PMC:5118424 / 2429-4261
Annnotations
{"target":"http://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/5118424","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"5118424","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/5118424","text":"Generation of Follicular Hyperplasia/Involution\nPersistent immune activation is a hallmark of chronic HIV/SIV infections, which induces a progressive pathology not only in peripheral blood but also in secondary lymphoid tissues, causing a profound remodeling of the lymph node architecture throughout the course of infection. Histological patterns of structural alteration of lymphoid architecture were already well described in the 1980s, in the context of HIV infection (10–13). Specifically, lymph node morphology in HIV patients with or without AIDS is characterized initially by follicular hyperplasia, followed by involution, resulting in the lymphadenopathy and destruction of follicular architecture, which helped in the original diagnosis of AIDS (14). In SIV and SHIV infection of non-human primate models of human HIV infection, rhesus macaques that followed an accelerated disease course and died within 6 months, severe follicular involution was observed in their lymphoid tissues, while on the contrary, animals that survived longer had lymphadenopathy with confluent GCs and follicular hyperplasia (15, 16). Histologic and cellular characterization of lymph nodes during infection revealed similar structural alterations among SIV-infected rhesus macaques and HIV-infected patients. Although the mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet, gradual histological alterations such as the deposition of collagen and non-amyloid substance may be associated with follicular involution at the end stage of HIV infection (17, 18). Exposure of follicular dendritic cells to HIV may create an inflammatory environment and lead to the impaired survival of follicular B cells (19). The magnitude of GC reactions in follicular hyperplasia or involution, if any, is closely linked to the regulation of follicular helper T (TFH) cells.","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":0,"end":47}}],"tracks":[{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"27920778-147-153-2673471","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"[\"2410110\", \"2722179\", \"6866021\", \"6705787\"]"},{"id":"27920778-237-243-2673472","span":{"begin":757,"end":759},"obj":"[\"9040859\"]"},{"id":"27920778-229-235-2673473","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1116},"obj":"[\"17223151\"]"},{"id":"27920778-233-239-2673474","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1120},"obj":"[\"11393868\"]"},{"id":"27920778-228-234-2673475","span":{"begin":1526,"end":1528},"obj":"[\"22613276\"]"},{"id":"27920778-232-238-2673476","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1532},"obj":"[\"24628065\"]"},{"id":"27920778-142-148-2673477","span":{"begin":1677,"end":1679},"obj":"[\"27596745\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"27920778-147-153-2673471","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"27920778-237-243-2673472","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"27920778-229-235-2673473","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"27920778-233-239-2673474","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"27920778-228-234-2673475","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"27920778-232-238-2673476","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"27920778-142-148-2673477","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"27920778-2410110-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"2410110"},{"id":"27920778-2722179-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"2722179"},{"id":"27920778-6866021-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"6866021"},{"id":"27920778-6705787-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"6705787"},{"id":"27920778-9040859-34327079","span":{"begin":757,"end":759},"obj":"9040859"},{"id":"27920778-17223151-34327080","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1116},"obj":"17223151"},{"id":"27920778-11393868-34327081","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1120},"obj":"11393868"},{"id":"27920778-22613276-34327082","span":{"begin":1526,"end":1528},"obj":"22613276"},{"id":"27920778-24628065-34327083","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1532},"obj":"24628065"},{"id":"27920778-27596745-34327084","span":{"begin":1677,"end":1679},"obj":"27596745"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"27920778-2410110-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-2722179-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-6866021-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-6705787-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-9040859-34327079","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-17223151-34327080","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-11393868-34327081","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-22613276-34327082","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-24628065-34327083","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"27920778-27596745-34327084","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"27920778-2410110-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"2410110"},{"id":"27920778-2722179-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"2722179"},{"id":"27920778-6866021-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"6866021"},{"id":"27920778-6705787-34327078","span":{"begin":473,"end":475},"obj":"6705787"},{"id":"27920778-9040859-34327079","span":{"begin":757,"end":759},"obj":"9040859"},{"id":"27920778-17223151-34327080","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1116},"obj":"17223151"},{"id":"27920778-11393868-34327081","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1120},"obj":"11393868"},{"id":"27920778-22613276-34327082","span":{"begin":1526,"end":1528},"obj":"22613276"},{"id":"27920778-24628065-34327083","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1532},"obj":"24628065"},{"id":"27920778-27596745-34327084","span":{"begin":1677,"end":1679},"obj":"27596745"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"27920778-2410110-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-2722179-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-6866021-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-6705787-34327078","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-9040859-34327079","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-17223151-34327080","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-11393868-34327081","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-22613276-34327082","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-24628065-34327083","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"},{"subj":"27920778-27596745-34327084","pred":"source","obj":"MyTest"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"TEST0","color":"#9dec93","default":true},{"id":"2_test","color":"#ec93b7"},{"id":"MyTest","color":"#93d1ec"}]}]}}