PMC:4134643 / 1808-3158 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/4134643","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"4134643","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/4134643","text":"INTRODUCTION\nGynaecomastia is the most common benign breast pathology among males[1] and it causes considerable amount of psychological and social discomfort which compels them to seek treatment.[2] Amongst the different grades of gynaecomastia, high-grade gynaecomastia (Simon grade IIb and III) has the problem of skin excess along with enlarged and displaced nipple-areola complex, which can only be managed surgically.\nOver the years surgical techniques for management of high-grade gynaecomastia have evolved a lot. Older techniques like ‘breast amputation with free nipple-areolar grafting’ had a devastating complication of graft necrosis. Further the conventional breast reduction surgeries where the nipple-areolar complex is preserved on a pedicle based flap, produced scars over male chest, which was aesthetically unappealing.\nScar-less techniques like ‘subcutaneous mastectomy through a peri-areolar or intra-areolar incision’ and ‘liposuction assisted gynaecomastia reduction’ is excellent for low-grade (Simon grade I and IIa) gynaecomastia, but ineffective to deal with the issue of skin excess, areolar enlargement, and nipple displacement of high-grade gynaecomastia (grade IIb and III).\nTo overcome these problems, we describe this combined circumareolar skin excision and liposuction technique to produces a good aesthetic result.","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":0,"end":12}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":13,"end":422}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":423,"end":838}},{"label":"p","span":{"begin":839,"end":1205}}],"tracks":[{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"25136214-11841077-58661206","span":{"begin":82,"end":83},"obj":"11841077"},{"id":"25136214-22246094-58661207","span":{"begin":196,"end":197},"obj":"22246094"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"25136214-11841077-58661206","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"25136214-22246094-58661207","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"2_test","color":"#aa93ec","default":true}]}]}}