PMC:4277126 / 128166-130055 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25552899-24505383-26094466","span":{"begin":61,"end":64},"obj":"24505383"},{"id":"25552899-24505383-26094467","span":{"begin":956,"end":959},"obj":"24505383"},{"id":"25552899-24505383-26094468","span":{"begin":1319,"end":1322},"obj":"24505383"},{"id":"25552899-24505383-26094469","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1587},"obj":"24505383"}],"text":"Scopolamine-induced brain injury\nA recent study by Chen et al154 reported the therapeutic effects of LBPs on learning and memory and neurogenesis in scopolamine (SCO)-treated adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. SCO was used to induce learning and memory deficits. LBPs were administered 0.2 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg body weight per day via gastric perfusion for 14 days before the onset of subcutaneous SCO treatment for a further 4 weeks. LBPs used were extracted with boiling water, followed by precipitation with ethanol, protein hydrolysis, dialysis, and fractionation with a diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose CL-6B column. An osmotic pump containing SCO solution at 440 mg/mL was subcutaneously embedded in the abdominal wall of rats and SCO release at a rate of 0.25 µL/h was maintained for 28 days and administration of LBPs was continued as before, throughout SCO treatment. LBPs at both doses almost restored the memory and learning abilities in SCO-treated rats.154 LBPs prevented SCO-induced reduction in neuronal proliferation and enhanced neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats.\nLBP treatment also protected the dendrites from damage by SCO. LBPs dose-dependently decreased the SCO-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus and reversed the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 induced by SCO treatment.154 LBPs significantly increased hippocampal SOD and GPx activity and reduced MDA level in SCO-treated rats. However, LBPs did not affect the SCO-induced elevation of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor level.154 These results suggest that LBPs prevent SCO-induced cognitive and memory impairments and reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis are the two major mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of LBPs in SCO-treated rats (Figure 12)."}

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T2633","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"CHEBI_16794"},{"id":"T2634","span":{"begin":149,"end":160},"obj":"CHEBI_16794"},{"id":"T2658","span":{"begin":0,"end":11},"obj":"CHEBI_16794"},{"id":"T2659","span":{"begin":149,"end":160},"obj":"CHEBI_16794"},{"id":"T2660","span":{"begin":35,"end":41},"obj":"PATO_0001484"},{"id":"T2661","span":{"begin":109,"end":117},"obj":"PATO_0000200"},{"id":"T2662","span":{"begin":122,"end":128},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T2663","span":{"begin":181,"end":185},"obj":"PATO_0000384"},{"id":"T2664","span":{"begin":181,"end":185},"obj":"CHEBI_30780"},{"id":"T2665","span":{"begin":230,"end":238},"obj":"PATO_0000200"},{"id":"T2666","span":{"begin":917,"end":925},"obj":"PATO_0000200"},{"id":"T2667","span":{"begin":243,"end":249},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T2668","span":{"begin":906,"end":912},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T2669","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1660},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T2670","span":{"begin":309,"end":315},"obj":"PATO_0000128"},{"id":"T2671","span":{"begin":378,"end":390},"obj":"PATO_0002438"},{"id":"T2672","span":{"begin":466,"end":471},"obj":"CHEBI_15377"},{"id":"T2673","span":{"begin":466,"end":471},"obj":"CHEBI_46629"},{"id":"T2674","span":{"begin":504,"end":511},"obj":"CHEBI_44730"},{"id":"T2675","span":{"begin":504,"end":511},"obj":"CHEBI_16236"},{"id":"T2676","span":{"begin":513,"end":520},"obj":"CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"T2677","span":{"begin":513,"end":520},"obj":"CHEBI_16541"},{"id":"T2678","span":{"begin":568,"end":587},"obj":"CHEBI_52153"},{"id":"T2679","span":{"begin":588,"end":597},"obj":"CHEBI_2511"},{"id":"T2680","span":{"begin":598,"end":601},"obj":"CHEBI_17996"},{"id":"T2681","span":{"begin":744,"end":748},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T2682","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1280},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T2683","span":{"begin":744,"end":748},"obj":"PATO_0000161"},{"id":"T2684","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1035},"obj":"PATO_0001589"},{"id":"T2685","span":{"begin":1082,"end":1089},"obj":"PATO_0001205"},{"id":"T2686","span":{"begin":1153,"end":1159},"obj":"PATO_0001020"},{"id":"T2687","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1199},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T2688","span":{"begin":1389,"end":1396},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T2689","span":{"begin":1252,"end":1260},"obj":"PATO_0000625"},{"id":"T2690","span":{"begin":1265,"end":1274},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T2691","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1351},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T2692","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1280},"obj":"PATO_0001038"},{"id":"T2693","span":{"begin":1397,"end":1400},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T2694","span":{"begin":1442,"end":1445},"obj":"CHEBI_52027"},{"id":"T2695","span":{"begin":1473,"end":1482},"obj":"PATO_0001687"}],"text":"Scopolamine-induced brain injury\nA recent study by Chen et al154 reported the therapeutic effects of LBPs on learning and memory and neurogenesis in scopolamine (SCO)-treated adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. SCO was used to induce learning and memory deficits. LBPs were administered 0.2 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg body weight per day via gastric perfusion for 14 days before the onset of subcutaneous SCO treatment for a further 4 weeks. LBPs used were extracted with boiling water, followed by precipitation with ethanol, protein hydrolysis, dialysis, and fractionation with a diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose CL-6B column. An osmotic pump containing SCO solution at 440 mg/mL was subcutaneously embedded in the abdominal wall of rats and SCO release at a rate of 0.25 µL/h was maintained for 28 days and administration of LBPs was continued as before, throughout SCO treatment. LBPs at both doses almost restored the memory and learning abilities in SCO-treated rats.154 LBPs prevented SCO-induced reduction in neuronal proliferation and enhanced neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats.\nLBP treatment also protected the dendrites from damage by SCO. LBPs dose-dependently decreased the SCO-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus and reversed the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 induced by SCO treatment.154 LBPs significantly increased hippocampal SOD and GPx activity and reduced MDA level in SCO-treated rats. However, LBPs did not affect the SCO-induced elevation of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor level.154 These results suggest that LBPs prevent SCO-induced cognitive and memory impairments and reductions in hippocampal cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis are the two major mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of LBPs in SCO-treated rats (Figure 12)."}