PMC:3649690 / 7786-9042 JSONTXT

{"project":"NEUROSES","denotations":[{"id":"T223","span":{"begin":106,"end":115},"obj":"PATO_0000057"},{"id":"T224","span":{"begin":313,"end":316},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T225","span":{"begin":528,"end":531},"obj":"CHEBI_566274"},{"id":"T226","span":{"begin":493,"end":496},"obj":"CHEBI_38624"},{"id":"T227","span":{"begin":544,"end":553},"obj":"PATO_0002532"},{"id":"T228","span":{"begin":580,"end":588},"obj":"PATO_0000442"},{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":621,"end":627},"obj":"PATO_0000128"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":633,"end":641},"obj":"PATO_0001624"},{"id":"T231","span":{"begin":633,"end":641},"obj":"PATO_0000762"},{"id":"T232","span":{"begin":705,"end":710},"obj":"PATO_0000586"},{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":924,"end":931},"obj":"PATO_0000502"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":980,"end":985},"obj":"CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1193},"obj":"CHEBI_61599"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":667,"end":677},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":751,"end":761},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":1097,"end":1107},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":226,"end":236},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":667,"end":677},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":751,"end":761},"obj":"PM3425"},{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":1097,"end":1107},"obj":"PM3425"}],"text":"4. Depression\nDepression is a devastating neuropsychiatric disease that is both prevalent—with a lifetime incidence of 20% [37]—and costly, accruing over $83 billion (USD) annually in expense to society in the USA alone [38]. Depression is a spectrum disorder ranging from dysthymia to major depressive disorder (MDD), which also includes seasonal (seasonal affective disorder) and bipolar subtypes; however general symptomology is characterized by a depressed mood and/or anhedonia [39]. The DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis with MDD may include secondary symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia, changes in body weight, and impaired cognition [39]. Although depression is prevalent and carries a large burden of disease, the pathoetiology of depression is poorly understood. While antidepressant drugs do exist, they are not ideal, as only a segment of patients is effectively treated, and the therapeutic onset is delayed [40–42]. Moreover, the exact mechanism of these drugs remains to be elucidated, though several theories do exist. The existing theories of etiology and treatment of depression will be briefly discussed with an aim of integrating and placing neurogenesis and PSA-NCAM related plasticity within the current state of knowledge."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"23691371-15123501-75337603","span":{"begin":124,"end":126},"obj":"15123501"},{"id":"23691371-15794728-75337604","span":{"begin":221,"end":223},"obj":"15794728"},{"id":"23691371-9671339-75337605","span":{"begin":933,"end":935},"obj":"9671339"},{"id":"23691371-16390886-75337605","span":{"begin":933,"end":935},"obj":"16390886"},{"id":"23691371-10471417-75337605","span":{"begin":933,"end":935},"obj":"10471417"}],"text":"4. Depression\nDepression is a devastating neuropsychiatric disease that is both prevalent—with a lifetime incidence of 20% [37]—and costly, accruing over $83 billion (USD) annually in expense to society in the USA alone [38]. Depression is a spectrum disorder ranging from dysthymia to major depressive disorder (MDD), which also includes seasonal (seasonal affective disorder) and bipolar subtypes; however general symptomology is characterized by a depressed mood and/or anhedonia [39]. The DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis with MDD may include secondary symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia, changes in body weight, and impaired cognition [39]. Although depression is prevalent and carries a large burden of disease, the pathoetiology of depression is poorly understood. While antidepressant drugs do exist, they are not ideal, as only a segment of patients is effectively treated, and the therapeutic onset is delayed [40–42]. Moreover, the exact mechanism of these drugs remains to be elucidated, though several theories do exist. The existing theories of etiology and treatment of depression will be briefly discussed with an aim of integrating and placing neurogenesis and PSA-NCAM related plasticity within the current state of knowledge."}