PMC:4195273 / 970-2631
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4195273","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4195273","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4195273","text":"Experiments conducted with acute administration of cocaine or amphetamine in rodents resulted in the upregulation of a particular mRNA species in the striatum of the brain that was subsequently named “cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript” (CART) and the encoded peptides are referred to as CART peptides (Spiess et al., 1981; Douglass et al., 1995). Importantly, CART mRNA levels were also found increased in the nucleus accumbens on post-mortem tissues from human victims of cocaine overdose (Albertson et al., 2004). CART is transcribed as two alternatively spliced mRNAs that are of different lengths and hence produce pro-peptides of different lengths, called proCART 1–89 and proCART 1–102 (Douglass et al., 1995; Douglass and Daoud, 1996). However, the mRNA splicing has no effect on the final peptide, as the active parts of the CART peptides are encoded by a sequence that lies downstream of the spliced region and is therefore identical in both pro-peptides (Douglass et al., 1995; Dey et al., 2003). However, the proCART peptides contain several cleavage sites that allow post-translational processing by pro-hormone convertases in a tissue-specific manner (Seidah et al., 1991; Douglass et al., 1995; Douglass and Daoud, 1996; Dong et al., 1997; Koylu et al., 1997; Steiner, 1998; Kuhar and Yoho, 1999; Thim et al., 1999; Vrang et al., 1999a; Dun et al., 2000; Dey et al., 2003; Stein et al., 2006). This processing produces at least two known biologically active peptides, CART I (55–102) and CART II (62–102), each containing three potential disulphide bridges (Douglass et al., 1995; Thim et al., 1998; Dey et al., 2003; Dominguez, 2006).","tracks":[{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-7225368-357206","span":{"begin":329,"end":333},"obj":"7225368"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-357207","span":{"begin":352,"end":356},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-15009677-357208","span":{"begin":521,"end":525},"obj":"15009677"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-357209","span":{"begin":722,"end":726},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-8647455-357210","span":{"begin":748,"end":752},"obj":"8647455"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-357211","span":{"begin":994,"end":998},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-12584191-357212","span":{"begin":1012,"end":1016},"obj":"12584191"},{"id":"25352770-2017186-357213","span":{"begin":1192,"end":1196},"obj":"2017186"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-357214","span":{"begin":1215,"end":1219},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-8647455-357215","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1245},"obj":"8647455"},{"id":"25352770-8987779-357216","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1264},"obj":"8987779"},{"id":"25352770-9419833-357217","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1284},"obj":"9419833"},{"id":"25352770-9667917-357218","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1299},"obj":"9667917"},{"id":"25352770-10420164-357219","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1321},"obj":"10420164"},{"id":"25352770-10077578-357220","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1340},"obj":"10077578"},{"id":"25352770-11058560-357222","span":{"begin":1375,"end":1379},"obj":"11058560"},{"id":"25352770-12584191-357223","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1397},"obj":"12584191"},{"id":"25352770-16800814-357224","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1417},"obj":"16800814"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-357225","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1605},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-9654146-357226","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1624},"obj":"9654146"},{"id":"25352770-12584191-357227","span":{"begin":1638,"end":1642},"obj":"12584191"},{"id":"25352770-16716454-357228","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1659},"obj":"16716454"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25352770-7225368-357206","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-357207","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-15009677-357208","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-357209","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-8647455-357210","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-357211","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-12584191-357212","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-2017186-357213","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-357214","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-8647455-357215","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-8987779-357216","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-9419833-357217","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-9667917-357218","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-10420164-357219","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-10077578-357220","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-11058560-357222","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-12584191-357223","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-16800814-357224","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-357225","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-9654146-357226","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-12584191-357227","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-16716454-357228","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-7225368-38284195","span":{"begin":329,"end":333},"obj":"7225368"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-38284196","span":{"begin":352,"end":356},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-15009677-38284197","span":{"begin":521,"end":525},"obj":"15009677"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-38284198","span":{"begin":722,"end":726},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-8647455-38284199","span":{"begin":748,"end":752},"obj":"8647455"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-38284200","span":{"begin":994,"end":998},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-12584191-38284201","span":{"begin":1012,"end":1016},"obj":"12584191"},{"id":"25352770-2017186-38284202","span":{"begin":1192,"end":1196},"obj":"2017186"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-38284203","span":{"begin":1215,"end":1219},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-8647455-38284204","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1245},"obj":"8647455"},{"id":"25352770-8987779-38284205","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1264},"obj":"8987779"},{"id":"25352770-9419833-38284206","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1284},"obj":"9419833"},{"id":"25352770-9667917-38284207","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1299},"obj":"9667917"},{"id":"25352770-10420164-38284208","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1321},"obj":"10420164"},{"id":"25352770-10077578-38284209","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1340},"obj":"10077578"},{"id":"25352770-11058560-38284211","span":{"begin":1375,"end":1379},"obj":"11058560"},{"id":"25352770-12584191-38284212","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1397},"obj":"12584191"},{"id":"25352770-16800814-38284213","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1417},"obj":"16800814"},{"id":"25352770-7891182-38284214","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1605},"obj":"7891182"},{"id":"25352770-9654146-38284215","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1624},"obj":"9654146"},{"id":"25352770-12584191-38284216","span":{"begin":1638,"end":1642},"obj":"12584191"},{"id":"25352770-16716454-38284217","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1659},"obj":"16716454"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25352770-7225368-38284195","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-38284196","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-15009677-38284197","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-38284198","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-8647455-38284199","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-38284200","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-12584191-38284201","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-2017186-38284202","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-38284203","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-8647455-38284204","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-8987779-38284205","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-9419833-38284206","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-9667917-38284207","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-10420164-38284208","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-10077578-38284209","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-11058560-38284211","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-12584191-38284212","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-16800814-38284213","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-7891182-38284214","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-9654146-38284215","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-12584191-38284216","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25352770-16716454-38284217","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-235-243-357206","span":{"begin":329,"end":333},"obj":"[\"7225368\"]"},{"id":"25352770-235-243-357207","span":{"begin":352,"end":356},"obj":"[\"7891182\"]"},{"id":"25352770-162-170-357208","span":{"begin":521,"end":525},"obj":"[\"15009677\"]"},{"id":"25352770-194-202-357209","span":{"begin":722,"end":726},"obj":"[\"7891182\"]"},{"id":"25352770-220-228-357210","span":{"begin":748,"end":752},"obj":"[\"8647455\"]"},{"id":"25352770-230-238-357211","span":{"begin":994,"end":998},"obj":"[\"7891182\"]"},{"id":"25352770-230-238-357212","span":{"begin":1012,"end":1016},"obj":"[\"12584191\"]"},{"id":"25352770-173-181-357213","span":{"begin":1192,"end":1196},"obj":"[\"2017186\"]"},{"id":"25352770-196-204-357214","span":{"begin":1215,"end":1219},"obj":"[\"7891182\"]"},{"id":"25352770-222-230-357215","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1245},"obj":"[\"8647455\"]"},{"id":"25352770-232-240-357216","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1264},"obj":"[\"8987779\"]"},{"id":"25352770-231-239-357217","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1284},"obj":"[\"9419833\"]"},{"id":"25352770-230-238-357218","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1299},"obj":"[\"9667917\"]"},{"id":"25352770-232-240-357219","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1321},"obj":"[\"10420164\"]"},{"id":"25352770-226-234-357220","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1340},"obj":"[\"10077578\"]"},{"id":"25352770-227-235-357222","span":{"begin":1375,"end":1379},"obj":"[\"11058560\"]"},{"id":"25352770-224-232-357223","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1397},"obj":"[\"12584191\"]"},{"id":"25352770-229-237-357224","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1417},"obj":"[\"16800814\"]"},{"id":"25352770-181-189-357225","span":{"begin":1601,"end":1605},"obj":"[\"7891182\"]"},{"id":"25352770-200-208-357226","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1624},"obj":"[\"9654146\"]"},{"id":"25352770-218-226-357227","span":{"begin":1638,"end":1642},"obj":"[\"12584191\"]"},{"id":"25352770-235-243-357228","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1659},"obj":"[\"16716454\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25352770-235-243-357206","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-235-243-357207","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-162-170-357208","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-194-202-357209","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-220-228-357210","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-230-238-357211","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-230-238-357212","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-173-181-357213","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-196-204-357214","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-222-230-357215","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-232-240-357216","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-231-239-357217","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-230-238-357218","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-232-240-357219","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-226-234-357220","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-227-235-357222","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-224-232-357223","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-229-237-357224","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-181-189-357225","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-200-208-357226","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-218-226-357227","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-235-243-357228","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"0_colil","color":"#939cec","default":true},{"id":"2_test","color":"#b6ec93"},{"id":"TEST0","color":"#ec93d1"}]}]}}