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behavioral patterns characterized the D2R-/- mice relative to D2R+/+ mice during reversal learning sessions (Figure 4), manifested during early reversal trials (Figure 6) and persisted across several sessions (Figure 7). These findings are significant because D2R-/- mice respond to food reinforcers and ultimately form and maintain odor-driven S+/S- relationships (a putative D1R-mediated behavior [6]) just as D2R+/+ mice (both groups achieved ≥ 80% discrimination accuracy, the dopamine D1Rs in our mice were not targeted). A future extension of this study would be to test performance over a fixed number of trials and determine patterns of error rates during acquisition of the discrimination and reversal learning tasks. This manipulation would control the number of errors based on trials performed to determine if the apparent difference in absolute number of errors demonstrated by the mutant mice (the putative performance deficit) is simply a reflection of extra trials. Nonetheless, the inability of D2R-/- mice to disengage from previously established S+/S- contingencies (responding to a discriminative stimulus; Fig. 4) strongly argues that mesolimbic dopamine, and in particular dopamine D2R-mediated signaling, modulates the process of alerting the subject that familiar contingencies are now associated unexpected consequences."}

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{"project":"craft-ca-core-dev","denotations":[{"id":"T3675","span":{"begin":52,"end":55},"obj":"PR:000001177"},{"id":"T3676","span":{"begin":59,"end":63},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3677","span":{"begin":76,"end":79},"obj":"PR:000001177"},{"id":"T3678","span":{"begin":83,"end":87},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3679","span":{"begin":104,"end":112},"obj":"GO:0007612"},{"id":"T3680","span":{"begin":274,"end":277},"obj":"PR:000001177"},{"id":"T3681","span":{"begin":281,"end":285},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3682","span":{"begin":297,"end":301},"obj":"CHEBI:33290"},{"id":"T3683","span":{"begin":391,"end":394},"obj":"PR:000001175"},{"id":"T3684","span":{"begin":426,"end":429},"obj":"PR:000001177"},{"id":"T3685","span":{"begin":433,"end":437},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3686","span":{"begin":495,"end":503},"obj":"CHEBI:18243"},{"id":"T3687","span":{"begin":495,"end":508},"obj":"PR:000001175"},{"id":"T3688","span":{"begin":516,"end":520},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3689","span":{"begin":725,"end":733},"obj":"GO:0007612"},{"id":"T3690","span":{"begin":916,"end":920},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3691","span":{"begin":1026,"end":1029},"obj":"PR:000001177"},{"id":"T3692","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1037},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10088"},{"id":"T3693","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1189},"obj":"CHEBI:18243"},{"id":"T3694","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1217},"obj":"CHEBI:18243"},{"id":"T3695","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1221},"obj":"PR:000001177"},{"id":"T3696","span":{"begin":1242,"end":1251},"obj":"GO:0065007"}],"text":"Perseverative behavioral patterns characterized the D2R-/- mice relative to D2R+/+ mice during reversal learning sessions (Figure 4), manifested during early reversal trials (Figure 6) and persisted across several sessions (Figure 7). These findings are significant because D2R-/- mice respond to food reinforcers and ultimately form and maintain odor-driven S+/S- relationships (a putative D1R-mediated behavior [6]) just as D2R+/+ mice (both groups achieved ≥ 80% discrimination accuracy, the dopamine D1Rs in our mice were not targeted). A future extension of this study would be to test performance over a fixed number of trials and determine patterns of error rates during acquisition of the discrimination and reversal learning tasks. This manipulation would control the number of errors based on trials performed to determine if the apparent difference in absolute number of errors demonstrated by the mutant mice (the putative performance deficit) is simply a reflection of extra trials. Nonetheless, the inability of D2R-/- mice to disengage from previously established S+/S- contingencies (responding to a discriminative stimulus; Fig. 4) strongly argues that mesolimbic dopamine, and in particular dopamine D2R-mediated signaling, modulates the process of alerting the subject that familiar contingencies are now associated unexpected consequences."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"15061865-12629161-12857752","span":{"begin":414,"end":415},"obj":"12629161"}],"text":"Perseverative behavioral patterns characterized the D2R-/- mice relative to D2R+/+ mice during reversal learning sessions (Figure 4), manifested during early reversal trials (Figure 6) and persisted across several sessions (Figure 7). These findings are significant because D2R-/- mice respond to food reinforcers and ultimately form and maintain odor-driven S+/S- relationships (a putative D1R-mediated behavior [6]) just as D2R+/+ mice (both groups achieved ≥ 80% discrimination accuracy, the dopamine D1Rs in our mice were not targeted). A future extension of this study would be to test performance over a fixed number of trials and determine patterns of error rates during acquisition of the discrimination and reversal learning tasks. This manipulation would control the number of errors based on trials performed to determine if the apparent difference in absolute number of errors demonstrated by the mutant mice (the putative performance deficit) is simply a reflection of extra trials. Nonetheless, the inability of D2R-/- mice to disengage from previously established S+/S- contingencies (responding to a discriminative stimulus; Fig. 4) strongly argues that mesolimbic dopamine, and in particular dopamine D2R-mediated signaling, modulates the process of alerting the subject that familiar contingencies are now associated unexpected consequences."}