PMC:3933749 / 2992-5170 JSONTXT

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":157,"end":164},"obj":"PATO_0001863"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":1350,"end":1357},"obj":"PATO_0001863"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":157,"end":164},"obj":"PATO_0000498"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":1350,"end":1357},"obj":"PATO_0000498"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":252,"end":260},"obj":"PATO_0001309"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":623,"end":630},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":657,"end":661},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":707,"end":711},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":757,"end":761},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":696,"end":706},"obj":"PATO_0000990"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":848,"end":857},"obj":"PATO_0000057"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":882,"end":886},"obj":"PATO_0000573"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":938,"end":946},"obj":"PATO_0000380"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":1266,"end":1276},"obj":"PATO_0001189"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":1481,"end":1485},"obj":"PATO_0001470"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":1481,"end":1485},"obj":"PATO_0000161"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":1880,"end":1892},"obj":"CHEBI_8874"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":1350,"end":1387},"obj":"PM2890"}],"text":"Potential Advantages of Transdermal Delivery\nIn an effort to improve adherence to treatment, individualizing therapy is a growing trend in the management of chronic conditions. The development of transdermal systems has facilitated individualizing the duration of therapy for patients because a patch can be removed, stopping the delivery of medication, unlike orally administered medications which remain in the system once ingested. Transdermal absorption minimizes first-pass metabolism, hepatic side-effects, the attendant potential for drug–drug interactions, as well as the risk of gastrointestinal irritation may be reduced [1]. Steady absorption of drug through the skin may provide more consistent drug exposure during dosing and might avoid serum drug peaks and troughs [5]. This reduction of peaks and troughs may, in turn, decrease the incidence of adverse effects [1]. Long-acting (LA) transdermal patches often require less frequent dosing, which may also help improve adherence to treatment [6, 7].\nAlthough there are few data regarding children and adolescents, patch technology does appear to improve adherence to treatment in a range of patient populations [6–8]. In one trial of a contraceptive patch, excellent adherence and no pregnancies among adolescent patients were reported [8]. In a survey of 1,470 patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 84 % of patients reported that they used their tulobuterol patch as prescribed, whereas the rate was 31–64 % for individuals using an inhaler [9]. Patients cited once-daily dosing as a key factor in their adherence. A study of 649 patients with mild-to-moderate dementia from Alzheimer’s disease found that patients who were prescribed patches had higher rates of adherence than those receiving oral medications [7]. A survey of 1,059 caregivers showed that more than 70 % preferred using a rivastigmine patch rather than capsules for the treatment of Alzheimer’s patients in their care [10]. Caregivers preferred the dosing schedule, ease of use with the patch over oral administration, and reported greater overall satisfaction and less interference with daily life when using the patch."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"24532028-22215357-22892211","span":{"begin":632,"end":633},"obj":"22215357"},{"id":"24532028-20814325-22892212","span":{"begin":781,"end":782},"obj":"20814325"},{"id":"24532028-22215357-22892213","span":{"begin":878,"end":879},"obj":"22215357"},{"id":"24532028-21142776-22892214","span":{"begin":1007,"end":1008},"obj":"21142776"},{"id":"24532028-22243044-22892215","span":{"begin":1010,"end":1011},"obj":"22243044"},{"id":"24532028-21142776-22892216","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1177},"obj":"21142776"},{"id":"24532028-22243044-22892216","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1177},"obj":"22243044"},{"id":"24532028-22270072-22892217","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1533},"obj":"22270072"},{"id":"24532028-22243044-22892218","span":{"begin":1802,"end":1803},"obj":"22243044"},{"id":"24532028-17407176-22892219","span":{"begin":1977,"end":1979},"obj":"17407176"}],"text":"Potential Advantages of Transdermal Delivery\nIn an effort to improve adherence to treatment, individualizing therapy is a growing trend in the management of chronic conditions. The development of transdermal systems has facilitated individualizing the duration of therapy for patients because a patch can be removed, stopping the delivery of medication, unlike orally administered medications which remain in the system once ingested. Transdermal absorption minimizes first-pass metabolism, hepatic side-effects, the attendant potential for drug–drug interactions, as well as the risk of gastrointestinal irritation may be reduced [1]. Steady absorption of drug through the skin may provide more consistent drug exposure during dosing and might avoid serum drug peaks and troughs [5]. This reduction of peaks and troughs may, in turn, decrease the incidence of adverse effects [1]. Long-acting (LA) transdermal patches often require less frequent dosing, which may also help improve adherence to treatment [6, 7].\nAlthough there are few data regarding children and adolescents, patch technology does appear to improve adherence to treatment in a range of patient populations [6–8]. In one trial of a contraceptive patch, excellent adherence and no pregnancies among adolescent patients were reported [8]. In a survey of 1,470 patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 84 % of patients reported that they used their tulobuterol patch as prescribed, whereas the rate was 31–64 % for individuals using an inhaler [9]. Patients cited once-daily dosing as a key factor in their adherence. A study of 649 patients with mild-to-moderate dementia from Alzheimer’s disease found that patients who were prescribed patches had higher rates of adherence than those receiving oral medications [7]. A survey of 1,059 caregivers showed that more than 70 % preferred using a rivastigmine patch rather than capsules for the treatment of Alzheimer’s patients in their care [10]. Caregivers preferred the dosing schedule, ease of use with the patch over oral administration, and reported greater overall satisfaction and less interference with daily life when using the patch."}