PMC:4159490 / 12398-15032
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4159490","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4159490","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4159490","text":"Daily physical activity\nDaily physical activity (DPA) was assessed both with a physical activity monitor (ActiGraph GT3X+ Activity Monitor®, ActiGraph, Fort Walton Beach, FL) and a questionnaire, the Human Activity Profile. All participants completed the Human Activity Profile questionnaire, which elicits a person’s description of the frequency that he/she performs physical activities requiring various amounts of energy expenditure and degrees of physical performance [20]. The human activity profile score is calculated as a maximum activity score, indicating the highest oxygen-demanding activity listed in the questionnaire that the subject indicates that he/she still performs. The human activity profile-adjusted activity score is calculated as the subject’s maximum activity score minus the number of less oxygen-demanding physical activities that the subject indicates that he/she can no longer perform. These scores, respectively, estimate the highest level of energy expenditure (the maximum activity score) and average level of energy expenditure (the adjusted activity score) as compared to normal individuals of the same age and gender [20].\nDuring their CTRC visit, study participants were instructed to wear an activity monitor that was strapped to the lateral side of the pelvic bone on the non-dominant side of the hips. The activity monitor (ActiGraph®) was worn continuously for 10 days, including nights, except when subjects took baths, showered, or swam. This pager-sized ambulatory accelerometer detects physical activity in three dimensions. ActiGraph’s digital filtering algorithms measure the frequency and direction of movements by the subject, the orientation of the person’s body (e.g., lying, sitting, standing), and the time of day and date of each movement [21]. Physical activity was calculated during the last seven full days of activity. For MHD patients, these 7 days included three hemodialysis days and four non-hemodialysis days. Thus, on one of these 7 days, daily physical activity was measured on the second day after a hemodialysis.\nThe average daily vector magnitude (VM) for daily physical activity was calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of the movement readings from each of the three dimensional axes. We classified activity level as sleep or marked physical inactivity (i.e., a VM of 0–500), light physical activity (VM of 501–2689), and moderate or greater physical activity (VM ≥2,690) [21]. A VM score of 0–500 was taken to indicate sleep or marked physical inactivity based upon our observations of the subjects’ activities when these readings were obtained.","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":0,"end":23}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":24,"end":1157}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":1158,"end":2078}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"24777474-21616714-56346671","span":{"begin":1793,"end":1795},"obj":"21616714"},{"id":"24777474-21616714-56346672","span":{"begin":2461,"end":2463},"obj":"21616714"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"24777474-21616714-56346671","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"24777474-21616714-56346672","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#ec93c7","default":true}]}]}}