PMC:4996403 / 16910-19245 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"27600234-21943823-69479990","span":{"begin":205,"end":208},"obj":"21943823"},{"id":"27600234-21943823-69479991","span":{"begin":363,"end":366},"obj":"21943823"},{"id":"27600234-20799942-69479992","span":{"begin":569,"end":572},"obj":"20799942"},{"id":"27600234-15485992-69479993","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1040},"obj":"15485992"},{"id":"27600234-24658158-69479994","span":{"begin":1741,"end":1744},"obj":"24658158"},{"id":"27600234-24604581-69479995","span":{"begin":2131,"end":2134},"obj":"24604581"},{"id":"27600234-21500188-69479996","span":{"begin":2229,"end":2232},"obj":"21500188"}],"text":"4.5. Analysis of Drug-Resistant Cancer Tissues\nMicroarray technology has been successfully used to define the molecular changes associated with the drug-resistant phenotype in drug-resistant cancer cells [110]. These changes may be useful as biomarkers of drug sensitivity, molecular target medicines and prediction factors of chemotherapy response.\nDuan et al. [110] showed that paclitaxel- and adriamycin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines had significant overexpression of at least one cytokine/chemokine compared with their drug-sensitive parent line. Liu et al. [111] detected that maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) expression was markedly decreased in cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells compared with parental A549 cells as shown by an lncRNA microarray. Patients with lower levels of MEG3 expression also showed worse responses to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Thus, MEG3 may represent a new marker of poor response to cisplatin and could be a potential therapeutic target for lung cell adenocarcinoma chemotherapy. Gao et al. [112] showed that cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) was overexpressed in drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, and the authors performed a unique ovarian cancer tissue microarray constructed with paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumor tissues from individual patients. Both the metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer tissues expressed higher levels of CD44 than the primary tumor. Additionally, CD44 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells increased sensitivity to the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Thus, these findings demonstrated that upregulation of CD44 was a crucial event in the development of the recurrence, metastasis, and acquisition of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Fang et al. [113] studied miRNA expression profiles in colorectal cancer, comparing chemoresistant and chemosensitive groups by microarray analysis. Overexpression of miRNA-17-5p was found in chemoresistant patients. The authors also found that PTEN was a target of miR-17-5p in colon cancer cells, and their context-specific interactions were responsible for multiple drug resistance. Akcakaya et al. [114] performed a miRNA array in drug-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and Maeda et al. [115] validated the gene alterations in drug-resistant gastric cancer by expression and methylation arrays."}