PMC:4134656 / 1050-2312 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25136206-21576550-58659513","span":{"begin":177,"end":178},"obj":"21576550"},{"id":"25136206-18429772-58659514","span":{"begin":177,"end":179},"obj":"18429772"},{"id":"25136206-18429772-58659515","span":{"begin":332,"end":333},"obj":"18429772"},{"id":"25136206-18676554-58659516","span":{"begin":843,"end":844},"obj":"18676554"},{"id":"25136206-16950977-58659517","span":{"begin":843,"end":845},"obj":"16950977"},{"id":"25136206-15148105-58659518","span":{"begin":1012,"end":1013},"obj":"15148105"},{"id":"25136206-12472344-58659519","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1261},"obj":"12472344"}],"text":"Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign vascular tumours of infancy. IH occur in 1-4% of the Caucasian infants and are less common in the African and Asian races.[12] The various risk factors include female gender, prematurity, low birth weight, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age and in vitro fertilization.[2] IH most commonly affect the head and neck region. Morphologically, hemangiomas are classified into superficial, deep and mixed types. Superficial hemangiomas, when fully formed, are characterized by bright red vascular plaques or nodules. Deep haemangiomas manifest as partially compressible, subcutaneous, bluish vascular swellings. Mixed haemangiomas have both superficial and deep components. Based on their distribution, IH can also be classified into localized, segmental, indeterminate and multifocal.[34] Localized hemangiomas are spatially confined while in segmental IH, there are clusters of lesions confined to a developmental segment or a large anatomic territory.[5] In multifocal hemangiomas, the infants have 5 or more non-contiguous lesions. They are often associated with systemic involvement, especially the liver. The other sites of involvement include the central nervous system, lungs, kidneys and eyes.[6]"}