PMC:4631427 / 3323-4923
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4631427","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4631427","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4631427","text":"Peanut and tree nuts are among the most commonly implicated foods in cases of anaphylaxis occurring in both children and adults.11,12 Anaphylaxis has been defined as an acute, life-threatening allergic reaction, involving more than one organ system in the body.13 The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis involves release of mediators from mast cells and basophils upon allergen exposure, such as after ingestion of peanut or tree nuts.9 The release of mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins result in pathophysiologic events including smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, and stimulation of the nervous system with reflex vagal activation.14 These physiologic effects result in the classic symptoms of anaphylaxis, which include cutaneous and mucosal involvement in the form of urticaria and angioedema; respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheezing, or dyspnea; abdominal symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and uterine contractions; as well as hypotension; and in severe cases, hypovolemic shock. Gastrointestinal symptoms are more commonly observed in cases of food-induced anaphylaxis compared with anaphylaxis from other causes.15 Features of anaphylaxis differ based upon age of the patient.16 Cardiovascular collapse is reported more often in adults, compared with hives, vomiting, wheezing, and stridor in children.17,18 Anaphylaxis in infants is more likely to be underdiagnosed due to atypical clinical presentations with nonspecific symptoms such as lethargy and irritability, as well as inability to subjectively report symptoms.19","tracks":[{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"26604803-128-134-1382623","span":{"begin":128,"end":130},"obj":"[\"16188770\"]"},{"id":"26604803-131-137-1382624","span":{"begin":131,"end":133},"obj":"[\"18547626\"]"},{"id":"26604803-236-242-1382625","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"[\"16461139\"]"},{"id":"26604803-169-174-1382626","span":{"begin":430,"end":431},"obj":"[\"20692689\"]"},{"id":"26604803-234-240-1382627","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1192},"obj":"[\"11476457\"]"},{"id":"26604803-234-240-1382628","span":{"begin":1254,"end":1256},"obj":"[\"16308410\"]"},{"id":"26604803-234-240-1382629","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1382},"obj":"[\"21094954\"]"},{"id":"26604803-237-243-1382630","span":{"begin":1383,"end":1385},"obj":"[\"15969665\"]"},{"id":"26604803-218-224-1382631","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1600},"obj":"[\"17765754\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"26604803-128-134-1382623","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-131-137-1382624","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-236-242-1382625","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-169-174-1382626","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-234-240-1382627","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-234-240-1382628","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-234-240-1382629","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-237-243-1382630","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26604803-218-224-1382631","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"26604803-16188770-55579318","span":{"begin":128,"end":130},"obj":"16188770"},{"id":"26604803-18547626-55579319","span":{"begin":131,"end":133},"obj":"18547626"},{"id":"26604803-16461139-55579320","span":{"begin":261,"end":263},"obj":"16461139"},{"id":"26604803-20692689-55579321","span":{"begin":430,"end":431},"obj":"20692689"},{"id":"26604803-11476457-55579322","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1192},"obj":"11476457"},{"id":"26604803-16308410-55579323","span":{"begin":1254,"end":1256},"obj":"16308410"},{"id":"26604803-21094954-55579324","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1382},"obj":"21094954"},{"id":"26604803-15969665-55579325","span":{"begin":1383,"end":1385},"obj":"15969665"},{"id":"26604803-17765754-55579326","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1600},"obj":"17765754"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"26604803-16188770-55579318","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-18547626-55579319","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-16461139-55579320","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-20692689-55579321","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-11476457-55579322","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-16308410-55579323","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-21094954-55579324","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-15969665-55579325","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26604803-17765754-55579326","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"TEST0","color":"#93ecd2","default":true},{"id":"2_test","color":"#ecb893"}]}]}}