotes	this
T2086	5385-5393	NN	denotes	receptor
T2087	5394-5396	VBZ	denotes	is
T2088	5406-5409	IN	denotes	for
T2089	5410-5415	JJ	denotes	early
T2090	5422-5431	NN	denotes	formation
T2091	5416-5421	NN	denotes	joint
T2092	5432-5434	IN	denotes	at
T2093	5435-5439	DT	denotes	some
T2094	5440-5449	NNS	denotes	locations
T2095	5450-5453	CC	denotes	and
T2096	5454-5457	IN	denotes	for
T2097	5458-5468	NN	denotes	initiation
T2098	5469-5471	IN	denotes	of
T2099	5472-5482	VBN	denotes	programmed
T2100	5488-5493	NN	denotes	death
T2101	5483-5487	NN	denotes	cell
T2102	5494-5496	IN	denotes	in
T2103	5497-5504	VBG	denotes	webbing
T2104	5505-5512	IN	denotes	between
T2105	5513-5519	NNS	denotes	digits
T2106	5519-5520	.	denotes	.
T2107	5520-5641	sentence	denotes	Interestingly, Bmpr1a is also required for postnatal maintenance of articular cartilage throughout most of the skeleton.
T2108	5521-5534	RB	denotes	Interestingly
T2109	5543-5545	VBZ	denotes	is
T2110	5534-5536	,	denotes	,
T2111	5536-5542	NN	denotes	Bmpr1a
T2112	5546-5550	RB	denotes	also
T2113	5551-5559	VBN	denotes	required
T2114	5560-5563	IN	denotes	for
T2115	5564-5573	JJ	denotes	postnatal
T2116	5574-5585	NN	denotes	maintenance
T2117	5586-5588	IN	denotes	of
T2118	5589-5598	JJ	denotes	articular
T2119	5599-5608	NN	denotes	cartilage
T2120	5609-5619	IN	denotes	throughout
T2121	5620-5624	JJS	denotes	most
T2122	5625-5627	IN	denotes	of
T2123	5628-5631	DT	denotes	the
T2124	5632-5640	NN	denotes	skeleton
T2125	5640-5641	.	denotes	.
T2126	5641-5797	sentence	denotes	In Gdf5-Cre/Bmpr1afloxP mice, articular cartilage initially forms normally, but subsequently loses expression of several key cartilage markers after birth.
T2127	5642-5644	IN	denotes	In
T2128	5702-5707	VBZ	denotes	forms
T2129	5645-5649	NN	denotes	Gdf5
T2130	5650-5653	NN	denotes	Cre
T2131	5649-5650	HYPH	denotes	-
T2132	5666-5670	NNS	denotes	mice
T2133	5653-5654	HYPH	denotes	/
T2134	5654-5665	NN	denotes	Bmpr1afloxP
T2135	5670-5672	,	denotes	,
T2136	5672-5681	JJ	denotes	articular
T2137	5682-5691	NN	denotes	cartilage
T2138	5692-5701	RB	denotes	initially
T2139	5708-5716	RB	denotes	normally
T2140	5716-5718	,	denotes	,
T2141	5718-5721	CC	denotes	but
T2142	5722-5734	RB	denotes	subsequently
T2143	5735-5740	VBZ	denotes	loses
T2144	5741-5751	NN	denotes	expression
T2145	5752-5754	IN	denotes	of
T2146	5755-5762	JJ	denotes	several
T2147	5777-5784	NNS	denotes	markers
T2148	5763-5766	JJ	denotes	key
T2149	5767-5776	NN	denotes	cartilage
T2150	5785-5790	IN	denotes	after
T2151	5791-5796	NN	denotes	birth
T2152	5796-5797	.	denotes	.
T2153	5797-5897	sentence	denotes	It ultimately fibrillates and degenerates, resulting in severe osteoarthritis and loss of mobility.
T2154	5798-5800	PRP	denotes	It
T2155	5812-5823	VBZ	denotes	fibrillates
T2156	5801-5811	RB	denotes	ultimately
T2157	5824-5827	CC	denotes	and
T2158	5828-5839	VBZ	denotes	degenerates
T2159	5839-5841	,	denotes	,
T2160	5841-5850	VBG	denotes	resulting
T2161	5851-5853	IN	denotes	in
T2162	5854-5860	JJ	denotes	severe
T2163	5861-5875	NN	denotes	osteoarthritis
T2164	5876-5879	CC	denotes	and
T2165	5880-5884	NN	denotes	loss
T2166	5885-5887	IN	denotes	of
T2167	5888-5896	NN	denotes	mobility
T2168	5896-5897	.	denotes	.
T2169	5897-6105	sentence	denotes	These experiments suggest that BMP signaling is required for normal maintenance of postnatal articular cartilage, and that modulation of the BMP signaling pathway may play an important role in joint disease.
T2170	5898-5903	DT	denotes	These
T2171	5904-5915	NNS	denotes	experiments
T2172	5916-5923	VBP	denotes	suggest
T2173	5924-5928	IN	denotes	that
T2174	5946-5954	VBN	denotes	required
T2175	5929-5932	NN	denotes	BMP
T2176	5933-5942	NN	denotes	signaling
T2177	5943-5945	VBZ	denotes	is
T2178	5955-5958	IN	denotes	for
T2179	5959-5965	JJ	denotes	normal
T2180	5966-5977	NN	denotes	maintenance
T2181	5978-5980	IN	denotes	of
T2182	5981-5990	JJ	denotes	postnatal
T2183	6001-6010	NN	denotes	cartilage
T2184	5991-6000	JJ	denotes	articular
T2185	6010-6012	,	denotes	,
T2186	6012-6015	CC	denotes	and
T2187	6016-6020	IN	denotes	that
T2188	6065-6069	VB	denotes	play
T2189	6021-6031	NN	denotes	modulation
T2190	6032-6034	IN	denotes	of
T2191	6035-6038	DT	denotes	the
T2192	6053-6060	NN	denotes	pathway
T2193	6039-6042	NN	denotes	BMP
T2194	6043-6052	NN	denotes	signaling
T2195	6061-6064	MD	denotes	may
T2196	6070-6072	DT	denotes	an
T2197	6083-6087	NN	denotes	role
T2198	6073-6082	JJ	denotes	important
T2199	6088-6090	IN	denotes	in
T2200	6091-6096	NN	denotes	joint
T2201	6097-6104	NN	denotes	disease
T2202	6104-6105	.	denotes	.
R360	T1083	T1084	amod	Thin,layers
R361	T1084	T1085	nsubj	layers,line
R362	T1086	T1084	prep	of,layers
R363	T1087	T1088	amod	articular,cartilage
R364	T1088	T1086	pobj	cartilage,of
R365	T1089	T1090	det	the,bones
R366	T1090	T1085	dobj	bones,line
R367	T1091	T1090	prep	of,bones
R368	T1092	T1093	amod	synovial,joints
R369	T1093	T1091	pobj	joints,of
R370	T1094	T1085	cc	and,line
R371	T1095	T1085	conj	provide,line
R372	T1096	T1097	det	a,structure
R373	T1097	T1095	dobj	structure,provide
R374	T1098	T1097	amod	smooth,structure
R375	T1099	T1097	punct	", ",structure
R376	T1100	T1101	npadvmod	wear,resistant
R377	T1101	T1097	amod	resistant,structure
R378	T1102	T1101	punct	-,resistant
R379	T1103	T1104	dep	that,reduces
R380	T1104	T1097	relcl	reduces,structure
R381	T1105	T1104	dobj	friction,reduces
R382	T1106	T1104	cc	and,reduces
R383	T1107	T1104	conj	absorbs,reduces
R384	T1108	T1109	compound	impact,forces
R385	T1109	T1107	dobj	forces,absorbs
R386	T1110	T1111	punct	(,Brandt
R387	T1111	T1095	meta	Brandt,provide
R388	T1112	T1111	nmod	et,Brandt
R389	T1113	T1111	nmod	al.,Brandt
R390	T1114	T1111	nummod	1998,Brandt
R391	T1115	T1111	punct	),Brandt
R392	T1116	T1085	punct	.,line
R393	T1118	T1119	nsubj	Loss,is
R394	T1120	T1118	cc	or,Loss
R395	T1121	T1118	conj	damage,Loss
R396	T1122	T1121	prep	to,damage
R397	T1123	T1124	amod	articular,cartilage
R398	T1124	T1122	pobj	cartilage,to
R399	T1125	T1126	det	a,hallmark
R400	T1126	T1119	attr	hallmark,is
R401	T1127	T1126	prep	of,hallmark
R402	T1128	T1129	amod	arthritic,diseases
R403	T1129	T1127	pobj	diseases,of
R404	T1130	T1119	cc	and,is
R405	T1131	T1119	conj	is,is
R406	T1132	T1131	attr	one,is
R407	T1133	T1132	prep	of,one
R408	T1134	T1135	det	the,reasons
R409	T1135	T1133	pobj	reasons,of
R410	T1136	T1137	advmod	most,common
R411	T1137	T1135	amod	common,reasons
R412	T1138	T1139	mark	that,seek
R413	T1139	T1135	acl	seek,reasons
R414	T1140	T1141	preconj	both,young
R415	T1141	T1142	amod	young,adults
R416	T1142	T1139	nsubj	adults,seek
R417	T1143	T1141	cc	and,young
R418	T1144	T1141	conj	old,young
R419	T1145	T1146	amod	medical,care
R420	T1146	T1139	dobj	care,seek
R421	T1147	T1119	punct	.,is
R422	T1149	T1150	nsubj	Millions,are
R423	T1151	T1149	prep	of,Millions
R424	T1152	T1151	pobj	people,of
R425	T1153	T1150	acomp	afflicted,are
R426	T1154	T1153	prep	with,afflicted
R427	T1155	T1154	pobj	arthritis,with
R428	T1156	T1150	punct	", ",are
R429	T1157	T1150	cc	and,are
R430	T1158	T1159	nsubj	it,affects
R431	T1159	T1150	conj	affects,are
R432	T1160	T1159	advmod	ultimately,affects
R433	T1161	T1162	amod	more,half
R434	T1162	T1159	dobj	half,affects
R435	T1163	T1162	quantmod	than,half
R436	T1164	T1162	prep	of,half
R437	T1165	T1164	pobj	people,of
R438	T1166	T1165	prep	over,people
R439	T1167	T1168	det	the,age
R440	T1168	T1166	pobj	age,over
R441	T1169	T1168	prep	of,age
R442	T1170	T1169	pobj	65,of
R443	T1171	T1172	punct	(,Badley
R444	T1172	T1159	parataxis	Badley,affects
R445	T1173	T1172	nummod	1995,Badley
R446	T1174	T1172	punct	;,Badley
R447	T1175	T1172	conj	Yelin,Badley
R448	T1176	T1175	cc	and,Yelin
R449	T1177	T1175	conj	Callahan,Yelin
R450	T1178	T1177	nummod	1995,Callahan
R451	T1179	T1172	punct	),Badley
R452	T1180	T1159	punct	.,affects
R453	T1182	T1183	det	A,understanding
R454	T1183	T1185	nsubj	understanding,is
R455	T1184	T1183	amod	better,understanding
R456	T1186	T1183	prep	of,understanding
R457	T1187	T1188	det	the,mechanisms
R458	T1188	T1186	pobj	mechanisms,of
R459	T1189	T1188	amod	molecular,mechanisms
R460	T1190	T1191	dep	that,create
R461	T1191	T1188	relcl	create,mechanisms
R462	T1192	T1191	cc	and,create
R463	T1193	T1191	conj	maintain,create
R464	T1194	T1195	amod	articular,cartilage
R465	T1195	T1193	dobj	cartilage,maintain
R466	T1196	T1185	acomp	crucial,is
R467	T1197	T1196	prep	for,crucial
R468	T1198	T1197	pcomp	discovering,for
R469	T1199	T1200	det	the,causes
R470	T1200	T1198	dobj	causes,discovering
R471	T1201	T1200	prep	of,causes
R472	T1202	T1203	compound	joint,disorders
R473	T1203	T1201	pobj	disorders,of
R474	T1204	T1198	cc	and,discovering
R475	T1205	T1198	conj	providing,discovering
R476	T1206	T1207	amod	useful,treatments
R477	T1207	T1205	dobj	treatments,providing
R478	T1208	T1207	amod	medical,treatments
R479	T1209	T1185	punct	.,is
R480	T1211	T1212	compound	Joint,formation
R481	T1212	T1213	nsubj	formation,begins
R482	T1214	T1213	prep	during,begins
R483	T1215	T1214	pobj	embryogenesis,during
R484	T1216	T1215	punct	", ",embryogenesis
R485	T1217	T1218	advmod	when,form
R486	T1218	T1215	relcl	form,embryogenesis
R487	T1219	T1218	nsubj	stripes,form
R488	T1220	T1219	prep	of,stripes
R489	T1221	T1222	amod	high,density
R490	T1222	T1220	pobj	density,of
R491	T1223	T1222	compound	cell,density
R492	T1224	T1219	acl	called,stripes
R493	T1225	T1224	oprd	interzones,called
R494	T1226	T1218	prep	across,form
R495	T1227	T1228	amod	developing,precursors
R496	T1228	T1226	pobj	precursors,across
R497	T1229	T1228	amod	skeletal,precursors
R498	T1230	T1231	punct	(,Haines
R499	T1231	T1213	meta	Haines,begins
R500	T1232	T1231	nummod	1947,Haines
R501	T1233	T1231	punct	),Haines
R502	T1234	T1213	punct	.,begins
R503	T1236	T1237	amod	Programmed,death
R504	T1237	T1239	nsubj	death,occurs
R505	T1238	T1237	compound	cell,death
R506	T1240	T1239	prep	within,occurs
R507	T1241	T1242	det	the,interzone
R508	T1242	T1240	pobj	interzone,within
R509	T1243	T1239	punct	", ",occurs
R510	T1244	T1239	cc	and,occurs
R511	T1245	T1246	det	a,interzone
R512	T1246	T1250	nsubj	interzone,forms
R513	T1247	T1248	advmod	three,layered
R514	T1248	T1246	amod	layered,interzone
R515	T1249	T1248	punct	-,layered
R516	T1250	T1239	conj	forms,occurs
R517	T1251	T1252	dep	that,has
R518	T1252	T1250	ccomp	has,forms
R519	T1253	T1254	nummod	two,layers
R520	T1254	T1252	dobj	layers,has
R521	T1255	T1254	prep	of,layers
R522	T1256	T1257	amod	higher,density
R523	T1257	T1255	pobj	density,of
R524	T1258	T1257	compound	cell,density
R525	T1259	T1254	acl	flanking,layers
R526	T1260	T1261	det	a,region
R527	T1261	T1259	dobj	region,flanking
R528	T1262	T1261	prep	of,region
R529	T1263	T1264	amod	lower,density
R530	T1264	T1262	pobj	density,of
R531	T1265	T1264	compound	cell,density
R532	T1266	T1250	punct	.,forms
R533	T1268	T1269	compound	Non-joint,precursors
R534	T1269	T1270	nsubj	precursors,develop
R535	T1271	T1269	prep	of,precursors
R536	T1272	T1273	det	the,skeleton
R537	T1273	T1271	pobj	skeleton,of
R538	T1274	T1270	advmod	typically,develop
R539	T1275	T1270	prep	into,develop
R540	T1276	T1275	pobj	cartilage,into
R541	T1277	T1276	punct	", ",cartilage
R542	T1278	T1279	dep	which,hypertrophies
R543	T1279	T1276	relcl	hypertrophies,cartilage
R544	T1280	T1279	cc	and,hypertrophies
R545	T1281	T1282	auxpass	is,replaced
R546	T1282	T1279	conj	replaced,hypertrophies
R547	T1283	T1282	agent	by,replaced
R548	T1284	T1283	pobj	bone,by
R549	T1285	T1270	punct	.,develop
R550	T1287	T1288	advmod	However,excluded
R551	T1289	T1288	punct	", ",excluded
R552	T1290	T1288	nsubjpass	cells,excluded
R553	T1291	T1290	prep	within,cells
R554	T1292	T1293	det	the,layers
R555	T1293	T1291	pobj	layers,within
R556	T1294	T1295	amod	high,density
R557	T1295	T1293	compound	density,layers
R558	T1296	T1295	punct	-,density
R559	T1297	T1293	prep	of,layers
R560	T1298	T1299	det	the,interzone
R561	T1299	T1297	pobj	interzone,of
R562	T1300	T1288	auxpass	are,excluded
R563	T1301	T1288	prep	from,excluded
R564	T1302	T1303	det	this,process
R565	T1303	T1301	pobj	process,from
R566	T1304	T1288	cc	and,excluded
R567	T1305	T1288	conj	develop,excluded
R568	T1306	T1305	prep	into,develop
R569	T1307	T1308	det	the,layers
R570	T1308	T1306	pobj	layers,into
R571	T1309	T1308	amod	permanent,layers
R572	T1310	T1308	prep	of,layers
R573	T1311	T1312	amod	articular,cartilage
R574	T1312	T1310	pobj	cartilage,of
R575	T1313	T1308	acl	found,layers
R576	T1314	T1313	prep	in,found
R577	T1315	T1316	det	the,joint
R578	T1316	T1314	pobj	joint,in
R579	T1317	T1316	amod	mature,joint
R580	T1318	T1319	punct	(,Mitrovic
R581	T1319	T1305	meta	Mitrovic,develop
R582	T1320	T1319	nummod	1978,Mitrovic
R583	T1321	T1319	punct	),Mitrovic
R584	T1322	T1288	punct	.,excluded
R585	T1324	T1325	nsubj	Studies,begun
R586	T1326	T1324	prep	over,Studies
R587	T1327	T1328	det	the,y
R588	T1328	T1326	pobj	y,over
R589	T1329	T1328	amod	last,y
R590	T1330	T1328	nummod	10,y
R591	T1331	T1325	aux	have,begun
R592	T1332	T1333	aux	to,elucidate
R593	T1333	T1325	xcomp	elucidate,begun
R594	T1334	T1333	dobj	some,elucidate
R595	T1335	T1334	prep	of,some
R596	T1336	T1337	det	the,pathways
R597	T1337	T1335	pobj	pathways,of
R598	T1338	T1337	compound	signaling,pathways
R599	T1339	T1340	dep	that,contribute
R600	T1340	T1337	relcl	contribute,pathways
R601	T1341	T1340	prep	to,contribute
R602	T1342	T1343	det	the,stages
R603	T1343	T1341	pobj	stages,to
R604	T1344	T1343	amod	early,stages
R605	T1345	T1343	prep	of,stages
R606	T1346	T1347	compound	joint,formation
R607	T1347	T1345	pobj	formation,of
R608	T1348	T1325	punct	.,begun
R609	T1350	T1351	nsubjpass	Wnt14,expressed
R610	T1352	T1351	auxpass	is,expressed
R611	T1353	T1351	prep	in,expressed
R612	T1354	T1353	pobj	stripes,in
R613	T1355	T1351	prep	at,expressed
R614	T1356	T1357	det	the,sites
R615	T1357	T1355	pobj	sites,at
R616	T1358	T1359	advmod	where,form
R617	T1359	T1357	relcl	form,sites
R618	T1360	T1359	nsubj	joints,form
R619	T1361	T1359	aux	will,form
R620	T1362	T1351	punct	", ",expressed
R621	T1363	T1351	cc	and,expressed
R622	T1364	T1365	nsubj	it,is
R623	T1365	T1351	conj	is,expressed
R624	T1366	T1365	acomp	capable,is
R625	T1367	T1366	prep	of,capable
R626	T1368	T1367	pcomp	inducing,of
R627	T1369	T1368	dobj	expression,inducing
R628	T1370	T1369	prep	of,expression
R629	T1371	T1372	amod	other,markers
R630	T1372	T1370	pobj	markers,of
R631	T1373	T1372	compound	joint,markers
R632	T1374	T1375	advmod	when,misexpressed
R633	T1375	T1365	advcl	misexpressed,is
R634	T1376	T1375	prep	at,misexpressed
R635	T1377	T1378	amod	new,locations
R636	T1378	T1376	pobj	locations,at
R637	T1379	T1378	prep	in,locations
R638	T1380	T1381	det	the,limb
R639	T1381	T1379	pobj	limb,in
R640	T1382	T1383	punct	(,Hartmann
R641	T1383	T1365	meta	Hartmann,is
R642	T1384	T1383	cc	and,Hartmann
R643	T1385	T1383	conj	Tabin,Hartmann
R644	T1386	T1385	nummod	2001,Tabin
R645	T1387	T1385	punct	),Tabin
R646	T1388	T1365	punct	.,is
R647	T1390	T1391	amod	Several,members
R648	T1391	T1392	nsubjpass	members,expressed
R649	T1393	T1391	prep	of,members
R650	T1394	T1395	det	the,family
R651	T1395	T1393	pobj	family,of
R652	T1396	T1397	nmod	bone,protein
R653	T1397	T1395	nmod	protein,family
R654	T1398	T1397	amod	morphogenetic,protein
R655	T1399	T1400	punct	(,BMP
R656	T1400	T1397	appos	BMP,protein
R657	T1401	T1400	punct	),BMP
R658	T1402	T1395	prep	of,family
R659	T1403	T1404	amod	secreted,molecules
R660	T1404	T1402	pobj	molecules,of
R661	T1405	T1404	compound	signaling,molecules
R662	T1406	T1392	auxpass	are,expressed
R663	T1407	T1392	advmod	also,expressed
R664	T1408	T1392	prep	in,expressed
R665	T1409	T1408	pobj	stripes,in
R666	T1410	T1392	prep	at,expressed
R667	T1411	T1410	pobj	sites,at
R668	T1412	T1413	advmod	where,form
R669	T1413	T1411	relcl	form,sites
R670	T1414	T1413	nsubj	joints,form
R671	T1415	T1413	aux	will,form
R672	T1416	T1411	punct	", ",sites
R673	T1417	T1411	prep	including,sites
R674	T1418	T1417	pobj	those,including
R675	T1419	T1418	acl	encoded,those
R676	T1420	T1419	agent	by,encoded
R677	T1421	T1422	det	the,genes
R678	T1422	T1420	pobj	genes,by
R679	T1423	T1422	appos	Gdf5,genes
R680	T1424	T1423	punct	", ",Gdf5
R681	T1425	T1423	conj	Gdf6,Gdf5
R682	T1426	T1425	punct	", ",Gdf6
R683	T1427	T1425	conj	Gdf7,Gdf6
R684	T1428	T1427	punct	", ",Gdf7
R685	T1429	T1427	conj	Bmp2,Gdf7
R686	T1430	T1429	punct	", ",Bmp2
R687	T1431	T1429	cc	and,Bmp2
R688	T1432	T1429	conj	Bmp4,Bmp2
R689	T1433	T1434	punct	(,Storm
R690	T1434	T1392	meta	Storm,expressed
R691	T1435	T1434	cc	and,Storm
R692	T1436	T1434	conj	Kingsley,Storm
R693	T1437	T1436	nummod	1996,Kingsley
R694	T1438	T1436	punct	;,Kingsley
R695	T1439	T1436	conj	Wolfman,Kingsley
R696	T1440	T1439	nmod	et,Wolfman
R697	T1441	T1439	nmod	al.,Wolfman
R698	T1442	T1439	nummod	1997,Wolfman
R699	T1443	T1439	punct	;,Wolfman
R700	T1444	T1439	conj	Francis,Wolfman
R701	T1445	T1444	punct	-,Francis
R702	T1446	T1444	nmod	West,Francis
R703	T1447	T1444	nmod	et,Francis
R704	T1448	T1444	nmod	al.,Francis
R705	T1449	T1444	nummod	1999,Francis
R706	T1450	T1444	punct	;,Francis
R707	T1451	T1444	conj	Settle,Francis
R708	T1452	T1451	nmod	et,Settle
R709	T1453	T1451	nmod	al.,Settle
R710	T1454	T1451	nummod	2003,Settle
R711	T1455	T1451	punct	),Settle
R712	T1456	T1392	punct	.,expressed
R713	T1458	T1459	prep	Of,is
R714	T1460	T1458	pobj	these,Of
R715	T1461	T1459	punct	", ",is
R716	T1462	T1463	compound	Gdf5,expression
R717	T1463	T1459	nsubj	expression,is
R718	T1464	T1465	advmod	most,strikingly
R719	T1465	T1466	advmod	strikingly,limited
R720	T1466	T1459	acomp	limited,is
R721	T1467	T1466	prep	to,limited
R722	T1468	T1467	pobj	regions,to
R723	T1469	T1470	advmod	where,develop
R724	T1470	T1468	relcl	develop,regions
R725	T1471	T1470	nsubj	joints,develop
R726	T1472	T1470	aux	will,develop
R727	T1473	T1459	cc	and,is
R728	T1474	T1459	conj	is,is
R729	T1475	T1474	attr	one,is
R730	T1476	T1475	prep	of,one
R731	T1477	T1478	det	the,markers
R732	T1478	T1476	pobj	markers,of
R733	T1479	T1480	amod	earliest,known
R734	T1480	T1478	amod	known,markers
R735	T1481	T1478	prep	of,markers
R736	T1482	T1483	compound	joint,formation
R737	T1483	T1481	pobj	formation,of
R738	T1484	T1459	punct	.,is
R739	T1486	T1487	nsubj	Mutations,block
R740	T1488	T1486	prep	in,Mutations
R741	T1489	T1490	preconj	either,Gdf5
R742	T1490	T1488	pobj	Gdf5,in
R743	T1491	T1490	cc	or,Gdf5
R744	T1492	T1493	det	the,gene
R745	T1493	T1490	conj	gene,Gdf5
R746	T1494	T1495	advmod	closely,related
R747	T1495	T1493	amod	related,gene
R748	T1496	T1493	compound	Gdf6,gene
R749	T1497	T1487	advmod	also,block
R750	T1498	T1487	dobj	formation,block
R751	T1499	T1498	prep	of,formation
R752	T1500	T1499	pobj	joints,of
R753	T1501	T1498	prep	at,formation
R754	T1502	T1503	amod	specific,locations
R755	T1503	T1501	pobj	locations,at
R756	T1504	T1487	punct	", ",block
R757	T1505	T1487	advcl	providing,block
R758	T1506	T1507	amod	strong,evidence
R759	T1507	T1505	dobj	evidence,providing
R760	T1508	T1509	mark	that,are
R761	T1509	T1507	acl	are,evidence
R762	T1510	T1511	det	these,molecules
R763	T1511	T1509	nsubj	molecules,are
R764	T1512	T1509	acomp	essential,are
R765	T1513	T1512	prep	for,essential
R766	T1514	T1515	det	the,process
R767	T1515	T1513	pobj	process,for
R768	T1516	T1517	compound	joint,formation
R769	T1517	T1515	compound	formation,process
R770	T1518	T1519	punct	(,Storm
R771	T1519	T1487	meta	Storm,block
R772	T1520	T1519	nmod	et,Storm
R773	T1521	T1519	nmod	al.,Storm
R774	T1522	T1519	nummod	1994,Storm
R775	T1523	T1519	punct	;,Storm
R776	T1524	T1519	nmod	Settle,Storm
R777	T1525	T1519	nmod	et,Storm
R778	T1526	T1519	nmod	al.,Storm
R779	T1527	T1519	nummod	2003,Storm
R780	T1528	T1519	punct	),Storm
R781	T1529	T1487	punct	.,block
R782	T1531	T1532	advmod	However,cause
R783	T1533	T1532	punct	", ",cause
R784	T1534	T1532	nsubj	mutations,cause
R785	T1535	T1534	prep	in,mutations
R786	T1536	T1535	pobj	Bmp2,in
R787	T1537	T1536	cc	or,Bmp2
R788	T1538	T1536	conj	Bmp4,Bmp2
R789	T1539	T1540	amod	early,lethality
R790	T1540	T1532	dobj	lethality,cause
R791	T1541	T1540	amod	embryonic,lethality
R792	T1542	T1532	punct	", ",cause
R793	T1543	T1532	advcl	making,cause
R794	T1544	T1545	nsubj	it,difficult
R795	T1545	T1543	ccomp	difficult,making
R796	T1546	T1547	aux	to,test
R797	T1547	T1545	advcl	test,difficult
R798	T1548	T1549	poss	their,role
R799	T1549	T1547	dobj	role,test
R800	T1550	T1549	prep	in,role
R801	T1551	T1552	compound	joint,formation
R802	T1552	T1550	pobj	formation,in
R803	T1553	T1554	punct	(,Winnier
R804	T1554	T1532	meta	Winnier,cause
R805	T1555	T1554	nmod	et,Winnier
R806	T1556	T1554	nmod	al.,Winnier
R807	T1557	T1554	nummod	1995,Winnier
R808	T1558	T1554	punct	;,Winnier
R809	T1559	T1554	conj	Zhang,Winnier
R810	T1560	T1559	cc	and,Zhang
R811	T1561	T1559	conj	Bradley,Zhang
R812	T1562	T1561	nummod	1996,Bradley
R813	T1563	T1561	punct	),Bradley
R814	T1564	T1532	punct	.,cause
R815	T1566	T1567	advmod	Much,less
R816	T1567	T1568	nsubjpass	less,known
R817	T1569	T1568	auxpass	is,known
R818	T1570	T1568	prep	about,known
R819	T1571	T1572	advmod	how,function
R820	T1572	T1570	pcomp	function,about
R821	T1573	T1574	compound	signaling,pathways
R822	T1574	T1572	nsubj	pathways,function
R823	T1575	T1572	prep	during,function
R824	T1576	T1577	det	the,maturation
R825	T1577	T1575	pobj	maturation,during
R826	T1578	T1577	amod	subsequent,maturation
R827	T1579	T1577	cc	and,maturation
R828	T1580	T1577	conj	maintenance,maturation
R829	T1581	T1577	prep	of,maturation
R830	T1582	T1583	compound	adult,structures
R831	T1583	T1581	pobj	structures,of
R832	T1584	T1583	compound	joint,structures
R833	T1585	T1568	punct	.,known
R834	T1587	T1588	advmod	Importantly,are
R835	T1589	T1588	punct	", ",are
R836	T1590	T1591	compound	BMP,signaling
R837	T1591	T1592	compound	signaling,components
R838	T1592	T1588	nsubj	components,are
R839	T1593	T1588	acomp	present,are
R840	T1594	T1588	prep	in,are
R841	T1595	T1596	nmod	adult,cartilage
R842	T1596	T1594	pobj	cartilage,in
R843	T1597	T1596	amod	articular,cartilage
R844	T1598	T1588	punct	", ",are
R845	T1599	T1588	advcl	suggesting,are
R846	T1600	T1601	mark	that,function
R847	T1601	T1599	ccomp	function,suggesting
R848	T1602	T1601	nsubj	they,function
R849	T1603	T1601	aux	may,function
R850	T1604	T1601	prep	during,function
R851	T1605	T1606	det	the,development
R852	T1606	T1604	pobj	development,during
R853	T1607	T1606	amod	late,development
R854	T1608	T1606	cc	or,development
R855	T1609	T1606	conj	maintenance,development
R856	T1610	T1606	prep	of,development
R857	T1611	T1612	det	this,structure
R858	T1612	T1610	pobj	structure,of
R859	T1613	T1612	amod	critical,structure
R860	T1614	T1615	punct	(,Erlacher
R861	T1615	T1588	meta	Erlacher,are
R862	T1616	T1615	nmod	et,Erlacher
R863	T1617	T1615	nmod	al.,Erlacher
R864	T1618	T1615	nummod	1998,Erlacher
R865	T1619	T1615	punct	;,Erlacher
R866	T1620	T1615	nmod	Chubinskaya,Erlacher
R867	T1621	T1615	nmod	et,Erlacher
R868	T1622	T1615	nmod	al.,Erlacher
R869	T1623	T1615	nummod	2000,Erlacher
R870	T1624	T1615	punct	;,Erlacher
R871	T1625	T1615	nmod	Muehleman,Erlacher
R872	T1626	T1615	nmod	et,Erlacher
R873	T1627	T1615	nmod	al.,Erlacher
R874	T1628	T1615	nummod	2002,Erlacher
R875	T1629	T1615	punct	;,Erlacher
R876	T1630	T1615	nmod	Bau,Erlacher
R877	T1631	T1615	nmod	et,Erlacher
R878	T1632	T1615	nmod	al.,Erlacher
R879	T1633	T1615	nummod	2002,Erlacher
R880	T1634	T1615	punct	;,Erlacher
R881	T1635	T1615	nmod	Bobacz,Erlacher
R882	T1636	T1615	nmod	et,Erlacher
R883	T1637	T1615	nmod	al.,Erlacher
R884	T1638	T1615	nummod	2003,Erlacher
R885	T1639	T1615	punct	),Erlacher
R886	T1640	T1588	punct	.,are
R887	T1642	T1643	nsubj	BMPs,bind
R888	T1644	T1645	amod	tetrameric,complexes
R889	T1645	T1643	dobj	complexes,bind
R890	T1646	T1645	prep	of,complexes
R891	T1647	T1648	nummod	two,type
R892	T1648	T1646	pobj	type,of
R893	T1649	T1648	nummod	I,type
R894	T1650	T1648	cc	and,type
R895	T1651	T1652	nummod	two,type
R896	T1652	T1653	nmod	type,receptors
R897	T1653	T1648	conj	receptors,type
R898	T1654	T1652	nummod	II,type
R899	T1655	T1653	amod	transmembrane,receptors
R900	T1656	T1657	compound	serine,threonine
R901	T1657	T1653	compound	threonine,receptors
R902	T1658	T1657	punct	-,threonine
R903	T1659	T1653	compound	kinase,receptors
R904	T1660	T1643	punct	.,bind
R905	T1662	T1663	prep	Upon,transduce
R906	T1664	T1665	compound	BMP,binding
R907	T1665	T1662	pobj	binding,Upon
R908	T1666	T1663	punct	", ",transduce
R909	T1667	T1668	det	these,complexes
R910	T1668	T1663	nsubj	complexes,transduce
R911	T1669	T1670	det	a,signal
R912	T1670	T1663	dobj	signal,transduce
R913	T1671	T1663	prep	by,transduce
R914	T1672	T1671	pcomp	phosphorylating,by
R915	T1673	T1672	dobj	members,phosphorylating
R916	T1674	T1673	prep	of,members
R917	T1675	T1676	det	the,family
R918	T1676	T1674	pobj	family,of
R919	T1677	T1676	compound	Smad,family
R920	T1678	T1676	prep	of,family
R921	T1679	T1680	compound	transcription,factors
R922	T1680	T1678	pobj	factors,of
R923	T1681	T1682	punct	(,Massague
R924	T1682	T1663	meta	Massague,transduce
R925	T1683	T1682	nummod	1996,Massague
R926	T1684	T1682	punct	),Massague
R927	T1685	T1663	punct	.,transduce
R928	T1687	T1688	amod	Recent,experiments
R929	T1688	T1689	nsubj	experiments,implicated
R930	T1690	T1689	aux	have,implicated
R931	T1691	T1692	nummod	two,receptors
R932	T1692	T1689	dative	receptors,implicated
R933	T1693	T1692	amod	different,receptors
R934	T1694	T1692	nmod	BMP,receptors
R935	T1695	T1692	nmod	type,receptors
R936	T1696	T1695	nummod	I,type
R937	T1697	T1689	prep	in,implicated
R938	T1698	T1699	amod	skeletal,patterning
R939	T1699	T1697	pobj	patterning,in
R940	T1700	T1689	punct	", ",implicated
R941	T1701	T1689	dobj	BMPR1A,implicated
R942	T1702	T1701	cc	and,BMPR1A
R943	T1703	T1701	conj	BMPR1B,BMPR1A
R944	T1704	T1689	punct	.,implicated
R945	T1706	T1707	det	Both,receptors
R946	T1707	T1708	nsubj	receptors,bind
R947	T1709	T1708	aux	can,bind
R948	T1710	T1708	dobj	BMP2,bind
R949	T1711	T1710	punct	", ",BMP2
R950	T1712	T1710	conj	BMP4,BMP2
R951	T1713	T1712	punct	", ",BMP4
R952	T1714	T1712	cc	and,BMP4
R953	T1715	T1712	conj	GDF5,BMP4
R954	T1716	T1708	punct	", ",bind
R955	T1717	T1718	mark	although,shows
R956	T1718	T1708	advcl	shows,bind
R957	T1719	T1718	nsubj	GDF5,shows
R958	T1720	T1721	amod	higher,affinity
R959	T1721	T1718	dobj	affinity,shows
R960	T1722	T1721	prep	for,affinity
R961	T1723	T1722	pobj	BMPR1B,for
R962	T1724	T1725	punct	(,Koenig
R963	T1725	T1708	meta	Koenig,bind
R964	T1726	T1725	nmod	et,Koenig
R965	T1727	T1725	nmod	al.,Koenig
R966	T1728	T1725	nummod	1994,Koenig
R967	T1729	T1725	punct	;,Koenig
R968	T1730	T1725	nmod	ten,Koenig
R969	T1731	T1725	nmod	Dijke,Koenig
R970	T1732	T1725	nmod	et,Koenig
R971	T1733	T1725	nmod	al.,Koenig
R972	T1734	T1725	nummod	1994,Koenig
R973	T1735	T1725	punct	;,Koenig
R974	T1736	T1725	nmod	Yamaji,Koenig
R975	T1737	T1725	nmod	et,Koenig
R976	T1738	T1725	nmod	al.,Koenig
R977	T1739	T1725	nummod	1994,Koenig
R978	T1740	T1725	punct	;,Koenig
R979	T1741	T1725	nmod	Nishitoh,Koenig
R980	T1742	T1725	nmod	et,Koenig
R981	T1743	T1725	nmod	al.,Koenig
R982	T1744	T1725	nummod	1996,Koenig
R983	T1745	T1725	punct	;,Koenig
R984	T1746	T1725	nmod	Chalaux,Koenig
R985	T1747	T1725	nmod	et,Koenig
R986	T1748	T1725	nmod	al.,Koenig
R987	T1749	T1725	nummod	1998,Koenig
R988	T1750	T1725	punct	),Koenig
R989	T1751	T1708	punct	.,bind
R990	T1753	T1754	det	Both,receptors
R991	T1754	T1755	nsubjpass	receptors,expressed
R992	T1756	T1755	auxpass	are,expressed
R993	T1757	T1755	advmod	also,expressed
R994	T1758	T1755	prep	in,expressed
R995	T1759	T1760	amod	dynamic,patterns
R996	T1760	T1758	pobj	patterns,in
R997	T1802	T1801	amod	precartilaginous,cells
R998	T1761	T1755	prep	during,expressed
R999	T1803	T1801	amod	mesenchymal,cells
R1000	T1762	T1763	amod	normal,development
R1001	T1804	T1801	punct	", ",cells
R1002	T1805	T1801	appos	regions,cells
R1003	T1763	T1761	pobj	development,during
R1004	T1806	T1805	acl	flanking,regions
R1005	T1807	T1808	compound	joint,interzones
R1006	T1764	T1755	punct	.,expressed
R1007	T1808	T1806	dobj	interzones,flanking
R1008	T1809	T1808	punct	", ",interzones
R1009	T1810	T1808	conj	perichondrium,interzones
R1010	T1766	T1767	prep	In,becomes
R1011	T1811	T1810	punct	", ",perichondrium
R1012	T1812	T1810	cc	and,perichondrium
R1013	T1813	T1814	amod	periarticular,cartilage
R1014	T1814	T1810	conj	cartilage,perichondrium
R1015	T1768	T1766	pobj	limbs,In
R1016	T1815	T1816	punct	(,Dewulf
R1017	T1816	T1792	meta	Dewulf,seen
R1018	T1817	T1816	nmod	et,Dewulf
R1019	T1818	T1816	nmod	al.,Dewulf
R1020	T1769	T1767	punct	", ",becomes
R1021	T1819	T1816	nummod	1995,Dewulf
R1022	T1820	T1816	punct	;,Dewulf
R1023	T1770	T1771	compound	Bmpr1a,expression
R1024	T1821	T1816	nmod	Mishina,Dewulf
R1025	T1822	T1816	nmod	et,Dewulf
R1026	T1823	T1816	nmod	al.,Dewulf
R1027	T1771	T1767	nsubj	expression,becomes
R1028	T1824	T1816	nummod	1995,Dewulf
R1029	T1825	T1816	punct	;,Dewulf
R1030	T1826	T1816	nmod	Zou,Dewulf
R1031	T1772	T1767	oprd	restricted,becomes
R1032	T1827	T1816	nmod	et,Dewulf
R1033	T1828	T1816	nmod	al.,Dewulf
R1034	T1829	T1816	nummod	1997,Dewulf
R1035	T1830	T1816	punct	;,Dewulf
R1036	T1831	T1816	nmod	Baur,Dewulf
R1037	T1773	T1772	prep	to,restricted
R1038	T1832	T1816	nmod	et,Dewulf
R1039	T1833	T1816	nmod	al.,Dewulf
R1040	T1834	T1816	nummod	2000,Dewulf
R1041	T1774	T1775	compound	joint,interzones
R1042	T1835	T1816	punct	),Dewulf
R1043	T1836	T1792	punct	.,seen
R1044	T1775	T1773	pobj	interzones,to
R1045	T1838	T1839	amod	Null,mutations
R1046	T1839	T1840	nsubj	mutations,produce
R1047	T1776	T1775	punct	", ",interzones
R1048	T1841	T1839	prep	in,mutations
R1049	T1842	T1843	det	the,gene
R1050	T1777	T1775	conj	perichondrium,interzones
R1051	T1843	T1841	pobj	gene,in
R1052	T1844	T1843	compound	Bmpr1b,gene
R1053	T1845	T1846	amod	viable,mice
R1054	T1778	T1777	punct	", ",perichondrium
R1055	T1846	T1840	dobj	mice,produce
R1056	T1847	T1846	prep	with,mice
R1057	T1779	T1780	amod	periarticular,cartilage
R1058	T1848	T1847	pobj	defects,with
R1059	T1849	T1848	prep	in,defects
R1060	T1850	T1851	nmod	bone,formation
R1061	T1780	T1777	conj	cartilage,perichondrium
R1062	T1851	T1849	pobj	formation,in
R1063	T1852	T1850	cc	and,bone
R1064	T1853	T1850	conj	joint,bone
R1065	T1781	T1780	punct	", ",cartilage
R1066	T1854	T1855	dep	that,resemble
R1067	T1855	T1848	relcl	resemble,defects
R1068	T1856	T1855	advmod	closely,resemble
R1069	T1782	T1783	amod	hypertrophic,chondrocytes
R1070	T1857	T1855	dobj	those,resemble
R1071	T1858	T1857	acl	seen,those
R1072	T1783	T1780	conj	chondrocytes,cartilage
R1073	T1859	T1858	prep	in,seen
R1074	T1860	T1859	pobj	mice,in
R1075	T1861	T1860	acl	missing,mice
R1076	T1784	T1783	punct	", ",chondrocytes
R1077	T1862	T1861	dobj	Gdf5,missing
R1078	T1863	T1864	punct	(,Storm
R1079	T1785	T1783	cc	and,chondrocytes
R1083	T1786	T1787	amod	interdigital,mesenchyme
R1084	T1867	T1866	nummod	1996,Kingsley
R1085	T1868	T1866	punct	;,Kingsley
R1086	T1869	T1866	conj	Baur,Kingsley
R1087	T1870	T1869	nmod	et,Baur
R1088	T1871	T1869	nmod	al.,Baur
R1089	T1787	T1783	conj	mesenchyme,chondrocytes
R1090	T1872	T1869	nummod	2000,Baur
R1091	T1873	T1869	punct	;,Baur
R1092	T1874	T1869	conj	Yi,Baur
R1093	T1788	T1787	compound	limb,mesenchyme
R1094	T1875	T1874	nmod	et,Yi
R1095	T1789	T1767	punct	.,becomes
R1096	T1876	T1874	nmod	al.,Yi
R1097	T1877	T1874	nummod	2000,Yi
R1098	T1791	T1792	prep	In,seen
R1099	T1878	T1874	punct	),Yi
R1100	T1879	T1840	punct	.,produce
R1101	T1793	T1791	pobj	comparison,In
R1102	T1881	T1882	amod	Null,mutations
R1103	T1882	T1883	nsubj	mutations,cause
R1104	T1884	T1882	prep	in,mutations
R1105	T1794	T1792	punct	", ",seen
R1106	T1885	T1884	pobj	Bmpr1a,in
R1107	T1886	T1887	amod	early,lethality
R1108	T1795	T1796	compound	Bmpr1b,expression
R1109	T1887	T1883	dobj	lethality,cause
R1110	T1888	T1887	amod	embryonic,lethality
R1111	T1889	T1883	punct	", ",cause
R1112	T1796	T1792	nsubjpass	expression,seen
R1113	T1890	T1891	mark	with,similar
R1114	T1891	T1883	advcl	similar,cause
R1115	T1892	T1891	nsubj	defects,similar
R1116	T1797	T1792	auxpass	is,seen
R1117	T1893	T1892	prep	in,defects
R1118	T1894	T1893	pobj	gastrulation,in
R1119	T1895	T1891	prep	to,similar
R1120	T1798	T1792	advmod	primarily,seen
R1121	T1896	T1895	pobj	those,to
R1122	T1897	T1896	acl	seen,those
R1123	T1799	T1792	prep	in,seen
R1124	T1898	T1897	prep	in,seen
R1125	T1899	T1898	pobj	mice,in
R1126	T1900	T1899	prep	with,mice
R1127	T1800	T1801	amod	condensing,cells
R1128	T1901	T1900	pobj	mutations,with
R1129	T1902	T1901	prep	in,mutations
R1130	T1903	T1902	pobj	Bmp4,in
R1131	T1801	T1799	pobj	cells,in
R1132	T1904	T1905	punct	(,Mishina
R1133	T1905	T1883	meta	Mishina,cause
R1134	T1906	T1905	nmod	et,Mishina
R1135	T1908	T1905	nummod	1995,Mishina
R1136	T1907	T1905	nmod	al.,Mishina
R1137	T1909	T1905	punct	;,Mishina
R1138	T1910	T1905	nmod	Winnier,Mishina
R1139	T1911	T1905	nmod	et,Mishina
R1140	T2014	T2015	aux	to,remove
R1141	T2015	T2011	advcl	remove,used
R1142	T1912	T1905	nmod	al.,Mishina
R1143	T2016	T2015	cc	or,remove
R1144	T2017	T2018	advmod	ectopically,express
R1145	T2018	T2015	conj	express,remove
R1146	T1913	T1905	nummod	1995,Mishina
R1147	T2019	T2018	dobj	genes,express
R1148	T2020	T2019	prep	in,genes
R1149	T1914	T1905	punct	),Mishina
R1150	T2021	T2020	pobj	joints,in
R1151	T2022	T1980	punct	.,take
R1152	T1915	T1883	punct	.,cause
R1153	T2024	T2025	nsubj	Tests,show
R1154	T1917	T1918	amod	Recent,studies
R1155	T2026	T2024	prep	with,Tests
R1156	T2027	T2028	compound	reporter,mice
R1157	T2028	T2026	pobj	mice,with
R1158	T1918	T1919	nsubj	studies,suggest
R1159	T2029	T2030	mark	that,is
R1160	T2030	T2025	ccomp	is,show
R1161	T2031	T2032	det	this,system
R1162	T1920	T1918	prep	with,studies
R1163	T2032	T2030	nsubj	system,is
R1164	T2033	T2030	acomp	capable,is
R1165	T2034	T2033	prep	of,capable
R1166	T2035	T2034	pcomp	modifying,of
R1167	T2036	T2035	dobj	genes,modifying
R1168	T1921	T1922	amod	floxed,alleles
R1169	T2037	T2035	prep	in,modifying
R1170	T2038	T2037	pobj	all,in
R1171	T1922	T1920	pobj	alleles,with
R1172	T2039	T2038	prep	of,all
R1173	T2040	T2041	det	the,structures
R1174	T2041	T2039	pobj	structures,of
R1175	T1923	T1924	mark	that,required
R1176	T2042	T2041	prep	of,structures
R1177	T2043	T2044	det	the,joint
R1178	T2044	T2042	pobj	joint,of
R1179	T1924	T1919	ccomp	required,suggest
R1180	T2045	T2044	amod	mature,joint
R1181	T2046	T2044	amod	synovial,joint
R1182	T1925	T1924	nsubjpass	Bmpr1a,required
R1183	T2047	T2038	punct	", ",all
R1184	T1926	T1924	auxpass	is,required
R1185	T2048	T2038	prep	including,all
R1186	T1927	T1924	advmod	also,required
R1187	T2049	T2050	det	the,ligaments
R1188	T2050	T2048	pobj	ligaments,including
R1189	T2051	T2050	prep	of,ligaments
R1190	T2052	T2053	det	the,capsule
R1191	T1928	T1924	prep	for,required
R1192	T1929	T1930	amod	many,events
R1193	T2053	T2051	pobj	capsule,of
R1194	T2054	T2053	compound	joint,capsule
R1195	T1930	T1928	pobj	events,for
R1196	T2055	T2050	punct	", ",ligaments
R1197	T2056	T2057	det	the,membrane
R1198	T1931	T1930	amod	later,events
R1199	T2057	T2050	conj	membrane,ligaments
R1200	T2058	T2057	amod	synovial,membrane
R1201	T1932	T1930	amod	developmental,events
R1202	T2059	T2057	punct	", ",membrane
R1203	T2060	T2057	cc	and,membrane
R1204	T2061	T2062	det	the,cartilage
R1205	T1933	T1919	punct	", ",suggest
R1206	T2062	T2057	conj	cartilage,membrane
R1207	T2063	T2062	amod	articular,cartilage
R1208	T1934	T1919	cc	but,suggest
R1209	T2064	T2025	punct	.,show
R1210	T2066	T2067	compound	Gdf5,Cre
R1211	T1935	T1936	poss	its,roles
R1212	T2067	T2069	compound	Cre,recombination
R1213	T2068	T2067	punct	-,Cre
R1214	T2069	T2070	nsubj	recombination,bypasses
R1215	T1936	T1937	nsubjpass	roles,tested
R1216	T2071	T2072	det	the,lethality
R1217	T1937	T1919	conj	tested,suggest
R1218	T2072	T2070	dobj	lethality,bypasses
R1219	T2073	T2074	amod	early,embryonic
R1220	T2074	T2072	amod	embryonic,lethality
R1221	T1938	T1936	prep	in,roles
R1222	T2075	T2072	prep	of,lethality
R1223	T2076	T2077	amod	null,mutations
R1224	T1939	T1940	nmod	bone,formation
R1225	T2077	T2075	pobj	mutations,of
R1226	T2078	T2070	prep	in,bypasses
R1227	T2079	T2078	pobj	Bmpr1a,in
R1228	T1940	T1938	pobj	formation,in
R1229	T2080	T2070	punct	", ",bypasses
R1230	T2081	T2070	cc	and,bypasses
R1231	T2082	T2070	conj	shows,bypasses
R1232	T1941	T1939	cc	and,bone
R1233	T2083	T2084	mark	that,required
R1234	T2084	T2082	ccomp	required,shows
R1235	T1942	T1939	conj	joint,bone
R1236	T2085	T2086	det	this,receptor
R1237	T2086	T2084	nsubjpass	receptor,required
R1238	T2087	T2084	auxpass	is,required
R1239	T1943	T1937	aux	have,tested
R1240	T2088	T2084	prep	for,required
R1241	T2089	T2090	amod	early,formation
R1242	T2090	T2088	pobj	formation,for
R1243	T2091	T2090	compound	joint,formation
R1244	T2092	T2090	prep	at,formation
R1245	T2093	T2094	det	some,locations
R1246	T1944	T1937	neg	not,tested
R1247	T2094	T2092	pobj	locations,at
R1248	T2095	T2088	cc	and,for
R1249	T2096	T2088	conj	for,for
R1250	T1945	T1937	advmod	yet,tested
R1251	T2097	T2096	pobj	initiation,for
R1252	T2098	T2097	prep	of,initiation
R1253	T2099	T2100	amod	programmed,death
R1254	T2100	T2098	pobj	death,of
R1255	T1946	T1937	auxpass	been,tested
R1256	T2101	T2100	compound	cell,death
R1257	T2102	T2100	prep	in,death
R1258	T1947	T1948	punct	(,Mishina
R1259	T2103	T2102	pobj	webbing,in
R1260	T1948	T1937	meta	Mishina,tested
R1261	T2104	T2103	prep	between,webbing
R1262	T2105	T2104	pobj	digits,between
R1263	T2106	T2070	punct	.,bypasses
R1264	T1949	T1948	nummod	2003,Mishina
R1265	T2108	T2109	advmod	Interestingly,is
R1266	T1950	T1948	punct	),Mishina
R1267	T2110	T2109	punct	", ",is
R1268	T2111	T2109	nsubj	Bmpr1a,is
R1269	T2112	T2109	advmod	also,is
R1270	T1951	T1937	punct	.,tested
R1271	T2113	T2109	acomp	required,is
R1272	T2114	T2109	prep	for,is
R1273	T2115	T2116	amod	postnatal,maintenance
R1274	T1953	T1954	det	A,system
R1275	T2116	T2114	pobj	maintenance,for
R1276	T2117	T2116	prep	of,maintenance
R1277	T2118	T2119	amod	articular,cartilage
R1278	T2119	T2117	pobj	cartilage,of
R1279	T1954	T1956	nsubj	system,be
R1280	T2120	T2109	prep	throughout,is
R1281	T1955	T1954	amod	genetic,system
R1282	T1957	T1954	prep	for,system
R1283	T2121	T2120	pobj	most,throughout
R1284	T1958	T1957	pcomp	activating,for
R1285	T2122	T2121	prep	of,most
R1286	T2123	T2124	det	the,skeleton
R1287	T2124	T2122	pobj	skeleton,of
R1288	T1959	T1958	cc	or,activating
R1289	T2125	T2109	punct	.,is
R1290	T2127	T2128	prep	In,forms
R1291	T1960	T1958	conj	inactivating,activating
R1292	T2129	T2130	nmod	Gdf5,Cre
R1293	T2130	T2132	nmod	Cre,mice
R1294	T2131	T2130	punct	-,Cre
R1295	T2132	T2127	pobj	mice,In
R1296	T2133	T2130	punct	/,Cre
R1297	T1961	T1960	dobj	genes,inactivating
R1298	T2134	T2130	appos	Bmpr1afloxP,Cre
R1299	T1962	T1963	advmod	specifically,in
R1300	T2135	T2128	punct	", ",forms
R1301	T2136	T2137	amod	articular,cartilage
R1302	T1963	T1960	prep	in,inactivating
R1303	T2137	T2128	nsubj	cartilage,forms
R1304	T2138	T2128	advmod	initially,forms
R1305	T2139	T2128	advmod	normally,forms
R1306	T1964	T1965	compound	joint,tissues
R1307	T2140	T2128	punct	", ",forms
R1308	T2141	T2128	cc	but,forms
R1309	T1965	T1963	pobj	tissues,in
R1310	T2142	T2143	advmod	subsequently,loses
R1311	T2143	T2128	conj	loses,forms
R1312	T1966	T1956	aux	would,be
R1313	T2144	T2143	dobj	expression,loses
R1314	T2145	T2144	prep	of,expression
R1315	T2146	T2147	amod	several,markers
R1316	T1967	T1968	advmod	particularly,useful
R1317	T2147	T2145	pobj	markers,of
R1318	T2148	T2147	amod	key,markers
R1319	T1968	T1956	acomp	useful,be
R1320	T2149	T2147	compound	cartilage,markers
R1321	T2150	T2143	prep	after,loses
R1322	T2151	T2150	pobj	birth,after
R1323	T1969	T1968	prep	for,useful
R1324	T2152	T2128	punct	.,forms
R1325	T1970	T1971	amod	further,studies
R1326	T2154	T2155	nsubj	It,fibrillates
R1327	T1971	T1969	pobj	studies,for
R1328	T2156	T2155	advmod	ultimately,fibrillates
R1329	T2157	T2155	cc	and,fibrillates
R1330	T2158	T2155	conj	degenerates,fibrillates
R1331	T1972	T1971	prep	of,studies
R1332	T2159	T2158	punct	", ",degenerates
R1333	T2160	T2158	conj	resulting,degenerates
R1334	T2161	T2160	prep	in,resulting
R1335	T1973	T1974	compound	joint,formation
R1336	T2162	T2163	amod	severe,osteoarthritis
R1337	T2163	T2161	pobj	osteoarthritis,in
R1338	T2164	T2163	cc	and,osteoarthritis
R1339	T1974	T1972	pobj	formation,of
R1340	T2165	T2163	conj	loss,osteoarthritis
R1341	T2166	T2165	prep	of,loss
R1342	T1975	T1974	cc	and,formation
R1343	T2167	T2166	pobj	mobility,of
R1344	T2168	T2155	punct	.,fibrillates
R1345	T2170	T2171	det	These,experiments
R1346	T2171	T2172	nsubj	experiments,suggest
R1347	T1976	T1974	conj	maintenance,formation
R1348	T2173	T2174	mark	that,required
R1349	T2174	T2172	advcl	required,suggest
R1350	T1977	T1956	punct	.,be
R1351	T2175	T2176	compound	BMP,signaling
R1352	T2176	T2174	nsubjpass	signaling,required
R1353	T2177	T2174	auxpass	is,required
R1354	T1979	T1980	advmod	Here,take
R1355	T2178	T2174	prep	for,required
R1356	T2179	T2180	amod	normal,maintenance
R1357	T2180	T2178	pobj	maintenance,for
R1358	T2181	T2180	prep	of,maintenance
R1359	T1981	T1980	nsubj	we,take
R1360	T2182	T2183	amod	postnatal,cartilage
R1361	T2183	T2181	pobj	cartilage,of
R1362	T2184	T2183	amod	articular,cartilage
R1363	T1982	T1980	dobj	advantage,take
R1364	T2185	T2174	punct	", ",required
R1365	T2186	T2174	cc	and,required
R1366	T2187	T2188	mark	that,play
R1367	T1983	T1980	prep	of,take
R1368	T2188	T2174	conj	play,required
R1369	T2189	T2188	nsubj	modulation,play
R1370	T1984	T1985	det	the,pattern
R1371	T2190	T2189	prep	of,modulation
R1372	T2191	T2192	det	the,pathway
R1373	T2192	T2190	pobj	pathway,of
R1374	T1985	T1983	pobj	pattern,of
R1375	T2193	T2194	compound	BMP,signaling
R1376	T2194	T2192	compound	signaling,pathway
R1377	T2195	T2188	aux	may,play
R1378	T1986	T1987	npadvmod	tissue,specific
R1379	T2196	T2197	det	an,role
R1380	T2197	T2188	dobj	role,play
R1381	T2198	T2197	amod	important,role
R1382	T2199	T2188	prep	in,play
R1383	T1987	T1985	amod	specific,pattern
R1384	T2200	T2201	compound	joint,disease
R1385	T2201	T2199	pobj	disease,in
R1386	T1988	T1987	punct	-,specific
R1387	T2202	T2172	punct	.,suggest
R1388	T1989	T1985	compound	expression,pattern
R1389	T1990	T1985	prep	of,pattern
R1390	T1991	T1992	det	the,gene
R1391	T1992	T1990	pobj	gene,of
R1392	T1993	T1992	compound	Gdf5,gene
R1393	T1994	T1995	aux	to,engineer
R1394	T1995	T1980	advcl	engineer,take
R1395	T1996	T1997	det	a,system
R1396	T1997	T1995	dobj	system,engineer
R1397	T1998	T1999	compound	Cre,loxP
R1398	T1999	T1997	compound	loxP,system
R1399	T2000	T1999	punct	/,loxP
R1400	T2001	T2002	punct	(,Nagy
R1401	T2002	T1997	meta	Nagy,system
R1402	T2003	T2002	nummod	2000,Nagy
R1403	T2004	T2002	punct	),Nagy
R1404	T2005	T1997	punct	", ",system
R1405	T2006	T2007	compound	Gdf5,Cre
R1406	T2007	T1997	appos	Cre,system
R1407	T2008	T2007	punct	-,Cre
R1408	T2009	T1997	punct	", ",system
R1409	T2010	T2011	dep	that,used
R1410	T2011	T1997	relcl	used,system
R1411	T2012	T2011	aux	can,used
R1412	T2013	T2011	auxpass	be,used
R1080	T1864	T1840	meta	Storm,produce
R1081	T1865	T1864	cc	and,Storm
R1082	T1866	T1864	conj	Kingsley,Storm

craft-ca-core-ex-dev

Below, discontinuous spans are shown in the chain model. You can change it to the bag model.

Id	Subject	Object	Predicate	Lexical cue
T872	28-47	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T873	57-62	UBERON:0001474	denotes	bones
T874	66-81	UBERON:0002217	denotes	synovial joints
T875	217-236	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T876	335-341	UBERON:0007023	denotes	adults
T877	373-379	NCBITaxon:9606	denotes	people
T878	454-460	NCBITaxon:9606	denotes	people
T879	550-559	CHEBI_EXT:polyatomic_entity_or_group	denotes	molecular
T880	596-615	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T881	657-662	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T882	714-719	UBERON:0004905	denotes	Joint
T883	744-757	GO:0009790	denotes	embryogenesis
T884	780-784	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cell
T885	834-842	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeletal
T886	869-890	GO:0012501	denotes	Programmed cell death
T887	880-884	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cell
T888	986-990	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cell
T889	1026-1030	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cell
T890	1044-1049	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T891	1068-1076	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeleton
T892	1100-1109	UBERON_EXT:cartilage_element_or_tissue	denotes	cartilage
T893	1150-1154	UBERON_EXT:bone_element_or_tissue	denotes	bone
T894	1165-1170	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cells
T895	1291-1310	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T896	1331-1336	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T897	1417-1435	GO_EXT:cell_communication_or_signaling_or_signal_transduction	denotes	signaling pathways
T898	1475-1480	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T899	1492-1497	PR_EXT:000017452	denotes	Wnt14
T900	1501-1510	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T901	1541-1547	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T902	1589-1599	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T903	1609-1614	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T904	1615-1622	CHEBI_SO_EXT:molecular_indicator_or_label_or_marker_or_tag	denotes	markers
T905	1631-1640	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T906	1665-1669	UBERON:0002101	denotes	limb
T907	1720-1724	UBERON_EXT:bone_element_or_tissue	denotes	bone
T908	1720-1738	GO:0060349	denotes	bone morphogenetic
T909	1720-1746	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	bone morphogenetic protein
T910	1739-1746	CHEBI_PR_EXT:protein	denotes	protein
T911	1748-1751	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	BMP
T912	1763-1771	GO:0046903	denotes	secreted
T913	1772-1781	GO_EXT:cell_communication_or_signaling_or_signal_transduction	denotes	signaling
T914	1772-1791	CHEBI_EXT:62488	denotes	signaling molecules
T915	1801-1810	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T916	1837-1843	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T917	1871-1878	SO_EXT:sequence_coding_function	denotes	encoded
T918	1886-1891	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	genes
T919	1892-1896	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T920	1898-1902	PR_EXT:000007924	denotes	Gdf6
T921	1904-1908	PR_EXT:000000282	denotes	Gdf7
T922	1910-1914	PR_EXT:000000164	denotes	Bmp2
T923	1920-1924	PR_EXT:000000165	denotes	Bmp4
T924	2029-2033	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T925	2034-2044	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T926	2089-2095	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T927	2142-2149	CHEBI_SO_EXT:molecular_indicator_or_label_or_marker_or_tag	denotes	markers
T928	2153-2158	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T929	2170-2179	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_entity_or_process	denotes	Mutations
T930	2190-2194	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T931	2218-2222	PR_EXT:000007924	denotes	Gdf6
T932	2223-2227	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	gene
T933	2252-2258	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T934	2319-2328	CHEBI:36357	denotes	molecules
T935	2351-2356	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T936	2425-2434	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_entity_or_process	denotes	mutations
T937	2438-2442	PR_EXT:000000164	denotes	Bmp2
T938	2446-2450	PR_EXT:000000165	denotes	Bmp4
T939	2457-2472	UBERON:0019248	denotes	early embryonic
T940	2473-2482	GO_EXT:fatality_or_lethality	denotes	lethality
T941	2526-2531	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T942	2618-2636	GO_EXT:cell_communication_or_signaling_or_signal_transduction	denotes	signaling pathways
T943	2668-2678	GO_PATO_EXT:biological_maturation	denotes	maturation
T944	2698-2703	UBERON:0007023	denotes	adult
T945	2704-2709	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T946	2735-2738	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	BMP
T947	2735-2748	GO:0030509	denotes	BMP signaling
T948	2775-2780	UBERON:0007023	denotes	adult
T949	2781-2800	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T950	3015-3019	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	BMPs
T951	3020-3024	CHEMINF_GO_EXT:chemical_binding_or_bond_formation	denotes	bind
T952	3025-3045	GO_EXT:tetrameric_macromolecular_complex	denotes	tetrameric complexes
T953	3036-3048	GO:0043235	denotes	complexes of
T954	3076-3123	GO_EXT:0004675	denotes	transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors
T955	3081-3089	GO:0016020	denotes	membrane
T956	3090-3096	CHEBI_SO_EXT:serine	denotes	serine
T957	3097-3106	CHEBI_SO_EXT:threonine	denotes	threonine
T958	3114-3123	GO:0043235	denotes	receptors
T959	3130-3133	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	BMP
T960	3134-3141	CHEMINF_GO_EXT:chemical_binding_or_bond_formation	denotes	binding
T961	3149-3158	GO:0032991	denotes	complexes
T962	3181-3196	GO_PATO_EXT:phosphorylation_process	denotes	phosphorylating
T963	3212-3216	GO_PR_EXT:SMAD	denotes	Smad
T964	3227-3240	GO_EXT:transcription	denotes	transcription
T965	3227-3248	GO_EXT:transcription_factor	denotes	transcription factors
T966	3315-3335	PR_EXT:BMP_type_1_receptor	denotes	BMP type I receptors
T967	3326-3335	GO_EXT:0004872	denotes	receptors
T968	3339-3347	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeletal
T969	3348-3358	GO_PATO_EXT:biological_patterning_process_or_quality	denotes	patterning
T970	3360-3366	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	BMPR1A
T971	3371-3377	PR_EXT:000000036	denotes	BMPR1B
T972	3384-3393	GO_EXT:0004872	denotes	receptors
T973	3398-3402	CHEMINF_GO_EXT:chemical_binding_or_bond_formation	denotes	bind
T974	3403-3407	PR_EXT:000000164	denotes	BMP2
T975	3409-3413	PR_EXT:000000165	denotes	BMP4
T976	3419-3423	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	GDF5
T977	3434-3438	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	GDF5
T978	3465-3471	PR_EXT:000000036	denotes	BMPR1B
T979	3585-3594	GO_EXT:0004872	denotes	receptors
T980	3604-3613	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T981	3664-3669	UBERON:0002101	denotes	limbs
T982	3671-3677	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T983	3678-3688	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T984	3711-3716	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T985	3729-3742	UBERON:0002222	denotes	perichondrium
T986	3748-3757	UBERON:0004905	denotes	articular
T987	3758-3767	UBERON_EXT:cartilage_element_or_tissue	denotes	cartilage
T988	3769-3794	CL:0000743	denotes	hypertrophic chondrocytes
T989	3800-3828	UBERON:0009585	denotes	interdigital limb mesenchyme
T990	3845-3851	PR_EXT:000000036	denotes	Bmpr1b
T991	3852-3862	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T992	3884-3894	_FRAGMENT	denotes	condensing
T993	3912-3929	CL:0000335	denotes	mesenchymal cells
T994	3898-3911	UBERON_EXT:cartilage_element_or_tissue	denotes	cartilaginous
T995	3912-3923	UBERON:0003104	denotes	mesenchymal
T996	3924-3929	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cells
T997	3948-3953	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T998	3966-3979	UBERON:0002222	denotes	perichondrium
T999	3989-3998	UBERON:0004905	denotes	articular
T1000	3999-4008	UBERON_EXT:cartilage_element_or_tissue	denotes	cartilage
T1001	4087-4091	SO_EXT:sequence_nullness	denotes	Null
T1002	4092-4101	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_entity_or_process	denotes	mutations
T1003	4109-4115	PR_EXT:000000036	denotes	Bmpr1b
T1004	4116-4120	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	gene
T1005	4136-4140	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T1006	4157-4161	UBERON_EXT:bone_element_or_tissue	denotes	bone
T1007	4157-4161	_FRAGMENT	denotes	bone
T1008	4172-4181	GO_EXT:bone_development_or_ossification	denotes	formation
T1009	4166-4171	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T1010	4218-4222	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T1011	4231-4235	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T1012	4297-4301	SO_EXT:sequence_nullness	denotes	Null
T1013	4302-4311	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_entity_or_process	denotes	mutations
T1014	4315-4321	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1015	4334-4343	UBERON:0000922	denotes	embryonic
T1016	4344-4353	GO_EXT:fatality_or_lethality	denotes	lethality
T1017	4371-4383	GO:0007369	denotes	gastrulation
T1018	4409-4413	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T1019	4419-4428	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_entity_or_process	denotes	mutations
T1020	4432-4436	PR_EXT:000000165	denotes	Bmp4
T1021	4501-4507	SO:0000359	denotes	floxed
T1022	4508-4515	SO_EXT:0001023	denotes	alleles
T1023	4529-4535	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1024	4607-4611	UBERON_EXT:bone_element_or_tissue	denotes	bone
T1025	4607-4611	_FRAGMENT	denotes	bone
T1026	4622-4631	GO_EXT:bone_development_or_ossification	denotes	formation
T1027	4616-4621	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T1028	4675-4682	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	genetic
T1029	4721-4726	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	genes
T1030	4743-4748	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T1031	4749-4756	UBERON:0000479	denotes	tissues
T1032	4809-4814	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T1033	4872-4878	UBERON:0000479	denotes	tissue
T1034	4888-4898	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T1035	4914-4918	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T1036	4919-4923	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	gene
T1037	4942-4946	SO_EXT:0000346	denotes	loxP
T1038	4967-4971	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T1039	5019-5026	GO:0010467	denotes	express
T1040	5027-5032	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	genes
T1041	5036-5042	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T1042	5064-5068	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T1043	5105-5114	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_process	denotes	modifying
T1044	5115-5120	SO_EXT:0000704	denotes	genes
T1045	5160-5174	UBERON:0002217	denotes	synovial joint
T1046	5190-5199	UBERON:0000211	denotes	ligaments
T1047	5207-5220	UBERON:0001484	denotes	joint capsule
T1048	5226-5243	UBERON_EXT:synovial_membrane	denotes	synovial membrane
T1049	5253-5272	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T1050	5274-5278	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T1051	5283-5296	GO_SO_EXT:sequence_rearrangement_process	denotes	recombination
T1052	5310-5325	UBERON:0019248	denotes	early embryonic
T1053	5326-5335	GO_EXT:fatality_or_lethality	denotes	lethality
T1054	5339-5343	SO_EXT:sequence_nullness	denotes	null
T1055	5344-5353	SO_EXT:sequence_alteration_entity_or_process	denotes	mutations
T1056	5357-5363	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1057	5385-5393	GO_EXT:0004872	denotes	receptor
T1058	5416-5421	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T1059	5472-5493	GO:0012501	denotes	programmed cell death
T1060	5483-5487	CL_GO_EXT:cell	denotes	cell
T1061	5497-5519	UBERON:0006015	denotes	webbing between digits
T1062	5536-5542	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1063	5568-5573	GO:0007567	denotes	natal
T1064	5589-5608	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T1065	5632-5640	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeleton
T1066	5645-5649	PR_EXT:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T1067	5654-5660	PR_EXT:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T1068	5660-5665	SO:0000359	denotes	floxP
T1069	5666-5670	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T1070	5672-5691	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T1071	5741-5751	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T1072	5767-5776	UBERON_EXT:cartilage_element_or_tissue	denotes	cartilage
T1073	5777-5784	CHEBI_SO_EXT:molecular_indicator_or_label_or_marker_or_tag	denotes	markers
T1074	5791-5796	GO:0007567	denotes	birth
T1075	5929-5932	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	BMP
T1076	5929-5942	GO:0030509	denotes	BMP signaling
T1077	5985-5990	GO:0007567	denotes	natal
T1078	5991-6010	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T1079	6021-6034	_FRAGMENT	denotes	modulation of
T1080	6039-6060	GO:0030510	denotes	BMP signaling pathway
T1081	6039-6042	PR_EXT:000000034	denotes	BMP
T1082	6091-6096	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
R356	T993	T992	_lexicallyChainedTo	mesenchymal cells,condensing
R357	T1008	T1007	_lexicallyChainedTo	formation,bone
R358	T1026	T1025	_lexicallyChainedTo	formation,bone
R359	T1080	T1079	_lexicallyChainedTo	BMP signaling pathway,modulation of

craft-ca-core-dev

Below, discontinuous spans are shown in the chain model. You can change it to the bag model.

Id	Subject	Object	Predicate	Lexical cue
T722	28-47	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T723	57-62	UBERON:0001474	denotes	bones
T724	66-81	UBERON:0002217	denotes	synovial joints
T725	217-236	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T726	335-341	UBERON:0007023	denotes	adults
T727	373-379	NCBITaxon:9606	denotes	people
T728	454-460	NCBITaxon:9606	denotes	people
T729	596-615	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T730	657-662	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T731	714-719	UBERON:0004905	denotes	Joint
T732	744-757	GO:0009790	denotes	embryogenesis
T733	834-842	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeletal
T734	869-890	GO:0012501	denotes	Programmed cell death
T735	1044-1049	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T736	1068-1076	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeleton
T737	1291-1310	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T738	1331-1336	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T739	1475-1480	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T740	1492-1497	PR:000017452	denotes	Wnt14
T741	1501-1510	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T742	1541-1547	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T743	1589-1599	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T744	1609-1614	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T745	1631-1640	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T746	1665-1669	UBERON:0002101	denotes	limb
T747	1720-1738	GO:0060349	denotes	bone morphogenetic
T748	1720-1746	PR:000000034	denotes	bone morphogenetic protein
T749	1748-1751	PR:000000034	denotes	BMP
T750	1763-1771	GO:0046903	denotes	secreted
T751	1772-1791	CHEBI:62488	denotes	signaling molecules
T752	1801-1810	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T753	1837-1843	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T754	1886-1891	SO:0000704	denotes	genes
T755	1892-1896	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T756	1898-1902	PR:000007924	denotes	Gdf6
T757	1904-1908	PR:000000282	denotes	Gdf7
T758	1910-1914	PR:000000164	denotes	Bmp2
T759	1920-1924	PR:000000165	denotes	Bmp4
T760	2029-2033	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T761	2034-2044	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T762	2089-2095	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T763	2153-2158	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T764	2190-2194	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T765	2218-2222	PR:000007924	denotes	Gdf6
T766	2223-2227	SO:0000704	denotes	gene
T767	2252-2258	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T768	2319-2328	CHEBI:36357	denotes	molecules
T769	2351-2356	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T770	2438-2442	PR:000000164	denotes	Bmp2
T771	2446-2450	PR:000000165	denotes	Bmp4
T772	2457-2472	UBERON:0019248	denotes	early embryonic
T773	2526-2531	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T774	2698-2703	UBERON:0007023	denotes	adult
T775	2704-2709	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T776	2735-2738	PR:000000034	denotes	BMP
T777	2735-2748	GO:0030509	denotes	BMP signaling
T778	2775-2780	UBERON:0007023	denotes	adult
T779	2781-2800	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T780	3015-3019	PR:000000034	denotes	BMPs
T781	3036-3048	GO:0043235	denotes	complexes of
T782	3081-3089	GO:0016020	denotes	membrane
T783	3114-3123	GO:0043235	denotes	receptors
T784	3130-3133	PR:000000034	denotes	BMP
T785	3149-3158	GO:0032991	denotes	complexes
T786	3315-3318	PR:000000034	denotes	BMP
T787	3339-3347	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeletal
T788	3360-3366	PR:000000035	denotes	BMPR1A
T789	3371-3377	PR:000000036	denotes	BMPR1B
T790	3403-3407	PR:000000164	denotes	BMP2
T791	3409-3413	PR:000000165	denotes	BMP4
T792	3419-3423	PR:000000281	denotes	GDF5
T793	3434-3438	PR:000000281	denotes	GDF5
T794	3465-3471	PR:000000036	denotes	BMPR1B
T795	3604-3613	GO:0010467	denotes	expressed
T796	3664-3669	UBERON:0002101	denotes	limbs
T797	3671-3677	PR:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T798	3678-3688	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T799	3711-3716	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T800	3729-3742	UBERON:0002222	denotes	perichondrium
T801	3748-3757	UBERON:0004905	denotes	articular
T802	3769-3794	CL:0000743	denotes	hypertrophic chondrocytes
T803	3800-3828	UBERON:0009585	denotes	interdigital limb mesenchyme
T804	3845-3851	PR:000000036	denotes	Bmpr1b
T805	3852-3862	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T806	3884-3894	_FRAGMENT	denotes	condensing
T807	3912-3929	CL:0000335	denotes	mesenchymal cells
T808	3912-3923	UBERON:0003104	denotes	mesenchymal
T809	3948-3953	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T810	3966-3979	UBERON:0002222	denotes	perichondrium
T811	3989-3998	UBERON:0004905	denotes	articular
T812	4109-4115	PR:000000036	denotes	Bmpr1b
T813	4116-4120	SO:0000704	denotes	gene
T814	4136-4140	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T815	4166-4171	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T816	4218-4222	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T817	4231-4235	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T818	4315-4321	PR:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T819	4334-4343	UBERON:0000922	denotes	embryonic
T820	4371-4383	GO:0007369	denotes	gastrulation
T821	4409-4413	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T822	4432-4436	PR:000000165	denotes	Bmp4
T823	4501-4507	SO:0000359	denotes	floxed
T824	4508-4515	SO:0001023	denotes	alleles
T825	4529-4535	PR:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T826	4616-4621	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T827	4675-4682	SO:0000704	denotes	genetic
T828	4721-4726	SO:0000704	denotes	genes
T829	4743-4748	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T830	4749-4756	UBERON:0000479	denotes	tissues
T831	4809-4814	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T832	4872-4878	UBERON:0000479	denotes	tissue
T833	4888-4898	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T834	4914-4918	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T835	4919-4923	SO:0000704	denotes	gene
T836	4942-4946	SO:0000346	denotes	loxP
T837	4967-4971	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T838	5019-5026	GO:0010467	denotes	express
T839	5027-5032	SO:0000704	denotes	genes
T840	5036-5042	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joints
T841	5064-5068	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T842	5115-5120	SO:0000704	denotes	genes
T843	5160-5174	UBERON:0002217	denotes	synovial joint
T844	5190-5199	UBERON:0000211	denotes	ligaments
T845	5207-5220	UBERON:0001484	denotes	joint capsule
T846	5253-5272	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T847	5274-5278	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T848	5310-5325	UBERON:0019248	denotes	early embryonic
T849	5357-5363	PR:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T850	5416-5421	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
T851	5472-5493	GO:0012501	denotes	programmed cell death
T852	5497-5519	UBERON:0006015	denotes	webbing between digits
T853	5536-5542	PR:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T854	5568-5573	GO:0007567	denotes	natal
T855	5589-5608	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T856	5632-5640	UBERON:0004288	denotes	skeleton
T857	5645-5649	PR:000000281	denotes	Gdf5
T858	5654-5660	PR:000000035	denotes	Bmpr1a
T859	5660-5665	SO:0000359	denotes	floxP
T860	5666-5670	NCBITaxon:10088	denotes	mice
T861	5672-5691	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T862	5741-5751	GO:0010467	denotes	expression
T863	5791-5796	GO:0007567	denotes	birth
T864	5929-5932	PR:000000034	denotes	BMP
T865	5929-5942	GO:0030509	denotes	BMP signaling
T866	5985-5990	GO:0007567	denotes	natal
T867	5991-6010	UBERON:0010996	denotes	articular cartilage
T868	6021-6034	_FRAGMENT	denotes	modulation of
T869	6039-6060	GO:0030510	denotes	BMP signaling pathway
T870	6039-6042	PR:000000034	denotes	BMP
T871	6091-6096	UBERON:0004905	denotes	joint
R354	T807	T806	_lexicallyChainedTo	mesenchymal cells,condensing
R355	T869	T868	_lexicallyChainedTo	BMP signaling pathway,modulation of

2_test

Id	Subject	Object	Predicate	Lexical cue
15492776-7752126-84887267	488-492	7752126	denotes	1995
15492776-7575685-84887268	513-517	7575685	denotes	1995
15492776-645613-84887269	1347-1351	645613	denotes	1978
15492776-11239392-84887270	1690-1694	11239392	denotes	2001
15492776-9012517-84887271	1945-1949	9012517	denotes	1996
15492776-9218508-84887272	1966-1970	9218508	denotes	1997
15492776-10199971-84887273	1992-1996	10199971	denotes	1999
15492776-12606286-84887274	2012-2016	12606286	denotes	2003
15492776-8145850-84887275	2389-2393	8145850	denotes	1994
15492776-12606286-84887276	2409-2413	12606286	denotes	2003
15492776-7657163-84887277	2558-2562	7657163	denotes	1995
15492776-8898212-84887278	2582-2586	8898212	denotes	1996
15492776-9485084-84887279	2923-2927	9485084	denotes	1998
15492776-10639490-84887280	2948-2952	10639490	denotes	2000
15492776-12364567-84887281	2971-2975	12364567	denotes	2002
15492776-12469908-84887282	2988-2992	12469908	denotes	2002
15492776-13130469-84887283	3008-3012	13130469	denotes	2003
15492776-8674122-84887284	3259-3263	8674122	denotes	1996
15492776-8065329-84887285	3487-3491	8065329	denotes	1994
15492776-8006002-84887286	3510-3514	8006002	denotes	1994
15492776-7811286-84887287	3530-3534	7811286	denotes	1994
15492776-8702914-84887288	3552-3556	8702914	denotes	1996
15492776-9417113-84887289	3573-3577	9417113	denotes	1998
15492776-7750489-84887290	4024-4028	7750489	denotes	1995
15492776-8543149-84887291	4045-4049	8543149	denotes	1995
15492776-9303535-84887292	4062-4066	9303535	denotes	1997
15492776-10631181-84887293	4080-4084	10631181	denotes	2000
15492776-9012517-84887294	4256-4260	9012517	denotes	1996
15492776-10631181-84887295	4274-4278	10631181	denotes	2000
15492776-10631182-84887296	4290-4294	10631182	denotes	2000
15492776-8543149-84887297	4453-4457	8543149	denotes	1995
15492776-7657163-84887298	4474-4478	7657163	denotes	1995
15492776-12700086-84887299	4666-4670	12700086	denotes	2003
15492776-10686599-84887300	4960-4964	10686599	denotes	2000
T97819	488-492	7752126	denotes	1995
T21026	513-517	7575685	denotes	1995
T29900	1347-1351	645613	denotes	1978
T45831	1690-1694	11239392	denotes	2001
T99717	1945-1949	9012517	denotes	1996
T74898	1966-1970	9218508	denotes	1997
T93044	1992-1996	10199971	denotes	1999
T38753	2012-2016	12606286	denotes	2003
T58079	2389-2393	8145850	denotes	1994
T30702	2409-2413	12606286	denotes	2003
T96774	2558-2562	7657163	denotes	1995
T87715	2582-2586	8898212	denotes	1996
T51614	2923-2927	9485084	denotes	1998
T85849	2948-2952	10639490	denotes	2000
T12837	2971-2975	12364567	denotes	2002
T9866	2988-2992	12469908	denotes	2002
T98714	3008-3012	13130469	denotes	2003
T39390	3259-3263	8674122	denotes	1996
T17765	3487-3491	8065329	denotes	1994
T87251	3510-3514	8006002	denotes	1994
T97683	3530-3534	7811286	denotes	1994
T40167	3552-3556	8702914	denotes	1996
T14183	3573-3577	9417113	denotes	1998
T15645	4024-4028	7750489	denotes	1995
T62583	4045-4049	8543149	denotes	1995
T11125	4062-4066	9303535	denotes	1997
T62638	4080-4084	10631181	denotes	2000
T67445	4256-4260	9012517	denotes	1996
T34355	4274-4278	10631181	denotes	2000
T81057	4290-4294	10631182	denotes	2000
T19725	4453-4457	8543149	denotes	1995
T44085	4474-4478	7657163	denotes	1995
T93170	4666-4670	12700086	denotes	2003
T37516	4960-4964	10686599	denotes	2000

PMC:523229 / 2365-8470 JSONTXT

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2_test

PMC:523229 / 2365-8470 JSON TXT