PMC:4310921 / 3641-6004 JSONTXT

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T181","span":{"begin":103,"end":114},"obj":"CHEBI_8871"},{"id":"T182","span":{"begin":454,"end":457},"obj":"PATO_0000011"},{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":454,"end":457},"obj":"CHEBI_84123"},{"id":"T184","span":{"begin":467,"end":473},"obj":"PATO_0000119"},{"id":"T185","span":{"begin":478,"end":484},"obj":"PATO_0000128"},{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":676,"end":690},"obj":"CHEBI_35476"},{"id":"T187","span":{"begin":770,"end":779},"obj":"CHEBI_81580"},{"id":"T188","span":{"begin":992,"end":1007},"obj":"CHEBI_35469"},{"id":"T189","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1025},"obj":"CHEBI_48873"},{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":1031,"end":1046},"obj":"CHEBI_22720"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1114},"obj":"PATO_0001189"},{"id":"T219","span":{"begin":1579,"end":1583},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T220","span":{"begin":1833,"end":1837},"obj":"PATO_0002316"},{"id":"T221","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1593},"obj":"CHEBI_30660"},{"id":"T222","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1593},"obj":"CHEBI_305790"},{"id":"T223","span":{"begin":1600,"end":1616},"obj":"CHEBI_18258"},{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":1632,"end":1639},"obj":"CHEBI_9584"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":1652,"end":1659},"obj":"CHEBI_24621"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":1753,"end":1760},"obj":"CHEBI_24621"},{"id":"T227","span":{"begin":1662,"end":1669},"obj":"CHEBI_46217"},{"id":"T228","span":{"begin":1662,"end":1669},"obj":"CHEBI_16977"},{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":1662,"end":1669},"obj":"CHEBI_16449"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":1762,"end":1765},"obj":"CHEBI_81569"},{"id":"T231","span":{"begin":1768,"end":1780},"obj":"CHEBI_17026"},{"id":"T232","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1790},"obj":"CHEBI_50114"},{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":1796,"end":1805},"obj":"CHEBI_16469"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":1796,"end":1805},"obj":"CHEBI_23965"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":1816,"end":1828},"obj":"CHEBI_17347"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":1838,"end":1850},"obj":"CHEBI_17347"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":1447,"end":1453},"obj":"PATO_0000128"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":1455,"end":1461},"obj":"PATO_0000119"},{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1504},"obj":"CHEBI_4167"},{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1504},"obj":"CHEBI_42758"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1504},"obj":"CHEBI_17234"},{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":1506,"end":1519},"obj":"CHEBI_17855"},{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1543},"obj":"CHEBI_16113"},{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1548},"obj":"CHEBI_39025"},{"id":"T218","span":{"begin":1550,"end":1559},"obj":"CHEBI_81580"}],"text":"METHODS\n\nSubjects\nTwenty-five children and adolescents aged between 7 and 18 years who had been taking risperidone for at least 3 months were recruited from outpatient child psychiatric clinics. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board (Inje University). The parents provided written informed consent for their children to participate in the study, and the children assented to their participation. Basic data were obtained, including age, gender, height and weight, medication and dosage, adverse effects history, other medications being taken, family medical history, and diagnoses. Patients were excluded from participation if they had been taking other antipsychotics, or were taking any medication or had any physical condition that could affect prolactin and hormonal levels. This was the first visit to the psychiatric clinic for all of the included patients, and so none of them had a history of antipsychotic treatment before the study. Concomitant treatment with antidepressants, anticholinergics, and benzodiazepines was allowed. Diagnoses were established by the child and adolescent psychiatrist who was treating the patient, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria.\n\nProcedure\nBlood was collected by standard venipuncture. A range of common adverse effects was assessed through questioning the patients and their parents. The following parameters were measured: weight, height, BMI (kg/m2), and plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HDL, prolactin, thyroid hormones [free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine, bound T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone], alanine transaminase, and the sex hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, estrogen, and estradiol in girls; testosterone and free testosterone in boys].\n\nStatistical methodss\nSAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and SALT 2.5 were used for all statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographics, clinical measures, and laboratory values. Quantitative data are expressed as mean±SD values. Group comparisons were made using independent-samples t-test, and Pearson's correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. For all statistical analyses, the level of statistical significance was set at p\u003c0.05 (two-tailed).\n"}