PMC:4159490 / 28027-29699 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"24777474-10844626-56346679","span":{"begin":90,"end":91},"obj":"10844626"},{"id":"24777474-22172727-56346680","span":{"begin":93,"end":95},"obj":"22172727"},{"id":"24777474-10230879-56346681","span":{"begin":97,"end":99},"obj":"10230879"},{"id":"24777474-10230879-56346682","span":{"begin":412,"end":414},"obj":"10230879"},{"id":"24777474-20811334-56346683","span":{"begin":683,"end":684},"obj":"20811334"},{"id":"24777474-21239185-56346684","span":{"begin":686,"end":687},"obj":"21239185"},{"id":"24777474-21239185-56346685","span":{"begin":709,"end":710},"obj":"21239185"},{"id":"24777474-20884777-56346686","span":{"begin":777,"end":779},"obj":"20884777"},{"id":"24777474-18837765-56346687","span":{"begin":870,"end":872},"obj":"18837765"},{"id":"24777474-22812496-56346688","span":{"begin":874,"end":876},"obj":"22812496"},{"id":"24777474-20811334-56346689","span":{"begin":933,"end":934},"obj":"20811334"},{"id":"24777474-21329632-56346690","span":{"begin":936,"end":937},"obj":"21329632"},{"id":"24777474-16421165-56346691","span":{"begin":939,"end":941},"obj":"16421165"},{"id":"24777474-17462552-56346692","span":{"begin":943,"end":945},"obj":"17462552"},{"id":"24777474-20438542-56346693","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1136},"obj":"20438542"},{"id":"24777474-20738436-56346694","span":{"begin":1234,"end":1236},"obj":"20738436"},{"id":"24777474-17942958-56346695","span":{"begin":1357,"end":1358},"obj":"17942958"},{"id":"24777474-15806472-56346696","span":{"begin":1360,"end":1362},"obj":"15806472"},{"id":"24777474-12552509-56346697","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1366},"obj":"12552509"},{"id":"24777474-20392706-56346698","span":{"begin":1368,"end":1370},"obj":"20392706"},{"id":"24777474-19820134-56346699","span":{"begin":1437,"end":1439},"obj":"19820134"},{"id":"24777474-23599380-56346700","span":{"begin":1441,"end":1443},"obj":"23599380"},{"id":"24777474-21372213-56346701","span":{"begin":1535,"end":1536},"obj":"21372213"},{"id":"24777474-15914748-56346702","span":{"begin":1618,"end":1620},"obj":"15914748"},{"id":"24777474-16822844-56346703","span":{"begin":1622,"end":1624},"obj":"16822844"},{"id":"24777474-10454399-56346704","span":{"begin":1668,"end":1670},"obj":"10454399"}],"text":"Physical inactivity and increased time at bed rest are commonly observed in MHD patients [7, 10, 26]. Decreased physical activity can lead to detrimental effects on the heart and musculoskeletal system, result in profound reductions in physical work capacity, and aggravate such comorbid states in dialysis patients as cardiac dysfunction, skeletal muscle wasting, glucose intolerance, and reduced bone density [26]. High daily physical activity levels are associated with beneficial clinical traits in both chronic kidney disease patients and the general population. Higher usual physical activity levels, determined by questionnaires are associated with better nutritional status [5, 6], less inflammation [6], and an increased employment rate in incident dialysis patients [27]. Increased physical activity in MHD patients is associated with less sleep disturbances [28, 29], and improved nutritional status and body composition [5, 8, 30, 31]. The amount of time spent in increased physical activity was significantly associated with greater walking ability, improved physical fitness, and better quality of life in MHD patients [32]. As with our findings, in older men, usual physical activity correlated with exercise capacity [33]. By contrast, low daily physical activity is associated with increased hospitalizations and mortality in MHD patients [4, 15, 34, 35], greater mortality in stage 2–4 chronic kidney disease patients [36, 37], increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients [2], increased cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality in cancer patients [38, 39], and increased mortality in older people [40]."}