PMC:4195273 / 28922-31273
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4195273","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4195273","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4195273","text":"Reciprocal of a central CART-directed modulation of gastric behavior in feeding regulation, the anorectic actions of central CART have also been proposed to result from stimulation by gut hormones (Hunter et al., 2004). Following food intake, CCK released in the GI tract has been delineated to direct CART release from central vagal afferents, where an abundance of CCK-1 receptor mRNA expression was detected in the nodose ganglion (Broberger et al., 1999; Hunter et al., 2004). CCK-borne information is then mediated by CART to the hindbrain sites where suppression of food intake is elicited (Broberger et al., 1999; Hunter et al., 2004). However, the role of CART released from vagal afferent terminals in the commissural part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) was suggested to be minor in mediating vagal satiety signals, as a diminished suppression of food intake was exerted by direct NTS subnuclei CART injections compared to hindbrain i.c.v. CART (Zheng et al., 2001, 2002; Skibicka et al., 2009). Thus, the potential function of CART on satiation may involve a distal site of action as well as interaction with other nutritional transmitters critical for vagally-mediated gastrointestinal satiety (Broberger et al., 1999; Zheng et al., 2002). For instance, induction of CART immunoreactivity was readily demonstrated upon CCK administration both in rats and cultured vagal afferent neurons in a state of energy restriction, while refeeding of starved animals markedly increased CART immunoreactivity via a CCK-1 receptor antagonist-sensitive mechanism (de Lartigue et al., 2007, 2010). In addition, introduction of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin inhibited CCK-mediated CART stimulation (de Lartigue et al., 2007), illustrating an interplay between gastrointestinal orexigenic and anorexic peptides in modulating CART expression. In particular, immunoreactive CART neurons have been shown to display differential quantities during developmental changes in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), wherein vagal preganglionic neurons are responsible for regulating various ingestive behaviors through innervations in the GI tract (Dun et al., 2001; Zheng et al., 2002). Such descending expression levels upon maturation indicate a potential signaling role of CART critical in the early post-natal development (Dun et al., 2001).","tracks":[{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-213-221-357495","span":{"begin":213,"end":217},"obj":"[\"15519893\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357496","span":{"begin":453,"end":457},"obj":"[\"10557351\"]"},{"id":"25352770-231-239-357497","span":{"begin":474,"end":478},"obj":"[\"15519893\"]"},{"id":"25352770-134-142-357498","span":{"begin":615,"end":619},"obj":"[\"10557351\"]"},{"id":"25352770-155-163-357499","span":{"begin":636,"end":640},"obj":"[\"15519893\"]"},{"id":"25352770-25-33-357500","span":{"begin":981,"end":985},"obj":"[\"11277984\"]"},{"id":"25352770-31-39-357501","span":{"begin":987,"end":991},"obj":"[\"12445972\"]"},{"id":"25352770-49-57-357502","span":{"begin":1010,"end":1014},"obj":"[\"19474324\"]"},{"id":"25352770-219-227-357503","span":{"begin":1236,"end":1240},"obj":"[\"10557351\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357504","span":{"begin":1256,"end":1260},"obj":"[\"12445972\"]"},{"id":"25352770-232-240-357505","span":{"begin":1593,"end":1597},"obj":"[\"17360909\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357506","span":{"begin":1599,"end":1603},"obj":"[\"19854189\"]"},{"id":"25352770-121-129-357507","span":{"begin":1727,"end":1731},"obj":"[\"17360909\"]"},{"id":"25352770-234-242-357508","span":{"begin":2166,"end":2170},"obj":"[\"11718840\"]"},{"id":"25352770-222-230-357509","span":{"begin":2186,"end":2190},"obj":"[\"12445972\"]"},{"id":"25352770-152-160-357510","span":{"begin":2345,"end":2349},"obj":"[\"11718840\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25352770-213-221-357495","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-233-241-357496","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-231-239-357497","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-134-142-357498","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-155-163-357499","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-25-33-357500","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-31-39-357501","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-49-57-357502","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-219-227-357503","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-233-241-357504","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-232-240-357505","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-233-241-357506","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-121-129-357507","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-234-242-357508","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-222-230-357509","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"25352770-152-160-357510","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]},{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-15519893-357495","span":{"begin":213,"end":217},"obj":"15519893"},{"id":"25352770-10557351-357496","span":{"begin":453,"end":457},"obj":"10557351"},{"id":"25352770-15519893-357497","span":{"begin":474,"end":478},"obj":"15519893"},{"id":"25352770-10557351-357498","span":{"begin":615,"end":619},"obj":"10557351"},{"id":"25352770-15519893-357499","span":{"begin":636,"end":640},"obj":"15519893"},{"id":"25352770-11277984-357500","span":{"begin":981,"end":985},"obj":"11277984"},{"id":"25352770-12445972-357501","span":{"begin":987,"end":991},"obj":"12445972"},{"id":"25352770-19474324-357502","span":{"begin":1010,"end":1014},"obj":"19474324"},{"id":"25352770-10557351-357503","span":{"begin":1236,"end":1240},"obj":"10557351"},{"id":"25352770-12445972-357504","span":{"begin":1256,"end":1260},"obj":"12445972"},{"id":"25352770-17360909-357505","span":{"begin":1593,"end":1597},"obj":"17360909"},{"id":"25352770-19854189-357506","span":{"begin":1599,"end":1603},"obj":"19854189"},{"id":"25352770-17360909-357507","span":{"begin":1727,"end":1731},"obj":"17360909"},{"id":"25352770-11718840-357508","span":{"begin":2166,"end":2170},"obj":"11718840"},{"id":"25352770-12445972-357509","span":{"begin":2186,"end":2190},"obj":"12445972"},{"id":"25352770-11718840-357510","span":{"begin":2345,"end":2349},"obj":"11718840"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25352770-15519893-357495","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-10557351-357496","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-15519893-357497","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-10557351-357498","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-15519893-357499","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-11277984-357500","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-12445972-357501","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-19474324-357502","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-10557351-357503","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-12445972-357504","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-17360909-357505","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-19854189-357506","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-17360909-357507","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-11718840-357508","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-12445972-357509","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"},{"subj":"25352770-11718840-357510","pred":"source","obj":"0_colil"}]},{"project":"2_test","d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