PMC:4307366 / 1750-4639 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25657768-15024549-54197790","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1104},"obj":"15024549"},{"id":"25657768-18080171-54197791","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"18080171"},{"id":"25657768-18582177-54197791","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"18582177"},{"id":"25657768-17019624-54197791","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"17019624"},{"id":"25657768-17069546-54197791","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"17069546"},{"id":"25657768-16948927-54197791","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"16948927"},{"id":"25657768-18759643-54197792","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"18759643"},{"id":"25657768-17075688-54197792","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"17075688"},{"id":"25657768-16958564-54197792","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"16958564"},{"id":"25657768-16513860-54197792","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"16513860"},{"id":"25657768-16768634-54197793","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"16768634"},{"id":"25657768-15608545-54197793","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"15608545"},{"id":"25657768-12153826-54197793","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"12153826"},{"id":"25657768-12218423-54197793","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"12218423"},{"id":"25657768-2723129-54197794","span":{"begin":2311,"end":2313},"obj":"2723129"},{"id":"25657768-2016248-54197795","span":{"begin":2314,"end":2316},"obj":"2016248"},{"id":"T39767","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1104},"obj":"15024549"},{"id":"T27662","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"18080171"},{"id":"T4563","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"18582177"},{"id":"T43709","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"17019624"},{"id":"T97038","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"17069546"},{"id":"T32841","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1332},"obj":"16948927"},{"id":"T1157","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"18759643"},{"id":"T26120","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"17075688"},{"id":"T79847","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"16958564"},{"id":"T9167","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1371},"obj":"16513860"},{"id":"T27772","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"16768634"},{"id":"T33833","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"15608545"},{"id":"T69042","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"12153826"},{"id":"T38935","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1408},"obj":"12218423"},{"id":"T16637","span":{"begin":2311,"end":2313},"obj":"2723129"},{"id":"T50784","span":{"begin":2314,"end":2316},"obj":"2016248"}],"text":"Introduction\nChildren with late-diagnosed phenylketonuria (PKU) suffer from severe behavioral problems except for intellectual disability. Hyperphenylalaninemia causes several behavioral disorders through suppression of dopamine and serotonin turnover that affects the prefrontal cortex of the brain (1). Common behavior problems in these children include autistic behaviors, aggression, hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, attention-deficit, and disruptive stereotypic movements (1,2). Lack of a pervasive PKU screening programs in Iran until one year ago have led to encountering a high number of late-diagnosed PKU patients with severe behavioral disorders. Parents of these children usually complain of uncontrollable and annoying behavior of their children, in addition to difficult feeding with phenylalanine-restricted diet, and they are often looking for a treatment to reduce behavioral problems. Current treatments available for reducing these types of disorders include antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, receptor 2α agonists, tricyclic antidepressants, and stimulant drugs such as Ritalin (3,4).\nSeveral studies have shown the effectiveness of risperidone, atypical antipsychotics, and antagonists of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors in controlling behavior problems (4), pervasive developmental disorders (5-10), disruptive behavior disorders (11-14), and intellectual disability (15-18). \nHence, this drug has become the first-choice treatment for most behavioral disorders in patients with brain structural disorders. One of the major problems in the management of behavior disorders by antipsychotic drugs in these patients is the lack of clinical response and the occurrence of adverse effects in a portion of patients. Therefore, in these patients, alternative drugs are needed.\nSome studies have reported the effectiveness of buspirone, a partial agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine- 1A (5-HT 1A) in the control of hostility and aggressive behaviors secondary to brain structural disorders (19). \nAnother study has shown the effects of buspirone on the control of behavior disorders caused by brain trauma (20). In addition, some reports have indicated the efficacy of this drug in reducing anxiety and aggression in children with intellectual disabilities and autistic disorders (21,22).\nThe main purpose of this study compares the effects of risperidone and buspirone for treatment of behavioral disorders in children with PKU. If our findings are confirmed, buspirone can be introduced as an alternative drug to this group. The reason of selection of PKU patients for comparison of these two drugs were: firstly, the needs of these patients for an alternative drug and lack of similar studies on these patients; and secondly, in studies on patients with different underlying brain problems require a detailed interpretation of the results was not possible."}

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":1214,"end":1222},"obj":"CHEBI_18243"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":220,"end":228},"obj":"CHEBI_59905"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":1214,"end":1222},"obj":"CHEBI_59905"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":233,"end":242},"obj":"CHEBI_350546"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":1230,"end":1239},"obj":"CHEBI_350546"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":233,"end":242},"obj":"CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":1230,"end":1239},"obj":"CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":1240,"end":1244},"obj":"CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":1893,"end":1912},"obj":"CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1918,"end":1922},"obj":"CHEBI_28790"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":561,"end":564},"obj":"CHEBI_43739"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":583,"end":587},"obj":"PATO_0000469"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":800,"end":813},"obj":"CHEBI_17295"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":800,"end":813},"obj":"CHEBI_28044"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":980,"end":994},"obj":"CHEBI_35476"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":1004,"end":1015},"obj":"CHEBI_77966"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":1029,"end":1037},"obj":"CHEBI_48705"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":1878,"end":1885},"obj":"CHEBI_48705"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":1049,"end":1064},"obj":"CHEBI_35469"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":1080,"end":1085},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":1427,"end":1431},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":1791,"end":1796},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":2204,"end":2208},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":2537,"end":2541},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":2625,"end":2630},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":2693,"end":2697},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":1094,"end":1101},"obj":"CHEBI_31836"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":1157,"end":1168},"obj":"CHEBI_8871"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":2374,"end":2385},"obj":"CHEBI_8871"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1210},"obj":"CHEBI_48706"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":1693,"end":1703},"obj":"PATO_0000057"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":1857,"end":1866},"obj":"CHEBI_3223"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":2066,"end":2075},"obj":"CHEBI_3223"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":2390,"end":2399},"obj":"CHEBI_3223"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":2491,"end":2500},"obj":"CHEBI_3223"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":1959,"end":1969},"obj":"PATO_0000871"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":1980,"end":1989},"obj":"PATO_0002532"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":2550,"end":2555},"obj":"CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":27,"end":31},"obj":"PATO_0000502"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":598,"end":602},"obj":"PATO_0000502"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":27,"end":31},"obj":"PATO_0000693"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":598,"end":602},"obj":"PATO_0000693"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":220,"end":228},"obj":"CHEBI_18243"}],"text":"Introduction\nChildren with late-diagnosed phenylketonuria (PKU) suffer from severe behavioral problems except for intellectual disability. Hyperphenylalaninemia causes several behavioral disorders through suppression of dopamine and serotonin turnover that affects the prefrontal cortex of the brain (1). Common behavior problems in these children include autistic behaviors, aggression, hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, attention-deficit, and disruptive stereotypic movements (1,2). Lack of a pervasive PKU screening programs in Iran until one year ago have led to encountering a high number of late-diagnosed PKU patients with severe behavioral disorders. Parents of these children usually complain of uncontrollable and annoying behavior of their children, in addition to difficult feeding with phenylalanine-restricted diet, and they are often looking for a treatment to reduce behavioral problems. Current treatments available for reducing these types of disorders include antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, receptor 2α agonists, tricyclic antidepressants, and stimulant drugs such as Ritalin (3,4).\nSeveral studies have shown the effectiveness of risperidone, atypical antipsychotics, and antagonists of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors in controlling behavior problems (4), pervasive developmental disorders (5-10), disruptive behavior disorders (11-14), and intellectual disability (15-18). \nHence, this drug has become the first-choice treatment for most behavioral disorders in patients with brain structural disorders. One of the major problems in the management of behavior disorders by antipsychotic drugs in these patients is the lack of clinical response and the occurrence of adverse effects in a portion of patients. Therefore, in these patients, alternative drugs are needed.\nSome studies have reported the effectiveness of buspirone, a partial agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine- 1A (5-HT 1A) in the control of hostility and aggressive behaviors secondary to brain structural disorders (19). \nAnother study has shown the effects of buspirone on the control of behavior disorders caused by brain trauma (20). In addition, some reports have indicated the efficacy of this drug in reducing anxiety and aggression in children with intellectual disabilities and autistic disorders (21,22).\nThe main purpose of this study compares the effects of risperidone and buspirone for treatment of behavioral disorders in children with PKU. If our findings are confirmed, buspirone can be introduced as an alternative drug to this group. The reason of selection of PKU patients for comparison of these two drugs were: firstly, the needs of these patients for an alternative drug and lack of similar studies on these patients; and secondly, in studies on patients with different underlying brain problems require a detailed interpretation of the results was not possible."}