PMC:3583298 / 19834-20874 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"21874045-11207641-79138694","span":{"begin":162,"end":166},"obj":"11207641"},{"id":"21874045-11207641-79138694","span":{"begin":162,"end":166},"obj":"11207641"},{"id":"21874045-18974121-79138695","span":{"begin":183,"end":187},"obj":"18974121"},{"id":"21874045-18974121-79138695","span":{"begin":183,"end":187},"obj":"18974121"},{"id":"21874045-10884376-79138696","span":{"begin":200,"end":204},"obj":"10884376"},{"id":"21874045-10884376-79138696","span":{"begin":200,"end":204},"obj":"10884376"},{"id":"21874045-15793295-79138697","span":{"begin":221,"end":225},"obj":"15793295"},{"id":"21874045-15793295-79138697","span":{"begin":221,"end":225},"obj":"15793295"},{"id":"21874045-15195141-79138698","span":{"begin":237,"end":241},"obj":"15195141"},{"id":"21874045-15195141-79138698","span":{"begin":237,"end":241},"obj":"15195141"},{"id":"21874045-20214787-79138699","span":{"begin":256,"end":260},"obj":"20214787"},{"id":"21874045-20214787-79138699","span":{"begin":256,"end":260},"obj":"20214787"},{"id":"21874045-18769486-79138701","span":{"begin":641,"end":645},"obj":"18769486"},{"id":"21874045-18769486-79138701","span":{"begin":641,"end":645},"obj":"18769486"},{"id":"21874045-11807556-79138703","span":{"begin":684,"end":688},"obj":"11807556"},{"id":"21874045-11807556-79138703","span":{"begin":684,"end":688},"obj":"11807556"}],"text":"IGF signaling is required for survival of CGNPs in vivo and in vitro, and increased activity of the IGF pathway is found in human medulloblastomas (Chrysis et al 2001, Corcoran et al 2008, Hahn et al 2000, Hartmann et al 2005, Rao et al 2004, Tanori et al 2010). Interestingly, when we queried a genetically characterized database of over 100 human medulloblastomas (Northcott et al 2009b) we found that IGF2 was most highly expressed in the subclass of medulloblastomas associated with activation of the Shh pathway (T test, p=3.553E-14) (Figure 5D). This class of tumors also expresses high levels of N-myc, Gli1, and miR17/92 (Kool et al 2008, Northcott et al 2009b, Pomeroy et al 2002). The increased level of IGF2 protein in YAP-expressing tumors was conserved in YAP-SmoA1 medulloblastomas, as determined by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis (Figure 5E, F). As we observed in CGNPs, IGF2 levels are increased in both GFP-SmoA1 and YAP-SmoA1 medulloblastomas after irradiation, but are higher in YAP-SmoA1 medulloblastomas."}