PMC:4159490 / 6072-10221 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4159490","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4159490","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4159490","text":"Clinical and demographic data including the Charlson Comorbidity Index, using the original scoring system [18], were recorded for each patient; scores for age and severe renal failure were included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index [19]. MHD patients underwent blood and serum measurements, described in Tables 1 and 2, which were performed in the DaVita central laboratory (DeLand, Florida). Blood was obtained immediately before a routine mid-week hemodialysis. Blood test results for MHD patients presented here were values obtained monthly and averaged over the 3 months immediately prior to obtaining the other study measurements. Normal controls had blood drawn for a CBC and serum creatinine and albumin which were measured in the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center clinical laboratory. Normal volunteers who had abnormal test results were excluded from the study. Only one normal was excluded, and that was because the daily physical activity measurements from his ActiGraph (see below) were not available.\nTable 1 Characteristics of study participants\nCharacteristic MHD patients N = 72 Normal controls N = 39 p Value\nAge (years) 52.3 ± 12.9 51.0 ± 12.7 0.570\nGender (M/F) 49/23 23/16 0.391\nMale (%) 68 59\nDM/non-DM 23/49\nDialysis vintage (months) 53.9 ± 45.0\n47.8 (51.4)\nRace (%) 0.423\n African American 29 (40 %) 8 (21 %)\n Asian 22 (31 %) 19 (49 %)\n Caucasian 5 (6.9 %) 4 (10 %)\n Hispanic 15 (21 %) 8 (21 %)\n Pacific Islander 1 (1.4 %) 0\nEducation levels (%) 0.056\n Below high school graduate 14 (19 %) 2 (5.1 %)\n High school graduate 25 (35 %) 14 (36 %)\n ≤2 years of college\n ≥2 years of college 33 (46 %) 23 (59 %)\nCharlson comorbidity index 5.7 ± 2.7 –\nWeight (kg) 78.9 ± 21.5 74.8 ± 14.5 0.237\n76.4 (25.6) 77.0 (18.9)\nBody mass index (kg/m2) 27.8 ± 5.8 27.0 ± 3.9 0.388\n26.2 (7.6) 27.0 (5.9)\nLean body mass (kg) 54.0 ± 15.4 51.4 ± 11.3 0.315\n51.5 (17.7) 49.1 (15.9)\nLean body mass index (kg/m2) 18.9 ± 3.4 18.4 ± 2.7 0.472\n18.3 (3.0) 18.2 (3.2)\nBody fat (%) 28.3 ± 8.5 27.9 ± 8.1 0.786\n26.8 (11) 25.8 (14)\nSerum albumin (g/dL) 4.1 ± 0.3 4.1 ± 0.2 0.606\nSerum creatinine (mg/dL) 10.5 ± 4.3 0.84 ± 0.2 \u003c0.0001\n9.8 (3.8)\nnPNA (g protein/kg/day) 1.10 ± 0.26\nSp Kt/Vurea 1.72 ± 0.40\nSerum TIBC (ug/mL) 240.6 ± 40.1\nSerum ferritin (ng/mL) 453.2 ± 313.2\nHemoglobin (g/dL) 11.2 ± 0.8 13.8 ± 1.3 \u003c0.0001\n11.2 (0.9) 14 (2.1)\nSerum calcium (mg/dL) 9.0 ± 0.7\nSerum phosphorus (mg/dL) 5.3 ± 1.4\nSerum PTH (pg/mL) 480 ± 277\n456 (305)\nSerum bicarbonate (mEq/L) 24.5 ± 2.6\nData expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Non-normally distributed data are expressed as median values with the interquartile range (IQR, i.e., the arithmetic difference between the 25th percentile value and the 75th percentile value) shown in parentheses\nnPNA normalized protein nitrogen appearance, also referred to as protein catabolic rate; TIBC total iron binding capacity; PTH parathyroid hormone\nTable 2 Physical activity and physical performance; MHD patients vs. normal controls\nMHD patients N = 72 Normal controls N = 39 p Value\nHuman activity profile\n Maximum activity score 82.5 (13.5) 92 (5) \u003c0.0001\n Adjusted activity score 72 (22) 89 (5) \u003c0.0001\nTime spent by monitor readings (%)\n Sleep or marked physical inactivity 81.9 ± 5.8 72.8 ± 6.0 \u003c0.0001\n Light activity 14.4 ± 4.4 20.0 ± 4.5 \u003c0.0001\n ≥ Moderate activity 3.7 ± 2.1 7.2 ± 3.0 \u003c0.0001\nAverage daily physical activity (vector magnitude)\n Daily physical activity (mean of 7 days) 395,727 (222,350) 636,112 (243,634) \u003c0.0001\n Day of HD 327,250 (188,085)\n 1-day-post-HD 442,720 (246,824)a\n 2-days-post HD 393,353 (275,123)b\n6-min walk distance (meters) 441.3 ± 121.9 617.6 ± 63.2 \u003c0.0001\nSit-to-stand test (no. cycles in 30 s) 15.9 ± 5.3 26.2 ± 5.4 \u003c0.0001\nStair-climbing test (seconds per 22 stairs) 15.8 ± 11.0 9.8 ± 1.1 \u003c0.0001\nData expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Non-normally distributed data are expressed as median values with the interquartile range (IQR, i.e., the arithmetic difference between the 25th percentile value and the 75th percentile value) shown in parentheses\na1-day-post-HD vs day of HD p = 0.018\nb2-days-post-HD vs day of HD p = 0.057; 1-day-post-HD vs 2-days-post-HD 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