PMC:3926778 / 5741-7198 JSONTXT

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":164,"end":173},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":195,"end":204},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":444,"end":453},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":738,"end":747},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":844,"end":853},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":858,"end":867},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":1164,"end":1173},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":1342,"end":1351},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":1356,"end":1365},"obj":"CHEBI_46631"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":253,"end":256},"obj":"PATO_0000011"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":253,"end":256},"obj":"CHEBI_84123"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":686,"end":693},"obj":"PATO_0001517"}],"text":"Methods\nThe PubMed and Ovid search engines were utilized with the Medline database from 1996 to July 2011 to identify articles regarding the efficacy and safety of clonidine extended-release and clonidine in children and adolescents with ADHD under the age of 18 years. The search was conducted using the keywords “clonidine”, “treatment”, “safety”, and “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder”. A search for registered clinical trials using clonidine for ADHD within clinicaltrials.gov was also conducted. These keywords produced 140 articles from PubMed, and 64 articles from Ovid which were also included in PubMed. Abstracts and titles were reviewed, and only those articles that focused on assessment of the efficacy and safety of clonidine used for ADHD were reviewed in full text. Clinical trials addressing the efficacy and safety of clonidine and clonidine extended-release alone or in combination with a stimulant for children and adolescents with ADHD and other comorbid behavioral disorders were summarized.\nStudies in animals and foreign language articles were excluded from the review. Studies that used alternative medications in conjunction with clonidine in treating patients with ADHD were also excluded. We reviewed original clinical trials, review articles, and case studies to assess and analyze how effective and safe clonidine and clonidine extended-release are when treating patients with ADHD. The results are reported as follows."}