PMC:4630263 / 2299-3676
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4630263","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4630263","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4630263","text":"Of the various methods used to evaluate the vestibular system, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a non-invasive and simple clinical test. Cervical VEMP (cVEMP) represents an uncrossed vestibulo-collic reflex, which assesses saccular function, the inferior vestibular nerve and vestibular nuclei, and serves as a pathway through the lower brainstem to the motor neurons of the sternocleidomastoid muscle [4]. The more recently described ocular VEMP (oVEMP), a manifestation of a crossed vestibulo-ocular pathway, reflects predominantly utricular function and involves the medial longitudinal fasciculus, oculomotor nuclei and nerves, and extraocular muscles following activation of the vestibular nerve and nucleus [4, 5]. While cVEMP descends via the vestibulospinal tract through the lower brainstem, oVEMP ascends via the medial longitudinal fasciculus through the upper brainstem. Additionally, recent studies suggest that oVEMP is produced by otolith afferents in the superior vestibular nerve division, whereas cVEMP, evoked by sound, is believed to be an inferior vestibular nerve reflex [6]. Using oVEMP and cVEMP together allows for the evaluation of both ascending and descending vestibular pathways in the brainstem and identifies a higher percentage of abnormalities [4]. Thus, the combined measures of oVEMP and cVEMP provide complementary information.","tracks":[{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"26527349-233-238-1498994","span":{"begin":417,"end":418},"obj":"[\"20080441\"]"},{"id":"26527349-237-242-1498995","span":{"begin":728,"end":729},"obj":"[\"20080441\"]"},{"id":"26527349-232-237-1498996","span":{"begin":731,"end":732},"obj":"[\"15979939\"]"},{"id":"26527349-211-216-1498997","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1109},"obj":"[\"23254558\"]"},{"id":"26527349-180-185-1498998","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1293},"obj":"[\"20080441\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"26527349-233-238-1498994","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26527349-237-242-1498995","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26527349-232-237-1498996","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26527349-211-216-1498997","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"26527349-180-185-1498998","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"26527349-20080441-60553876","span":{"begin":417,"end":418},"obj":"20080441"},{"id":"26527349-20080441-60553877","span":{"begin":728,"end":729},"obj":"20080441"},{"id":"26527349-15979939-60553878","span":{"begin":731,"end":732},"obj":"15979939"},{"id":"26527349-23254558-60553879","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1109},"obj":"23254558"},{"id":"26527349-20080441-60553880","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1293},"obj":"20080441"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"26527349-20080441-60553876","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26527349-20080441-60553877","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26527349-15979939-60553878","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26527349-23254558-60553879","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"26527349-20080441-60553880","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"TEST0","color":"#bcec93","default":true},{"id":"2_test","color":"#ec93d6"}]}]}}