PMC:4548004 / 1276-3488
Annnotations
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25912321-14757614-29848476","span":{"begin":189,"end":190},"obj":"14757614"},{"id":"25912321-15901764-29848477","span":{"begin":192,"end":194},"obj":"15901764"},{"id":"25912321-14757614-29848478","span":{"begin":270,"end":271},"obj":"14757614"},{"id":"25912321-15901764-29848479","span":{"begin":273,"end":275},"obj":"15901764"},{"id":"25912321-14757614-29848480","span":{"begin":393,"end":394},"obj":"14757614"},{"id":"25912321-15901764-29848481","span":{"begin":396,"end":398},"obj":"15901764"},{"id":"25912321-10842668-29848482","span":{"begin":534,"end":535},"obj":"10842668"},{"id":"25912321-8841178-29848483","span":{"begin":537,"end":539},"obj":"8841178"},{"id":"25912321-10842668-29848484","span":{"begin":618,"end":619},"obj":"10842668"},{"id":"25912321-20440276-29848485","span":{"begin":824,"end":826},"obj":"20440276"},{"id":"25912321-16565240-29848486","span":{"begin":828,"end":830},"obj":"16565240"},{"id":"25912321-9306342-29848487","span":{"begin":968,"end":970},"obj":"9306342"},{"id":"25912321-14707435-29848488","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1099},"obj":"14707435"},{"id":"25912321-7611247-29848489","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1102},"obj":"7611247"},{"id":"25912321-16112122-29848490","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1106},"obj":"16112122"},{"id":"25912321-1977530-29848491","span":{"begin":1501,"end":1503},"obj":"1977530"},{"id":"25912321-8134359-29848492","span":{"begin":1625,"end":1626},"obj":"8134359"},{"id":"25912321-8254057-29848493","span":{"begin":1628,"end":1630},"obj":"8254057"},{"id":"25912321-8134359-29848494","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1863},"obj":"8134359"},{"id":"25912321-8254057-29848495","span":{"begin":1865,"end":1867},"obj":"8254057"},{"id":"25912321-6254962-29848496","span":{"begin":1968,"end":1969},"obj":"6254962"}],"text":"Introduction\nMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which greatly promotes the progression of renal dysfunction [3, 10]. Metabolic syndrome and nephropathy are frequent complications in humans [3, 10]. Recent clinical studies have revealed that metabolic syndrome increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) [3, 10].\nSHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR-cp/cp) is a rat model of metabolic syndrome with hypertension, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and mild hyperlipidemia [4, 22]. SHR-cp/cp rats also spontaneously develop abnormalities in renal histology [4].\nTherefore, we produced a new nephropathy model by provoking severe hyperlipidemia in SHR-cp/cp rats. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients is a risk factor for the progression of kidney dysfunction [16, 23]. Dyslipidemia is also considered to be associated with an increased rate of progression of renal insufficiency in nondiabetic patients [17]. Several studies in animal models have shown that hypercholesterolemia accelerates the rate of progression of kidney disease [1, 5, 12]. Thus we intended to establish an animal model for the progressive loss of kidney function, exacerbated by hyperlipidemia.\nTo exacerbate dyslipidemia in SHR-cp/cp rats, we generated human apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) transgenic (Tg.) SHR-cp/cp rats. ApoB plays a central role in mammalian lipoprotein metabolism, and apoB-100 is the key structural protein in the formation of lipoproteins [29]. Human apoB-100 Tg. mice show increased plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels as compared with non-Tg. mice [2, 11]. It could be expected that a transgene of human apoB in rats would provoke hyperlipidemia due to increased production of human apoB in the liver and/or reduced catabolism of human apoB-containing lipoproteins, as well as in mice [2, 11]. In fact, human LDL binds poorly to rat cell receptors on rat fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells [7].\nIn the present study, to establish a human apoB Tg. SHR-cp/cp rats as a hyperlipidemia-dependent nephropathy model with metabolic syndrome, metabolic and biological parameters in urine and plasma, and renal histopathology were investigated."}
MyTest
{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"25912321-14757614-29848476","span":{"begin":189,"end":190},"obj":"14757614"},{"id":"25912321-15901764-29848477","span":{"begin":192,"end":194},"obj":"15901764"},{"id":"25912321-14757614-29848478","span":{"begin":270,"end":271},"obj":"14757614"},{"id":"25912321-15901764-29848479","span":{"begin":273,"end":275},"obj":"15901764"},{"id":"25912321-14757614-29848480","span":{"begin":393,"end":394},"obj":"14757614"},{"id":"25912321-15901764-29848481","span":{"begin":396,"end":398},"obj":"15901764"},{"id":"25912321-10842668-29848482","span":{"begin":534,"end":535},"obj":"10842668"},{"id":"25912321-8841178-29848483","span":{"begin":537,"end":539},"obj":"8841178"},{"id":"25912321-10842668-29848484","span":{"begin":618,"end":619},"obj":"10842668"},{"id":"25912321-20440276-29848485","span":{"begin":824,"end":826},"obj":"20440276"},{"id":"25912321-16565240-29848486","span":{"begin":828,"end":830},"obj":"16565240"},{"id":"25912321-9306342-29848487","span":{"begin":968,"end":970},"obj":"9306342"},{"id":"25912321-14707435-29848488","span":{"begin":1098,"end":1099},"obj":"14707435"},{"id":"25912321-7611247-29848489","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1102},"obj":"7611247"},{"id":"25912321-16112122-29848490","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1106},"obj":"16112122"},{"id":"25912321-1977530-29848491","span":{"begin":1501,"end":1503},"obj":"1977530"},{"id":"25912321-8134359-29848492","span":{"begin":1625,"end":1626},"obj":"8134359"},{"id":"25912321-8254057-29848493","span":{"begin":1628,"end":1630},"obj":"8254057"},{"id":"25912321-8134359-29848494","span":{"begin":1862,"end":1863},"obj":"8134359"},{"id":"25912321-8254057-29848495","span":{"begin":1865,"end":1867},"obj":"8254057"},{"id":"25912321-6254962-29848496","span":{"begin":1968,"end":1969},"obj":"6254962"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"Introduction\nMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which greatly promotes the progression of renal dysfunction [3, 10]. Metabolic syndrome and nephropathy are frequent complications in humans [3, 10]. Recent clinical studies have revealed that metabolic syndrome increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) [3, 10].\nSHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR-cp/cp) is a rat model of metabolic syndrome with hypertension, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and mild hyperlipidemia [4, 22]. SHR-cp/cp rats also spontaneously develop abnormalities in renal histology [4].\nTherefore, we produced a new nephropathy model by provoking severe hyperlipidemia in SHR-cp/cp rats. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients is a risk factor for the progression of kidney dysfunction [16, 23]. Dyslipidemia is also considered to be associated with an increased rate of progression of renal insufficiency in nondiabetic patients [17]. Several studies in animal models have shown that hypercholesterolemia accelerates the rate of progression of kidney disease [1, 5, 12]. Thus we intended to establish an animal model for the progressive loss of kidney function, exacerbated by hyperlipidemia.\nTo exacerbate dyslipidemia in SHR-cp/cp rats, we generated human apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) transgenic (Tg.) SHR-cp/cp rats. ApoB plays a central role in mammalian lipoprotein metabolism, and apoB-100 is the key structural protein in the formation of lipoproteins [29]. Human apoB-100 Tg. mice show increased plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels as compared with non-Tg. mice [2, 11]. It could be expected that a transgene of human apoB in rats would provoke hyperlipidemia due to increased production of human apoB in the liver and/or reduced catabolism of human apoB-containing lipoproteins, as well as in mice [2, 11]. In fact, human LDL binds poorly to rat cell receptors on rat fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells [7].\nIn the present study, to establish a human apoB Tg. SHR-cp/cp rats as a hyperlipidemia-dependent nephropathy model with metabolic syndrome, metabolic and biological parameters in urine and plasma, and renal histopathology were investigated."}