PMC:4195273 / 73601-75169 JSONTXT

{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-233-241-357835","span":{"begin":312,"end":316},"obj":"[\"11564703\"]"},{"id":"25352770-229-237-357836","span":{"begin":334,"end":338},"obj":"[\"16762458\"]"},{"id":"25352770-151-159-357837","span":{"begin":593,"end":597},"obj":"[\"12958177\"]"},{"id":"25352770-172-180-357838","span":{"begin":614,"end":618},"obj":"[\"17182122\"]"},{"id":"25352770-234-242-357839","span":{"begin":922,"end":926},"obj":"[\"12958177\"]"},{"id":"25352770-179-187-357840","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1112},"obj":"[\"10905499\"]"},{"id":"25352770-205-213-357841","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1138},"obj":"[\"11522684\"]"},{"id":"25352770-226-234-357842","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1159},"obj":"[\"11791158\"]"},{"id":"25352770-232-240-357844","span":{"begin":1204,"end":1208},"obj":"[\"15823203\"]"},{"id":"25352770-234-242-357845","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1228},"obj":"[\"16210370\"]"},{"id":"25352770-228-236-357846","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1249},"obj":"[\"20151954\"]"},{"id":"25352770-231-239-357847","span":{"begin":1517,"end":1521},"obj":"[\"11522684\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357849","span":{"begin":1562,"end":1566},"obj":"[\"16210370\"]"}],"text":"Consistency exists between results from our CART KO model and previous studies focusing on the metabolic characterization of CART knockout mice, where no significant difference in total energy expenditure or physical activity could be detected when compared with WT controls regardless of diets (Asnicar et al., 2001; Moffett et al., 2006), even after the correction of the potentially confounding effects of lean mass on energy expenditure. However, overexpression studies have provided indications of both supporting and opposing roles of CART in regulating energy expenditure (Kong et al., 2003; Qing and Chen, 2007). An increase in energy expenditure was suggested in rats subject to chronic overexpression of CART through intra-arcuate targeted gene transfer, where the animals showed exaggerated weight loss and a downregulation of endogenous arcuate CART mRNA levels upon fasting and food restriction (Kong et al., 2003). Despite discordance between various animal studies, evidence exists for the involvement of CART in the regulation of energy expenditure and body weight in humans (Challis et al., 2000; del Giudice et al., 2001; Yamada et al., 2002; Dominguez et al., 2004a; Guerardel et al., 2005; Yanik et al., 2006; Rigoli et al., 2010). Specifically, a missense mutation in the pro-CART transcripts was discovered to co-segregate with a severe obese phenotype and was also associated with decreased resting energy expenditure in members of an Italian family over three generations (del Giudice et al., 2001; Dominguez et al., 2004a; Yanik et al., 2006)."}

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-11564703-357835","span":{"begin":312,"end":316},"obj":"11564703"},{"id":"25352770-16762458-357836","span":{"begin":334,"end":338},"obj":"16762458"},{"id":"25352770-12958177-357837","span":{"begin":593,"end":597},"obj":"12958177"},{"id":"25352770-17182122-357838","span":{"begin":614,"end":618},"obj":"17182122"},{"id":"25352770-12958177-357839","span":{"begin":922,"end":926},"obj":"12958177"},{"id":"25352770-10905499-357840","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1112},"obj":"10905499"},{"id":"25352770-11522684-357841","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1138},"obj":"11522684"},{"id":"25352770-11791158-357842","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1159},"obj":"11791158"},{"id":"25352770-15823203-357844","span":{"begin":1204,"end":1208},"obj":"15823203"},{"id":"25352770-16210370-357845","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1228},"obj":"16210370"},{"id":"25352770-20151954-357846","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1249},"obj":"20151954"},{"id":"25352770-11522684-357847","span":{"begin":1517,"end":1521},"obj":"11522684"},{"id":"25352770-16210370-357849","span":{"begin":1562,"end":1566},"obj":"16210370"}],"text":"Consistency exists between results from our CART KO model and previous studies focusing on the metabolic characterization of CART knockout mice, where no significant difference in total energy expenditure or physical activity could be detected when compared with WT controls regardless of diets (Asnicar et al., 2001; Moffett et al., 2006), even after the correction of the potentially confounding effects of lean mass on energy expenditure. However, overexpression studies have provided indications of both supporting and opposing roles of CART in regulating energy expenditure (Kong et al., 2003; Qing and Chen, 2007). An increase in energy expenditure was suggested in rats subject to chronic overexpression of CART through intra-arcuate targeted gene transfer, where the animals showed exaggerated weight loss and a downregulation of endogenous arcuate CART mRNA levels upon fasting and food restriction (Kong et al., 2003). Despite discordance between various animal studies, evidence exists for the involvement of CART in the regulation of energy expenditure and body weight in humans (Challis et al., 2000; del Giudice et al., 2001; Yamada et al., 2002; Dominguez et al., 2004a; Guerardel et al., 2005; Yanik et al., 2006; Rigoli et al., 2010). Specifically, a missense mutation in the pro-CART transcripts was discovered to co-segregate with a severe obese phenotype and was also associated with decreased resting energy expenditure in members of an Italian family over three generations (del Giudice et al., 2001; Dominguez et al., 2004a; Yanik et al., 2006)."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-11564703-38284824","span":{"begin":312,"end":316},"obj":"11564703"},{"id":"25352770-16762458-38284825","span":{"begin":334,"end":338},"obj":"16762458"},{"id":"25352770-12958177-38284826","span":{"begin":593,"end":597},"obj":"12958177"},{"id":"25352770-17182122-38284827","span":{"begin":614,"end":618},"obj":"17182122"},{"id":"25352770-12958177-38284828","span":{"begin":922,"end":926},"obj":"12958177"},{"id":"25352770-10905499-38284829","span":{"begin":1108,"end":1112},"obj":"10905499"},{"id":"25352770-11522684-38284830","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1138},"obj":"11522684"},{"id":"25352770-11791158-38284831","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1159},"obj":"11791158"},{"id":"25352770-15823203-38284833","span":{"begin":1204,"end":1208},"obj":"15823203"},{"id":"25352770-16210370-38284834","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1228},"obj":"16210370"},{"id":"25352770-20151954-38284835","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1249},"obj":"20151954"},{"id":"25352770-11522684-38284836","span":{"begin":1517,"end":1521},"obj":"11522684"},{"id":"25352770-16210370-38284838","span":{"begin":1562,"end":1566},"obj":"16210370"}],"text":"Consistency exists between results from our CART KO model and previous studies focusing on the metabolic characterization of CART knockout mice, where no significant difference in total energy expenditure or physical activity could be detected when compared with WT controls regardless of diets (Asnicar et al., 2001; Moffett et al., 2006), even after the correction of the potentially confounding effects of lean mass on energy expenditure. However, overexpression studies have provided indications of both supporting and opposing roles of CART in regulating energy expenditure (Kong et al., 2003; Qing and Chen, 2007). An increase in energy expenditure was suggested in rats subject to chronic overexpression of CART through intra-arcuate targeted gene transfer, where the animals showed exaggerated weight loss and a downregulation of endogenous arcuate CART mRNA levels upon fasting and food restriction (Kong et al., 2003). Despite discordance between various animal studies, evidence exists for the involvement of CART in the regulation of energy expenditure and body weight in humans (Challis et al., 2000; del Giudice et al., 2001; Yamada et al., 2002; Dominguez et al., 2004a; Guerardel et al., 2005; Yanik et al., 2006; Rigoli et al., 2010). Specifically, a missense mutation in the pro-CART transcripts was discovered to co-segregate with a severe obese phenotype and was also associated with decreased resting energy expenditure in members of an Italian family over three generations (del Giudice et al., 2001; Dominguez et al., 2004a; Yanik et al., 2006)."}