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{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25653508-21654869-82945968","span":{"begin":267,"end":269},"obj":"21654869"},{"id":"T59690","span":{"begin":267,"end":269},"obj":"21654869"}],"text":"Survey instrument\nAn ActualMeds™ online survey (designed for touch screen use) that was previously validated by the principal investigator’s research team for assessing self-medication behavior in older adults was modified and then adopted for this research study.14,15 The medication database that is linked to the ActualMeds online survey included such agents as marijuana, methamphetamine, energy drinks (eg, Monster Energy®, Red Bull®, 5-Hour Energy™, etc), caffeine (ie, pills and gum such as Jolt®, Penguin®, Blitz®, etc), chewing tobacco, ecstasy, protein supplements (eg, whey protein, creatine, Opti-Men™, Muscle Milk®, etc), and food (eg, coffee, tea, espresso, soda, milk, carbohydrates, bread, and hot sauce). Colloquial terms for each agent were also used in the survey (eg, molly, weed, juice, coke, and roofies). The research team fact-checked the accuracy of the medication data linked to the online survey and ascertained the survey’s usability by testing it four different times before administering the survey.\nThe survey items included four categories of questions: (1) demographics, (2) lifestyle, (3) health conditions and symptoms, and (4) medication use. Demographic questions inquired about characteristics such as gender, class standing, race/ethnicity, student-group affiliations (eg, sports, groups, sororities, and fraternities), residence (eg, campus or off-campus housing), and most frequented meal locations.\nQuestions that measure the general lifestyle profile included, for instance, amount of exercise in the last month, hours of sleep per night, smoking status (cigarettes and chewing tobacco), nicotine craving, energy drink/supplement consumption, and the primary medical information source. Respondents were also asked if they had consumed wine, beer, or liquor in the past month. If they selected “yes” to this question, they were prompted to provide a response to questions on the following: (1) the number of drinks they would have on a typical day; (2) how many days a week they drank; (3) what they usually took, if anything, prior to consuming alcohol; (4) what they mixed, if anything, with the alcohol consumed; and (5) what they took, if anything, to treat a hangover. To ensure consistency in drink-size measurement, an image of a standard drink reference was displayed.\nSurvey questions that assessed respondents’ health contained such items as all medical conditions in the past year (via a drop-down menu), the presence of any health symptoms in the past month (via a drop-down menu), and a self-rating of one’s own health in the past month (via the scale “poor, fair, average, good, or very good”). Medication-use questions (dichotomously coded) asked respondents which medication they used, if any, to care for common conditions or illnesses such as eye issues, diabetes, low thyroid, depression, pain, anxiety, indigestion, allergies, colds, or sinus problems. Other medication questions queried respondents which medication or supplement they took, if any, to help them sleep, stay awake, improve sexual performance, lose weight, gain muscle, or improve athletic performance. Additional medication questions probed respondents about whether they took any other prescribed or over-the-counter (OTC) medications or nutrition supplements (ie, vitamins, minerals, or herbs).\nFor the medication-use questions, if respondents answered an affirmative to any of them, they were directed to a database that provided an A–Z drop-down list to identify the agent(s) that they took (including prescribed and OTC medications, nutrition supplements, herbals, and alcohol and tobacco products). Respondents were also given the option to type in the agent(s) they used for each question, if the generic or brand name of the agent was not available in the database. For example, a respondent could report several different pain relievers in response to the question “What did you use for pain in the past month?” For each agent chosen or entered, the respondents were also directed to: (1) answer how many days a week they had taken it over the past month and (2) report how much, when, and how many times they took the agent by clicking on a 24-hour clock face. Following that, respondents were redirected to answer the other remaining questions."}

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NEUROSES

PMC:4309786 / 4278-8563 JSON TXT