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phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"bionlp-st-ge-2016-coref","denotations":[{"id":"T15039","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1252},"obj":"Antecedent"},{"id":"T15038","span":{"begin":1355,"end":1357},"obj":"Anaphor"}],"relations":[{"id":"R11621","pred":"boundBy","subj":"T15038","obj":"T15039"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://bionlp.dbcls.jp/ontology/ge.owl#"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"bionlp-st-ge-2016-test-proteins","denotations":[{"id":"T15828","span":{"begin":2653,"end":2659},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15827","span":{"begin":2607,"end":2610},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15826","span":{"begin":2570,"end":2577},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15825","span":{"begin":2530,"end":2537},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15824","span":{"begin":2499,"end":2502},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15823","span":{"begin":2437,"end":2443},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15822","span":{"begin":2359,"end":2362},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15821","span":{"begin":2290,"end":2293},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15820","span":{"begin":2226,"end":2229},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15819","span":{"begin":2140,"end":2143},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15049","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1396},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15048","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1377},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15047","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1320},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15046","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1301},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15045","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1252},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15044","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1206},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15043","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1186},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15042","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1170},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15041","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15040","span":{"begin":993,"end":1000},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8741","span":{"begin":600,"end":603},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8740","span":{"begin":586,"end":589},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8739","span":{"begin":507,"end":510},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15818","span":{"begin":2107,"end":2114},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15817","span":{"begin":2076,"end":2079},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15816","span":{"begin":1994,"end":1997},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15815","span":{"begin":1974,"end":1981},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8744","span":{"begin":872,"end":875},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8743","span":{"begin":821,"end":828},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8742","span":{"begin":660,"end":663},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8738","span":{"begin":492,"end":495},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8737","span":{"begin":455,"end":462},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8736","span":{"begin":388,"end":391},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8735","span":{"begin":372,"end":375},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8734","span":{"begin":360,"end":363},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8733","span":{"begin":348,"end":351},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8732","span":{"begin":128,"end":133},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8731","span":{"begin":50,"end":55},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15465","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1506},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15466","span":{"begin":1891,"end":1894},"obj":"Protein"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://bionlp.dbcls.jp/ontology/ge.owl#"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"bionlp-st-ge-2016-uniprot","denotations":[{"id":"T15557","span":{"begin":1891,"end":1894},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15556","span":{"begin":1891,"end":1894},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15880","span":{"begin":2607,"end":2610},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15879","span":{"begin":2499,"end":2502},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15878","span":{"begin":2359,"end":2362},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15877","span":{"begin":2290,"end":2293},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15876","span":{"begin":2226,"end":2229},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15875","span":{"begin":2140,"end":2143},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15874","span":{"begin":2076,"end":2079},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15873","span":{"begin":1994,"end":1997},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15872","span":{"begin":2607,"end":2610},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15871","span":{"begin":2499,"end":2502},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15870","span":{"begin":2359,"end":2362},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15869","span":{"begin":2290,"end":2293},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15868","span":{"begin":2226,"end":2229},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15867","span":{"begin":2140,"end":2143},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15866","span":{"begin":2076,"end":2079},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15865","span":{"begin":1994,"end":1997},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15193","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1396},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15192","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1377},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15191","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1320},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15190","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1301},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15189","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1206},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15188","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1186},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15187","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1170},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15186","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T15185","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1396},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15184","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1377},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15183","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1320},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15182","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1301},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15181","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1206},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15180","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1186},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15179","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1170},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T15178","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8949","span":{"begin":872,"end":875},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8948","span":{"begin":660,"end":663},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8947","span":{"begin":600,"end":603},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8946","span":{"begin":586,"end":589},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8945","span":{"begin":507,"end":510},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8944","span":{"begin":492,"end":495},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8943","span":{"begin":388,"end":391},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8937","span":{"begin":600,"end":603},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8936","span":{"begin":586,"end":589},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8935","span":{"begin":507,"end":510},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8934","span":{"begin":492,"end":495},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8933","span":{"begin":388,"end":391},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8932","span":{"begin":372,"end":375},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8931","span":{"begin":360,"end":363},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8930","span":{"begin":348,"end":351},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8929","span":{"begin":128,"end":133},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01375"},{"id":"T8928","span":{"begin":50,"end":55},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01375"},{"id":"T8927","span":{"begin":50,"end":53},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01375"},{"id":"T8942","span":{"begin":372,"end":375},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8941","span":{"begin":360,"end":363},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8940","span":{"begin":348,"end":351},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21579"},{"id":"T8939","span":{"begin":872,"end":875},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"},{"id":"T8938","span":{"begin":660,"end":663},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q04206"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T15469","span":{"begin":1902,"end":1917},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15468","span":{"begin":1599,"end":1614},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15467","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1540},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15835","span":{"begin":2510,"end":2525},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15834","span":{"begin":2370,"end":2385},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15833","span":{"begin":2301,"end":2316},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15832","span":{"begin":2237,"end":2252},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15831","span":{"begin":2151,"end":2166},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15830","span":{"begin":2087,"end":2102},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15829","span":{"begin":2005,"end":2020},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15053","span":{"begin":1408,"end":1423},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15052","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1347},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15051","span":{"begin":1218,"end":1233},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T15050","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1034},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8752","span":{"begin":143,"end":152},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T8751","span":{"begin":883,"end":898},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8750","span":{"begin":671,"end":686},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8749","span":{"begin":611,"end":626},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8748","span":{"begin":518,"end":533},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8747","span":{"begin":399,"end":414},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8746","span":{"begin":91,"end":106},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"},{"id":"T8745","span":{"begin":6,"end":21},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"GO-MF","denotations":[{"id":"T8753","span":{"begin":234,"end":244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"GO-CC","denotations":[{"id":"T15838","span":{"begin":2681,"end":2686},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T15837","span":{"begin":2465,"end":2470},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T15836","span":{"begin":2036,"end":2041},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T8758","span":{"begin":914,"end":919},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T8757","span":{"begin":716,"end":721},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T8756","span":{"begin":446,"end":451},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T8755","span":{"begin":234,"end":244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571"},{"id":"T8754","span":{"begin":234,"end":244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T15462","span":{"begin":1788,"end":1952},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15461","span":{"begin":1646,"end":1787},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15460","span":{"begin":1459,"end":1645},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15784","span":{"begin":2697,"end":2731},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15783","span":{"begin":1963,"end":2696},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15007","span":{"begin":1434,"end":1448},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15006","span":{"begin":1065,"end":1433},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15005","span":{"begin":982,"end":1064},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8690","span":{"begin":807,"end":971},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8689","span":{"begin":647,"end":806},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8688","span":{"begin":246,"end":646},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8687","span":{"begin":117,"end":245},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8686","span":{"begin":22,"end":116},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8685","span":{"begin":0,"end":21},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":0,"end":21},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":22,"end":116},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":117,"end":245},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":246,"end":646},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":647,"end":806},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":807,"end":971},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T172","span":{"begin":972,"end":1064},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T173","span":{"begin":1065,"end":1433},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T174","span":{"begin":1434,"end":1448},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T175","span":{"begin":1449,"end":1645},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T176","span":{"begin":1646,"end":1787},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T177","span":{"begin":1788,"end":1952},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T178","span":{"begin":1953,"end":2696},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T179","span":{"begin":2697,"end":2731},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

{"project":"simple1","denotations":[{"id":"T15471","span":{"begin":1891,"end":1894},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15470","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1506},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15852","span":{"begin":2653,"end":2659},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15851","span":{"begin":2607,"end":2610},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15850","span":{"begin":2570,"end":2577},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15849","span":{"begin":2530,"end":2537},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15848","span":{"begin":2499,"end":2502},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15847","span":{"begin":2437,"end":2443},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15846","span":{"begin":2359,"end":2362},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15845","span":{"begin":2290,"end":2293},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15844","span":{"begin":2226,"end":2229},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15843","span":{"begin":2140,"end":2143},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15842","span":{"begin":2107,"end":2114},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15841","span":{"begin":2076,"end":2079},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15840","span":{"begin":1994,"end":1997},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15839","span":{"begin":1974,"end":1981},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15063","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1396},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15062","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1377},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15061","span":{"begin":1317,"end":1320},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15060","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1301},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15059","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1252},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15058","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1206},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15057","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1186},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15056","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1170},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15055","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T15054","span":{"begin":993,"end":1000},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8772","span":{"begin":872,"end":875},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8771","span":{"begin":821,"end":828},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8770","span":{"begin":660,"end":663},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8769","span":{"begin":600,"end":603},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8768","span":{"begin":586,"end":589},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8767","span":{"begin":507,"end":510},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8766","span":{"begin":492,"end":495},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8765","span":{"begin":455,"end":462},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8764","span":{"begin":388,"end":391},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8763","span":{"begin":372,"end":375},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8762","span":{"begin":360,"end":363},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8761","span":{"begin":348,"end":351},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8760","span":{"begin":128,"end":133},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T8759","span":{"begin":50,"end":55},"obj":"Protein"}],"text":"NF-κB phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. 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To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}

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phosphorylation\nIt is well established that TNF-α is one of the major stimuli toward phosphorylation of NF-κB. To confirm TNF-α-mediated signaling following SE, we performed an immunohistochemical study using five phospho-NF-κB antibodies. Compared to non-SE animals (data not shown), 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group showed p65-Ser276, p65-Ser311, p65-Ser529, and p65-Ser536 phosphorylation in astrocytes (not endothelial cells). sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduced p65-Ser276 and p65-Ser311 phosphorylation (p \u003c 0.05, respectively), while it could not affect p65-Ser529 or p65-Ser536 phosphorylation (Figures 3 and 4A). In contrast, p65-Thr435 phosphorylation was increased in endothelial cells (not astrocytes) within the PC of saline-infused animals 12 hr after SE (Figure 5A). In addition, sTNFp55R infusion effectively alleviated SE-induced p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, compared to saline infusion (p \u003c 0.05, Figure 5B).\nFigure 3 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation in astrocytes 12 hr after SE. In 12 hr-post SE animals of the saline-infused group (A, C, E and G), astrocytes show p65-Ser276 (A), p65-Ser311 (C), p65-Ser529 (E), and p65-Ser536 (G) phosphorylation (arrows). sTNFp55R infusion (B, D, F and H) effectively reduces p65-Ser276 (B) and p65-Ser311 (D) phosphorylation, while it does not affect p65-Ser529 (F) and p65-Ser536 (H) phosphorylation (arrows). Bar = 12.5 μm.\nFigure 4 Quantitative analyses of the effect of sTNFp55R infusion on NF-κB phosphorylation and SMI-71 expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB phosphorylation 12 hr after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (B) Quantitative analysis of SMI-71 expression 1 day after SE (mean ± S.E.M). Significant differences from saline-infused animals, *p \u003c 0.05. (C) Linear regression analysis between p65-Thr435 phosphorylation and SMI-71 in the PC following SE.\nFigure 5 Effect of sTNFp55R infusion on p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in endothelial cells following SE. (A-B) Inhibition of p65-Thr435 phosphorylation by sTNFp55R infusion 12 hr after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is rarely observed in astrocytes (arrows). (C) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in non-SE animals. (D-E) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in saline-infused animals 1 day after SE. p65-Thr435 phosphorylation is enhanced, while SMI-71 expression is reduced in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). (F-G) Endothelial p65-Thr435 phosphorylation in sTNFp55R-infused animal 1 day after SE. sTNFp55R infusion effectively reduces p65-Thr435 and preserves SMI-71 expression in GLUT-1-positive endothelial cells (arrows). Bars = 12.5 (A-D) and 25 (E-G) μm."}