PMC:4277126 / 106240-109115 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4277126","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4277126","source_url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4277126","text":"Dendritic cells\nDendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play pivotal roles in the initiation of the adaptive (T and B cell) immune response.141,142 The principal function of DCs is to present antigens, and only DCs have the ability to induce a primary immune response in resting naïve T lymphocytes. DCs also play a role in the maintenance of B cell function and recall responses. DCs express a variety of adhesion molecules including CD11a (integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, namely LFA-1), CD11c/CD18, CD50 (ICAM-2), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD58 (LFA-3), and CD102 (ICAM-3).141,142 CD11a/LFA-1 plays a central role in leukocyte intercellular adhesion through interactions with its ligands, ICAMs 1-3, and also functions in lymphocyte costimulatory signaling. DCs also express costimulatory molecules including CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2), which are upregulated during DC activation. CD86 tends to be a marker of early DC maturation, while CD80 only appears in mature DC.141,142\nThe effects of LBPs on the phenotypic and functional maturation of murine bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) were investigated in vitro by Zhu et al.143 The co-expression of MHC-II, CD11c, and secretion of IL-12 p40 by BMDCs stimulated with 100 mg/L LBPs increased significantly. LBPs are capable of promoting both the phenotypic and functional maturation of murine BMDCs in vitro.\nChen et al144 reported that LBPs induced phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs with strong immunogenicity. LBPs can upregulate the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II molecules on DCs, downregulate DC uptake of antigen, enhance allostimulatory activity of DCs, and induce the production of IL-12p40 and p70 in DCs.144 LBP-treated DCs can enhance both Th1 and Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo. LBPs may serve as a potent adjuvant for the design of DC-based vaccines.\nChen et al145 investigated the effect of LBPs on differentiation and maturation of healthy human peripheral blood-derived DCs cultured in different tumor microenvironment in vitro. Peripheral blood-derived DC precursor cells were obtained by the density-gradient centrifugation method, and the tumor-cell supernatants were used to prepare conditioned medium. The GM-CSF and IL-4-induced DC precursor cell differentiation to DCs, the TNF-α promoted the immature DCs developed to mature DCs. In LBP-treated groups, the molecular phenotype of DCs, their capacity to stimulate allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation, and the levels of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ secretion were higher than the untreated group.145 Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB of the DCs in the medium treated with LBPs was higher than the untreated group.145 Between the two different tumor microenvironment groups, the nuclear NF-κB expression was obviously different. LBP could increase the expression of the phenotype of DCs via NF-κB signaling 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