PMC:4301621 / 17914-20706
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4301621","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4301621","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4301621","text":"To further investigate the pathways associated with PUFA biosynthesis and metabolism, genome annotation, literature mining and KEGG database analysis were performed. ARA is a ω-6 PUFA synthesized by M. alpina (Figure 3). ARA (c204(6)) is synthesized from acetyl-CoA in 38 enzymatic steps, including the de novo synthesis of palmitic acid (c160) and the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids. During PUFA biosynthesis, all fatty acids should be in the form of acyl-CoA [2]. Desaturase and elongase were necessary for the conversion of octadecanoyl-CoA (c180coa) to ARA. Δ9 desaturase [28] (MA-055-51, MA-101-533, MA-184-235), Δ12 desaturase [29] (MA-334-414) and Δ6 desaturase [30,31] (MA-268-54, MA-101-36) catalyzed the conversion of c180coa into γ-linolenoyl-CoA (c183(6)coa) which was subsequently lengthened to 8,11,14-eicosatrienoyl-CoA (c203(6)coa) by an elongase such as ELO/GLELO [30] (MA-189-257), MAELO [32] (MA-184-206) or MALCE1 [33] (MA-073-327, MA-320-221). Δ5 desaturase [10] (MA-326-160) catalyzed c203(6)coa to arachidonyl-CoA (c204(6)coa), which was finally hydrolyzed to c204(6) by choloyl-CoA hydrolase (MA-049-4, MA-139-47).\nFigure 3 Synthesis pathway of PUFAs in M . alpina . (accoa: acetyl-CoA, acp: acyl-carrier protein, acacp: Acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein], malcoa: malonyl-CoA, malacp: malonyl-[acp], aacacp: acetoacetyl [acp], c4hacp: (3R)-3-Hydroxybutanoyl-[acp], c4dacp: but-2-enoyl-[acp], c40acp: butanoyl-[acp], c6oacp: 3-oxohexanoyl-[acp], c6hacp: 3-hydroxyhexanoyl-[acp], c6dacp: hex-2-enoyl-[acp], c60acp: hexanoyl-[acp], c8oacp: 3-oxooctanoyl-[acp], c8hacp: 3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acp], c8dacp: oct-2-enoyl-[acp], c80acp: octanoyl-[acp], c10oacp: 3-oxodecanoyl-[acp], c10hacp: 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acp], c10dacp: dec-2-enoyl-[acp], c100acp: decanoyl-[acp], c12oacp: 3-oxododecanoyl-[acp], c12hacp: 3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-[acp], c12dacp: dodec-2-enoyl-[acp], c120acp: dodecanoyl-[acp], c14oacp: 3-oxomyristoyl-[acp], c14dacp: tetradec-2-enoyl-[acp], c14hacp: 3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acp], c140acp: myristoyl-[acp], c16oacp: 3-oxohexadecanoyl-[acp], c16hacp: (3R)-3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acp], c16dacp: hexadec-2-enoyl-[acp], c160acp: hexadecanoyl-[acp], c160: palmitic acid, c160coa: hexadecanoyl-CoA, c180coa: octadecanoyl-CoA, c181coa: octadecenoyl-CoA, c182coa: linoleoyl-CoA, c183(6)coa: gamma-Linolenoyl-CoA, c203(6)coa: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoyl-CoA, c204(6)coa: Arachidonyl-CoA, c204(6): ARA, c183(3)coa: alpha-Linolenoyl-CoA, c184(3)coa: Stearidonoyl-CoA, c204(3)coa: (11Z,14Z,17Z)-Icosatrienoyl-CoA, c205(3)coa: eicosapentaenoyl-CoA, c225(3)coa: (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosapentaenoyl-CoA, c245(3)coa: (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-Tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA, c246(3)coa: (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-Tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA, c226(3)coa: (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoyl-CoA).","divisions":[{"label":"label","span":{"begin":1149,"end":1157}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25582171-22174787-14905487","span":{"begin":472,"end":473},"obj":"22174787"},{"id":"25582171-16133334-14905488","span":{"begin":587,"end":589},"obj":"16133334"},{"id":"25582171-19217543-14905489","span":{"begin":644,"end":646},"obj":"19217543"},{"id":"25582171-12784608-14905490","span":{"begin":683,"end":685},"obj":"12784608"},{"id":"25582171-18795285-14905491","span":{"begin":917,"end":919},"obj":"18795285"},{"id":"25582171-19415268-14905492","span":{"begin":945,"end":947},"obj":"19415268"},{"id":"25582171-16233793-14905493","span":{"begin":990,"end":992},"obj":"16233793"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25582171-22174787-14905487","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25582171-16133334-14905488","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25582171-19217543-14905489","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25582171-12784608-14905490","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25582171-18795285-14905491","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25582171-19415268-14905492","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25582171-16233793-14905493","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#ecd593","default":true}]}]}}