PMC:5118426 / 29819-31584 JSONTXT

{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"27920719-17213800-31054370","span":{"begin":111,"end":115},"obj":"17213800"},{"id":"27920719-20046852-31054371","span":{"begin":303,"end":307},"obj":"20046852"},{"id":"27920719-23701314-31054372","span":{"begin":672,"end":676},"obj":"23701314"},{"id":"27920719-21508111-31054373","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1168},"obj":"21508111"},{"id":"27920719-21054389-31054374","span":{"begin":1485,"end":1489},"obj":"21054389"},{"id":"27920719-17213800-31054375","span":{"begin":1684,"end":1688},"obj":"17213800"},{"id":"27920719-18436848-31054376","span":{"begin":1759,"end":1763},"obj":"18436848"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"Bear bile has been used in Chinese medicine for several millennia to treat visual disorders (Boatright et al., 2006). This has led to a number of studies investigating the primary constituent of bear bile, TUDCA, as a potential therapeutic agent for several ophthalmological diseases (Boatright et al., 2009). TUDCA has been investigated in retinitis pigmentosa, a heterogeneous group of disorders of retinal degeneration in which progressive peripheral and night vision loss occurs, with central vision impairment. Mutations in about 200 genes, including the gene encoding rhodopsin (RHO), have been identified that cause apoptosis of photoreceptor cells (Daiger et al., 2013). The RHO P23H mutation is the most common cause of retinitis pigmentosa in the United States that is thought to produce structurally altered folding with retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and resulting cytotoxicity. TUDCA administered intraperitoneally once a week from weaning until 4 months of age to homozygous P23H line-3 rats reduced photoreceptor loss across the retina and preserved synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar or horizontal cells (Fernandez-Sanchez et al., 2011). In the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, in which the mice carry a missense mutation in exon 7 of the Pde6b gene resulting in rod photoreceptor cell death within a month after birth, subcutaneous administration of TUDCA resulted in higher cone cell density in all 4 quadrants of the retina (Oveson et al., 2011). TUDCA also decreased apoptosis, preserved the normal retinal photoreceptor cellular architecture, and maintained amplitudes of dark-adapted electroretinogram a- and b-waves (Boatright et al., 2006), even at later stages of severe photoreceptor loss (Phillips et al., 2008)."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"27920719-17213800-31054370","span":{"begin":111,"end":115},"obj":"17213800"},{"id":"27920719-20046852-31054371","span":{"begin":303,"end":307},"obj":"20046852"},{"id":"27920719-23701314-31054372","span":{"begin":672,"end":676},"obj":"23701314"},{"id":"27920719-21508111-31054373","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1168},"obj":"21508111"},{"id":"27920719-21054389-31054374","span":{"begin":1485,"end":1489},"obj":"21054389"},{"id":"27920719-17213800-31054375","span":{"begin":1684,"end":1688},"obj":"17213800"},{"id":"27920719-18436848-31054376","span":{"begin":1759,"end":1763},"obj":"18436848"}],"text":"Bear bile has been used in Chinese medicine for several millennia to treat visual disorders (Boatright et al., 2006). This has led to a number of studies investigating the primary constituent of bear bile, TUDCA, as a potential therapeutic agent for several ophthalmological diseases (Boatright et al., 2009). TUDCA has been investigated in retinitis pigmentosa, a heterogeneous group of disorders of retinal degeneration in which progressive peripheral and night vision loss occurs, with central vision impairment. Mutations in about 200 genes, including the gene encoding rhodopsin (RHO), have been identified that cause apoptosis of photoreceptor cells (Daiger et al., 2013). The RHO P23H mutation is the most common cause of retinitis pigmentosa in the United States that is thought to produce structurally altered folding with retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and resulting cytotoxicity. TUDCA administered intraperitoneally once a week from weaning until 4 months of age to homozygous P23H line-3 rats reduced photoreceptor loss across the retina and preserved synapses between photoreceptors and bipolar or horizontal cells (Fernandez-Sanchez et al., 2011). In the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, in which the mice carry a missense mutation in exon 7 of the Pde6b gene resulting in rod photoreceptor cell death within a month after birth, subcutaneous administration of TUDCA resulted in higher cone cell density in all 4 quadrants of the retina (Oveson et al., 2011). TUDCA also decreased apoptosis, preserved the normal retinal photoreceptor cellular architecture, and maintained amplitudes of dark-adapted electroretinogram a- and b-waves (Boatright et al., 2006), even at later stages of severe photoreceptor loss (Phillips et al., 2008)."}