PMC:4195273 / 15976-17684 JSONTXT

{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-124-132-357373","span":{"begin":124,"end":128},"obj":"[\"8990120\"]"},{"id":"25352770-138-146-357374","span":{"begin":138,"end":142},"obj":"[\"9019399\"]"},{"id":"25352770-156-164-357375","span":{"begin":156,"end":160},"obj":"[\"10868932\"]"},{"id":"25352770-176-184-357376","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"[\"15746303\"]"},{"id":"25352770-230-238-357377","span":{"begin":285,"end":289},"obj":"[\"8637571\"]"},{"id":"25352770-232-240-357378","span":{"begin":305,"end":309},"obj":"[\"8977423\"]"},{"id":"25352770-230-238-357379","span":{"begin":326,"end":330},"obj":"[\"9575823\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357381","span":{"begin":401,"end":405},"obj":"[\"11241374\"]"},{"id":"25352770-227-235-357382","span":{"begin":424,"end":428},"obj":"[\"17525122\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357384","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1111},"obj":"[\"9872314\"]"},{"id":"25352770-207-215-357386","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1346},"obj":"[\"9872314\"]"},{"id":"25352770-146-154-357388","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1520},"obj":"[\"9419374\"]"},{"id":"25352770-167-175-357389","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1541},"obj":"[\"9822755\"]"},{"id":"25352770-189-197-357390","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1563},"obj":"[\"9491897\"]"},{"id":"25352770-233-241-357392","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1706},"obj":"[\"9491897\"]"}],"text":"In addition to co-storage with the POMC and associated cleavage products which promote negative energy balance (Fan et al., 1997; Huszar, 1997; Kim et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2005), CART exhibits \u003e95% colocalization with the orexigenic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) (Qu et al., 1996; Rossi et al., 1997; Ludwig et al., 1998) at the LHA and zona incerta (ZI) (Vrang et al., 1999a; Elias et al., 2001; Menyhért et al., 2007). All MCH-positive cells showed immunoreactivity for CART in the rostral ZI and the most medial region of LHA, whilst an increasing number of non-CART MCH cells were detected in the caudal and lateral parts of the LHA apart from the CART-containing MCH neurons (Vrang et al., 1999a). In regard to the extensive hypothalamic colocalization of CART-IR with both anorexigenic and orexigenic neurotransmitters, namely POMC at the Arc and MCH at the LHA and ZI respectively, it has been hypothesized that CART co-stored within POMC-IR neurons, functions to counteract the effects of MCH in feeding stimulation, on the assumption that CART and MCH may be co-released (Shimada et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a). This is supported by the observation of an elevated CART tone in the MCH-IR LHA neurons in MCH knockout mice, which exhibited anorexic tendencies marked by hypophagia and a leaner phenotype (Shimada et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a). Interestingly, no colocalization was found between CART and another orexigenic peptide confined to neurons in the LHA, orexin B (de Lecea et al., 1998; Peyron et al., 1998; Sakurai et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a), which increases in transcription activity during fasting to elicit stimulatory effects on feeding (Sakurai et al., 1998)."}

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-8990120-357373","span":{"begin":124,"end":128},"obj":"8990120"},{"id":"25352770-9019399-357374","span":{"begin":138,"end":142},"obj":"9019399"},{"id":"25352770-10868932-357375","span":{"begin":156,"end":160},"obj":"10868932"},{"id":"25352770-15746303-357376","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"15746303"},{"id":"25352770-8637571-357377","span":{"begin":285,"end":289},"obj":"8637571"},{"id":"25352770-8977423-357378","span":{"begin":305,"end":309},"obj":"8977423"},{"id":"25352770-9575823-357379","span":{"begin":326,"end":330},"obj":"9575823"},{"id":"25352770-11241374-357381","span":{"begin":401,"end":405},"obj":"11241374"},{"id":"25352770-17525122-357382","span":{"begin":424,"end":428},"obj":"17525122"},{"id":"25352770-9872314-357384","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1111},"obj":"9872314"},{"id":"25352770-9872314-357386","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1346},"obj":"9872314"},{"id":"25352770-9419374-357388","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1520},"obj":"9419374"},{"id":"25352770-9822755-357389","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1541},"obj":"9822755"},{"id":"25352770-9491897-357390","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1563},"obj":"9491897"},{"id":"25352770-9491897-357392","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1706},"obj":"9491897"}],"text":"In addition to co-storage with the POMC and associated cleavage products which promote negative energy balance (Fan et al., 1997; Huszar, 1997; Kim et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2005), CART exhibits \u003e95% colocalization with the orexigenic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) (Qu et al., 1996; Rossi et al., 1997; Ludwig et al., 1998) at the LHA and zona incerta (ZI) (Vrang et al., 1999a; Elias et al., 2001; Menyhért et al., 2007). All MCH-positive cells showed immunoreactivity for CART in the rostral ZI and the most medial region of LHA, whilst an increasing number of non-CART MCH cells were detected in the caudal and lateral parts of the LHA apart from the CART-containing MCH neurons (Vrang et al., 1999a). In regard to the extensive hypothalamic colocalization of CART-IR with both anorexigenic and orexigenic neurotransmitters, namely POMC at the Arc and MCH at the LHA and ZI respectively, it has been hypothesized that CART co-stored within POMC-IR neurons, functions to counteract the effects of MCH in feeding stimulation, on the assumption that CART and MCH may be co-released (Shimada et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a). This is supported by the observation of an elevated CART tone in the MCH-IR LHA neurons in MCH knockout mice, which exhibited anorexic tendencies marked by hypophagia and a leaner phenotype (Shimada et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a). Interestingly, no colocalization was found between CART and another orexigenic peptide confined to neurons in the LHA, orexin B (de Lecea et al., 1998; Peyron et al., 1998; Sakurai et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a), which increases in transcription activity during fasting to elicit stimulatory effects on feeding (Sakurai et al., 1998)."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25352770-8990120-38284362","span":{"begin":124,"end":128},"obj":"8990120"},{"id":"25352770-9019399-38284363","span":{"begin":138,"end":142},"obj":"9019399"},{"id":"25352770-10868932-38284364","span":{"begin":156,"end":160},"obj":"10868932"},{"id":"25352770-15746303-38284365","span":{"begin":176,"end":180},"obj":"15746303"},{"id":"25352770-8637571-38284366","span":{"begin":285,"end":289},"obj":"8637571"},{"id":"25352770-8977423-38284367","span":{"begin":305,"end":309},"obj":"8977423"},{"id":"25352770-9575823-38284368","span":{"begin":326,"end":330},"obj":"9575823"},{"id":"25352770-11241374-38284370","span":{"begin":401,"end":405},"obj":"11241374"},{"id":"25352770-17525122-38284371","span":{"begin":424,"end":428},"obj":"17525122"},{"id":"25352770-9872314-38284373","span":{"begin":1107,"end":1111},"obj":"9872314"},{"id":"25352770-9872314-38284375","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1346},"obj":"9872314"},{"id":"25352770-9419374-38284377","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1520},"obj":"9419374"},{"id":"25352770-9822755-38284378","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1541},"obj":"9822755"},{"id":"25352770-9491897-38284379","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1563},"obj":"9491897"},{"id":"25352770-9491897-38284381","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1706},"obj":"9491897"}],"text":"In addition to co-storage with the POMC and associated cleavage products which promote negative energy balance (Fan et al., 1997; Huszar, 1997; Kim et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2005), CART exhibits \u003e95% colocalization with the orexigenic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) (Qu et al., 1996; Rossi et al., 1997; Ludwig et al., 1998) at the LHA and zona incerta (ZI) (Vrang et al., 1999a; Elias et al., 2001; Menyhért et al., 2007). All MCH-positive cells showed immunoreactivity for CART in the rostral ZI and the most medial region of LHA, whilst an increasing number of non-CART MCH cells were detected in the caudal and lateral parts of the LHA apart from the CART-containing MCH neurons (Vrang et al., 1999a). In regard to the extensive hypothalamic colocalization of CART-IR with both anorexigenic and orexigenic neurotransmitters, namely POMC at the Arc and MCH at the LHA and ZI respectively, it has been hypothesized that CART co-stored within POMC-IR neurons, functions to counteract the effects of MCH in feeding stimulation, on the assumption that CART and MCH may be co-released (Shimada et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a). This is supported by the observation of an elevated CART tone in the MCH-IR LHA neurons in MCH knockout mice, which exhibited anorexic tendencies marked by hypophagia and a leaner phenotype (Shimada et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a). Interestingly, no colocalization was found between CART and another orexigenic peptide confined to neurons in the LHA, orexin B (de Lecea et al., 1998; Peyron et al., 1998; Sakurai et al., 1998; Vrang et al., 1999a), which increases in transcription activity during fasting to elicit stimulatory effects on feeding (Sakurai et al., 1998)."}