PMC:4137988 / 2211-4801 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4137988","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4137988","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4137988","text":"Introduction\nOver the past few decades, the prevalence of asthma has markedly increased. In the USA, the number of people with asthma increased from 20.3 million (6.3 million children and 14 million adults) in 2001 to 25.6 million (6.8 million children and 18.7 million adults) in 2012.1,2 Worldwide, asthma affects approximately 300 million people, and this number is expected to reach 400 million by 2050.3\nAlthough contributory, genetic factors alone cannot account for the rapid increase in the prevalence of asthma.4 It has been hypothesized this increase is largely caused by environmental changes (eg, urbanization) and modification of lifestyle behaviors (eg, dietary transition).5 Notably, the transition from a traditional to a modern diet is characterized by an increased intake of preserved foods, salt, refined sugar, and saturated fat, and a decreased intake of fruit, vegetables, milk, and dietary fiber.6\nPrevious studies of the relationship of diet and nutrition with asthma have focused on either individual nutrients (eg, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, and antioxidants)6–8 or individual food groups (eg, fruit, vegetables, and fish).9–11 However, diet is a complex combination of foods from various groups and nutrients, and some nutrients are highly correlated. It would be challenging to separate the effect of a single nutrient or food group from that of others in free-living populations. Chance findings may arise from indiscriminate multiple statistical testing and from inadequate control for confounding in observational studies. The available evidence from intervention trials focusing on the efficacy of single nutrients as disease-modifying agents in asthma is largely inconsistent.12,13\nMore recently, a few studies have investigated the association between overall dietary patterns and asthma. Due to the rapid evolution of research on this topic, it is worth performing a comprehensive literature review. One recently published meta-analysis of eight cross-sectional studies in children concluded that the Mediterranean diet might protect against ever asthma and current wheeze.14 To date, no reviews of dietary pattern studies in adult asthma have been published. The objectives of this research were to systematically review the up-to-date findings on the effects of dietary patterns on asthma outcomes in adults and children as well as the effects of maternal dietary patterns on asthma outcomes in children, and to conduct a meta-analysis of published studies examining the effect of dietary patterns on asthma prevalence in adults.","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":0,"end":12}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":13,"end":408}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":409,"end":920}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":921,"end":1738}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25143747-15080825-55576466","span":{"begin":407,"end":408},"obj":"15080825"},{"id":"25143747-10836316-55576467","span":{"begin":520,"end":521},"obj":"10836316"},{"id":"25143747-19519921-55576468","span":{"begin":688,"end":689},"obj":"19519921"},{"id":"25143747-22425606-55576469","span":{"begin":919,"end":920},"obj":"22425606"},{"id":"25143747-22425606-55576470","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1110},"obj":"22425606"},{"id":"25143747-21272700-55576470","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1110},"obj":"21272700"},{"id":"25143747-19406861-55576470","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1110},"obj":"19406861"},{"id":"25143747-21185068-55576471","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1174},"obj":"21185068"},{"id":"25143747-23874577-55576471","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1174},"obj":"23874577"},{"id":"25143747-20171076-55576471","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1174},"obj":"20171076"},{"id":"25143747-12137622-55576472","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1735},"obj":"12137622"},{"id":"25143747-24154977-55576473","span":{"begin":1736,"end":1738},"obj":"24154977"},{"id":"25143747-23578354-55576474","span":{"begin":2132,"end":2134},"obj":"23578354"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25143747-15080825-55576466","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-10836316-55576467","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-19519921-55576468","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-22425606-55576469","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-22425606-55576470","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-21272700-55576470","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-19406861-55576470","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-21185068-55576471","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-23874577-55576471","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-20171076-55576471","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-12137622-55576472","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-24154977-55576473","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25143747-23578354-55576474","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#beec93","default":true}]}]}}