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    bionlp-st-ge-2016-uniprot

    {"project":"bionlp-st-ge-2016-uniprot","denotations":[{"id":"T6716","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6717","span":{"begin":61,"end":64},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6718","span":{"begin":160,"end":165},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6719","span":{"begin":162,"end":165},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6720","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"P42574"},{"id":"T6721","span":{"begin":340,"end":345},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6722","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6723","span":{"begin":460,"end":465},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6724","span":{"begin":462,"end":465},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6725","span":{"begin":475,"end":484},"obj":"P42574"},{"id":"T6726","span":{"begin":591,"end":596},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6727","span":{"begin":593,"end":596},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6728","span":{"begin":626,"end":635},"obj":"P42574"},{"id":"T6729","span":{"begin":679,"end":684},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6730","span":{"begin":681,"end":684},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6731","span":{"begin":747,"end":752},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6732","span":{"begin":749,"end":752},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6733","span":{"begin":2043,"end":2048},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6734","span":{"begin":2045,"end":2048},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6735","span":{"begin":2134,"end":2143},"obj":"P08758"},{"id":"T6736","span":{"begin":2191,"end":2196},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6737","span":{"begin":2193,"end":2196},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6738","span":{"begin":2219,"end":2228},"obj":"P08758"},{"id":"T6739","span":{"begin":2277,"end":2282},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6740","span":{"begin":2279,"end":2282},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T6741","span":{"begin":2372,"end":2377},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T6742","span":{"begin":2374,"end":2377},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T23953","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1088},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T23954","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1088},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T23955","span":{"begin":1277,"end":1286},"obj":"P42574"},{"id":"T23956","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1325},"obj":"P60709"},{"id":"T23957","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1389},"obj":"P42574"},{"id":"T23958","span":{"begin":1417,"end":1424},"obj":"P60709"},{"id":"T23959","span":{"begin":1606,"end":1615},"obj":"P08758"},{"id":"T23960","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1732},"obj":"P08758"},{"id":"T23961","span":{"begin":1781,"end":1786},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T23962","span":{"begin":1783,"end":1786},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T23963","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1922},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T23964","span":{"begin":1919,"end":1922},"obj":"P04141"},{"id":"T23965","span":{"begin":1943,"end":1948},"obj":"P09603"},{"id":"T23966","span":{"begin":1945,"end":1948},"obj":"P04141"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    bionlp-st-ge-2016-reference

    {"project":"bionlp-st-ge-2016-reference","denotations":[{"id":"T6743","span":{"begin":241,"end":251},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6744","span":{"begin":255,"end":262},"obj":"Protein_catabolism"},{"id":"T6745","span":{"begin":467,"end":474},"obj":"Protein_catabolism"},{"id":"T6746","span":{"begin":489,"end":497},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6747","span":{"begin":613,"end":617},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6748","span":{"begin":618,"end":625},"obj":"Protein_catabolism"},{"id":"T6749","span":{"begin":2232,"end":2240},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6750","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6751","span":{"begin":475,"end":484},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6752","span":{"begin":626,"end":635},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6753","span":{"begin":2134,"end":2143},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6754","span":{"begin":2219,"end":2228},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6755","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6756","span":{"begin":160,"end":165},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6757","span":{"begin":340,"end":345},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6758","span":{"begin":460,"end":465},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6759","span":{"begin":591,"end":596},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6760","span":{"begin":679,"end":684},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6761","span":{"begin":747,"end":752},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6762","span":{"begin":2043,"end":2048},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6763","span":{"begin":2191,"end":2196},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6764","span":{"begin":2277,"end":2282},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6765","span":{"begin":2372,"end":2377},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6766","span":{"begin":317,"end":325},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6767","span":{"begin":329,"end":336},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6768","span":{"begin":2197,"end":2204},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T23967","span":{"begin":1373,"end":1379},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T23968","span":{"begin":1736,"end":1744},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T23969","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1325},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23970","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1389},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23971","span":{"begin":1417,"end":1424},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23972","span":{"begin":1606,"end":1615},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23973","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1732},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23974","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1088},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23975","span":{"begin":1781,"end":1786},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23976","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1922},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23977","span":{"begin":1943,"end":1948},"obj":"Protein"}],"relations":[{"id":"R5069","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6744","obj":"T6743"},{"id":"R5070","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6745","obj":"T6746"},{"id":"R5071","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6748","obj":"T6747"},{"id":"R5072","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6749","obj":"T6768"},{"id":"R5073","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6750","obj":"T6744"},{"id":"R5074","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6751","obj":"T6745"},{"id":"R5075","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6752","obj":"T6748"},{"id":"R5076","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6754","obj":"T6749"},{"id":"R5077","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6757","obj":"T6767"},{"id":"R5078","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6757","obj":"T6766"},{"id":"R5079","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6758","obj":"T6746"},{"id":"R5080","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6759","obj":"T6747"},{"id":"R5081","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6763","obj":"T6768"},{"id":"R18343","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T23970","obj":"T23967"},{"id":"R18344","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T23973","obj":"T23968"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://bionlp.dbcls.jp/ontology/ge.owl#"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    bionlp-st-ge-2016-reference-tees

    {"project":"bionlp-st-ge-2016-reference-tees","denotations":[{"id":"T6943","span":{"begin":0,"end":5},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6944","span":{"begin":10,"end":13},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6945","span":{"begin":25,"end":34},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6946","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6947","span":{"begin":17,"end":24},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6948","span":{"begin":17,"end":24},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6949","span":{"begin":65,"end":76},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6950","span":{"begin":83,"end":86},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6951","span":{"begin":91,"end":96},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6952","span":{"begin":160,"end":165},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6953","span":{"begin":197,"end":200},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6954","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6955","span":{"begin":340,"end":345},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6956","span":{"begin":350,"end":353},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6957","span":{"begin":241,"end":251},"obj":"Gene_expression"},{"id":"T6958","span":{"begin":354,"end":364},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6959","span":{"begin":354,"end":364},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6960","span":{"begin":390,"end":393},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6961","span":{"begin":460,"end":465},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6962","span":{"begin":475,"end":484},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6963","span":{"begin":489,"end":497},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6964","span":{"begin":591,"end":596},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6965","span":{"begin":679,"end":684},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6966","span":{"begin":690,"end":693},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6967","span":{"begin":694,"end":704},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6968","span":{"begin":747,"end":752},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6969","span":{"begin":761,"end":766},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6970","span":{"begin":806,"end":810},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6971","span":{"begin":822,"end":826},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6972","span":{"begin":753,"end":760},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6973","span":{"begin":780,"end":789},"obj":"Regulation"},{"id":"T6974","span":{"begin":1979,"end":1982},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6975","span":{"begin":2043,"end":2048},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6976","span":{"begin":2079,"end":2082},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6977","span":{"begin":1983,"end":1993},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6978","span":{"begin":2083,"end":2093},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6979","span":{"begin":2157,"end":2160},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6980","span":{"begin":2191,"end":2196},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6981","span":{"begin":2277,"end":2282},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6982","span":{"begin":2161,"end":2171},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6983","span":{"begin":2344,"end":2347},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6984","span":{"begin":2372,"end":2377},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6985","span":{"begin":2415,"end":2419},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6986","span":{"begin":2424,"end":2429},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24061","span":{"begin":886,"end":889},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24062","span":{"begin":893,"end":898},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24063","span":{"begin":872,"end":882},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T24064","span":{"begin":872,"end":882},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T24065","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1088},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24066","span":{"begin":1277,"end":1286},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24067","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1325},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24068","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1389},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24069","span":{"begin":1417,"end":1424},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24070","span":{"begin":1425,"end":1432},"obj":"Regulation"},{"id":"T24071","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1922},"obj":"Protein"}],"relations":[{"id":"R5150","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6943","obj":"T6947"},{"id":"R5151","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6944","obj":"T6948"},{"id":"R5152","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6945","obj":"T6947"},{"id":"R5153","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6945","obj":"T6948"},{"id":"R5154","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6946","obj":"T6949"},{"id":"R5155","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6954","obj":"T6957"},{"id":"R5156","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6955","obj":"T6958"},{"id":"R5157","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6956","obj":"T6959"},{"id":"R5158","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6962","obj":"T6963"},{"id":"R5159","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6966","obj":"T6967"},{"id":"R5160","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6968","obj":"T6972"},{"id":"R5161","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6969","obj":"T6972"},{"id":"R5162","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6970","obj":"T6973"},{"id":"R5163","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6972","obj":"T6973"},{"id":"R5164","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6974","obj":"T6977"},{"id":"R5165","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6976","obj":"T6978"},{"id":"R5166","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6979","obj":"T6982"},{"id":"R18355","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T24061","obj":"T24063"},{"id":"R18356","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T24062","obj":"T24064"},{"id":"R18357","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T24069","obj":"T24070"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    events-check-again

    {"project":"events-check-again","denotations":[{"id":"T6917","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6918","span":{"begin":160,"end":165},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6919","span":{"begin":241,"end":251},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6920","span":{"begin":255,"end":262},"obj":"Protein_catabolism"},{"id":"T6921","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6922","span":{"begin":317,"end":325},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6923","span":{"begin":329,"end":336},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6924","span":{"begin":340,"end":345},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6925","span":{"begin":460,"end":465},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6926","span":{"begin":467,"end":474},"obj":"Protein_catabolism"},{"id":"T6927","span":{"begin":475,"end":484},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6928","span":{"begin":489,"end":497},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6929","span":{"begin":591,"end":596},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6930","span":{"begin":613,"end":617},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6931","span":{"begin":618,"end":625},"obj":"Protein_catabolism"},{"id":"T6932","span":{"begin":626,"end":635},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6933","span":{"begin":679,"end":684},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6934","span":{"begin":747,"end":752},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6935","span":{"begin":2043,"end":2048},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6936","span":{"begin":2134,"end":2143},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6937","span":{"begin":2191,"end":2196},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6938","span":{"begin":2197,"end":2204},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6939","span":{"begin":2219,"end":2228},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6940","span":{"begin":2232,"end":2240},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6941","span":{"begin":2277,"end":2282},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6942","span":{"begin":2372,"end":2377},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24050","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1088},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24051","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1325},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24052","span":{"begin":1373,"end":1379},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T24053","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1389},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24054","span":{"begin":1417,"end":1424},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24055","span":{"begin":1606,"end":1615},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24056","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1732},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24057","span":{"begin":1736,"end":1744},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T24058","span":{"begin":1781,"end":1786},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24059","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1922},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T24060","span":{"begin":1943,"end":1948},"obj":"Protein"}],"relations":[{"id":"R5137","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6920","obj":"T6919"},{"id":"R5138","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6921","obj":"T6920"},{"id":"R5139","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6924","obj":"T6923"},{"id":"R5140","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6924","obj":"T6922"},{"id":"R5141","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6925","obj":"T6928"},{"id":"R5142","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6926","obj":"T6928"},{"id":"R5143","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6927","obj":"T6926"},{"id":"R5144","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6929","obj":"T6930"},{"id":"R5145","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6931","obj":"T6930"},{"id":"R5146","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6932","obj":"T6931"},{"id":"R5147","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6937","obj":"T6938"},{"id":"R5148","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6939","obj":"T6940"},{"id":"R5149","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6940","obj":"T6938"},{"id":"R18353","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T24053","obj":"T24052"},{"id":"R18354","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T24056","obj":"T24057"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    GO-CC

    {"project":"GO-CC","denotations":[{"id":"T6786","span":{"begin":113,"end":117},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T6787","span":{"begin":175,"end":179},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T6788","span":{"begin":2004,"end":2008},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T6789","span":{"begin":2019,"end":2024},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T6790","span":{"begin":2258,"end":2263},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T23992","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1119},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T23993","span":{"begin":1716,"end":1721},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T23994","span":{"begin":1754,"end":1759},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T23995","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019815"},{"id":"T23996","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042571"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    GO-MF

    {"project":"GO-MF","denotations":[{"id":"T6777","span":{"begin":10,"end":13},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6778","span":{"begin":83,"end":86},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6779","span":{"begin":197,"end":200},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6780","span":{"begin":350,"end":353},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6781","span":{"begin":390,"end":393},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6782","span":{"begin":690,"end":693},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6783","span":{"begin":1979,"end":1982},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6784","span":{"begin":2079,"end":2082},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T6785","span":{"begin":2157,"end":2160},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T23990","span":{"begin":886,"end":889},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004697"},{"id":"T23991","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003823"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    GO-BP

    {"project":"GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T6987","span":{"begin":47,"end":64},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903969"},{"id":"T6988","span":{"begin":47,"end":64},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036005"},{"id":"T6989","span":{"begin":47,"end":64},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903970"},{"id":"T6990","span":{"begin":47,"end":64},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903971"},{"id":"T6991","span":{"begin":226,"end":235},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T6992","span":{"begin":286,"end":295},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T6993","span":{"begin":2121,"end":2130},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T6994","span":{"begin":226,"end":235},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T6995","span":{"begin":286,"end":295},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T6996","span":{"begin":2121,"end":2130},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T24072","span":{"begin":907,"end":916},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T24073","span":{"begin":1555,"end":1564},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T24074","span":{"begin":907,"end":916},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T24075","span":{"begin":1555,"end":1564},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    pmc-enju-pas

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and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

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In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"22216091-12861375-90609711","span":{"begin":128,"end":130},"obj":"12861375"},{"id":"22216091-16248967-90609712","span":{"begin":134,"end":136},"obj":"16248967"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    bionlp-st-ge-2016-spacy-parsed

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and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}

    test2

    {"project":"test2","denotations":[{"id":"T6229","span":{"begin":59,"end":64},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6230","span":{"begin":160,"end":165},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6231","span":{"begin":241,"end":251},"obj":"Gene_expression"},{"id":"T6232","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6233","span":{"begin":340,"end":345},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6234","span":{"begin":460,"end":465},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6235","span":{"begin":467,"end":474},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6236","span":{"begin":475,"end":484},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6237","span":{"begin":489,"end":497},"obj":"Positive_regulation"},{"id":"T6238","span":{"begin":591,"end":596},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6239","span":{"begin":626,"end":635},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6240","span":{"begin":679,"end":684},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6241","span":{"begin":747,"end":752},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6242","span":{"begin":2043,"end":2048},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6243","span":{"begin":2134,"end":2143},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6244","span":{"begin":2191,"end":2196},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6245","span":{"begin":2197,"end":2204},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6246","span":{"begin":2219,"end":2228},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6247","span":{"begin":2232,"end":2240},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T6248","span":{"begin":2277,"end":2282},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T6249","span":{"begin":2372,"end":2377},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23538","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1088},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23539","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1325},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23540","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1389},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23541","span":{"begin":1417,"end":1424},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23542","span":{"begin":1606,"end":1615},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23543","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1732},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23544","span":{"begin":1736,"end":1744},"obj":"Negative_regulation"},{"id":"T23545","span":{"begin":1781,"end":1786},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23546","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1922},"obj":"Protein"},{"id":"T23547","span":{"begin":1943,"end":1948},"obj":"Protein"}],"relations":[{"id":"R4602","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6232","obj":"T6231"},{"id":"R4603","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6236","obj":"T6235"},{"id":"R4604","pred":"causeOf","subj":"T6244","obj":"T6245"},{"id":"R4605","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6246","obj":"T6247"},{"id":"R4606","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T6247","obj":"T6245"},{"id":"R17950","pred":"themeOf","subj":"T23543","obj":"T23544"}],"text":"NF-κB and PKC(s) Mediate Human MDM Survival in Response to M-CSF Stimulation\nSince PKC and NF-κB are critical in cell survival [37], [38], we hypothesized that M-CSF promoted cell survival through PKC in human MDMs. To detect apoptosis, the expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, was analyzed in the presence or absence of M-CSF and PKC inhibitors. In MDMs pretreated with PKC inhibitors (Ro-31-8220, Gö-6976, or BAPTA/AM) and stimulated with M-CSF, cleaved caspase-3 was elevated to levels of cells treated with vehicle alone (Figure 3A). In contrast, cells incubated with M-CSF and vehicle had less cleaved caspase-3 than cells incubated with vehicle alone or M-CSF with PKC inhibitors. These data supported the hypothesis that M-CSF-induced NF-κB activity was regulated by conventional PKCs, not novel PKCs.\n10.1371/journal.pone.0028081.g003 Figure 3 Inhibition of PKC or NF-κB induces apoptosis in MDMs.\n(A) MDMs were pre-incubated in RPMI medium containing inhibitors (Ro-31-8220: 5 µM, Gö-6976: 5 µM, BAPTA/AM: 2.5 µM) for 30 minutes prior to the addition of M-CSF. As a control, untreated cells were incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibody recognizing the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The blots were reblotted with β-actin that served as a loading control. The ratio of active caspase-3 bands (17 kD and 19 kD) to β-actin control was determined by densitometry analysis (bottom panel). Data represents the mean ± S.E.M from two independent donors. (B) Apoptosis of the treated MDMs was also measured by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodine (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of surviving cells (Annexin V/PI negative) for the cells treated with vehicle/M-CSF was arbitrarily set as 100. Data shown represent the mean ± S.E.M from three independent experiments. *The p-values of inhibitors/M-CSF compared to vehicle/M-CSF were ≤0.05. To confirm that PKC inhibition decreased cell survival, cells were treated with M-CSF in the absence or presence of PKC inhibitors and then also examined for apoptosis by Annexin V/PI staining. PKC inhibitors in the presence of M-CSF reduced the number of Annexin V/PI negative MDMs compared to cells treated with M-CSF alone (Figure 3B). These observations further suggested that MDM survival is promoted by M-CSF and critically involves conventional PKCs and NF-κB activity."}