PMC:5126056 / 32964-36130
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/5126056","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"5126056","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/5126056","text":"Neuropeptide Y (NPY)\nNeuropeptide Y (NPY) belongs to the NPY family of peptides, which also includes, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (Holzer et al., 2012). Originally isolated from mammalian brain extracts (Tatemoto et al., 1982), NPY is one of the most abundant neuropeptides within the brain and has a major regulatory role in energy homeostasis and food intake (Loh et al., 2015).\nAlthough reports for NPY-like ir in fish brain and other tissues appear in the 1980's (e.g., Osborne et al., 1985; Danger et al., 1990), the first fish NPY cDNAs were reported in goldfish and the electric ray Torpedo marmorata (elasmobranch, Torpediniformes; Blomqvist et al., 1992). One of the first studies showing the role of NPY in regulating in fish was that of Silverstein et al., showing by in situ hybridization (ISH) that, in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon, NPY-like mRNA signal areas were greater in fasted than fed fish (Silverstein et al., 1998). The first in vivo injection studies were performed in goldfish (Lopez-Patino et al., 1999; de Pedro et al., 2000; Narnaware et al., 2000) and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Silverstein and Plysetskaya, 2000). Since then, NPY has been one of the most studied appetite-regulating hormones in fish. It has been cloned and/or shown to regulate feeding in several groups, including Characiformes (Pereira et al., 2015), Cypriniformes [(e.g., goldfish, zebrafish (Yokobori et al., 2012), blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (Xu et al., 2016), grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Jin et al., 2015), Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Tang et al., 2014), Ya fish (Wei et al., 2014)], Gadiformes (Atlantic cod Kortner et al., 2011; Tuziak et al., 2014); Gonorynchiformes (milkfish Chanos chanos, Lin et al., 2016); Perciformes (yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata Hosomi et al., 2014, Astatotilapia burtoni Grone et al., 2012, cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus Babichuk and Volkoff, 2013, orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides Tang et al., 2013, sea bass Leal et al., 2013, mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi Sun et al., 2014, cobia Rachycentron canadum Van Nguyen et al., 2013, gourami Trichogaster pectoralis Boonanuntanasarn et al., 2012); Pleuronectiformes (olive flounder Wang et al., 2015, winter flounder MacDonald and Volkoff, 2009a, Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus Campos et al., 2012), Salmoniformes (e.g., rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Aldegunde and Mancebo, 2006, Atlantic salmon Valen et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2015), Siluriformes (channel catfish, Peterson et al., 2012; Schroeter et al., 2015); Tetraodontiformes (tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes Kamijo et al., 2011) as well as elasmobranchs [(e.g., winter skate Leucoraja ocellata, Rajiforme (MacDonald and Volkoff, 2009b) and spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula, Carcharhiniforme) Mulley et al., 2014)] and holocephalans (elephant fish Chimaeriformes; Larsson et al., 2009). The majority of these studies indicate that NPY has a widespread distribution and is present in both brain and intestinal tract, that it acts as an orexigenic factor and that its expression is affected by feeding and 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