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{"target":"http://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4502374","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4502374","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4502374","text":"The development and adoption of high-yielding, rust-resistant cultivars is seen as the best strategy to control the spread of the disease (Gibbons 1980). However, no complete resistance has been found in cultivated germplasm (Subrahmanyam et al. 1982; Pande and Rao 2001; Fávero et al. 2009). This finding is consistent with the recent allotetraploid origin of cultivated peanut and the resulting limited number of disease resistance alleles available in its evolutionary arms race against rust. Additionally, since until late 1960s rust essentially was confined to South America and peanut cultivars elsewhere were not subject to selection pressure. In a wide screen of germplasm, more resistant genotypes were found to be mostly from Peru (Subrahmanyam et al. 1989, 1993). Although partially resistant, cultivated peanut genotypes do exist, high levels of resistance or even immunity to rust only are found in the wild species (Pande and Rao 2001; Fávero et al. 2009; Leal-Bertioli et al. 2010).","tracks":[]}