PMC:4134656 / 27550-29267 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25136206-20142555-58659608","span":{"begin":257,"end":259},"obj":"20142555"},{"id":"25136206-22731954-58659609","span":{"begin":347,"end":349},"obj":"22731954"},{"id":"25136206-22417222-58659610","span":{"begin":347,"end":351},"obj":"22417222"},{"id":"25136206-22471694-58659611","span":{"begin":347,"end":353},"obj":"22471694"},{"id":"25136206-22179543-58659612","span":{"begin":347,"end":355},"obj":"22179543"},{"id":"25136206-23650294-58659613","span":{"begin":575,"end":577},"obj":"23650294"},{"id":"25136206-23650294-58659614","span":{"begin":681,"end":683},"obj":"23650294"},{"id":"25136206-22179543-58659615","span":{"begin":793,"end":795},"obj":"22179543"},{"id":"25136206-22179543-58659616","span":{"begin":880,"end":882},"obj":"22179543"},{"id":"25136206-23650294-58659617","span":{"begin":1016,"end":1018},"obj":"23650294"},{"id":"25136206-23650294-58659618","span":{"begin":1714,"end":1716},"obj":"23650294"}],"text":"Timolol\nTimolol is a non-selective β blocker which is used for increased intra-ocular pressure. In 2010, Guo and Ni first reported the clinical response to timolol 0.5% solution in a 4-month-old infant who had a thin haemangioma plaque on the upper eyelid.[48] Subsequently, several pilot studies and case series have shown its clinical efficacy.[49505152] It has been mostly used for localized, non-ulcerated superficial IHs. Chan et al. found timolol to be more effective for lesions with a mean diameter of \u003c11.3 mm (i.e. 100 mm3 in volume) as compared to larger lesions.[53] It is to be applied two times a day. One drop of timolol maleate (0.5%) contains 0.25 mg of the drug.[53] It is recommended to apply 1 drop of the gel two times a day. Some authors recommend 3-4 times application.[52] Timolol does not penetrate deeply and hence it is not useful in deep haemangiomas.[52] Treatment is more effective in the proliferative phase than in the involution phase, and also, plaques respond better than nodules.[53]\nRecently, the safety and efficacy of topical timolol has been studied in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The medications (topical timolol maleate gel 0.5% and placebo) were applied (1 drop) twice daily for 24 weeks. The response was periodically assessed. The authors observed that there was a significant improvement in absolute volume reduction, proportional growth and clinical appearance after 12-16 weeks of timolol therapy compared to the placebo group. No significant side effects were reported. The authors suggested that 2 drops per day application of topical timolol maleate 0.5 % gel is safe and effective therapy for IH which does not require systemic medications.[53]"}