PMC:3839092 / 22574-24393 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"24324445-18625495-41737773","span":{"begin":436,"end":438},"obj":"18625495"},{"id":"24324445-18619589-41737774","span":{"begin":440,"end":442},"obj":"18619589"},{"id":"24324445-17916331-41737775","span":{"begin":543,"end":545},"obj":"17916331"},{"id":"24324445-24040309-41737776","span":{"begin":650,"end":652},"obj":"24040309"},{"id":"24324445-24124416-41737777","span":{"begin":779,"end":781},"obj":"24124416"},{"id":"24324445-1477524-41737778","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1119},"obj":"1477524"},{"id":"24324445-15644983-41737779","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1169},"obj":"15644983"},{"id":"24324445-17598168-41737779","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1169},"obj":"17598168"},{"id":"24324445-22460056-41737779","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1169},"obj":"22460056"},{"id":"24324445-11675480-41737780","span":{"begin":1216,"end":1218},"obj":"11675480"},{"id":"24324445-17417939-41737781","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1319},"obj":"17417939"},{"id":"24324445-12946879-41737782","span":{"begin":1376,"end":1378},"obj":"12946879"},{"id":"24324445-15110034-41737783","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1382},"obj":"15110034"}],"text":"Group differences in WM integrity\nGroup differences were observed in both the posterior and anterior cingulum. Specifically, depressed adolescents demonstrated decreased WM integrity in the anterior cingulum near the precuneus, and increased integrity in the posterior cingulum near the hippocampus, compared to HC. The cingulum connects the cingulate and entorhinal cortices and is broadly involved in attention, memory, and emotions (29, 30). The anterior portion of the cingulate has been implicated in emotional processing and depression (31). Altered functioning, connectivity, and diffusion around the precuneus are frequently reported in MDD (32, 33). Given the role of the precuneus in self-related processes, and that self-processing is typically altered in depression (34), this potentially suggests that reduced WM integrity contributes to altered functioning in this region early in the course of the disease.\nThe MDD group also demonstrated more coherent diffusion in the posterior cingulum near the hippocampus. The posterior cingulate is involved in cognitive functions including attention and memory (35). Functional hyperactivity in the hippocampus (36–38), as well as decreased hippocampal volume (39), are consistent findings in adult MDD. Given the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory (40), but also in the regulation of motivation and emotion (41, 42), this region is critical to carrying out normal behaviors that may be altered in depression. Furthermore, greater WM integrity in tracts leading to the hippocampus would be consistent with the literature demonstrating hyperactivity of this region in non-medicated MDD patients. Overall, the categorical comparison between depressed adolescents and HC revealed differences in an important tract connecting prefrontal and limbic regions."}

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T423","span":{"begin":0,"end":5},"obj":"CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"T424","span":{"begin":34,"end":39},"obj":"CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"T425","span":{"begin":930,"end":935},"obj":"CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"T426","span":{"begin":160,"end":169},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T427","span":{"begin":815,"end":822},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T428","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1195},"obj":"PATO_0001997"},{"id":"T429","span":{"begin":232,"end":241},"obj":"PATO_0000470"},{"id":"T430","span":{"begin":414,"end":420},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T431","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1115},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T432","span":{"begin":1309,"end":1315},"obj":"PATO_0000201"},{"id":"T433","span":{"begin":645,"end":648},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":926,"end":929},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T435","span":{"begin":1254,"end":1257},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":1648,"end":1651},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T437","span":{"begin":669,"end":673},"obj":"CHEBI_50906"},{"id":"T438","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1273},"obj":"CHEBI_50906"},{"id":"T439","span":{"begin":886,"end":891},"obj":"PATO_0000694"},{"id":"T440","span":{"begin":1122,"end":1132},"obj":"PATO_0001510"},{"id":"T441","span":{"begin":1208,"end":1214},"obj":"PATO_0000918"},{"id":"T442","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1235},"obj":"PATO_0000990"},{"id":"T443","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1567},"obj":"PATO_0000990"},{"id":"T444","span":{"begin":1296,"end":1304},"obj":"PATO_0000200"},{"id":"T445","span":{"begin":1338,"end":1348},"obj":"PATO_0000076"},{"id":"T446","span":{"begin":1425,"end":1431},"obj":"PATO_0000461"},{"id":"T447","span":{"begin":531,"end":541},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T448","span":{"begin":767,"end":777},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T449","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1475},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T450","span":{"begin":531,"end":541},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T451","span":{"begin":767,"end":777},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T452","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1475},"obj":"PM3425"}],"text":"Group differences in WM integrity\nGroup differences were observed in both the posterior and anterior cingulum. Specifically, depressed adolescents demonstrated decreased WM integrity in the anterior cingulum near the precuneus, and increased integrity in the posterior cingulum near the hippocampus, compared to HC. The cingulum connects the cingulate and entorhinal cortices and is broadly involved in attention, memory, and emotions (29, 30). The anterior portion of the cingulate has been implicated in emotional processing and depression (31). Altered functioning, connectivity, and diffusion around the precuneus are frequently reported in MDD (32, 33). Given the role of the precuneus in self-related processes, and that self-processing is typically altered in depression (34), this potentially suggests that reduced WM integrity contributes to altered functioning in this region early in the course of the disease.\nThe MDD group also demonstrated more coherent diffusion in the posterior cingulum near the hippocampus. The posterior cingulate is involved in cognitive functions including attention and memory (35). Functional hyperactivity in the hippocampus (36–38), as well as decreased hippocampal volume (39), are consistent findings in adult MDD. Given the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory (40), but also in the regulation of motivation and emotion (41, 42), this region is critical to carrying out normal behaviors that may be altered in depression. Furthermore, greater WM integrity in tracts leading to the hippocampus would be consistent with the literature demonstrating hyperactivity of this region in non-medicated MDD patients. Overall, the categorical comparison between depressed adolescents and HC revealed differences in an important tract connecting prefrontal and limbic regions."}