PMC:4144696 / 18302-20170 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25146939-24400999-60562899","span":{"begin":656,"end":657},"obj":"24400999"},{"id":"25146939-21452008-60562900","span":{"begin":1005,"end":1007},"obj":"21452008"},{"id":"25146939-22911168-60562901","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1019},"obj":"22911168"},{"id":"25146939-23967900-60562902","span":{"begin":1032,"end":1034},"obj":"23967900"},{"id":"25146939-20722704-60562903","span":{"begin":1048,"end":1050},"obj":"20722704"},{"id":"25146939-22911168-60562904","span":{"begin":1125,"end":1127},"obj":"22911168"},{"id":"25146939-23967900-60562905","span":{"begin":1128,"end":1130},"obj":"23967900"},{"id":"25146939-11832252-60562906","span":{"begin":1542,"end":1544},"obj":"11832252"},{"id":"25146939-21234158-60562907","span":{"begin":1861,"end":1863},"obj":"21234158"},{"id":"25146939-17853980-60562907","span":{"begin":1861,"end":1863},"obj":"17853980"}],"text":"This study is the first nationwide population-based survey in Nepal to estimate the prevalence and burden of MDBs. The main purpose of this paper is to report how it was carried out in a country with rather unusual physiographic challenges, multiple languages and wide socioculture diversity. Because of the widespread illiteracy and lack of dependable communication services and poor infrastructure, a door-to-door survey with stratified, multistage cluster random sampling and face-to-face interviewing was the only feasible method. We carefully selected and trained interviewers for data collection. We used the well-established HARDSHIP questionnaire [6] with some cultural adaptations. It has a modular design and separate question sets to capture demographic characteristics, screen for caseness, diagnose headache type according to ICHD-3 beta criteria [16] and assess various quantifiable elements of burden. It has already been used successfully in population-based surveys of headache in China [20], India [21], Pakistan [22] and Russia [23] and proven to be valid and acceptable in similar sociocultural settings [21,22]. The Nepali-translated version appeared to be culturally acceptable and inoffensive. To measure anxiety and depression levels, HADS was incorporated into the HARDSHIP questionnaire as an additional module, both screening for caseness and assessing symptom severity. HADS is one of the practical and short rating scales that can capture both disorders, with good screening properties in the general population [24]. EPQ-N was also incorporated into the HARDSHIP questionnaire to explore the association between headache and neuroticism. It is a short and practical questionnaire with proven reliability and validity to measure the psychometric properties of neuroticism in an adult population in different socio-culture settings [25-27]."}