PMC:4635215 / 3443-4712 JSONTXT

{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"26594142-97-105-125946","span":{"begin":459,"end":463},"obj":"[\"21241794\"]"},{"id":"26594142-115-123-125947","span":{"begin":477,"end":481},"obj":"[\"21150128\"]"},{"id":"26594142-137-145-125948","span":{"begin":499,"end":503},"obj":"[\"24185178\"]"},{"id":"26594142-84-92-125949","span":{"begin":735,"end":739},"obj":"[\"22116877\"]"}],"text":"Golgi fragmentation is commonly observed in cells subjected to “stress,” including pharmacological and oxidative stress. Fragmentation can be the result of perturbation of microtubules, or phosphorylation or cleavage of Golgi structural proteins. Golgi stacks can be dispersed (mini-stacks) or completely disassembled, depending on the perturbation (Figure 1B). Although the term “Golgi stress” has been frequently used in the literature (e.g., Jiang et al., 2011; Oku et al., 2011; Reiling et al., 2013), there is no clear understanding of what Golgi stress entails. Can Golgi stress be activated in the absence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress? Similar to the well-documented unfolded protein response in the ER (Walter and Ron, 2011), a Golgi stress response pathway should serve to help alleviate the stress, and only result in cell death if the stress is irreparable (Figure 1C). Pharmacological inhibitors of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, proton and calcium pumps, and perturbation of luminal pH have all been shown to alter the structure of the Golgi complex. High levels of cargo or large cargo passing through the Golgi may be the most physiological type of stress. But do any of these insults result in outcomes that would help eliminate the stress?"}

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"26594142-21241794-125946","span":{"begin":459,"end":463},"obj":"21241794"},{"id":"26594142-21150128-125947","span":{"begin":477,"end":481},"obj":"21150128"},{"id":"26594142-24185178-125948","span":{"begin":499,"end":503},"obj":"24185178"},{"id":"26594142-22116877-125949","span":{"begin":735,"end":739},"obj":"22116877"}],"text":"Golgi fragmentation is commonly observed in cells subjected to “stress,” including pharmacological and oxidative stress. Fragmentation can be the result of perturbation of microtubules, or phosphorylation or cleavage of Golgi structural proteins. Golgi stacks can be dispersed (mini-stacks) or completely disassembled, depending on the perturbation (Figure 1B). Although the term “Golgi stress” has been frequently used in the literature (e.g., Jiang et al., 2011; Oku et al., 2011; Reiling et al., 2013), there is no clear understanding of what Golgi stress entails. Can Golgi stress be activated in the absence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress? Similar to the well-documented unfolded protein response in the ER (Walter and Ron, 2011), a Golgi stress response pathway should serve to help alleviate the stress, and only result in cell death if the stress is irreparable (Figure 1C). Pharmacological inhibitors of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, proton and calcium pumps, and perturbation of luminal pH have all been shown to alter the structure of the Golgi complex. High levels of cargo or large cargo passing through the Golgi may be the most physiological type of stress. But do any of these insults result in outcomes that would help eliminate the stress?"}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"26594142-21241794-38084418","span":{"begin":459,"end":463},"obj":"21241794"},{"id":"26594142-21150128-38084419","span":{"begin":477,"end":481},"obj":"21150128"},{"id":"26594142-24185178-38084420","span":{"begin":499,"end":503},"obj":"24185178"},{"id":"26594142-22116877-38084421","span":{"begin":735,"end":739},"obj":"22116877"}],"text":"Golgi fragmentation is commonly observed in cells subjected to “stress,” including pharmacological and oxidative stress. Fragmentation can be the result of perturbation of microtubules, or phosphorylation or cleavage of Golgi structural proteins. Golgi stacks can be dispersed (mini-stacks) or completely disassembled, depending on the perturbation (Figure 1B). Although the term “Golgi stress” has been frequently used in the literature (e.g., Jiang et al., 2011; Oku et al., 2011; Reiling et al., 2013), there is no clear understanding of what Golgi stress entails. Can Golgi stress be activated in the absence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress? Similar to the well-documented unfolded protein response in the ER (Walter and Ron, 2011), a Golgi stress response pathway should serve to help alleviate the stress, and only result in cell death if the stress is irreparable (Figure 1C). Pharmacological inhibitors of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, proton and calcium pumps, and perturbation of luminal pH have all been shown to alter the structure of the Golgi complex. High levels of cargo or large cargo passing through the Golgi may be the most physiological type of stress. But do any of these insults result in outcomes that would help eliminate the stress?"}