PMC:4277126 / 49946-52024
Annnotations
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25552899-24692350-26094266","span":{"begin":204,"end":206},"obj":"24692350"},{"id":"25552899-24938525-26094266","span":{"begin":204,"end":206},"obj":"24938525"},{"id":"25552899-25075198-26094266","span":{"begin":204,"end":206},"obj":"25075198"},{"id":"25552899-24424198-26094267","span":{"begin":410,"end":412},"obj":"24424198"},{"id":"25552899-15168363-26094268","span":{"begin":837,"end":839},"obj":"15168363"},{"id":"25552899-25075198-26094269","span":{"begin":1092,"end":1094},"obj":"25075198"},{"id":"25552899-24548752-26094270","span":{"begin":1147,"end":1149},"obj":"24548752"},{"id":"25552899-24548752-26094271","span":{"begin":1760,"end":1762},"obj":"24548752"}],"text":"Effects of LBPs on experimental colitis\nInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.67–70 The two most common IBDs are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In contrast to Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis is restricted to the colon and the inflammation is limited to the mucosal layer.71 Patients affected by these diseases experience abdominal symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stools, and vomiting. The data that does exist suggest that the worldwide incidence rate of ulcerative colitis varies greatly between 0.5 and 24.5/100,000 persons, while that of Crohn’s disease varies between 0.1 and 16/100,000 persons worldwide, with the prevalence rate of IBD reaching up to 396/100,000 persons.72 The major classes of drugs used today to treat IBD include aminosalicylates, steroids, immune modifiers (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate), antibiotics (metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxin, others), and biologic therapy (inflixamab).70 All these drugs may produce side effects.\nZhao et al73 investigated the prophylactic and curative effects of crude polysaccharides (QHPS) extracted from a two-herb formula composed of LBPs and Astragalus (Huangqi) at a ratio of 2:3 in colitis rats. An acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis rat model was used in the study. The results showed that QHPS treatments effectively reduced the ulcerative colitis-associated weight loss and diarrhea and attenuated the colonic mucosal damage associated with inducible colitis. The significant increase in serum levels of diamine oxidase, D-lactate, and endotoxin was induced by acetic acid and inhibited by QHPS treatment.73 Furthermore, QHPS significantly stimulated rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. This study indicated that polysaccharides extracted from this two-herb formula could protect against experimental ulcerative colitis, presumably by promoting the recovery of the intestinal barrier."}
NEUROSES
{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T954","span":{"begin":1573,"end":1579},"obj":"PATO_0001020"},{"id":"T955","span":{"begin":1659,"end":1666},"obj":"CHEBI_15571"},{"id":"T956","span":{"begin":1659,"end":1666},"obj":"CHEBI_23666"},{"id":"T957","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1685},"obj":"CHEBI_16004"},{"id":"T958","span":{"begin":40,"end":66},"obj":"PM4819"},{"id":"T924","span":{"begin":40,"end":52},"obj":"PATO_0002104"},{"id":"T925","span":{"begin":78,"end":83},"obj":"PATO_0000600"},{"id":"T926","span":{"begin":78,"end":83},"obj":"PATO_0002359"},{"id":"T927","span":{"begin":120,"end":127},"obj":"PATO_0001863"},{"id":"T928","span":{"begin":120,"end":127},"obj":"PATO_0000498"},{"id":"T929","span":{"begin":141,"end":147},"obj":"PATO_0001179"},{"id":"T930","span":{"begin":927,"end":933},"obj":"PATO_0001179"},{"id":"T931","span":{"begin":381,"end":388},"obj":"PATO_0000392"},{"id":"T932","span":{"begin":597,"end":606},"obj":"PATO_0000057"},{"id":"T933","span":{"begin":607,"end":611},"obj":"PATO_0000161"},{"id":"T934","span":{"begin":790,"end":794},"obj":"PATO_0000161"},{"id":"T935","span":{"begin":607,"end":611},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T936","span":{"begin":790,"end":794},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T937","span":{"begin":1314,"end":1319},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T938","span":{"begin":861,"end":866},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T939","span":{"begin":1105,"end":1110},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T940","span":{"begin":917,"end":925},"obj":"CHEBI_35341"},{"id":"T941","span":{"begin":945,"end":957},"obj":"CHEBI_2948"},{"id":"T942","span":{"begin":959,"end":975},"obj":"CHEBI_50667"},{"id":"T943","span":{"begin":981,"end":993},"obj":"CHEBI_44185"},{"id":"T944","span":{"begin":996,"end":1007},"obj":"CHEBI_22582"},{"id":"T945","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1022},"obj":"CHEBI_6909"},{"id":"T946","span":{"begin":1024,"end":1034},"obj":"CHEBI_28971"},{"id":"T947","span":{"begin":1210,"end":1225},"obj":"CHEBI_18154"},{"id":"T948","span":{"begin":1907,"end":1922},"obj":"CHEBI_18154"},{"id":"T949","span":{"begin":1314,"end":1319},"obj":"PATO_0001038"},{"id":"T950","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1478},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T951","span":{"begin":1502,"end":1512},"obj":"PATO_0001668"},{"id":"T952","span":{"begin":1513,"end":1519},"obj":"PATO_0000128"},{"id":"T953","span":{"begin":1542,"end":1552},"obj":"PATO_0002147"}],"text":"Effects of LBPs on experimental colitis\nInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.67–70 The two most common IBDs are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. In contrast to Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis is restricted to the colon and the inflammation is limited to the mucosal layer.71 Patients affected by these diseases experience abdominal symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stools, and vomiting. The data that does exist suggest that the worldwide incidence rate of ulcerative colitis varies greatly between 0.5 and 24.5/100,000 persons, while that of Crohn’s disease varies between 0.1 and 16/100,000 persons worldwide, with the prevalence rate of IBD reaching up to 396/100,000 persons.72 The major classes of drugs used today to treat IBD include aminosalicylates, steroids, immune modifiers (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate), antibiotics (metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxin, others), and biologic therapy (inflixamab).70 All these drugs may produce side effects.\nZhao et al73 investigated the prophylactic and curative effects of crude polysaccharides (QHPS) extracted from a two-herb formula composed of LBPs and Astragalus (Huangqi) at a ratio of 2:3 in colitis rats. An acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis rat model was used in the study. The results showed that QHPS treatments effectively reduced the ulcerative colitis-associated weight loss and diarrhea and attenuated the colonic mucosal damage associated with inducible colitis. The significant increase in serum levels of diamine oxidase, D-lactate, and endotoxin was induced by acetic acid and inhibited by QHPS treatment.73 Furthermore, QHPS significantly stimulated rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. This study indicated that polysaccharides extracted from this two-herb formula could protect against experimental ulcerative colitis, presumably by promoting the recovery of the intestinal barrier."}