Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T5386 |
0-7 |
NNP |
denotes |
Schultz |
T5387 |
28-40 |
VBN |
denotes |
demonstrated |
T5388 |
8-11 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5389 |
12-22 |
NNS |
denotes |
colleagues |
T5390 |
23-27 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T5391 |
41-45 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T5392 |
61-68 |
VBP |
denotes |
display |
T5393 |
46-54 |
NN |
denotes |
dopamine |
T5394 |
55-60 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T5395 |
69-79 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T5396 |
93-101 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T5397 |
80-85 |
JJ |
denotes |
tonic |
T5398 |
86-92 |
NN |
denotes |
firing |
T5399 |
102-108 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T5400 |
109-120 |
NN |
denotes |
maintenance |
T5401 |
121-123 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5402 |
124-135 |
JJ |
denotes |
associative |
T5403 |
136-144 |
NN |
denotes |
learning |
T5404 |
145-150 |
NNS |
denotes |
tasks |
T5405 |
151-152 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T5406 |
152-154 |
CD |
denotes |
33 |
T5407 |
154-155 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T5408 |
155-156 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5409 |
156-308 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, phasic burst activity of dopaminergic cells occurs when discrepancies between predicted and actual reinforcement contingencies transpire [14]. |
T5410 |
157-164 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T5411 |
210-216 |
VBZ |
denotes |
occurs |
T5412 |
164-166 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5413 |
166-172 |
JJ |
denotes |
phasic |
T5414 |
179-187 |
NN |
denotes |
activity |
T5415 |
173-178 |
NN |
denotes |
burst |
T5416 |
188-190 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5417 |
191-203 |
JJ |
denotes |
dopaminergic |
T5418 |
204-209 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T5419 |
217-221 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T5420 |
293-302 |
VBP |
denotes |
transpire |
T5421 |
222-235 |
NNS |
denotes |
discrepancies |
T5422 |
236-243 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T5423 |
244-253 |
JJ |
denotes |
predicted |
T5424 |
279-292 |
NNS |
denotes |
contingencies |
T5425 |
254-257 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5426 |
258-264 |
JJ |
denotes |
actual |
T5427 |
265-278 |
NN |
denotes |
reinforcement |
T5428 |
303-304 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T5429 |
304-306 |
CD |
denotes |
14 |
T5430 |
306-307 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T5431 |
307-308 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5432 |
308-445 |
sentence |
denotes |
This robust increase of dopaminergic cell activation in response to unpredicted outcomes has been referred to as an "error" signal [14]. |
T5433 |
309-313 |
DT |
denotes |
This |
T5434 |
321-329 |
NN |
denotes |
increase |
T5435 |
314-320 |
JJ |
denotes |
robust |
T5436 |
407-415 |
VBN |
denotes |
referred |
T5437 |
330-332 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5438 |
333-345 |
JJ |
denotes |
dopaminergic |
T5439 |
351-361 |
NN |
denotes |
activation |
T5440 |
346-350 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T5441 |
362-364 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5442 |
365-373 |
NN |
denotes |
response |
T5443 |
374-376 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5444 |
377-388 |
JJ |
denotes |
unpredicted |
T5445 |
389-397 |
NNS |
denotes |
outcomes |
T5446 |
398-401 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T5447 |
402-406 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T5448 |
416-418 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5449 |
419-421 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T5450 |
422-424 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T5451 |
433-439 |
NN |
denotes |
signal |
T5452 |
425-426 |
`` |
denotes |
" |
T5453 |
426-431 |
NN |
denotes |
error |
T5454 |
431-432 |
'' |
denotes |
" |
T5455 |
440-441 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T5456 |
441-443 |
CD |
denotes |
14 |
T5457 |
443-444 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T5458 |
444-445 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5459 |
445-520 |
sentence |
denotes |
To date, the molecular basis of this error signal has not been identified. |
T5460 |
446-448 |
IN |
denotes |
To |
T5461 |
509-519 |
VBN |
denotes |
identified |
T5462 |
449-453 |
NN |
denotes |
date |
T5463 |
453-455 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5464 |
455-458 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5465 |
469-474 |
NN |
denotes |
basis |
T5466 |
459-468 |
JJ |
denotes |
molecular |
T5467 |
475-477 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5468 |
478-482 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T5469 |
489-495 |
NN |
denotes |
signal |
T5470 |
483-488 |
NN |
denotes |
error |
T5471 |
496-499 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T5472 |
500-503 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T5473 |
504-508 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T5474 |
519-520 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5475 |
520-707 |
sentence |
denotes |
The inability of the D2R-/- mice to desist responding to a previously reinforced stimulus suggests that the dopamine D2R might in fact be the focal point of this error-signaling cascade. |
T5476 |
521-524 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T5477 |
525-534 |
NN |
denotes |
inability |
T5478 |
611-619 |
VBZ |
denotes |
suggests |
T5479 |
535-537 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5480 |
538-541 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5481 |
549-553 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T5482 |
542-545 |
NN |
denotes |
D2R |
T5483 |
545-546 |
SYM |
denotes |
- |
T5484 |
546-547 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5485 |
547-548 |
SYM |
denotes |
- |
T5486 |
554-556 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T5487 |
557-563 |
VB |
denotes |
desist |
T5488 |
564-574 |
VBG |
denotes |
responding |
T5489 |
575-577 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5490 |
578-579 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T5491 |
602-610 |
NN |
denotes |
stimulus |
T5492 |
580-590 |
RB |
denotes |
previously |
T5493 |
591-601 |
VBN |
denotes |
reinforced |
T5494 |
620-624 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T5495 |
656-658 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T5496 |
625-628 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5497 |
638-641 |
NN |
denotes |
D2R |
T5498 |
629-637 |
NN |
denotes |
dopamine |
T5499 |
642-647 |
MD |
denotes |
might |
T5500 |
648-650 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5501 |
651-655 |
NN |
denotes |
fact |
T5502 |
659-662 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5503 |
669-674 |
NN |
denotes |
point |
T5504 |
663-668 |
JJ |
denotes |
focal |
T5505 |
675-677 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5506 |
678-682 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T5507 |
699-706 |
NN |
denotes |
cascade |
T5508 |
683-688 |
NN |
denotes |
error |
T5509 |
689-698 |
VBG |
denotes |
signaling |
T5510 |
688-689 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5511 |
706-707 |
. |
denotes |
. |
R3421 |
T5386 |
T5387 |
nsubj |
Schultz,demonstrated |
R3423 |
T5388 |
T5386 |
cc |
and,Schultz |
R3425 |
T5389 |
T5386 |
conj |
colleagues,Schultz |
R3426 |
T5390 |
T5387 |
aux |
have,demonstrated |
R3427 |
T5391 |
T5392 |
mark |
that,display |
R3431 |
T5392 |
T5387 |
ccomp |
display,demonstrated |
R3432 |
T5393 |
T5394 |
compound |
dopamine,cells |
R3433 |
T5394 |
T5392 |
nsubj |
cells,display |
R3435 |
T5395 |
T5396 |
amod |
consistent,patterns |
R3436 |
T5396 |
T5392 |
dobj |
patterns,display |
R3437 |
T5397 |
T5398 |
amod |
tonic,firing |
R3439 |
T5398 |
T5396 |
compound |
firing,patterns |
R3440 |
T5399 |
T5392 |
prep |
during,display |
R3441 |
T5400 |
T5399 |
pobj |
maintenance,during |
R3443 |
T5401 |
T5400 |
prep |
of,maintenance |
R3444 |
T5402 |
T5403 |
amod |
associative,learning |
R3445 |
T5403 |
T5404 |
compound |
learning,tasks |
R3447 |
T5404 |
T5401 |
pobj |
tasks,of |
R3448 |
T5405 |
T5406 |
punct |
[,33 |
R3449 |
T5406 |
T5387 |
parataxis |
33,demonstrated |
R3451 |
T5407 |
T5406 |
punct |
],33 |
R3454 |
T5408 |
T5387 |
punct |
.,demonstrated |
R3456 |
T5410 |
T5411 |
advmod |
However,occurs |
R3458 |
T5412 |
T5411 |
punct |
", ",occurs |
R3459 |
T5413 |
T5414 |
amod |
phasic,activity |
R3460 |
T5414 |
T5411 |
nsubj |
activity,occurs |
R3462 |
T5415 |
T5414 |
compound |
burst,activity |
R3463 |
T5416 |
T5414 |
prep |
of,activity |
R3464 |
T5417 |
T5418 |
amod |
dopaminergic,cells |
R3466 |
T5418 |
T5416 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R3468 |
T5419 |
T5420 |
advmod |
when,transpire |
R3469 |
T5420 |
T5411 |
advcl |
transpire,occurs |
R3470 |
T5421 |
T5420 |
nsubj |
discrepancies,transpire |
R3472 |
T5422 |
T5421 |
prep |
between,discrepancies |
R3473 |
T5423 |
T5424 |
amod |
predicted,contingencies |
R3474 |
T5424 |
T5422 |
pobj |
contingencies,between |
R3475 |
T5425 |
T5423 |
cc |
and,predicted |
R3477 |
T5426 |
T5423 |
conj |
actual,predicted |
R3478 |
T5427 |
T5424 |
compound |
reinforcement,contingencies |
R3479 |
T5498 |
T5497 |
compound |
dopamine,D2R |
R3480 |
T5428 |
T5429 |
punct |
[,14 |
R3481 |
T5429 |
T5411 |
parataxis |
14,occurs |
R3482 |
T5430 |
T5429 |
punct |
],14 |
R3483 |
T5431 |
T5411 |
punct |
.,occurs |
R3484 |
T5433 |
T5434 |
det |
This,increase |
R3485 |
T5499 |
T5495 |
aux |
might,be |
R3486 |
T5434 |
T5436 |
nsubjpass |
increase,referred |
R3487 |
T5435 |
T5434 |
amod |
robust,increase |
R3488 |
T5500 |
T5495 |
prep |
in,be |
R3489 |
T5437 |
T5434 |
prep |
of,increase |
R3490 |
T5438 |
T5439 |
amod |
dopaminergic,activation |
R3491 |
T5439 |
T5437 |
pobj |
activation,of |
R3492 |
T5501 |
T5500 |
pobj |
fact,in |
R3493 |
T5440 |
T5439 |
compound |
cell,activation |
R3494 |
T5441 |
T5434 |
prep |
in,increase |
R3495 |
T5442 |
T5441 |
pobj |
response,in |
R3496 |
T5502 |
T5503 |
det |
the,point |
R3497 |
T5443 |
T5442 |
prep |
to,response |
R3498 |
T5444 |
T5445 |
amod |
unpredicted,outcomes |
R3499 |
T5445 |
T5443 |
pobj |
outcomes,to |
R3500 |
T5503 |
T5495 |
attr |
point,be |
R3501 |
T5446 |
T5436 |
aux |
has,referred |
R3502 |
T5447 |
T5436 |
auxpass |
been,referred |
R3503 |
T5448 |
T5436 |
prep |
to,referred |
R3504 |
T5504 |
T5503 |
amod |
focal,point |
R3505 |
T5449 |
T5436 |
prep |
as,referred |
R3506 |
T5450 |
T5451 |
det |
an,signal |
R3507 |
T5505 |
T5503 |
prep |
of,point |
R3508 |
T5451 |
T5449 |
pobj |
signal,as |
R3509 |
T5452 |
T5451 |
punct |
"""",signal |
R3510 |
T5453 |
T5451 |
nmod |
error,signal |
R3511 |
T5506 |
T5507 |
det |
this,cascade |
R3512 |
T5454 |
T5451 |
punct |
"""",signal |
R3513 |
T5455 |
T5456 |
punct |
[,14 |
R3514 |
T5456 |
T5436 |
parataxis |
14,referred |
R3515 |
T5507 |
T5505 |
pobj |
cascade,of |
R3516 |
T5457 |
T5456 |
punct |
],14 |
R3517 |
T5458 |
T5436 |
punct |
.,referred |
R3518 |
T5508 |
T5509 |
npadvmod |
error,signaling |
R3519 |
T5460 |
T5461 |
prep |
To,identified |
R3520 |
T5509 |
T5507 |
amod |
signaling,cascade |
R3521 |
T5462 |
T5460 |
pobj |
date,To |
R3522 |
T5463 |
T5461 |
punct |
", ",identified |
R3523 |
T5464 |
T5465 |
det |
the,basis |
R3524 |
T5510 |
T5509 |
punct |
-,signaling |
R3525 |
T5465 |
T5461 |
nsubjpass |
basis,identified |
R3526 |
T5466 |
T5465 |
amod |
molecular,basis |
R3527 |
T5467 |
T5465 |
prep |
of,basis |
R3528 |
T5511 |
T5478 |
punct |
.,suggests |
R3529 |
T5468 |
T5469 |
det |
this,signal |
R3530 |
T5469 |
T5467 |
pobj |
signal,of |
R3532 |
T5470 |
T5469 |
compound |
error,signal |
R3533 |
T5471 |
T5461 |
aux |
has,identified |
R3534 |
T5472 |
T5461 |
neg |
not,identified |
R3535 |
T5473 |
T5461 |
auxpass |
been,identified |
R3536 |
T5474 |
T5461 |
punct |
.,identified |
R3537 |
T5476 |
T5477 |
det |
The,inability |
R3539 |
T5477 |
T5478 |
nsubj |
inability,suggests |
R3540 |
T5479 |
T5477 |
prep |
of,inability |
R3542 |
T5480 |
T5481 |
det |
the,mice |
R3543 |
T5481 |
T5479 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R3544 |
T5482 |
T5481 |
nmod |
D2R,mice |
R3545 |
T5483 |
T5482 |
punct |
-,D2R |
R3547 |
T5484 |
T5482 |
punct |
/,D2R |
R3548 |
T5485 |
T5482 |
punct |
-,D2R |
R3550 |
T5486 |
T5487 |
aux |
to,desist |
R3551 |
T5487 |
T5477 |
acl |
desist,inability |
R3552 |
T5488 |
T5487 |
xcomp |
responding,desist |
R3554 |
T5489 |
T5488 |
prep |
to,responding |
R3555 |
T5490 |
T5491 |
det |
a,stimulus |
R3556 |
T5491 |
T5489 |
pobj |
stimulus,to |
R3558 |
T5492 |
T5493 |
advmod |
previously,reinforced |
R3559 |
T5493 |
T5491 |
amod |
reinforced,stimulus |
R3560 |
T5494 |
T5495 |
mark |
that,be |
R3563 |
T5495 |
T5478 |
ccomp |
be,suggests |
R3565 |
T5496 |
T5497 |
det |
the,D2R |
R3566 |
T5497 |
T5495 |
nsubj |
D2R,be |