Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T2547 |
9-22 |
JJ |
denotes |
Morphological |
T2548 |
23-33 |
NNS |
denotes |
Components |
T2549 |
34-36 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2550 |
37-49 |
JJ |
denotes |
Dorsoventral |
T2551 |
55-66 |
NNS |
denotes |
Differences |
T2552 |
50-54 |
NN |
denotes |
Skin |
T2553 |
66-287 |
sentence |
denotes |
Besides the obvious change in hair color that frequently distinguishes dorsal from ventral skin, casual observation suggests there are additional differences in hair length, distribution of hair type, and skin thickness. |
T2554 |
67-74 |
IN |
denotes |
Besides |
T2555 |
183-191 |
VBZ |
denotes |
suggests |
T2556 |
75-78 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2557 |
87-93 |
NN |
denotes |
change |
T2558 |
79-86 |
JJ |
denotes |
obvious |
T2559 |
94-96 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2560 |
97-101 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2561 |
102-107 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T2562 |
108-112 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T2563 |
124-137 |
VBZ |
denotes |
distinguishes |
T2564 |
113-123 |
RB |
denotes |
frequently |
T2565 |
138-144 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T2566 |
145-149 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T2567 |
150-157 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T2568 |
158-162 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T2569 |
162-164 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2570 |
164-170 |
JJ |
denotes |
casual |
T2571 |
171-182 |
NN |
denotes |
observation |
T2572 |
192-197 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T2573 |
198-201 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T2574 |
202-212 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T2575 |
213-224 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T2576 |
225-227 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2577 |
228-232 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2578 |
233-239 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2579 |
239-241 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2580 |
241-253 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T2581 |
254-256 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2582 |
257-261 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2583 |
262-266 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T2584 |
266-268 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2585 |
268-271 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2586 |
272-276 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T2587 |
277-286 |
NN |
denotes |
thickness |
T2588 |
286-287 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2589 |
287-507 |
sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, dorsoventral differences in pigmentation can represent differences in the number and/or differentiated state of pigment cells, as well as the type of pigment synthesized in response to expression of Agouti. |
T2590 |
288-299 |
RB |
denotes |
Furthermore |
T2591 |
346-355 |
VB |
denotes |
represent |
T2592 |
299-301 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2593 |
301-313 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T2594 |
314-325 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T2595 |
326-328 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2596 |
329-341 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T2597 |
342-345 |
MD |
denotes |
can |
T2598 |
356-367 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T2599 |
368-370 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2600 |
371-374 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2601 |
375-381 |
NN |
denotes |
number |
T2602 |
382-385 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2603 |
385-386 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T2604 |
386-388 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T2605 |
389-403 |
VBN |
denotes |
differentiated |
T2606 |
404-409 |
NN |
denotes |
state |
T2607 |
410-412 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2608 |
413-420 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T2609 |
421-426 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T2610 |
426-428 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2611 |
428-430 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T2612 |
436-438 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T2613 |
431-435 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T2614 |
439-442 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2615 |
443-447 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T2616 |
448-450 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2617 |
451-458 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T2618 |
459-470 |
VBN |
denotes |
synthesized |
T2619 |
471-473 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2620 |
474-482 |
NN |
denotes |
response |
T2621 |
483-485 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T2622 |
486-496 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T2623 |
497-499 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2624 |
500-506 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T2625 |
506-507 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2626 |
507-677 |
sentence |
denotes |
In particular, ventral hair of at/at animals can vary from cream-colored to reddish-yellow depending on age, strain background, and position along the dorsoventral axis. |
T2627 |
508-510 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T2628 |
557-561 |
VB |
denotes |
vary |
T2629 |
511-521 |
JJ |
denotes |
particular |
T2630 |
521-523 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2631 |
523-530 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T2632 |
531-535 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2633 |
536-538 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2634 |
539-541 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2635 |
542-544 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2636 |
541-542 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T2637 |
545-552 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T2638 |
553-556 |
MD |
denotes |
can |
T2639 |
562-566 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T2640 |
567-572 |
NN |
denotes |
cream |
T2641 |
573-580 |
VBN |
denotes |
colored |
T2642 |
572-573 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T2643 |
581-583 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T2644 |
584-591 |
JJ |
denotes |
reddish |
T2645 |
592-598 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T2646 |
591-592 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T2647 |
599-608 |
VBG |
denotes |
depending |
T2648 |
609-611 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T2649 |
612-615 |
NN |
denotes |
age |
T2650 |
615-617 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2651 |
617-623 |
NN |
denotes |
strain |
T2652 |
624-634 |
NN |
denotes |
background |
T2653 |
634-636 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2654 |
636-639 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2655 |
640-648 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T2656 |
649-654 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T2657 |
655-658 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2658 |
672-676 |
NN |
denotes |
axis |
T2659 |
659-671 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T2660 |
676-677 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2661 |
677-799 |
sentence |
denotes |
To evaluate the relationship among these components, we compared their features among mice of different Agouti genotypes. |
T2662 |
678-680 |
TO |
denotes |
To |
T2663 |
681-689 |
VB |
denotes |
evaluate |
T2664 |
734-742 |
VBD |
denotes |
compared |
T2665 |
690-693 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2666 |
694-706 |
NN |
denotes |
relationship |
T2667 |
707-712 |
IN |
denotes |
among |
T2668 |
713-718 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T2669 |
719-729 |
NNS |
denotes |
components |
T2670 |
729-731 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2671 |
731-733 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T2672 |
743-748 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T2673 |
749-757 |
NNS |
denotes |
features |
T2674 |
758-763 |
IN |
denotes |
among |
T2675 |
764-768 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T2676 |
769-771 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2677 |
772-781 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T2678 |
789-798 |
NNS |
denotes |
genotypes |
T2679 |
782-788 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T2680 |
798-799 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2681 |
799-1081 |
sentence |
denotes |
Semiquantitative measurements of hair length plotted as a function of dorsoventral position reveal that the apparent sharp boundary between dorsal and ventral pigment compartments in at/at mice coincides with a more gradual change in both hair color and hair length (Figure 1A–1D). |
T2682 |
800-816 |
JJ |
denotes |
Semiquantitative |
T2683 |
817-829 |
NNS |
denotes |
measurements |
T2684 |
892-898 |
VBP |
denotes |
reveal |
T2685 |
830-832 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2686 |
833-837 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2687 |
838-844 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2688 |
845-852 |
VBN |
denotes |
plotted |
T2689 |
853-855 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T2690 |
856-857 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T2691 |
858-866 |
NN |
denotes |
function |
T2692 |
867-869 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2693 |
870-882 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T2694 |
883-891 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T2695 |
899-903 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T2696 |
994-1003 |
VBZ |
denotes |
coincides |
T2697 |
904-907 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2698 |
923-931 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T2699 |
908-916 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T2700 |
917-922 |
JJ |
denotes |
sharp |
T2701 |
932-939 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T2702 |
940-946 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T2703 |
967-979 |
NNS |
denotes |
compartments |
T2704 |
947-950 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2705 |
951-958 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T2706 |
959-966 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T2707 |
980-982 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2708 |
983-985 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2709 |
986-988 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2710 |
985-986 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T2711 |
989-993 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T2712 |
1004-1008 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T2713 |
1009-1010 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T2714 |
1024-1030 |
NN |
denotes |
change |
T2715 |
1011-1015 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T2716 |
1016-1023 |
JJ |
denotes |
gradual |
T2717 |
1031-1033 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2718 |
1034-1038 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T2719 |
1044-1049 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T2720 |
1039-1043 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2721 |
1050-1053 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2722 |
1054-1058 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2723 |
1059-1065 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2724 |
1066-1067 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2725 |
1074-1076 |
CD |
denotes |
1A |
T2726 |
1067-1073 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T2727 |
1076-1077 |
SYM |
denotes |
– |
T2728 |
1077-1079 |
CD |
denotes |
1D |
T2729 |
1079-1080 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2730 |
1080-1081 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2731 |
1081-1313 |
sentence |
denotes |
Within the region of transition from dorsum to ventrum (Figure 1B), flank hairs from at/at mice become progressively shorter and exhibit increasing amounts of pheomelanin deposition progressing from the tip to the base of the hair. |
T2732 |
1082-1088 |
IN |
denotes |
Within |
T2733 |
1178-1184 |
VBP |
denotes |
become |
T2734 |
1089-1092 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2735 |
1093-1099 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T2736 |
1100-1102 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2737 |
1103-1113 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T2738 |
1114-1118 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T2739 |
1119-1125 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T2740 |
1126-1128 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T2741 |
1129-1136 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T2742 |
1137-1138 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2743 |
1138-1144 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T2744 |
1145-1147 |
CD |
denotes |
1B |
T2745 |
1147-1148 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2746 |
1148-1150 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2747 |
1150-1155 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T2748 |
1156-1161 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T2749 |
1162-1166 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T2750 |
1167-1169 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2751 |
1170-1172 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2752 |
1169-1170 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T2753 |
1173-1177 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T2754 |
1185-1198 |
RB |
denotes |
progressively |
T2755 |
1199-1206 |
JJR |
denotes |
shorter |
T2756 |
1207-1210 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2757 |
1211-1218 |
VBP |
denotes |
exhibit |
T2758 |
1219-1229 |
VBG |
denotes |
increasing |
T2759 |
1230-1237 |
NNS |
denotes |
amounts |
T2760 |
1238-1240 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2761 |
1241-1252 |
NN |
denotes |
pheomelanin |
T2762 |
1253-1263 |
NN |
denotes |
deposition |
T2763 |
1264-1275 |
VBG |
denotes |
progressing |
T2764 |
1276-1280 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T2765 |
1281-1284 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2766 |
1285-1288 |
NN |
denotes |
tip |
T2767 |
1289-1291 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T2768 |
1292-1295 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2769 |
1296-1300 |
NN |
denotes |
base |
T2770 |
1301-1303 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2771 |
1304-1307 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2772 |
1308-1312 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2773 |
1312-1313 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2774 |
1313-1450 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, the region of transition for hair length is considerably broader than that for pigmentation and independent of Agouti genotype. |
T2775 |
1314-1321 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T2776 |
1364-1366 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T2777 |
1321-1323 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2778 |
1323-1326 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2779 |
1327-1333 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T2780 |
1334-1336 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2781 |
1337-1347 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T2782 |
1348-1351 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T2783 |
1352-1356 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2784 |
1357-1363 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2785 |
1367-1379 |
RB |
denotes |
considerably |
T2786 |
1380-1387 |
JJR |
denotes |
broader |
T2787 |
1388-1392 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T2788 |
1393-1397 |
DT |
denotes |
that |
T2789 |
1398-1401 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T2790 |
1402-1414 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T2791 |
1415-1418 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2792 |
1419-1430 |
JJ |
denotes |
independent |
T2793 |
1431-1433 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2794 |
1434-1440 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T2795 |
1441-1449 |
NN |
denotes |
genotype |
T2796 |
1449-1450 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2797 |
1450-1634 |
sentence |
denotes |
Although hair-cycle timing varies along the rostrocaudal axis, measurements of absolute hair length for mice matched for age and rostrocaudal level are remarkably similar (Figure 1D). |
T2798 |
1451-1459 |
IN |
denotes |
Although |
T2799 |
1478-1484 |
VBZ |
denotes |
varies |
T2800 |
1460-1464 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2801 |
1465-1470 |
NN |
denotes |
cycle |
T2802 |
1464-1465 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T2803 |
1471-1477 |
NN |
denotes |
timing |
T2804 |
1599-1602 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T2805 |
1485-1490 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T2806 |
1491-1494 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2807 |
1508-1512 |
NN |
denotes |
axis |
T2808 |
1495-1507 |
JJ |
denotes |
rostrocaudal |
T2809 |
1512-1514 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2810 |
1514-1526 |
NNS |
denotes |
measurements |
T2811 |
1527-1529 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2812 |
1530-1538 |
JJ |
denotes |
absolute |
T2813 |
1544-1550 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2814 |
1539-1543 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2815 |
1551-1554 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T2816 |
1555-1559 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T2817 |
1560-1567 |
VBN |
denotes |
matched |
T2818 |
1568-1571 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T2819 |
1572-1575 |
NN |
denotes |
age |
T2820 |
1576-1579 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2821 |
1580-1592 |
JJ |
denotes |
rostrocaudal |
T2822 |
1593-1598 |
NN |
denotes |
level |
T2823 |
1603-1613 |
RB |
denotes |
remarkably |
T2824 |
1614-1621 |
JJ |
denotes |
similar |
T2825 |
1622-1623 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2826 |
1623-1629 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T2827 |
1630-1632 |
CD |
denotes |
1D |
T2828 |
1632-1633 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2829 |
1633-1634 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2830 |
1634-1813 |
sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, measurements of relative hair length for animals of different age, size, and Agouti genotype also are very similar when normalized to body circumference (Figure 1C). |
T2831 |
1635-1646 |
RB |
denotes |
Furthermore |
T2832 |
1746-1749 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T2833 |
1646-1648 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2834 |
1648-1660 |
NNS |
denotes |
measurements |
T2835 |
1661-1663 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2836 |
1664-1672 |
JJ |
denotes |
relative |
T2837 |
1678-1684 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2838 |
1673-1677 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2839 |
1685-1688 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T2840 |
1689-1696 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T2841 |
1697-1699 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2842 |
1700-1709 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T2843 |
1710-1713 |
NN |
denotes |
age |
T2844 |
1713-1715 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2845 |
1715-1719 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T2846 |
1719-1721 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2847 |
1721-1724 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2848 |
1725-1731 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T2849 |
1732-1740 |
NN |
denotes |
genotype |
T2850 |
1741-1745 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T2851 |
1750-1754 |
RB |
denotes |
very |
T2852 |
1755-1762 |
JJ |
denotes |
similar |
T2853 |
1763-1767 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T2854 |
1768-1778 |
VBN |
denotes |
normalized |
T2855 |
1779-1781 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T2856 |
1782-1786 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T2857 |
1787-1800 |
NN |
denotes |
circumference |
T2858 |
1801-1802 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2859 |
1802-1808 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T2860 |
1809-1811 |
CD |
denotes |
1C |
T2861 |
1811-1812 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2862 |
1812-1813 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2863 |
1813-2083 |
sentence |
denotes |
Taken together, these observations indicate that variation of hair length along the dorsoventral axis is stereotyped and maintained through multiple hair cycles, with a transition in hair length that is gradual and encompasses the pigment-type transition in at/at mice. |
T2864 |
1814-1819 |
VBN |
denotes |
Taken |
T2865 |
1849-1857 |
VBP |
denotes |
indicate |
T2866 |
1820-1828 |
RB |
denotes |
together |
T2867 |
1828-1830 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2868 |
1830-1835 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T2869 |
1836-1848 |
NNS |
denotes |
observations |
T2870 |
1858-1862 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T2871 |
1919-1930 |
VBN |
denotes |
stereotyped |
T2872 |
1863-1872 |
NN |
denotes |
variation |
T2873 |
1873-1875 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2874 |
1876-1880 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2875 |
1881-1887 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2876 |
1888-1893 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T2877 |
1894-1897 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2878 |
1911-1915 |
NN |
denotes |
axis |
T2879 |
1898-1910 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T2880 |
1916-1918 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T2881 |
1931-1934 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2882 |
1935-1945 |
VBN |
denotes |
maintained |
T2883 |
1946-1953 |
IN |
denotes |
through |
T2884 |
1954-1962 |
JJ |
denotes |
multiple |
T2885 |
1968-1974 |
NNS |
denotes |
cycles |
T2886 |
1963-1967 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2887 |
1974-1976 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2888 |
1976-1980 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T2889 |
1981-1982 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T2890 |
1983-1993 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T2891 |
1994-1996 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2892 |
1997-2001 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2893 |
2002-2008 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T2894 |
2009-2013 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T2895 |
2014-2016 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T2896 |
2017-2024 |
JJ |
denotes |
gradual |
T2897 |
2025-2028 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2898 |
2029-2040 |
VBZ |
denotes |
encompasses |
T2899 |
2041-2044 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2900 |
2058-2068 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T2901 |
2045-2052 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T2902 |
2053-2057 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T2903 |
2052-2053 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T2904 |
2069-2071 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2905 |
2072-2074 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2906 |
2075-2077 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T2907 |
2074-2075 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T2908 |
2078-2082 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T2909 |
2082-2083 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2910 |
2083-3281 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 1 Dorsoventral Skin Characteristics
(A) Skin slices from animals of different age and genotype demonstrate similar patterns of hair-length variation along the dorsoventral axis (scale bar = 1 cm).
(B) Enlarged area from (A), demonstrating the transition in hair length and color in at/at mice (scale bar = 0.375 cm).
(C) Proportional hair length for (A) plotted as a function of relative position along the dorsoventral axis.
(D) Hair length plotted as a function of absolute position along the dorsoventral axis for 8-wk-old BA strain mice.
(E) Proportion of zigzag hairs (± SEM) differs slightly between dorsum and ventrum of inbred mice (p < 0.0001, χ2 test, n = 1,958, 1,477, 1,579, 1,502).
(F) Differences in dorsal and ventral skin development at P4.5 (scale bar = 1 mm, upper; 200 μm, lower).
(G) Differences in hair melanin content and DOPA staining for dorsum (d), flank (f), and ventrum (v) in ae/ae and at/at mice. The upper panel also demonstrates a cream-colored appearance of the at/at ventrum. The middle panel shows representative awls (scale bar = 100 μm). The lower panel shows DOPA-stained dermis (scale bar = 200 μm). Dorsal and ventral skin develop at different rates. |
T2911 |
3230-3236 |
JJ |
denotes |
Dorsal |
T2912 |
3249-3253 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T2913 |
3237-3240 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2914 |
3241-3248 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T2915 |
3254-3261 |
VBP |
denotes |
develop |
T2916 |
3262-3264 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T2917 |
3265-3274 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T2918 |
3275-3280 |
NNS |
denotes |
rates |
T2919 |
3280-3281 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2920 |
3281-3507 |
sentence |
denotes |
Transverse sections of skin at postnatal day 4.5 (P4.5) exhibit dorsal hair follicles that are noticeably more developed than ventral hair follicles, along with a gradual dorsoventral decrease in dermal thickness (Figure 1F). |
T2921 |
3282-3292 |
JJ |
denotes |
Transverse |
T2922 |
3293-3301 |
NNS |
denotes |
sections |
T2923 |
3338-3345 |
VBP |
denotes |
exhibit |
T2924 |
3302-3304 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2925 |
3305-3309 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T2926 |
3310-3312 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T2927 |
3313-3322 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T2928 |
3323-3326 |
NN |
denotes |
day |
T2929 |
3327-3330 |
CD |
denotes |
4.5 |
T2930 |
3331-3332 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2931 |
3332-3336 |
NN |
denotes |
P4.5 |
T2932 |
3336-3337 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2933 |
3346-3352 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T2934 |
3358-3367 |
NNS |
denotes |
follicles |
T2935 |
3353-3357 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2936 |
3368-3372 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T2937 |
3373-3376 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T2938 |
3377-3387 |
RB |
denotes |
noticeably |
T2939 |
3393-3402 |
JJ |
denotes |
developed |
T2940 |
3388-3392 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T2941 |
3403-3407 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T2942 |
3408-3415 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T2943 |
3421-3430 |
NNS |
denotes |
follicles |
T2944 |
3416-3420 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2945 |
3430-3432 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2946 |
3432-3437 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T2947 |
3438-3442 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T2948 |
3443-3444 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T2949 |
3466-3474 |
NN |
denotes |
decrease |
T2950 |
3445-3452 |
JJ |
denotes |
gradual |
T2951 |
3453-3465 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T2952 |
3475-3477 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2953 |
3478-3484 |
JJ |
denotes |
dermal |
T2954 |
3485-3494 |
NN |
denotes |
thickness |
T2955 |
3495-3496 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2956 |
3496-3502 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T2957 |
3503-3505 |
CD |
denotes |
1F |
T2958 |
3505-3506 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2959 |
3506-3507 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T2960 |
3507-3704 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, differences in skin thickness disappear by 3–4 wk of age (Forsthoefel et al. 1966), and, overall, the proportion of different hair types is also similar in dorsa and ventra of adult mice. |
T2961 |
3508-3515 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T2962 |
3547-3556 |
VBP |
denotes |
disappear |
T2963 |
3515-3517 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2964 |
3517-3528 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T2965 |
3529-3531 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2966 |
3532-3536 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T2967 |
3537-3546 |
NN |
denotes |
thickness |
T2968 |
3557-3559 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T2969 |
3560-3561 |
CD |
denotes |
3 |
T2970 |
3562-3563 |
CD |
denotes |
4 |
T2971 |
3561-3562 |
SYM |
denotes |
– |
T2972 |
3564-3566 |
NN |
denotes |
wk |
T2973 |
3567-3569 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2974 |
3570-3573 |
NN |
denotes |
age |
T2975 |
3574-3575 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T2976 |
3575-3586 |
NNP |
denotes |
Forsthoefel |
T2977 |
3587-3589 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T2978 |
3590-3593 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T2979 |
3594-3598 |
CD |
denotes |
1966 |
T2980 |
3598-3599 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T2981 |
3599-3601 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2982 |
3601-3604 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2983 |
3604-3606 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2984 |
3606-3613 |
RB |
denotes |
overall |
T2985 |
3654-3656 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T2986 |
3613-3615 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T2987 |
3615-3618 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T2988 |
3619-3629 |
NN |
denotes |
proportion |
T2989 |
3630-3632 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T2990 |
3633-3642 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T2991 |
3648-3653 |
NNS |
denotes |
types |
T2992 |
3643-3647 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T2993 |
3657-3661 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T2994 |
3662-3669 |
JJ |
denotes |
similar |
T2995 |
3670-3672 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T2996 |
3673-3678 |
NNS |
denotes |
dorsa |
T2997 |
3679-3682 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T2998 |
3683-3689 |
NNS |
denotes |
ventra |
T2999 |
3690-3692 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3000 |
3693-3698 |
JJ |
denotes |
adult |
T3001 |
3699-3703 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3002 |
3703-3704 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3003 |
3704-3998 |
sentence |
denotes |
In age-matched inbred mice, we observed a small decrease in the ratio of undercoat hairs (zigzags) to overcoat hairs (auchenes, awls, and guard hairs) in dorsum compared to ventrum (Figure 1E), but there was no consistent difference in hair-type distribution for outbred mice (data not shown). |
T3004 |
3705-3707 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T3005 |
3736-3744 |
VBD |
denotes |
observed |
T3006 |
3708-3711 |
NN |
denotes |
age |
T3007 |
3712-3719 |
VBN |
denotes |
matched |
T3008 |
3711-3712 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3009 |
3727-3731 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3010 |
3720-3726 |
JJ |
denotes |
inbred |
T3011 |
3731-3733 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3012 |
3733-3735 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T3013 |
3745-3746 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3014 |
3753-3761 |
NN |
denotes |
decrease |
T3015 |
3747-3752 |
JJ |
denotes |
small |
T3016 |
3762-3764 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3017 |
3765-3768 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3018 |
3769-3774 |
NN |
denotes |
ratio |
T3019 |
3775-3777 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3020 |
3778-3787 |
NN |
denotes |
undercoat |
T3021 |
3788-3793 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3022 |
3794-3795 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3023 |
3795-3802 |
NNS |
denotes |
zigzags |
T3024 |
3802-3803 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3025 |
3804-3806 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3026 |
3807-3815 |
NN |
denotes |
overcoat |
T3027 |
3816-3821 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3028 |
3822-3823 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3029 |
3823-3831 |
NNS |
denotes |
auchenes |
T3030 |
3831-3833 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3031 |
3833-3837 |
NNS |
denotes |
awls |
T3032 |
3837-3839 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3033 |
3839-3842 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3034 |
3843-3848 |
NN |
denotes |
guard |
T3035 |
3849-3854 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3036 |
3854-3855 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3037 |
3856-3858 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3038 |
3859-3865 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T3039 |
3866-3874 |
VBN |
denotes |
compared |
T3040 |
3875-3877 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3041 |
3878-3885 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T3042 |
3886-3887 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3043 |
3887-3893 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T3044 |
3894-3896 |
CD |
denotes |
1E |
T3045 |
3896-3897 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3046 |
3897-3899 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3047 |
3899-3902 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3048 |
3903-3908 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T3049 |
3909-3912 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T3050 |
3913-3915 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T3051 |
3927-3937 |
NN |
denotes |
difference |
T3052 |
3916-3926 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T3053 |
3938-3940 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3054 |
3941-3945 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3055 |
3946-3950 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T3056 |
3945-3946 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3057 |
3951-3963 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T3058 |
3964-3967 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T3059 |
3968-3975 |
JJ |
denotes |
outbred |
T3060 |
3976-3980 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3061 |
3981-3982 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3062 |
3991-3996 |
VBN |
denotes |
shown |
T3063 |
3982-3986 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T3064 |
3987-3990 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T3065 |
3996-3997 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3066 |
3997-3998 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3067 |
3998-4372 |
sentence |
denotes |
Differences between dorsal and ventral pigmentation of at/at mice are usually attributed to pigment-type differences caused by ventral-specific expression of Agouti, but animals homozygous for a null allele of Agouti, extreme nonagouti (ae), have ventral hairs that contain less melanin than dorsal hairs, giving a slightly paler appearance to the ventral coat (Figure 1G). |
T3068 |
3999-4010 |
NNS |
denotes |
Differences |
T3069 |
4077-4087 |
VBN |
denotes |
attributed |
T3070 |
4011-4018 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T3071 |
4019-4025 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3072 |
4038-4050 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T3073 |
4026-4029 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3074 |
4030-4037 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3075 |
4051-4053 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3076 |
4054-4056 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3077 |
4057-4059 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3078 |
4056-4057 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3079 |
4060-4064 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3080 |
4065-4068 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T3081 |
4069-4076 |
RB |
denotes |
usually |
T3082 |
4088-4090 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3083 |
4091-4098 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T3084 |
4099-4103 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T3085 |
4098-4099 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3086 |
4104-4115 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T3087 |
4116-4122 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T3088 |
4123-4125 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T3089 |
4126-4133 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3090 |
4134-4142 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T3091 |
4133-4134 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3092 |
4143-4153 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T3093 |
4154-4156 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3094 |
4157-4163 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T3095 |
4163-4165 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3096 |
4165-4168 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3097 |
4169-4176 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T3098 |
4241-4245 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T3099 |
4177-4187 |
JJ |
denotes |
homozygous |
T3100 |
4188-4191 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T3101 |
4192-4193 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3102 |
4199-4205 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T3103 |
4194-4198 |
JJ |
denotes |
null |
T3104 |
4206-4208 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3105 |
4209-4215 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T3106 |
4215-4217 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3107 |
4217-4224 |
JJ |
denotes |
extreme |
T3108 |
4225-4234 |
NN |
denotes |
nonagouti |
T3109 |
4235-4236 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3110 |
4236-4238 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3111 |
4238-4239 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3112 |
4239-4241 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3113 |
4246-4253 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3114 |
4254-4259 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3115 |
4260-4264 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T3116 |
4265-4272 |
VBP |
denotes |
contain |
T3117 |
4273-4277 |
JJR |
denotes |
less |
T3118 |
4278-4285 |
NN |
denotes |
melanin |
T3119 |
4286-4290 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T3120 |
4291-4297 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3121 |
4298-4303 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3122 |
4303-4305 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3123 |
4305-4311 |
VBG |
denotes |
giving |
T3124 |
4312-4313 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3125 |
4329-4339 |
NN |
denotes |
appearance |
T3126 |
4314-4322 |
RB |
denotes |
slightly |
T3127 |
4323-4328 |
JJ |
denotes |
paler |
T3128 |
4340-4342 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3129 |
4343-4346 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3130 |
4355-4359 |
NN |
denotes |
coat |
T3131 |
4347-4354 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3132 |
4360-4361 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3133 |
4361-4367 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T3134 |
4368-4370 |
CD |
denotes |
1G |
T3135 |
4370-4371 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3136 |
4371-4372 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3137 |
4372-4544 |
sentence |
denotes |
Using DOPA staining as an indicator of tyrosinase activity, we observed a gradual dorsoventral transition in isolated dermis preparations from P4.5 ae/ae mice (Figure 1G). |
T3138 |
4373-4378 |
VBG |
denotes |
Using |
T3139 |
4436-4444 |
VBD |
denotes |
observed |
T3140 |
4379-4383 |
NN |
denotes |
DOPA |
T3141 |
4384-4392 |
NN |
denotes |
staining |
T3142 |
4393-4395 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T3143 |
4396-4398 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T3144 |
4399-4408 |
NN |
denotes |
indicator |
T3145 |
4409-4411 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3146 |
4412-4422 |
NN |
denotes |
tyrosinase |
T3147 |
4423-4431 |
NN |
denotes |
activity |
T3148 |
4431-4433 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3149 |
4433-4435 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T3150 |
4445-4446 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3151 |
4468-4478 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T3152 |
4447-4454 |
JJ |
denotes |
gradual |
T3153 |
4455-4467 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T3154 |
4479-4481 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3155 |
4482-4490 |
VBN |
denotes |
isolated |
T3156 |
4498-4510 |
NNS |
denotes |
preparations |
T3157 |
4491-4497 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T3158 |
4511-4515 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T3159 |
4516-4520 |
NN |
denotes |
P4.5 |
T3160 |
4527-4531 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3161 |
4521-4523 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3162 |
4524-4526 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3163 |
4523-4524 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3164 |
4532-4533 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3165 |
4533-4539 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T3166 |
4540-4542 |
CD |
denotes |
1G |
T3167 |
4542-4543 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3168 |
4543-4544 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3169 |
4544-4789 |
sentence |
denotes |
By contrast, skin from at/at mice reveal an abrupt dorsoventral transition of DOPA staining, which probably reflects the additive effects of reduced melanin content (as in ae/ae mice) and downregulation of tyrosinase activity induced by Agouti. |
T3170 |
4545-4547 |
IN |
denotes |
By |
T3171 |
4579-4585 |
VBP |
denotes |
reveal |
T3172 |
4548-4556 |
NN |
denotes |
contrast |
T3173 |
4556-4558 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3174 |
4558-4562 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T3175 |
4563-4567 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T3176 |
4568-4570 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3177 |
4571-4573 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3178 |
4570-4571 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3179 |
4574-4578 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3180 |
4586-4588 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T3181 |
4609-4619 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T3182 |
4589-4595 |
JJ |
denotes |
abrupt |
T3183 |
4596-4608 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T3184 |
4620-4622 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3185 |
4623-4627 |
NN |
denotes |
DOPA |
T3186 |
4628-4636 |
NN |
denotes |
staining |
T3187 |
4636-4638 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3188 |
4638-4643 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T3189 |
4653-4661 |
VBZ |
denotes |
reflects |
T3190 |
4644-4652 |
RB |
denotes |
probably |
T3191 |
4662-4665 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3192 |
4675-4682 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T3193 |
4666-4674 |
JJ |
denotes |
additive |
T3194 |
4683-4685 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3195 |
4686-4693 |
VBN |
denotes |
reduced |
T3196 |
4702-4709 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T3197 |
4694-4701 |
NN |
denotes |
melanin |
T3198 |
4710-4711 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3199 |
4711-4713 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T3200 |
4714-4716 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3201 |
4717-4719 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3202 |
4720-4722 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3203 |
4719-4720 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3204 |
4723-4727 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3205 |
4727-4728 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3206 |
4729-4732 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3207 |
4733-4747 |
NN |
denotes |
downregulation |
T3208 |
4748-4750 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3209 |
4751-4761 |
NN |
denotes |
tyrosinase |
T3210 |
4762-4770 |
NN |
denotes |
activity |
T3211 |
4771-4778 |
VBN |
denotes |
induced |
T3212 |
4779-4781 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T3213 |
4782-4788 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T3214 |
4788-4789 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3215 |
4789-4922 |
sentence |
denotes |
Melanin content of individual hairs is likely to be influenced both by the number of pigment cells and their follicular environment. |
T3216 |
4790-4797 |
NN |
denotes |
Melanin |
T3217 |
4798-4805 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T3218 |
4826-4828 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3219 |
4806-4808 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3220 |
4809-4819 |
JJ |
denotes |
individual |
T3221 |
4820-4825 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3222 |
4829-4835 |
JJ |
denotes |
likely |
T3223 |
4836-4838 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T3224 |
4842-4852 |
VBN |
denotes |
influenced |
T3225 |
4839-4841 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T3226 |
4853-4857 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T3227 |
4858-4860 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T3228 |
4861-4864 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3229 |
4865-4871 |
NN |
denotes |
number |
T3230 |
4872-4874 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3231 |
4875-4882 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T3232 |
4883-4888 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T3233 |
4889-4892 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3234 |
4893-4898 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T3235 |
4910-4921 |
NN |
denotes |
environment |
T3236 |
4899-4909 |
JJ |
denotes |
follicular |
T3237 |
4921-4922 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3238 |
4922-5105 |
sentence |
denotes |
Regardless, dorsoventral differences in hair pigment content of ae/ae mice persist throughout multiple hair cycles into adulthood, similar to hair length (but unlike skin thickness). |
T3239 |
4923-4933 |
RB |
denotes |
Regardless |
T3240 |
4998-5005 |
VBP |
denotes |
persist |
T3241 |
4933-4935 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3242 |
4935-4947 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T3243 |
4948-4959 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T3244 |
4960-4962 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3245 |
4963-4967 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3246 |
4976-4983 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T3247 |
4968-4975 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T3248 |
4984-4986 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3249 |
4987-4989 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3250 |
4990-4992 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T3251 |
4989-4990 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3252 |
4993-4997 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3253 |
5006-5016 |
IN |
denotes |
throughout |
T3254 |
5017-5025 |
JJ |
denotes |
multiple |
T3255 |
5031-5037 |
NNS |
denotes |
cycles |
T3256 |
5026-5030 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3257 |
5038-5042 |
IN |
denotes |
into |
T3258 |
5043-5052 |
NN |
denotes |
adulthood |
T3259 |
5052-5054 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3260 |
5054-5061 |
JJ |
denotes |
similar |
T3261 |
5062-5064 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3262 |
5065-5069 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3263 |
5070-5076 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T3264 |
5077-5078 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3265 |
5078-5081 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3266 |
5082-5088 |
IN |
denotes |
unlike |
T3267 |
5089-5093 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T3268 |
5094-5103 |
NN |
denotes |
thickness |
T3269 |
5103-5104 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3270 |
5104-5105 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3271 |
5105-5314 |
sentence |
denotes |
Thus, at least three characteristics distinguish dorsal from ventral skin: differences in pigment-type synthesis (depending on Agouti genotype), differences in hair length, and differences in melanin content. |
T3272 |
5106-5110 |
RB |
denotes |
Thus |
T3273 |
5143-5154 |
VBP |
denotes |
distinguish |
T3274 |
5110-5112 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3275 |
5112-5114 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T3276 |
5121-5126 |
CD |
denotes |
three |
T3277 |
5115-5120 |
RBS |
denotes |
least |
T3278 |
5127-5142 |
NNS |
denotes |
characteristics |
T3279 |
5155-5161 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3280 |
5162-5166 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T3281 |
5167-5174 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3282 |
5175-5179 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T3283 |
5179-5181 |
: |
denotes |
: |
T3284 |
5181-5192 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T3285 |
5193-5195 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3286 |
5196-5203 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T3287 |
5204-5208 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T3288 |
5203-5204 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3289 |
5209-5218 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T3290 |
5219-5220 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3291 |
5220-5229 |
VBG |
denotes |
depending |
T3292 |
5230-5232 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T3293 |
5233-5239 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T3294 |
5240-5248 |
NN |
denotes |
genotype |
T3295 |
5248-5249 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3296 |
5249-5251 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3297 |
5251-5262 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T3298 |
5263-5265 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3299 |
5266-5270 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3300 |
5271-5277 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T3301 |
5277-5279 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3302 |
5279-5282 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3303 |
5283-5294 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T3304 |
5295-5297 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3305 |
5298-5305 |
NN |
denotes |
melanin |
T3306 |
5306-5313 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T3307 |
5313-5314 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3535 |
5316-5330 |
NN |
denotes |
Ventralization |
T3536 |
5331-5333 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3537 |
5334-5338 |
NN |
denotes |
Skin |
T3538 |
5339-5349 |
NN |
denotes |
Morphology |
T3539 |
5350-5352 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T3540 |
5353-5356 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3541 |
5368-5376 |
NN |
denotes |
Mutation |
T3542 |
5357-5363 |
JJ |
denotes |
droopy |
T3543 |
5364-5367 |
NN |
denotes |
ear |
T3544 |
5376-5707 |
sentence |
denotes |
Named after its effects on craniofacial morphology, droopy ear is a recessive mutation on mouse Chromosome 3; the original allele described more than 40 years ago by Curry (1959) is extinct, but a spontaneous remutation that occurred in Harwell, deH, is available through The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine, United States). |
T3545 |
5377-5382 |
VBN |
denotes |
Named |
T3546 |
5440-5442 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3547 |
5383-5388 |
IN |
denotes |
after |
T3548 |
5389-5392 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
its |
T3549 |
5393-5400 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T3550 |
5401-5403 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T3551 |
5404-5416 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T3552 |
5417-5427 |
NN |
denotes |
morphology |
T3553 |
5427-5429 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3554 |
5429-5435 |
JJ |
denotes |
droopy |
T3555 |
5436-5439 |
NN |
denotes |
ear |
T3556 |
5556-5558 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3557 |
5443-5444 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3558 |
5455-5463 |
NN |
denotes |
mutation |
T3559 |
5445-5454 |
JJ |
denotes |
recessive |
T3560 |
5464-5466 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T3561 |
5467-5472 |
NN |
denotes |
mouse |
T3562 |
5473-5483 |
NN |
denotes |
Chromosome |
T3563 |
5484-5485 |
CD |
denotes |
3 |
T3564 |
5485-5486 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T3565 |
5487-5490 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3566 |
5500-5506 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T3567 |
5491-5499 |
JJ |
denotes |
original |
T3568 |
5507-5516 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T3569 |
5517-5521 |
JJR |
denotes |
more |
T3570 |
5527-5529 |
CD |
denotes |
40 |
T3571 |
5522-5526 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T3572 |
5530-5535 |
NNS |
denotes |
years |
T3573 |
5536-5539 |
RB |
denotes |
ago |
T3574 |
5540-5542 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T3575 |
5543-5548 |
NNP |
denotes |
Curry |
T3576 |
5549-5550 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3577 |
5550-5554 |
CD |
denotes |
1959 |
T3578 |
5554-5555 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3579 |
5559-5566 |
JJ |
denotes |
extinct |
T3580 |
5566-5568 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3581 |
5568-5571 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3582 |
5572-5573 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3583 |
5586-5596 |
NN |
denotes |
remutation |
T3584 |
5574-5585 |
JJ |
denotes |
spontaneous |
T3585 |
5628-5630 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3586 |
5597-5601 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T3587 |
5602-5610 |
VBD |
denotes |
occurred |
T3588 |
5611-5613 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3589 |
5614-5621 |
NNP |
denotes |
Harwell |
T3590 |
5621-5623 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3591 |
5623-5626 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3592 |
5626-5628 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3593 |
5631-5640 |
JJ |
denotes |
available |
T3594 |
5641-5648 |
IN |
denotes |
through |
T3595 |
5649-5652 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T3596 |
5661-5671 |
NNP |
denotes |
Laboratory |
T3597 |
5653-5660 |
NNP |
denotes |
Jackson |
T3598 |
5672-5673 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3599 |
5677-5683 |
NNP |
denotes |
Harbor |
T3600 |
5673-5676 |
NNP |
denotes |
Bar |
T3601 |
5683-5685 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3602 |
5685-5690 |
NNP |
denotes |
Maine |
T3603 |
5690-5692 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3604 |
5692-5698 |
NNP |
denotes |
United |
T3605 |
5699-5705 |
NNP |
denotes |
States |
T3606 |
5705-5706 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3607 |
5706-5707 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3608 |
5707-6004 |
sentence |
denotes |
External craniofacial malformations are the most obvious characteristic of deH/deH animals, including widely spaced eyes, small palpebral fissures, a broad nasal area, and a shortened skull held in an elevated position, which presumably causes or contributes to the abnormal position of the ears. |
T3609 |
5708-5716 |
JJ |
denotes |
External |
T3610 |
5730-5743 |
NNS |
denotes |
malformations |
T3611 |
5717-5729 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T3612 |
5744-5747 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T3613 |
5748-5751 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3614 |
5765-5779 |
NN |
denotes |
characteristic |
T3615 |
5752-5756 |
RBS |
denotes |
most |
T3616 |
5757-5764 |
JJ |
denotes |
obvious |
T3617 |
5780-5782 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3618 |
5783-5786 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3619 |
5787-5790 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3620 |
5786-5787 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3621 |
5791-5798 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T3622 |
5798-5800 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3623 |
5800-5809 |
VBG |
denotes |
including |
T3624 |
5810-5816 |
RB |
denotes |
widely |
T3625 |
5817-5823 |
VBN |
denotes |
spaced |
T3626 |
5824-5828 |
NNS |
denotes |
eyes |
T3627 |
5828-5830 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3628 |
5830-5835 |
JJ |
denotes |
small |
T3629 |
5846-5854 |
NNS |
denotes |
fissures |
T3630 |
5836-5845 |
JJ |
denotes |
palpebral |
T3631 |
5854-5856 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3632 |
5856-5857 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3633 |
5870-5874 |
NN |
denotes |
area |
T3634 |
5858-5863 |
JJ |
denotes |
broad |
T3635 |
5864-5869 |
JJ |
denotes |
nasal |
T3636 |
5874-5876 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3637 |
5876-5879 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3638 |
5880-5881 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3639 |
5892-5897 |
NN |
denotes |
skull |
T3640 |
5882-5891 |
JJ |
denotes |
shortened |
T3641 |
5898-5902 |
VBN |
denotes |
held |
T3642 |
5903-5905 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3643 |
5906-5908 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T3644 |
5918-5926 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T3645 |
5909-5917 |
JJ |
denotes |
elevated |
T3646 |
5926-5928 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3647 |
5928-5933 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T3648 |
5945-5951 |
VBZ |
denotes |
causes |
T3649 |
5934-5944 |
RB |
denotes |
presumably |
T3650 |
5952-5954 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T3651 |
5955-5966 |
VBZ |
denotes |
contributes |
T3652 |
5967-5969 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3653 |
5970-5973 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3654 |
5983-5991 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T3655 |
5974-5982 |
JJ |
denotes |
abnormal |
T3656 |
5992-5994 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3657 |
5995-5998 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3658 |
5999-6003 |
NNS |
denotes |
ears |
T3659 |
6003-6004 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3660 |
6004-6358 |
sentence |
denotes |
We became interested in droopy ear because the original allele was described to affect pigment pattern in a way that suggests a possible dorsal to ventral transformation: “On a genetic background (at and AW) which causes the belly hair to be lighter than the back hair, the belly hair comes up farther round the sides of the body and face” (Curry 1959). |
T3661 |
6005-6007 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T3662 |
6008-6014 |
VBD |
denotes |
became |
T3663 |
6290-6295 |
VBZ |
denotes |
comes |
T3664 |
6015-6025 |
JJ |
denotes |
interested |
T3665 |
6026-6028 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3666 |
6029-6035 |
JJ |
denotes |
droopy |
T3667 |
6036-6039 |
NN |
denotes |
ear |
T3668 |
6040-6047 |
IN |
denotes |
because |
T3669 |
6072-6081 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T3670 |
6048-6051 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3671 |
6061-6067 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T3672 |
6052-6060 |
JJ |
denotes |
original |
T3673 |
6068-6071 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T3674 |
6082-6084 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T3675 |
6085-6091 |
VB |
denotes |
affect |
T3676 |
6092-6099 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T3677 |
6100-6107 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T3678 |
6108-6110 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3679 |
6111-6112 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3680 |
6113-6116 |
NN |
denotes |
way |
T3681 |
6117-6121 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T3682 |
6122-6130 |
VBZ |
denotes |
suggests |
T3683 |
6131-6132 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3684 |
6160-6174 |
NN |
denotes |
transformation |
T3685 |
6133-6141 |
JJ |
denotes |
possible |
T3686 |
6142-6148 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3687 |
6149-6151 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3688 |
6152-6159 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3689 |
6174-6176 |
: |
denotes |
: |
T3690 |
6176-6177 |
`` |
denotes |
“ |
T3691 |
6177-6179 |
IN |
denotes |
On |
T3692 |
6180-6181 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3693 |
6190-6200 |
NN |
denotes |
background |
T3694 |
6182-6189 |
JJ |
denotes |
genetic |
T3695 |
6201-6202 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3696 |
6202-6204 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3697 |
6205-6208 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3698 |
6209-6211 |
NN |
denotes |
AW |
T3699 |
6211-6212 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3700 |
6213-6218 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T3701 |
6219-6225 |
VBZ |
denotes |
causes |
T3702 |
6226-6229 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3703 |
6236-6240 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3704 |
6230-6235 |
NN |
denotes |
belly |
T3705 |
6244-6246 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T3706 |
6241-6243 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T3707 |
6247-6254 |
JJR |
denotes |
lighter |
T3708 |
6255-6259 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T3709 |
6260-6263 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3710 |
6269-6273 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3711 |
6264-6268 |
NN |
denotes |
back |
T3712 |
6273-6275 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3713 |
6275-6278 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3714 |
6285-6289 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T3715 |
6279-6284 |
NN |
denotes |
belly |
T3716 |
6296-6298 |
RP |
denotes |
up |
T3717 |
6299-6306 |
RBR |
denotes |
farther |
T3718 |
6307-6312 |
IN |
denotes |
round |
T3719 |
6313-6316 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3720 |
6317-6322 |
NNS |
denotes |
sides |
T3721 |
6323-6325 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3722 |
6326-6329 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3723 |
6330-6334 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T3724 |
6335-6338 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3725 |
6339-6343 |
NN |
denotes |
face |
T3726 |
6343-6344 |
'' |
denotes |
” |
T3727 |
6345-6346 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3728 |
6346-6351 |
NNP |
denotes |
Curry |
T3729 |
6352-6356 |
CD |
denotes |
1959 |
T3730 |
6356-6357 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3731 |
6357-6358 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3732 |
6358-6578 |
sentence |
denotes |
An abnormal dorsoventral pigment pattern is readily apparent in at/at; deH/deH mice, but comparison to nonmutant animals is more accurately described in terms of ventral, lateral, and dorsal regions (Figures 1G and 2A). |
T3733 |
6359-6361 |
DT |
denotes |
An |
T3734 |
6392-6399 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T3735 |
6362-6370 |
JJ |
denotes |
abnormal |
T3736 |
6371-6383 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T3737 |
6384-6391 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T3738 |
6400-6402 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3739 |
6403-6410 |
RB |
denotes |
readily |
T3740 |
6411-6419 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T3741 |
6420-6422 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3742 |
6423-6425 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3743 |
6426-6428 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3744 |
6425-6426 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3745 |
6438-6442 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3746 |
6428-6429 |
, |
denotes |
; |
T3747 |
6430-6433 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3748 |
6434-6437 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3749 |
6433-6434 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3750 |
6442-6444 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3751 |
6444-6447 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3752 |
6448-6458 |
NN |
denotes |
comparison |
T3753 |
6499-6508 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T3754 |
6459-6461 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3755 |
6462-6471 |
JJ |
denotes |
nonmutant |
T3756 |
6472-6479 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T3757 |
6480-6482 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3758 |
6483-6487 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T3759 |
6488-6498 |
RB |
denotes |
accurately |
T3760 |
6509-6511 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3761 |
6512-6517 |
NNS |
denotes |
terms |
T3762 |
6518-6520 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3763 |
6521-6528 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3764 |
6550-6557 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T3765 |
6528-6530 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3766 |
6530-6537 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T3767 |
6537-6539 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3768 |
6539-6542 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3769 |
6543-6549 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3770 |
6558-6559 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3771 |
6567-6569 |
CD |
denotes |
1G |
T3772 |
6559-6566 |
NNS |
denotes |
Figures |
T3773 |
6570-6573 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3774 |
6574-6576 |
CD |
denotes |
2A |
T3775 |
6576-6577 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3776 |
6577-6578 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3777 |
6578-6843 |
sentence |
denotes |
The ventral region has short hairs with a gray base and cream-colored tip whose boundary coincides with the limb–body wall junction; both the appearance of this region and position of the boundary are approximately similar in at/at compared to at/at; deH/deH mice. |
T3778 |
6579-6582 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T3779 |
6591-6597 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3780 |
6583-6590 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3781 |
6598-6601 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T3782 |
6776-6779 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T3783 |
6602-6607 |
JJ |
denotes |
short |
T3784 |
6608-6613 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3785 |
6614-6618 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T3786 |
6619-6620 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3787 |
6626-6630 |
NN |
denotes |
base |
T3788 |
6621-6625 |
JJ |
denotes |
gray |
T3789 |
6631-6634 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3790 |
6635-6640 |
NN |
denotes |
cream |
T3791 |
6641-6648 |
VBN |
denotes |
colored |
T3792 |
6640-6641 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3793 |
6649-6652 |
NN |
denotes |
tip |
T3794 |
6653-6658 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T3795 |
6659-6667 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T3796 |
6668-6677 |
VBZ |
denotes |
coincides |
T3797 |
6678-6682 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T3798 |
6683-6686 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3799 |
6702-6710 |
NN |
denotes |
junction |
T3800 |
6687-6691 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T3801 |
6692-6696 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T3802 |
6691-6692 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T3803 |
6697-6701 |
NN |
denotes |
wall |
T3804 |
6710-6711 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T3805 |
6712-6716 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T3806 |
6721-6731 |
NN |
denotes |
appearance |
T3807 |
6717-6720 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3808 |
6732-6734 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3809 |
6735-6739 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T3810 |
6740-6746 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3811 |
6747-6750 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3812 |
6751-6759 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T3813 |
6760-6762 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3814 |
6763-6766 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3815 |
6767-6775 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T3816 |
6780-6793 |
RB |
denotes |
approximately |
T3817 |
6794-6801 |
JJ |
denotes |
similar |
T3818 |
6802-6804 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3819 |
6805-6807 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3820 |
6808-6810 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3821 |
6807-6808 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3822 |
6838-6842 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3823 |
6811-6819 |
VBN |
denotes |
compared |
T3824 |
6820-6822 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3825 |
6823-6825 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3826 |
6826-6828 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3827 |
6825-6826 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3828 |
6828-6829 |
, |
denotes |
; |
T3829 |
6830-6833 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3830 |
6834-6837 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3831 |
6833-6834 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3832 |
6842-6843 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3833 |
6843-7211 |
sentence |
denotes |
The lateral region contains yellow hairs of progressively increasing length; in at/at mice, the lateral region appears as a thin yellow stripe along the flank, but in at/at; deH/deH mice, the lateral region is considerably expanded with a diffuse boundary along the dorsal flank, and a dorsal eumelanic region whose size is correspondingly reduced (Figure 2A and 2B). |
T3834 |
6844-6847 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T3835 |
6856-6862 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3836 |
6848-6855 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T3837 |
6863-6871 |
VBZ |
denotes |
contains |
T3838 |
6955-6962 |
VBZ |
denotes |
appears |
T3839 |
6872-6878 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T3840 |
6879-6884 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T3841 |
6885-6887 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3842 |
6888-6901 |
RB |
denotes |
progressively |
T3843 |
6902-6912 |
VBG |
denotes |
increasing |
T3844 |
6913-6919 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T3845 |
6919-6920 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T3846 |
6921-6923 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3847 |
6924-6926 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3848 |
6927-6929 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3849 |
6926-6927 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3850 |
6930-6934 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3851 |
6934-6936 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3852 |
6936-6939 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3853 |
6948-6954 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3854 |
6940-6947 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T3855 |
6963-6965 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T3856 |
6966-6967 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3857 |
6980-6986 |
NN |
denotes |
stripe |
T3858 |
6968-6972 |
JJ |
denotes |
thin |
T3859 |
6973-6979 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T3860 |
6987-6992 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T3861 |
6993-6996 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3862 |
6997-7002 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T3863 |
7002-7004 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3864 |
7004-7007 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3865 |
7008-7010 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3866 |
7051-7053 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3867 |
7011-7013 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3868 |
7014-7016 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T3869 |
7013-7014 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3870 |
7026-7030 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T3871 |
7016-7017 |
, |
denotes |
; |
T3872 |
7018-7021 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3873 |
7022-7025 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T3874 |
7021-7022 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T3875 |
7030-7032 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3876 |
7032-7035 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3877 |
7044-7050 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3878 |
7036-7043 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T3879 |
7054-7066 |
RB |
denotes |
considerably |
T3880 |
7067-7075 |
JJ |
denotes |
expanded |
T3881 |
7076-7080 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T3882 |
7081-7082 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3883 |
7091-7099 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T3884 |
7083-7090 |
JJ |
denotes |
diffuse |
T3885 |
7100-7105 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T3886 |
7106-7109 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3887 |
7117-7122 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T3888 |
7110-7116 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3889 |
7122-7124 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3890 |
7124-7127 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3891 |
7128-7129 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3892 |
7147-7153 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3893 |
7130-7136 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T3894 |
7137-7146 |
JJ |
denotes |
eumelanic |
T3895 |
7154-7159 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T3896 |
7160-7164 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T3897 |
7184-7191 |
VBN |
denotes |
reduced |
T3898 |
7165-7167 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3899 |
7168-7183 |
RB |
denotes |
correspondingly |
T3900 |
7192-7193 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3901 |
7200-7202 |
CD |
denotes |
2A |
T3902 |
7193-7199 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T3903 |
7203-7206 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T3904 |
7207-7209 |
CD |
denotes |
2B |
T3905 |
7209-7210 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3906 |
7210-7211 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3907 |
7211-7429 |
sentence |
denotes |
Total body size is smaller in mutant compared to nonmutant animals, but the proportion of body circumference occupied by the lateral region in mutant animals is increased about 2-fold, from 11.9% to 22.2% (Figure 2C). |
T3908 |
7212-7217 |
JJ |
denotes |
Total |
T3909 |
7223-7227 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T3910 |
7218-7222 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T3911 |
7228-7230 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3912 |
7231-7238 |
JJR |
denotes |
smaller |
T3913 |
7239-7241 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3914 |
7242-7248 |
JJ |
denotes |
mutant |
T3915 |
7249-7257 |
VBN |
denotes |
compared |
T3916 |
7258-7260 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3917 |
7261-7270 |
JJ |
denotes |
nonmutant |
T3918 |
7271-7278 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T3919 |
7278-7280 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3920 |
7280-7283 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3921 |
7284-7287 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3922 |
7288-7298 |
NN |
denotes |
proportion |
T3923 |
7373-7382 |
VBN |
denotes |
increased |
T3924 |
7299-7301 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3925 |
7302-7306 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T3926 |
7307-7320 |
NN |
denotes |
circumference |
T3927 |
7321-7329 |
VBN |
denotes |
occupied |
T3928 |
7330-7332 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T3929 |
7333-7336 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3930 |
7345-7351 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3931 |
7337-7344 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T3932 |
7352-7354 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3933 |
7355-7361 |
JJ |
denotes |
mutant |
T3934 |
7362-7369 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T3935 |
7370-7372 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3936 |
7383-7388 |
RB |
denotes |
about |
T3937 |
7389-7390 |
CD |
denotes |
2 |
T3938 |
7391-7395 |
RB |
denotes |
fold |
T3939 |
7390-7391 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3940 |
7395-7397 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3941 |
7397-7401 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T3942 |
7402-7406 |
CD |
denotes |
11.9 |
T3943 |
7406-7407 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T3944 |
7408-7410 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3945 |
7411-7415 |
CD |
denotes |
22.2 |
T3946 |
7415-7416 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T3947 |
7417-7418 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T3948 |
7418-7424 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T3949 |
7425-7427 |
CD |
denotes |
2C |
T3950 |
7427-7428 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T3951 |
7428-7429 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T3952 |
7429-7788 |
sentence |
denotes |
The proportion of the ventral cream-colored region is also expanded a small amount, 47.9% in mutant compared to 37.8% in nonmutant animals, but expansion of the lateral region, which occurs at all levels of the body, including the limbs and the cranium (but not the whisker pad), is the major feature responsible for the ventralized appearance caused by deH. |
T3953 |
7430-7433 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T3954 |
7434-7444 |
NN |
denotes |
proportion |
T3955 |
7489-7497 |
VBN |
denotes |
expanded |
T3956 |
7445-7447 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3957 |
7448-7451 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3958 |
7474-7480 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3959 |
7452-7459 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T3960 |
7460-7465 |
NN |
denotes |
cream |
T3961 |
7466-7473 |
VBN |
denotes |
colored |
T3962 |
7465-7466 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T3963 |
7481-7483 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3964 |
7484-7488 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T3965 |
7498-7499 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T3966 |
7506-7512 |
NN |
denotes |
amount |
T3967 |
7500-7505 |
JJ |
denotes |
small |
T3968 |
7512-7514 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3969 |
7514-7518 |
CD |
denotes |
47.9 |
T3970 |
7518-7519 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T3971 |
7520-7522 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3972 |
7523-7529 |
JJ |
denotes |
mutant |
T3973 |
7530-7538 |
VBN |
denotes |
compared |
T3974 |
7539-7541 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T3975 |
7542-7546 |
CD |
denotes |
37.8 |
T3976 |
7546-7547 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T3977 |
7548-7550 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T3978 |
7551-7560 |
JJ |
denotes |
nonmutant |
T3979 |
7561-7568 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T3980 |
7568-7570 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3981 |
7570-7573 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T3982 |
7574-7583 |
NN |
denotes |
expansion |
T3983 |
7710-7712 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T3984 |
7584-7586 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3985 |
7587-7590 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3986 |
7599-7605 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T3987 |
7591-7598 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T3988 |
7605-7607 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3989 |
7607-7612 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T3990 |
7613-7619 |
VBZ |
denotes |
occurs |
T3991 |
7620-7622 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T3992 |
7623-7626 |
DT |
denotes |
all |
T3993 |
7627-7633 |
NNS |
denotes |
levels |
T3994 |
7634-7636 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T3995 |
7637-7640 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T3996 |
7641-7645 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T3997 |
7645-7647 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T3998 |
7647-7656 |
VBG |
denotes |
including |
T3999 |
7657-7660 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4000 |
7661-7666 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T4001 |
7667-7670 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4002 |
7671-7674 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4003 |
7675-7682 |
NN |
denotes |
cranium |
T4004 |
7683-7684 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4005 |
7684-7687 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4006 |
7688-7691 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T4007 |
7692-7695 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4008 |
7704-7707 |
NN |
denotes |
pad |
T4009 |
7696-7703 |
NN |
denotes |
whisker |
T4010 |
7707-7708 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4011 |
7708-7710 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4012 |
7713-7716 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4013 |
7723-7730 |
NN |
denotes |
feature |
T4014 |
7717-7722 |
JJ |
denotes |
major |
T4015 |
7731-7742 |
JJ |
denotes |
responsible |
T4016 |
7743-7746 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T4017 |
7747-7750 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4018 |
7763-7773 |
NN |
denotes |
appearance |
T4019 |
7751-7762 |
VBN |
denotes |
ventralized |
T4020 |
7774-7780 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T4021 |
7781-7783 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4022 |
7784-7787 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4023 |
7787-7788 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4024 |
7788-9253 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 2 The deH Pigmentation Phenotype
(A) 10-wk-old deH/deH and nonmutant animals on a at background. A thin stripe of yellow hair normally separates the dorsal black hairs from the ventral cream hairs. In deH, the yellow stripe is extended dorsally, and the boundary between the yellow and the black hairs is fuzzier.
(B) Skin slices taken from 1.5-mo-old deH/deH and nonmutant littermates (scale bar = 0.5 cm).
(C) Proportion of total skin area as determined by observation of pelts taken from the interlimb region. The proportion occupied by the yellow lateral compartment (± SEM) differs between mutant and nonmutant littermate flanks (p < 0.0005, paired t-test, n = 6 pairs). There is also (data not shown) a small increase in the proportion of total skin area occupied by the ventral cream-colored compartment, 47.9 % in mutant compared to 37.8% in nonmutant (p < 0.005, paired t-test, n = 6 pairs).
(D) On an ae/ae background, the extent of dorsal skin pigmentation is reduced in deH/deH neonates (P3.5).
(E) Hair length in a representative pair of 1.5-mo-old deH/deH and nonmutant littermates, averaged over three skin slices at different rostrocaudal levels, and plotted as a function of the absolute distance from middorsum or the percentage of total slice length. To investigate whether deH affects other dorsoventral skin characteristics besides pigment-type switching, we examined its effects on hair length and pigmentation in an ae/ae background. |
T4025 |
9067-9069 |
TO |
denotes |
To |
T4026 |
9070-9081 |
VB |
denotes |
investigate |
T4027 |
9177-9185 |
VBD |
denotes |
examined |
T4028 |
9082-9089 |
IN |
denotes |
whether |
T4029 |
9094-9101 |
VBZ |
denotes |
affects |
T4030 |
9090-9093 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4031 |
9102-9107 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T4032 |
9126-9141 |
NNS |
denotes |
characteristics |
T4033 |
9108-9120 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T4034 |
9121-9125 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T4035 |
9142-9149 |
IN |
denotes |
besides |
T4036 |
9150-9157 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T4037 |
9158-9162 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T4038 |
9157-9158 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4039 |
9163-9172 |
VBG |
denotes |
switching |
T4040 |
9172-9174 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4041 |
9174-9176 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T4042 |
9186-9189 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
its |
T4043 |
9190-9197 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T4044 |
9198-9200 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T4045 |
9201-9205 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T4046 |
9206-9212 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T4047 |
9213-9216 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4048 |
9217-9229 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T4049 |
9230-9232 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4050 |
9233-9235 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T4051 |
9242-9252 |
NN |
denotes |
background |
T4052 |
9236-9238 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4053 |
9239-9241 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4054 |
9238-9239 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4055 |
9252-9253 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4056 |
9253-9494 |
sentence |
denotes |
Overall, deH causes a small but consistent reduction in hair length in both dorsum and ventrum; when mutant and nonmutant animals are normalized for body circumference, reduced hair length is most apparent in the lateral region (Figure 2E). |
T4057 |
9254-9261 |
RB |
denotes |
Overall |
T4058 |
9267-9273 |
VBZ |
denotes |
causes |
T4059 |
9261-9263 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4060 |
9263-9266 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4061 |
9443-9445 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4062 |
9274-9275 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4063 |
9297-9306 |
NN |
denotes |
reduction |
T4064 |
9276-9281 |
JJ |
denotes |
small |
T4065 |
9282-9285 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4066 |
9286-9296 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T4067 |
9307-9309 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4068 |
9310-9314 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T4069 |
9315-9321 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T4070 |
9322-9324 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4071 |
9325-9329 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T4072 |
9330-9336 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T4073 |
9337-9340 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4074 |
9341-9348 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T4075 |
9348-9349 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T4076 |
9350-9354 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T4077 |
9388-9398 |
VBN |
denotes |
normalized |
T4078 |
9355-9361 |
JJ |
denotes |
mutant |
T4079 |
9376-9383 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T4080 |
9362-9365 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4081 |
9366-9375 |
JJ |
denotes |
nonmutant |
T4082 |
9384-9387 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T4083 |
9399-9402 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T4084 |
9403-9407 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T4085 |
9408-9421 |
NN |
denotes |
circumference |
T4086 |
9421-9423 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4087 |
9423-9430 |
JJ |
denotes |
reduced |
T4088 |
9436-9442 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T4089 |
9431-9435 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T4090 |
9446-9450 |
RBS |
denotes |
most |
T4091 |
9451-9459 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T4092 |
9460-9462 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4093 |
9463-9466 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4094 |
9475-9481 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4095 |
9467-9474 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T4096 |
9482-9483 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4097 |
9483-9489 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T4098 |
9490-9492 |
CD |
denotes |
2E |
T4099 |
9492-9493 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4100 |
9493-9494 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4101 |
9494-9633 |
sentence |
denotes |
Adult ae/ae; deH/deH animals exhibit body-size reduction and skeletal abnormalities, but display no coat-color phenotype (data not shown). |
T4102 |
9495-9500 |
JJ |
denotes |
Adult |
T4103 |
9516-9523 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T4104 |
9501-9503 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4105 |
9504-9506 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4106 |
9503-9504 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4107 |
9506-9507 |
, |
denotes |
; |
T4108 |
9508-9511 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4109 |
9512-9515 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4110 |
9511-9512 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4111 |
9524-9531 |
VBP |
denotes |
exhibit |
T4112 |
9532-9536 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T4113 |
9537-9541 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T4114 |
9536-9537 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4115 |
9542-9551 |
NN |
denotes |
reduction |
T4116 |
9552-9555 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4117 |
9556-9564 |
JJ |
denotes |
skeletal |
T4118 |
9565-9578 |
NNS |
denotes |
abnormalities |
T4119 |
9578-9580 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4120 |
9580-9583 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4121 |
9584-9591 |
VBP |
denotes |
display |
T4122 |
9592-9594 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T4123 |
9606-9615 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T4124 |
9595-9599 |
NN |
denotes |
coat |
T4125 |
9600-9605 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T4126 |
9599-9600 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4127 |
9616-9617 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4128 |
9626-9631 |
VBN |
denotes |
shown |
T4129 |
9617-9621 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T4130 |
9622-9625 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T4131 |
9631-9632 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4132 |
9632-9633 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4133 |
9633-9832 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, ae/ae and ae/ae; deH/deH neonates are clearly distinguishable in the first few days after birth, when a dorsoventral gradient of melanogenic activity is apparent under the skin (Figure 2D). |
T4134 |
9634-9641 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T4135 |
9677-9680 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T4136 |
9641-9643 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4137 |
9643-9645 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4138 |
9646-9648 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4139 |
9645-9646 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T4140 |
9668-9676 |
NNS |
denotes |
neonates |
T4141 |
9649-9652 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4142 |
9653-9655 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4143 |
9656-9658 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4144 |
9655-9656 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T4145 |
9658-9659 |
, |
denotes |
; |
T4146 |
9660-9663 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4147 |
9664-9667 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4148 |
9663-9664 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4149 |
9681-9688 |
RB |
denotes |
clearly |
T4150 |
9689-9704 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinguishable |
T4151 |
9705-9707 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4152 |
9708-9711 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4153 |
9722-9726 |
NNS |
denotes |
days |
T4154 |
9712-9717 |
JJ |
denotes |
first |
T4155 |
9718-9721 |
JJ |
denotes |
few |
T4156 |
9727-9732 |
IN |
denotes |
after |
T4157 |
9733-9738 |
NN |
denotes |
birth |
T4158 |
9738-9740 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4159 |
9740-9744 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T4160 |
9793-9795 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4161 |
9745-9746 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4162 |
9760-9768 |
NN |
denotes |
gradient |
T4163 |
9747-9759 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T4164 |
9769-9771 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4165 |
9772-9783 |
JJ |
denotes |
melanogenic |
T4166 |
9784-9792 |
NN |
denotes |
activity |
T4167 |
9796-9804 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T4168 |
9805-9810 |
IN |
denotes |
under |
T4169 |
9811-9814 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4170 |
9815-9819 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T4171 |
9820-9821 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4172 |
9821-9827 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T4173 |
9828-9830 |
CD |
denotes |
2D |
T4174 |
9830-9831 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4175 |
9831-9832 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4176 |
9832-10001 |
sentence |
denotes |
At this stage, melanoblast migration from the neural crest is mostly complete, but there is a dorsoventral gradient in melanocyte differentiation and pigment synthesis. |
T4177 |
9833-9835 |
IN |
denotes |
At |
T4178 |
9892-9894 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4179 |
9836-9840 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T4180 |
9841-9846 |
NN |
denotes |
stage |
T4181 |
9846-9848 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4182 |
9848-9859 |
NN |
denotes |
melanoblast |
T4183 |
9860-9869 |
NN |
denotes |
migration |
T4184 |
9870-9874 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4185 |
9875-9878 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4186 |
9886-9891 |
NN |
denotes |
crest |
T4187 |
9879-9885 |
JJ |
denotes |
neural |
T4188 |
9895-9901 |
RB |
denotes |
mostly |
T4189 |
9902-9910 |
JJ |
denotes |
complete |
T4190 |
9910-9912 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4191 |
9912-9915 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4192 |
9916-9921 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T4193 |
9922-9924 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4194 |
9925-9926 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4195 |
9940-9948 |
NN |
denotes |
gradient |
T4196 |
9927-9939 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T4197 |
9949-9951 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4198 |
9952-9962 |
NN |
denotes |
melanocyte |
T4199 |
9963-9978 |
NN |
denotes |
differentiation |
T4200 |
9979-9982 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4201 |
9983-9990 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T4202 |
9991-10000 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T4203 |
10000-10001 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4204 |
10001-10258 |
sentence |
denotes |
The skin of ae/ae neonates appears uniformly dark over the entire dorsum, but in ae/ae; deH/deH neonates, the area of dark skin is more restricted, particularly above the limbs, and resembles the pattern of dorsal eumelanin in at/at; deH/deH adult animals. |
T4205 |
10002-10005 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T4206 |
10006-10010 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T4207 |
10029-10036 |
VBZ |
denotes |
appears |
T4208 |
10011-10013 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4209 |
10014-10016 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4210 |
10017-10019 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4211 |
10016-10017 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4212 |
10020-10028 |
NNS |
denotes |
neonates |
T4213 |
10037-10046 |
RB |
denotes |
uniformly |
T4214 |
10047-10051 |
JJ |
denotes |
dark |
T4215 |
10052-10056 |
IN |
denotes |
over |
T4216 |
10057-10060 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4217 |
10068-10074 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T4218 |
10061-10067 |
JJ |
denotes |
entire |
T4219 |
10074-10076 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4220 |
10076-10079 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4221 |
10080-10082 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4222 |
10130-10132 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4223 |
10083-10085 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4224 |
10086-10088 |
NN |
denotes |
ae |
T4225 |
10085-10086 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4226 |
10098-10106 |
NNS |
denotes |
neonates |
T4227 |
10088-10089 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T4228 |
10090-10093 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4229 |
10094-10097 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4230 |
10093-10094 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4231 |
10106-10108 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4232 |
10108-10111 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4233 |
10112-10116 |
NN |
denotes |
area |
T4234 |
10117-10119 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4235 |
10120-10124 |
JJ |
denotes |
dark |
T4236 |
10125-10129 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T4237 |
10133-10137 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T4238 |
10138-10148 |
JJ |
denotes |
restricted |
T4239 |
10148-10150 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4240 |
10150-10162 |
RB |
denotes |
particularly |
T4241 |
10163-10168 |
IN |
denotes |
above |
T4242 |
10169-10172 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4243 |
10173-10178 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T4244 |
10178-10180 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4245 |
10180-10183 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4246 |
10184-10193 |
VBZ |
denotes |
resembles |
T4247 |
10194-10197 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4248 |
10198-10205 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T4249 |
10206-10208 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4250 |
10209-10215 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T4251 |
10216-10225 |
NN |
denotes |
eumelanin |
T4252 |
10226-10228 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4253 |
10229-10231 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T4254 |
10232-10234 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T4255 |
10231-10232 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4256 |
10250-10257 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T4257 |
10234-10235 |
, |
denotes |
; |
T4258 |
10236-10239 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4259 |
10240-10243 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4260 |
10239-10240 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4261 |
10244-10249 |
JJ |
denotes |
adult |
T4262 |
10257-10258 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4263 |
10258-10477 |
sentence |
denotes |
Taken together, these observations suggest that deH interferes with the establishment of dorsoventral patterning during skin development by causing dorsal expansion of a lateral region that is normally 3–5 mm in width. |
T4264 |
10259-10264 |
VBN |
denotes |
Taken |
T4265 |
10294-10301 |
VBP |
denotes |
suggest |
T4266 |
10265-10273 |
RB |
denotes |
together |
T4267 |
10273-10275 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4268 |
10275-10280 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T4269 |
10281-10293 |
NNS |
denotes |
observations |
T4270 |
10302-10306 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T4271 |
10311-10321 |
VBZ |
denotes |
interferes |
T4272 |
10307-10310 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4273 |
10322-10326 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T4274 |
10327-10330 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4275 |
10331-10344 |
NN |
denotes |
establishment |
T4276 |
10345-10347 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4277 |
10348-10360 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T4278 |
10361-10371 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T4279 |
10372-10378 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T4280 |
10379-10383 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T4281 |
10384-10395 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T4282 |
10396-10398 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4283 |
10399-10406 |
VBG |
denotes |
causing |
T4284 |
10407-10413 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T4285 |
10414-10423 |
NN |
denotes |
expansion |
T4286 |
10424-10426 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4287 |
10427-10428 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4288 |
10437-10443 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4289 |
10429-10436 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T4290 |
10444-10448 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T4291 |
10449-10451 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4292 |
10452-10460 |
RB |
denotes |
normally |
T4293 |
10461-10462 |
CD |
denotes |
3 |
T4294 |
10463-10464 |
CD |
denotes |
5 |
T4295 |
10462-10463 |
SYM |
denotes |
– |
T4296 |
10465-10467 |
NN |
denotes |
mm |
T4297 |
10468-10470 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4298 |
10471-10476 |
NN |
denotes |
width |
T4299 |
10476-10477 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4300 |
10477-10708 |
sentence |
denotes |
This same region may serve as a boundary between dorsal and ventral skin by inhibiting melanocyte differentiation, by promoting pheomelanin synthesis, and by supporting a progressive increase in hair growth from ventrum to dorsum. |
T4301 |
10478-10482 |
DT |
denotes |
This |
T4302 |
10488-10494 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4303 |
10483-10487 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T4304 |
10499-10504 |
VB |
denotes |
serve |
T4305 |
10495-10498 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T4306 |
10505-10507 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T4307 |
10508-10509 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4308 |
10510-10518 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T4309 |
10519-10526 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T4310 |
10527-10533 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T4311 |
10546-10550 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T4312 |
10534-10537 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4313 |
10538-10545 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T4314 |
10551-10553 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4315 |
10554-10564 |
VBG |
denotes |
inhibiting |
T4316 |
10565-10575 |
NN |
denotes |
melanocyte |
T4317 |
10576-10591 |
NN |
denotes |
differentiation |
T4318 |
10591-10593 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4319 |
10593-10595 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4320 |
10596-10605 |
VBG |
denotes |
promoting |
T4321 |
10606-10617 |
NN |
denotes |
pheomelanin |
T4322 |
10618-10627 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T4323 |
10627-10629 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4324 |
10629-10632 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4325 |
10633-10635 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4326 |
10636-10646 |
VBG |
denotes |
supporting |
T4327 |
10647-10648 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4328 |
10661-10669 |
NN |
denotes |
increase |
T4329 |
10649-10660 |
JJ |
denotes |
progressive |
T4330 |
10670-10672 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4331 |
10673-10677 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T4332 |
10678-10684 |
NN |
denotes |
growth |
T4333 |
10685-10689 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4334 |
10690-10697 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T4335 |
10698-10700 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4336 |
10701-10707 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T4337 |
10707-10708 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4338 |
10708-10910 |
sentence |
denotes |
As described below, the gene defective in deH, Tbx15, is normally expressed in the dorsal region and therefore is likely to play a role in establishing the size and dorsal extent of the lateral region. |
T4339 |
10709-10711 |
IN |
denotes |
As |
T4340 |
10712-10721 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T4341 |
10775-10784 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T4342 |
10722-10727 |
RB |
denotes |
below |
T4343 |
10727-10729 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4344 |
10729-10732 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4345 |
10733-10737 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T4346 |
10738-10747 |
JJ |
denotes |
defective |
T4347 |
10748-10750 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4348 |
10751-10754 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4349 |
10754-10756 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4350 |
10756-10761 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4351 |
10761-10763 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4352 |
10763-10765 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4353 |
10766-10774 |
RB |
denotes |
normally |
T4354 |
10785-10787 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4355 |
10788-10791 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4356 |
10799-10805 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4357 |
10792-10798 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T4358 |
10806-10809 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4359 |
10810-10819 |
RB |
denotes |
therefore |
T4360 |
10820-10822 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4361 |
10823-10829 |
JJ |
denotes |
likely |
T4362 |
10830-10832 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T4363 |
10833-10837 |
VB |
denotes |
play |
T4364 |
10838-10839 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4365 |
10840-10844 |
NN |
denotes |
role |
T4366 |
10845-10847 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4367 |
10848-10860 |
VBG |
denotes |
establishing |
T4368 |
10861-10864 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4369 |
10865-10869 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T4370 |
10870-10873 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4371 |
10874-10880 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T4372 |
10881-10887 |
NN |
denotes |
extent |
T4373 |
10888-10890 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4374 |
10891-10894 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4375 |
10903-10909 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4376 |
10895-10902 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T4377 |
10909-10910 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4613 |
10912-10922 |
JJ |
denotes |
Positional |
T4614 |
10923-10930 |
NN |
denotes |
Cloning |
T4615 |
10931-10933 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4616 |
10934-10937 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4617 |
10937-11223 |
sentence |
denotes |
As a visible marker, early linkage studies with the original droopy ear allele or the deH allele identified a map position in the middle of Chromosome 3, distal to matted and proximal to Varitint-waddler (Carter and Falconer 1951; Curry 1959; Lane and Eicher 1979; Holmes et al. 1981). |
T4618 |
10938-10940 |
IN |
denotes |
As |
T4619 |
11035-11045 |
VBD |
denotes |
identified |
T4620 |
10941-10942 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4621 |
10951-10957 |
NN |
denotes |
marker |
T4622 |
10943-10950 |
JJ |
denotes |
visible |
T4623 |
10957-10959 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4624 |
10959-10964 |
JJ |
denotes |
early |
T4625 |
10973-10980 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T4626 |
10965-10972 |
NN |
denotes |
linkage |
T4627 |
10981-10985 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T4628 |
10986-10989 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4629 |
11010-11016 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T4630 |
10990-10998 |
JJ |
denotes |
original |
T4631 |
10999-11005 |
JJ |
denotes |
droopy |
T4632 |
11006-11009 |
NN |
denotes |
ear |
T4633 |
11017-11019 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T4634 |
11020-11023 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4635 |
11028-11034 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T4636 |
11024-11027 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4637 |
11046-11047 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4638 |
11052-11060 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T4639 |
11048-11051 |
NN |
denotes |
map |
T4640 |
11061-11063 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4641 |
11064-11067 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4642 |
11068-11074 |
NN |
denotes |
middle |
T4643 |
11075-11077 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4644 |
11078-11088 |
NN |
denotes |
Chromosome |
T4645 |
11089-11090 |
CD |
denotes |
3 |
T4646 |
11090-11092 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4647 |
11092-11098 |
JJ |
denotes |
distal |
T4648 |
11099-11101 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4649 |
11102-11108 |
JJ |
denotes |
matted |
T4650 |
11109-11112 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4651 |
11113-11121 |
JJ |
denotes |
proximal |
T4652 |
11122-11124 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4653 |
11125-11133 |
NNP |
denotes |
Varitint |
T4654 |
11134-11141 |
NNP |
denotes |
waddler |
T4655 |
11133-11134 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4656 |
11142-11143 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4657 |
11143-11149 |
NNP |
denotes |
Carter |
T4658 |
11150-11153 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4659 |
11154-11162 |
NNP |
denotes |
Falconer |
T4660 |
11163-11167 |
CD |
denotes |
1951 |
T4661 |
11167-11168 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T4662 |
11169-11174 |
NNP |
denotes |
Curry |
T4663 |
11175-11179 |
CD |
denotes |
1959 |
T4664 |
11179-11180 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T4665 |
11181-11185 |
NNP |
denotes |
Lane |
T4666 |
11186-11189 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4667 |
11190-11196 |
NNP |
denotes |
Eicher |
T4668 |
11197-11201 |
CD |
denotes |
1979 |
T4669 |
11201-11202 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T4670 |
11203-11209 |
NNP |
denotes |
Holmes |
T4671 |
11210-11212 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4672 |
11213-11216 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4673 |
11217-11221 |
CD |
denotes |
1981 |
T4674 |
11221-11222 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4675 |
11222-11223 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4676 |
11223-11522 |
sentence |
denotes |
We used an F2 intercross with CAST/Ei mice to localize deH to a 0.1 cM interval between D3Mit213 and 16.MMHAP32FLF1, which was refined by development of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig and additional markers to a 1.4 Mb region that contained eight genes, including Tbx15 (Figure 3A). |
T4677 |
11224-11226 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T4678 |
11227-11231 |
VBD |
denotes |
used |
T4679 |
11232-11234 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T4680 |
11238-11248 |
NN |
denotes |
intercross |
T4681 |
11235-11237 |
NN |
denotes |
F2 |
T4682 |
11249-11253 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T4683 |
11254-11258 |
NN |
denotes |
CAST |
T4684 |
11259-11261 |
NN |
denotes |
Ei |
T4685 |
11258-11259 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4686 |
11262-11266 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T4687 |
11267-11269 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T4688 |
11270-11278 |
VB |
denotes |
localize |
T4689 |
11279-11282 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4690 |
11283-11285 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4691 |
11286-11287 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4692 |
11295-11303 |
NN |
denotes |
interval |
T4693 |
11288-11291 |
CD |
denotes |
0.1 |
T4694 |
11292-11294 |
NN |
denotes |
cM |
T4695 |
11304-11311 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T4696 |
11312-11320 |
NN |
denotes |
D3Mit213 |
T4697 |
11321-11324 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4698 |
11325-11339 |
NN |
denotes |
16.MMHAP32FLF1 |
T4699 |
11339-11341 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4700 |
11341-11346 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T4701 |
11351-11358 |
VBN |
denotes |
refined |
T4702 |
11347-11350 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T4703 |
11359-11361 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4704 |
11362-11373 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T4705 |
11374-11376 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4706 |
11377-11378 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4707 |
11417-11423 |
NN |
denotes |
contig |
T4708 |
11379-11388 |
JJ |
denotes |
bacterial |
T4709 |
11400-11410 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T4710 |
11389-11399 |
JJ |
denotes |
artificial |
T4711 |
11411-11412 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4712 |
11412-11415 |
NN |
denotes |
BAC |
T4713 |
11415-11416 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4714 |
11424-11427 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4715 |
11428-11438 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T4716 |
11439-11446 |
NNS |
denotes |
markers |
T4717 |
11447-11449 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4718 |
11450-11451 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4719 |
11459-11465 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4720 |
11452-11455 |
CD |
denotes |
1.4 |
T4721 |
11456-11458 |
NN |
denotes |
Mb |
T4722 |
11466-11470 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T4723 |
11471-11480 |
VBD |
denotes |
contained |
T4724 |
11481-11486 |
CD |
denotes |
eight |
T4725 |
11487-11492 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T4726 |
11492-11494 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4727 |
11494-11503 |
VBG |
denotes |
including |
T4728 |
11504-11509 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4729 |
11510-11511 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4730 |
11511-11517 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T4731 |
11518-11520 |
CD |
denotes |
3A |
T4732 |
11520-11521 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4733 |
11521-11522 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4734 |
11522-11745 |
sentence |
denotes |
We considered Tbx15 as an excellent candidate for the skeletal abnormalities caused by deH, based on studies by Agulnik et al. (1998), who described its embryonic expression in the craniofacial region and developing limbs. |
T4735 |
11523-11525 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T4736 |
11526-11536 |
VBD |
denotes |
considered |
T4737 |
11537-11542 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4738 |
11543-11545 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T4739 |
11546-11548 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T4740 |
11559-11568 |
NN |
denotes |
candidate |
T4741 |
11549-11558 |
JJ |
denotes |
excellent |
T4742 |
11569-11572 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T4743 |
11573-11576 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4744 |
11586-11599 |
NNS |
denotes |
abnormalities |
T4745 |
11577-11585 |
JJ |
denotes |
skeletal |
T4746 |
11600-11606 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T4747 |
11607-11609 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4748 |
11610-11613 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4749 |
11613-11615 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4750 |
11615-11620 |
VBN |
denotes |
based |
T4751 |
11621-11623 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T4752 |
11624-11631 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T4753 |
11632-11634 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4754 |
11635-11642 |
NNP |
denotes |
Agulnik |
T4755 |
11643-11645 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4756 |
11646-11649 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4757 |
11650-11651 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4758 |
11651-11655 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T4759 |
11655-11656 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4760 |
11656-11658 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4761 |
11658-11661 |
WP |
denotes |
who |
T4762 |
11662-11671 |
VBD |
denotes |
described |
T4763 |
11672-11675 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
its |
T4764 |
11686-11696 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T4765 |
11676-11685 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T4766 |
11697-11699 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4767 |
11700-11703 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4768 |
11717-11723 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4769 |
11704-11716 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T4770 |
11724-11727 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4771 |
11728-11738 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T4772 |
11739-11744 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T4773 |
11744-11745 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4774 |
11745-12880 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 3 Molecular Genetics of deH and Tbx15
(A) Genetic and physical map, as described in the text. Markers M1 to M3 are SSCP markers generated from a BAC contig of the region; marker M4 is STS 16.MMHAP32FLF1 and was also used as an SSCP marker. M2 and M3, which flank the Tbx15 and M6pr-ps on the UCSC genome browser map and lie 634 kb apart, were nonrecombinant with deH in 2340 meioses.
(B) The deH mutation is a deletion that starts in Tbx15 intron 1 and ends in the M6pr-ps.
(C) Sequence of deletion breakpoints.
(D) Diagram of Tbx15LacZ allele constructed by gene targeting. As described in the text, this allele is predicted to give rise to a protein truncated after approximately 154 codons and is lacking critical residues of the T box. Heterozygotes for the targeted allele exhibit normal size, morphology, and hair-color patterns, but homozygotes and Tbx15LacZ/deH compound heterozygotes are identical to deH homozygotes. Using sequence information from Agulnik et al. (1998) and the partially completed mouse genome sequence, we found that portions of several Tbx15 exons could not be amplified from deH/deH genomic DNA. |
T4775 |
12681-12686 |
VBG |
denotes |
Using |
T4776 |
12789-12794 |
VBD |
denotes |
found |
T4777 |
12687-12695 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T4778 |
12696-12707 |
NN |
denotes |
information |
T4779 |
12708-12712 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4780 |
12713-12720 |
NNP |
denotes |
Agulnik |
T4781 |
12721-12723 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4782 |
12724-12727 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4783 |
12728-12729 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4784 |
12729-12733 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T4785 |
12733-12734 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4786 |
12735-12738 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4787 |
12739-12742 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4788 |
12776-12784 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T4789 |
12743-12752 |
RB |
denotes |
partially |
T4790 |
12753-12762 |
VBN |
denotes |
completed |
T4791 |
12763-12768 |
NN |
denotes |
mouse |
T4792 |
12769-12775 |
NN |
denotes |
genome |
T4793 |
12784-12786 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4794 |
12786-12788 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T4795 |
12795-12799 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T4796 |
12845-12854 |
VBN |
denotes |
amplified |
T4797 |
12800-12808 |
NNS |
denotes |
portions |
T4798 |
12809-12811 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4799 |
12812-12819 |
JJ |
denotes |
several |
T4800 |
12826-12831 |
NNS |
denotes |
exons |
T4801 |
12820-12825 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4802 |
12832-12837 |
MD |
denotes |
could |
T4803 |
12838-12841 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T4804 |
12842-12844 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T4805 |
12855-12859 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4806 |
12860-12863 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4807 |
12864-12867 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4808 |
12863-12864 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4809 |
12876-12879 |
NN |
denotes |
DNA |
T4810 |
12868-12875 |
JJ |
denotes |
genomic |
T4811 |
12879-12880 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4812 |
12880-13093 |
sentence |
denotes |
The same gene was initially referred to as Tbx8 (Wattler et al. 1998) and then later renamed Tbx14, but is currently referred to in several vertebrate genomes as Tbx15 (Agulnik et al. 1998; Begemann et al. 2002). |
T4813 |
12881-12884 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T4814 |
12890-12894 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T4815 |
12885-12889 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T4816 |
12909-12917 |
VBN |
denotes |
referred |
T4817 |
12895-12898 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T4818 |
12899-12908 |
RB |
denotes |
initially |
T4819 |
12918-12920 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4820 |
12921-12923 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T4821 |
12924-12928 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx8 |
T4822 |
12929-12930 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4823 |
12930-12937 |
NNP |
denotes |
Wattler |
T4824 |
12938-12940 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4825 |
12941-12944 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4826 |
12945-12949 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T4827 |
12949-12950 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4828 |
12951-12954 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4829 |
12955-12959 |
RB |
denotes |
then |
T4830 |
12966-12973 |
VBN |
denotes |
renamed |
T4831 |
12960-12965 |
RB |
denotes |
later |
T4832 |
12974-12979 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx14 |
T4833 |
12979-12981 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4834 |
12981-12984 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T4835 |
12985-12987 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4836 |
12998-13006 |
VBN |
denotes |
referred |
T4837 |
12988-12997 |
RB |
denotes |
currently |
T4838 |
13007-13009 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4839 |
13010-13012 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4840 |
13013-13020 |
JJ |
denotes |
several |
T4841 |
13032-13039 |
NNS |
denotes |
genomes |
T4842 |
13021-13031 |
NN |
denotes |
vertebrate |
T4843 |
13040-13042 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T4844 |
13043-13048 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4845 |
13049-13050 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4846 |
13050-13057 |
NNP |
denotes |
Agulnik |
T4847 |
13058-13060 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4848 |
13061-13064 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4849 |
13065-13069 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T4850 |
13069-13070 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T4851 |
13071-13079 |
NNP |
denotes |
Begemann |
T4852 |
13080-13082 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4853 |
13083-13086 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4854 |
13087-13091 |
CD |
denotes |
2002 |
T4855 |
13091-13092 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4856 |
13092-13093 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4857 |
13093-13443 |
sentence |
denotes |
By comparing the sequence of a 1.3 kb junction fragment amplified from deH/deH genomic DNA to publicly available mouse genome sequence, we identified a 216 kb deletion that extends from Tbx15 intron 1 to 148 kb downstream of the polyadenylation sequence in a region annotated as a mannose-6-phosphate receptor pseudogene, M6pr-ps (Figure 3B and 3C). |
T4858 |
13094-13096 |
IN |
denotes |
By |
T4859 |
13233-13243 |
VBD |
denotes |
identified |
T4860 |
13097-13106 |
VBG |
denotes |
comparing |
T4861 |
13107-13110 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4862 |
13111-13119 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T4863 |
13120-13122 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4864 |
13123-13124 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4865 |
13141-13149 |
NN |
denotes |
fragment |
T4866 |
13125-13128 |
CD |
denotes |
1.3 |
T4867 |
13129-13131 |
NN |
denotes |
kb |
T4868 |
13132-13140 |
NN |
denotes |
junction |
T4869 |
13150-13159 |
VBN |
denotes |
amplified |
T4870 |
13160-13164 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4871 |
13165-13168 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4872 |
13169-13172 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4873 |
13168-13169 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4874 |
13181-13184 |
NN |
denotes |
DNA |
T4875 |
13173-13180 |
JJ |
denotes |
genomic |
T4876 |
13185-13187 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4877 |
13188-13196 |
RB |
denotes |
publicly |
T4878 |
13197-13206 |
JJ |
denotes |
available |
T4879 |
13220-13228 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T4880 |
13207-13212 |
NN |
denotes |
mouse |
T4881 |
13213-13219 |
NN |
denotes |
genome |
T4882 |
13228-13230 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4883 |
13230-13232 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T4884 |
13244-13245 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4885 |
13253-13261 |
NN |
denotes |
deletion |
T4886 |
13246-13249 |
CD |
denotes |
216 |
T4887 |
13250-13252 |
NN |
denotes |
kb |
T4888 |
13262-13266 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T4889 |
13267-13274 |
VBZ |
denotes |
extends |
T4890 |
13275-13279 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4891 |
13280-13285 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4892 |
13286-13292 |
NN |
denotes |
intron |
T4893 |
13293-13294 |
CD |
denotes |
1 |
T4894 |
13295-13297 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T4895 |
13298-13301 |
CD |
denotes |
148 |
T4896 |
13302-13304 |
NN |
denotes |
kb |
T4897 |
13305-13315 |
RB |
denotes |
downstream |
T4898 |
13316-13318 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4899 |
13319-13322 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4900 |
13339-13347 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T4901 |
13323-13338 |
NN |
denotes |
polyadenylation |
T4902 |
13348-13350 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T4903 |
13351-13352 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4904 |
13353-13359 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T4905 |
13360-13369 |
VBN |
denotes |
annotated |
T4906 |
13370-13372 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T4907 |
13373-13374 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4908 |
13404-13414 |
NN |
denotes |
pseudogene |
T4909 |
13375-13382 |
NN |
denotes |
mannose |
T4910 |
13385-13394 |
NN |
denotes |
phosphate |
T4911 |
13382-13383 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4912 |
13383-13384 |
CD |
denotes |
6 |
T4913 |
13384-13385 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4914 |
13395-13403 |
NN |
denotes |
receptor |
T4915 |
13414-13416 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4916 |
13416-13420 |
NN |
denotes |
M6pr |
T4917 |
13421-13423 |
NN |
denotes |
ps |
T4918 |
13420-13421 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4919 |
13424-13425 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4920 |
13432-13434 |
CD |
denotes |
3B |
T4921 |
13425-13431 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T4922 |
13435-13438 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4923 |
13439-13441 |
CD |
denotes |
3C |
T4924 |
13441-13442 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4925 |
13442-13443 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4926 |
13443-13465 |
sentence |
denotes |
(Ludwig et al. 1992). |
T4927 |
13444-13445 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4928 |
13445-13451 |
NNP |
denotes |
Ludwig |
T4929 |
13452-13454 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T4930 |
13455-13458 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T4931 |
13459-13463 |
CD |
denotes |
1992 |
T4932 |
13463-13464 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4933 |
13464-13465 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4934 |
13465-13577 |
sentence |
denotes |
By Northern blot analysis, we identified a fusion transcript produced from the deH chromosome (data not shown). |
T4935 |
13466-13468 |
IN |
denotes |
By |
T4936 |
13496-13506 |
VBD |
denotes |
identified |
T4937 |
13469-13477 |
NNP |
denotes |
Northern |
T4938 |
13478-13482 |
NN |
denotes |
blot |
T4939 |
13483-13491 |
NN |
denotes |
analysis |
T4940 |
13491-13493 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4941 |
13493-13495 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T4942 |
13507-13508 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T4943 |
13516-13526 |
NN |
denotes |
transcript |
T4944 |
13509-13515 |
NN |
denotes |
fusion |
T4945 |
13527-13535 |
VBN |
denotes |
produced |
T4946 |
13536-13540 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T4947 |
13541-13544 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4948 |
13549-13559 |
NN |
denotes |
chromosome |
T4949 |
13545-13548 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4950 |
13560-13561 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4951 |
13570-13575 |
VBN |
denotes |
shown |
T4952 |
13561-13565 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T4953 |
13566-13569 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T4954 |
13575-13576 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4955 |
13576-13577 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T4956 |
13577-13820 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, the deletion removes 534 of the 602 amino acids encoded by Tbx15 (including the T-box DNA-binding domain), deH/+ animals are grossly normal, and the phenotype of deH/deH animals is identical to that described for the original allele. |
T4957 |
13578-13585 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T4958 |
13600-13607 |
VBZ |
denotes |
removes |
T4959 |
13585-13587 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4960 |
13587-13590 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4961 |
13591-13599 |
NN |
denotes |
deletion |
T4962 |
13608-13611 |
CD |
denotes |
534 |
T4963 |
13619-13622 |
CD |
denotes |
602 |
T4964 |
13612-13614 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4965 |
13615-13618 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4966 |
13629-13634 |
NNS |
denotes |
acids |
T4967 |
13623-13628 |
NN |
denotes |
amino |
T4968 |
13635-13642 |
VBN |
denotes |
encoded |
T4969 |
13643-13645 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T4970 |
13646-13651 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T4971 |
13652-13653 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T4972 |
13653-13662 |
VBG |
denotes |
including |
T4973 |
13663-13666 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4974 |
13685-13691 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T4975 |
13667-13668 |
NN |
denotes |
T |
T4976 |
13669-13672 |
NN |
denotes |
box |
T4977 |
13668-13669 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4978 |
13673-13676 |
NN |
denotes |
DNA |
T4979 |
13677-13684 |
VBG |
denotes |
binding |
T4980 |
13676-13677 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T4981 |
13691-13692 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T4982 |
13692-13694 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4983 |
13694-13697 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4984 |
13700-13707 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T4985 |
13697-13698 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4986 |
13698-13699 |
SYM |
denotes |
+ |
T4987 |
13708-13711 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T4988 |
13712-13719 |
RB |
denotes |
grossly |
T4989 |
13720-13726 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T4990 |
13726-13728 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T4991 |
13728-13731 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T4992 |
13732-13735 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T4993 |
13736-13745 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T4994 |
13765-13767 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T4995 |
13746-13748 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T4996 |
13749-13752 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4997 |
13753-13756 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T4998 |
13752-13753 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T4999 |
13757-13764 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T5000 |
13768-13777 |
JJ |
denotes |
identical |
T5001 |
13778-13780 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5002 |
13781-13785 |
DT |
denotes |
that |
T5003 |
13786-13795 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T5004 |
13796-13799 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T5005 |
13800-13803 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5006 |
13813-13819 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T5007 |
13804-13812 |
JJ |
denotes |
original |
T5008 |
13819-13820 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5009 |
13820-13927 |
sentence |
denotes |
In addition, other than M6pr-ps, no other genes or transcripts have been annotated to the 216 kb deletion. |
T5010 |
13821-13823 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T5011 |
13894-13903 |
VBN |
denotes |
annotated |
T5012 |
13824-13832 |
NN |
denotes |
addition |
T5013 |
13832-13834 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5014 |
13834-13839 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T5015 |
13840-13844 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T5016 |
13845-13849 |
NN |
denotes |
M6pr |
T5017 |
13850-13852 |
NN |
denotes |
ps |
T5018 |
13849-13850 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5019 |
13852-13854 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5020 |
13854-13856 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T5021 |
13863-13868 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T5022 |
13857-13862 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T5023 |
13869-13871 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T5024 |
13872-13883 |
NNS |
denotes |
transcripts |
T5025 |
13884-13888 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T5026 |
13889-13893 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T5027 |
13904-13906 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5028 |
13907-13910 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5029 |
13918-13926 |
NN |
denotes |
deletion |
T5030 |
13911-13914 |
CD |
denotes |
216 |
T5031 |
13915-13917 |
NN |
denotes |
kb |
T5032 |
13926-13927 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5033 |
13927-14081 |
sentence |
denotes |
While the positional cloning work was underway, one of us (A. Russ) generated an independent mutation of Tbx15 by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. |
T5034 |
13928-13933 |
IN |
denotes |
While |
T5035 |
13962-13965 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T5036 |
13934-13937 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5037 |
13957-13961 |
NN |
denotes |
work |
T5038 |
13938-13948 |
JJ |
denotes |
positional |
T5039 |
13949-13956 |
NN |
denotes |
cloning |
T5040 |
13996-14005 |
VBD |
denotes |
generated |
T5041 |
13966-13974 |
RB |
denotes |
underway |
T5042 |
13974-13976 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5043 |
13976-13979 |
CD |
denotes |
one |
T5044 |
13980-13982 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5045 |
13983-13985 |
PRP |
denotes |
us |
T5046 |
13986-13987 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5047 |
13987-13989 |
NNP |
denotes |
A. |
T5048 |
13990-13994 |
NNP |
denotes |
Russ |
T5049 |
13994-13995 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5050 |
14006-14008 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T5051 |
14021-14029 |
NN |
denotes |
mutation |
T5052 |
14009-14020 |
JJ |
denotes |
independent |
T5053 |
14030-14032 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5054 |
14033-14038 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5055 |
14039-14041 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5056 |
14042-14046 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T5057 |
14047-14056 |
NN |
denotes |
targeting |
T5058 |
14057-14059 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5059 |
14060-14069 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T5060 |
14075-14080 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T5061 |
14070-14074 |
NN |
denotes |
stem |
T5062 |
14080-14081 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5063 |
14081-14241 |
sentence |
denotes |
The targeted allele, Tbx15LacZ, carries an IRES-LacZ-neo cDNA cassette that disrupts the open reading frame at codon 154 early in the T-box domain (Figure 3D). |
T5064 |
14082-14085 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T5065 |
14095-14101 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T5066 |
14086-14094 |
VBN |
denotes |
targeted |
T5067 |
14114-14121 |
VBZ |
denotes |
carries |
T5068 |
14101-14103 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5069 |
14103-14112 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15LacZ |
T5070 |
14112-14114 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5071 |
14122-14124 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T5072 |
14144-14152 |
NN |
denotes |
cassette |
T5073 |
14125-14129 |
NN |
denotes |
IRES |
T5074 |
14130-14134 |
NN |
denotes |
LacZ |
T5075 |
14129-14130 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5076 |
14134-14135 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5077 |
14135-14138 |
JJ |
denotes |
neo |
T5078 |
14139-14143 |
NN |
denotes |
cDNA |
T5079 |
14153-14157 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T5080 |
14158-14166 |
VBZ |
denotes |
disrupts |
T5081 |
14167-14170 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5082 |
14184-14189 |
NN |
denotes |
frame |
T5083 |
14171-14175 |
JJ |
denotes |
open |
T5084 |
14176-14183 |
NN |
denotes |
reading |
T5085 |
14190-14192 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5086 |
14193-14198 |
NN |
denotes |
codon |
T5087 |
14199-14202 |
CD |
denotes |
154 |
T5088 |
14203-14208 |
RB |
denotes |
early |
T5089 |
14209-14211 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5090 |
14212-14215 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5091 |
14222-14228 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T5092 |
14216-14217 |
NN |
denotes |
T |
T5093 |
14218-14221 |
NN |
denotes |
box |
T5094 |
14217-14218 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5095 |
14229-14230 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5096 |
14230-14236 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5097 |
14237-14239 |
CD |
denotes |
3D |
T5098 |
14239-14240 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5099 |
14240-14241 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5100 |
14241-14528 |
sentence |
denotes |
Animals heterozygous for the targeted allele are completely normal with regard to size, skeletal morphology, and hair-color distribution, but Tbx15LacZ/Tbx15LacZ homozygotes were noted to exhibit reduced body size and an abnormal craniofacial appearance identical to that caused by deH. |
T5101 |
14242-14249 |
NNS |
denotes |
Animals |
T5102 |
14287-14290 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T5103 |
14250-14262 |
JJ |
denotes |
heterozygous |
T5104 |
14263-14266 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T5105 |
14267-14270 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5106 |
14280-14286 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T5107 |
14271-14279 |
VBN |
denotes |
targeted |
T5108 |
14291-14301 |
RB |
denotes |
completely |
T5109 |
14302-14308 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T5110 |
14309-14313 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T5111 |
14314-14320 |
NN |
denotes |
regard |
T5112 |
14321-14323 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5113 |
14324-14328 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T5114 |
14328-14330 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5115 |
14330-14338 |
JJ |
denotes |
skeletal |
T5116 |
14339-14349 |
NN |
denotes |
morphology |
T5117 |
14349-14351 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5118 |
14351-14354 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5119 |
14355-14359 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T5120 |
14360-14365 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T5121 |
14359-14360 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5122 |
14366-14378 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T5123 |
14378-14380 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5124 |
14380-14383 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T5125 |
14384-14393 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15LacZ |
T5126 |
14394-14403 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15LacZ |
T5127 |
14393-14394 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5128 |
14404-14415 |
NNS |
denotes |
homozygotes |
T5129 |
14421-14426 |
VBN |
denotes |
noted |
T5130 |
14416-14420 |
VBD |
denotes |
were |
T5131 |
14427-14429 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T5132 |
14430-14437 |
VB |
denotes |
exhibit |
T5133 |
14438-14445 |
VBN |
denotes |
reduced |
T5134 |
14451-14455 |
NN |
denotes |
size |
T5135 |
14446-14450 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T5136 |
14456-14459 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5137 |
14460-14462 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T5138 |
14485-14495 |
NN |
denotes |
appearance |
T5139 |
14463-14471 |
JJ |
denotes |
abnormal |
T5140 |
14472-14484 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T5141 |
14496-14505 |
JJ |
denotes |
identical |
T5142 |
14506-14508 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5143 |
14509-14513 |
DT |
denotes |
that |
T5144 |
14514-14520 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T5145 |
14521-14523 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5146 |
14524-14527 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5147 |
14527-14528 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5148 |
14528-14774 |
sentence |
denotes |
We generated Tbx15LacZ/deH compound heterozygotes; on an Aw/at background, these animals exhibited the same abnormal restriction of dorsal pigmentation at P3.5 and expanded yellow flank area as described above for deH/deH animals (see Figure 2). |
T5149 |
14529-14531 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T5150 |
14532-14541 |
VBD |
denotes |
generated |
T5151 |
14618-14627 |
VBD |
denotes |
exhibited |
T5152 |
14542-14551 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15LacZ |
T5153 |
14552-14555 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5154 |
14551-14552 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T5155 |
14565-14578 |
NNS |
denotes |
heterozygotes |
T5156 |
14556-14564 |
NN |
denotes |
compound |
T5157 |
14578-14579 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T5158 |
14580-14582 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T5159 |
14583-14585 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T5160 |
14592-14602 |
NN |
denotes |
background |
T5161 |
14586-14588 |
NN |
denotes |
Aw |
T5162 |
14589-14591 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T5163 |
14588-14589 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5164 |
14602-14604 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5165 |
14604-14609 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T5166 |
14610-14617 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T5167 |
14628-14631 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5168 |
14646-14657 |
NN |
denotes |
restriction |
T5169 |
14632-14636 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T5170 |
14637-14645 |
JJ |
denotes |
abnormal |
T5171 |
14658-14660 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5172 |
14661-14667 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T5173 |
14668-14680 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T5174 |
14681-14683 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5175 |
14684-14688 |
NN |
denotes |
P3.5 |
T5176 |
14689-14692 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5177 |
14693-14701 |
VBN |
denotes |
expanded |
T5178 |
14715-14719 |
NN |
denotes |
area |
T5179 |
14702-14708 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T5180 |
14709-14714 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T5181 |
14720-14722 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T5182 |
14723-14732 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T5183 |
14733-14738 |
RB |
denotes |
above |
T5184 |
14739-14742 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T5185 |
14743-14746 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5186 |
14747-14750 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5187 |
14746-14747 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5188 |
14751-14758 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T5189 |
14759-14760 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5190 |
14760-14763 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T5191 |
14764-14770 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5192 |
14771-14772 |
CD |
denotes |
2 |
T5193 |
14772-14773 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5194 |
14773-14774 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5195 |
14774-14907 |
sentence |
denotes |
These observations demonstrate that the pigmentary and craniofacial characteristics of deH are caused by loss of function for Tbx15. |
T5196 |
14775-14780 |
DT |
denotes |
These |
T5197 |
14781-14793 |
NNS |
denotes |
observations |
T5198 |
14794-14805 |
VBP |
denotes |
demonstrate |
T5199 |
14806-14810 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T5200 |
14870-14876 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T5201 |
14811-14814 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5202 |
14843-14858 |
NNS |
denotes |
characteristics |
T5203 |
14815-14825 |
JJ |
denotes |
pigmentary |
T5204 |
14826-14829 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5205 |
14830-14842 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T5206 |
14859-14861 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5207 |
14862-14865 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5208 |
14866-14869 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T5209 |
14877-14879 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5210 |
14880-14884 |
NN |
denotes |
loss |
T5211 |
14885-14887 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5212 |
14888-14896 |
NN |
denotes |
function |
T5213 |
14897-14900 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T5214 |
14901-14906 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5215 |
14906-14907 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5465 |
14909-14919 |
NN |
denotes |
Expression |
T5466 |
14920-14922 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5467 |
14923-14928 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5468 |
14929-14932 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5469 |
14933-14939 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5470 |
14939-15182 |
sentence |
denotes |
Previous studies by Agulnik et al. (1998) using whole-mount in situ hybridization described expression of Tbx15 as first detectable at E9.5 in the limb buds, progressing to the branchial arches, flanks, and craniofacial regions through E12.5. |
T5471 |
14940-14948 |
JJ |
denotes |
Previous |
T5472 |
14949-14956 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T5473 |
15022-15031 |
VBD |
denotes |
described |
T5474 |
14957-14959 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5475 |
14960-14967 |
NNP |
denotes |
Agulnik |
T5476 |
14968-14970 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T5477 |
14971-14974 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T5478 |
14975-14976 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5479 |
14976-14980 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T5480 |
14980-14981 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5481 |
14982-14987 |
VBG |
denotes |
using |
T5482 |
14988-14993 |
JJ |
denotes |
whole |
T5483 |
14994-14999 |
NN |
denotes |
mount |
T5484 |
14993-14994 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5485 |
15008-15021 |
NN |
denotes |
hybridization |
T5486 |
15000-15002 |
FW |
denotes |
in |
T5487 |
15003-15007 |
FW |
denotes |
situ |
T5488 |
15032-15042 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5489 |
15043-15045 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5490 |
15046-15051 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5491 |
15052-15054 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T5492 |
15055-15060 |
RB |
denotes |
first |
T5493 |
15061-15071 |
JJ |
denotes |
detectable |
T5494 |
15072-15074 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5495 |
15075-15079 |
NN |
denotes |
E9.5 |
T5496 |
15080-15082 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5497 |
15083-15086 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5498 |
15092-15096 |
NNS |
denotes |
buds |
T5499 |
15087-15091 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T5500 |
15096-15098 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5501 |
15098-15109 |
VBG |
denotes |
progressing |
T5502 |
15110-15112 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5503 |
15113-15116 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5504 |
15127-15133 |
NNS |
denotes |
arches |
T5505 |
15117-15126 |
JJ |
denotes |
branchial |
T5506 |
15133-15135 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5507 |
15135-15141 |
NNS |
denotes |
flanks |
T5508 |
15141-15143 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5509 |
15143-15146 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5510 |
15147-15159 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T5511 |
15160-15167 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T5512 |
15168-15175 |
IN |
denotes |
through |
T5513 |
15176-15181 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T5514 |
15181-15182 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5515 |
15182-15559 |
sentence |
denotes |
To investigate this pattern in more detail, we hybridized a Tbx15 mRNA probe to a series of transverse sections at E12.5 and observed expression in multiple mesenchymal tissues of the head, trunk, and developing limbs (Figure 4A), much of which is consistent with the skull, cervical vertebrae, and limb malformations reported for mice carrying the original droopy ear allele. |
T5516 |
15183-15185 |
TO |
denotes |
To |
T5517 |
15186-15197 |
VB |
denotes |
investigate |
T5518 |
15230-15240 |
VBD |
denotes |
hybridized |
T5519 |
15198-15202 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T5520 |
15203-15210 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T5521 |
15211-15213 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5522 |
15214-15218 |
JJR |
denotes |
more |
T5523 |
15219-15225 |
NN |
denotes |
detail |
T5524 |
15225-15227 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5525 |
15227-15229 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T5526 |
15241-15242 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T5527 |
15254-15259 |
NN |
denotes |
probe |
T5528 |
15243-15248 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5529 |
15249-15253 |
NN |
denotes |
mRNA |
T5530 |
15260-15262 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5531 |
15263-15264 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T5532 |
15265-15271 |
NN |
denotes |
series |
T5533 |
15272-15274 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5534 |
15275-15285 |
JJ |
denotes |
transverse |
T5535 |
15286-15294 |
NNS |
denotes |
sections |
T5536 |
15295-15297 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5537 |
15298-15303 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T5538 |
15304-15307 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5539 |
15308-15316 |
VBD |
denotes |
observed |
T5540 |
15317-15327 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5541 |
15328-15330 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5542 |
15331-15339 |
JJ |
denotes |
multiple |
T5543 |
15352-15359 |
NNS |
denotes |
tissues |
T5544 |
15340-15351 |
JJ |
denotes |
mesenchymal |
T5545 |
15360-15362 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5546 |
15363-15366 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5547 |
15367-15371 |
NN |
denotes |
head |
T5548 |
15371-15373 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5549 |
15373-15378 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T5550 |
15378-15380 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5551 |
15380-15383 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5552 |
15384-15394 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T5553 |
15395-15400 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T5554 |
15401-15402 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5555 |
15402-15408 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5556 |
15409-15411 |
CD |
denotes |
4A |
T5557 |
15411-15412 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5558 |
15412-15414 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5559 |
15414-15418 |
JJ |
denotes |
much |
T5560 |
15428-15430 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5561 |
15419-15421 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5562 |
15422-15427 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T5563 |
15431-15441 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T5564 |
15442-15446 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T5565 |
15447-15450 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5566 |
15487-15500 |
NNS |
denotes |
malformations |
T5567 |
15451-15456 |
NN |
denotes |
skull |
T5568 |
15456-15458 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5569 |
15458-15466 |
JJ |
denotes |
cervical |
T5570 |
15467-15476 |
NNS |
denotes |
vertebrae |
T5571 |
15476-15478 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5572 |
15478-15481 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5573 |
15482-15486 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T5574 |
15501-15509 |
VBN |
denotes |
reported |
T5575 |
15510-15513 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T5576 |
15514-15518 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T5577 |
15519-15527 |
VBG |
denotes |
carrying |
T5578 |
15528-15531 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5579 |
15552-15558 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T5580 |
15532-15540 |
JJ |
denotes |
original |
T5581 |
15541-15547 |
JJ |
denotes |
droopy |
T5582 |
15548-15551 |
NN |
denotes |
ear |
T5583 |
15558-15559 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5584 |
15559-16510 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 4 Developmental Expression of Tbx15
(A) At E12.5, transverse sections at different levels show expression in head mesenchyme (a and b); myotome, occipital, and periocular mesenchyme (b); palatal shelf, cervical sclerotome, and nasal cartilage (c); maxillary and mandibular processes (d); limbs (e); and myotome and lateral mesenchyme (e and f) (scale bars = 500 μm).
(B) Transverse sections through the flank at different times show expression in lateral mesenchyme (E11.5), expanding dorsally at E12.5, and both ventrally and dorsally at E13.5, detectable in loose mesenchyme underlying the dermis and the abdominal and subcutaneous muscles (scale bar = 500 μm). At P3.5, Tbx15 is expressed in the entire dermis and is most strongly expressed in dermal sheaths (scale bar = 200 μm). We were particularly interested in determining the exact nature of the embryonic flank expression relative to the ventralized phenotype of adult deH/deH mice. |
T5585 |
16352-16354 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T5586 |
16355-16359 |
VBD |
denotes |
were |
T5587 |
16360-16372 |
RB |
denotes |
particularly |
T5588 |
16373-16383 |
JJ |
denotes |
interested |
T5589 |
16384-16386 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5590 |
16387-16398 |
VBG |
denotes |
determining |
T5591 |
16399-16402 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5592 |
16409-16415 |
NN |
denotes |
nature |
T5593 |
16403-16408 |
JJ |
denotes |
exact |
T5594 |
16416-16418 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5595 |
16419-16422 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5596 |
16439-16449 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5597 |
16423-16432 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T5598 |
16433-16438 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T5599 |
16450-16458 |
JJ |
denotes |
relative |
T5600 |
16459-16461 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5601 |
16462-16465 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5602 |
16478-16487 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T5603 |
16466-16477 |
VBN |
denotes |
ventralized |
T5604 |
16488-16490 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5605 |
16491-16496 |
JJ |
denotes |
adult |
T5606 |
16505-16509 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T5607 |
16497-16500 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5608 |
16501-16504 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5609 |
16500-16501 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T5610 |
16509-16510 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5611 |
16510-16742 |
sentence |
denotes |
Transverse abdominal sections from different times during development reveal a dorsolateral band of expression in the superficial mesenchyme at E11.5 that broadens both dorsally and ventrally over the next several days (Figure 4B). |
T5612 |
16511-16521 |
JJ |
denotes |
Transverse |
T5613 |
16532-16540 |
NNS |
denotes |
sections |
T5614 |
16522-16531 |
JJ |
denotes |
abdominal |
T5615 |
16581-16587 |
VBP |
denotes |
reveal |
T5616 |
16541-16545 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T5617 |
16546-16555 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T5618 |
16556-16561 |
NNS |
denotes |
times |
T5619 |
16562-16568 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T5620 |
16569-16580 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T5621 |
16588-16589 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T5622 |
16603-16607 |
NN |
denotes |
band |
T5623 |
16590-16602 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsolateral |
T5624 |
16608-16610 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5625 |
16611-16621 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5626 |
16622-16624 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5627 |
16625-16628 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5628 |
16641-16651 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T5629 |
16629-16640 |
JJ |
denotes |
superficial |
T5630 |
16652-16654 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5631 |
16655-16660 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T5632 |
16661-16665 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T5633 |
16666-16674 |
VBZ |
denotes |
broadens |
T5634 |
16675-16679 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T5635 |
16680-16688 |
RB |
denotes |
dorsally |
T5636 |
16689-16692 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5637 |
16693-16702 |
RB |
denotes |
ventrally |
T5638 |
16703-16707 |
IN |
denotes |
over |
T5639 |
16708-16711 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5640 |
16725-16729 |
NNS |
denotes |
days |
T5641 |
16712-16716 |
JJ |
denotes |
next |
T5642 |
16717-16724 |
JJ |
denotes |
several |
T5643 |
16730-16731 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5644 |
16731-16737 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5645 |
16738-16740 |
CD |
denotes |
4B |
T5646 |
16740-16741 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5647 |
16741-16742 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5648 |
16742-16940 |
sentence |
denotes |
By E13.5, the developing dermis has become separated from the loose mesenchyme by a subcutaneous muscle layer; Tbx15 is expressed in all of these layers as well as the underlying abdominal muscles. |
T5649 |
16743-16745 |
IN |
denotes |
By |
T5650 |
16779-16785 |
VBN |
denotes |
become |
T5651 |
16746-16751 |
NN |
denotes |
E13.5 |
T5652 |
16751-16753 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5653 |
16753-16756 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5654 |
16768-16774 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T5655 |
16757-16767 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T5656 |
16775-16778 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T5657 |
16863-16872 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T5658 |
16786-16795 |
JJ |
denotes |
separated |
T5659 |
16796-16800 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T5660 |
16801-16804 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5661 |
16811-16821 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T5662 |
16805-16810 |
JJ |
denotes |
loose |
T5663 |
16822-16824 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5664 |
16825-16826 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T5665 |
16847-16852 |
NN |
denotes |
layer |
T5666 |
16827-16839 |
JJ |
denotes |
subcutaneous |
T5667 |
16840-16846 |
NN |
denotes |
muscle |
T5668 |
16852-16853 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T5669 |
16854-16859 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5670 |
16860-16862 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5671 |
16873-16875 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5672 |
16876-16879 |
DT |
denotes |
all |
T5673 |
16880-16882 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5674 |
16883-16888 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T5675 |
16889-16895 |
NNS |
denotes |
layers |
T5676 |
16896-16898 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T5677 |
16904-16906 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T5678 |
16899-16903 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T5679 |
16907-16910 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5680 |
16932-16939 |
NNS |
denotes |
muscles |
T5681 |
16911-16921 |
VBG |
denotes |
underlying |
T5682 |
16922-16931 |
JJ |
denotes |
abdominal |
T5683 |
16939-16940 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5684 |
16940-17180 |
sentence |
denotes |
In P3.5 skin, Tbx15 is expressed in both dorsal and ventral skin, most strongly in the condensed upper dermis and developing dermal sheaths of hair follicles; faint expression can also be detected in rare dermal papillae cells (Figure 4B). |
T5685 |
16941-16943 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T5686 |
16964-16973 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T5687 |
16944-16948 |
NN |
denotes |
P3.5 |
T5688 |
16949-16953 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T5689 |
16953-16955 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5690 |
16955-16960 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5691 |
16961-16963 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5692 |
17129-17137 |
VBN |
denotes |
detected |
T5693 |
16974-16976 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5694 |
16977-16981 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T5695 |
16982-16988 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T5696 |
17001-17005 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T5697 |
16989-16992 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5698 |
16993-17000 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T5699 |
17005-17007 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5700 |
17007-17011 |
RBS |
denotes |
most |
T5701 |
17012-17020 |
RB |
denotes |
strongly |
T5702 |
17021-17023 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5703 |
17024-17027 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5704 |
17044-17050 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T5705 |
17028-17037 |
VBN |
denotes |
condensed |
T5706 |
17038-17043 |
JJ |
denotes |
upper |
T5707 |
17051-17054 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5708 |
17055-17065 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T5709 |
17073-17080 |
NNS |
denotes |
sheaths |
T5710 |
17066-17072 |
JJ |
denotes |
dermal |
T5711 |
17081-17083 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5712 |
17084-17088 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T5713 |
17089-17098 |
NNS |
denotes |
follicles |
T5714 |
17098-17099 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T5715 |
17100-17105 |
JJ |
denotes |
faint |
T5716 |
17106-17116 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5717 |
17117-17120 |
MD |
denotes |
can |
T5718 |
17121-17125 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T5719 |
17126-17128 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T5720 |
17138-17140 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5721 |
17141-17145 |
JJ |
denotes |
rare |
T5722 |
17162-17167 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T5723 |
17146-17152 |
JJ |
denotes |
dermal |
T5724 |
17153-17161 |
NNS |
denotes |
papillae |
T5725 |
17168-17169 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5726 |
17169-17175 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5727 |
17176-17178 |
CD |
denotes |
4B |
T5728 |
17178-17179 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5729 |
17179-17180 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5730 |
17180-17364 |
sentence |
denotes |
Although the effects of Agouti on pigment-type switching occur during postnatal hair growth, the ventral-specific isoform of Agouti is expressed in developing skin beginning at E11.5. |
T5731 |
17181-17189 |
IN |
denotes |
Although |
T5732 |
17238-17243 |
VBP |
denotes |
occur |
T5733 |
17190-17193 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5734 |
17194-17201 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T5735 |
17202-17204 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5736 |
17205-17211 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5737 |
17212-17214 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T5738 |
17215-17222 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T5739 |
17223-17227 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T5740 |
17222-17223 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5741 |
17228-17237 |
VBG |
denotes |
switching |
T5742 |
17316-17325 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T5743 |
17244-17250 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T5744 |
17251-17260 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T5745 |
17266-17272 |
NN |
denotes |
growth |
T5746 |
17261-17265 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T5747 |
17272-17274 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5748 |
17274-17277 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5749 |
17295-17302 |
NN |
denotes |
isoform |
T5750 |
17278-17285 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T5751 |
17286-17294 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T5752 |
17285-17286 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5753 |
17303-17305 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5754 |
17306-17312 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5755 |
17313-17315 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5756 |
17326-17328 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5757 |
17329-17339 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T5758 |
17340-17344 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T5759 |
17345-17354 |
VBG |
denotes |
beginning |
T5760 |
17355-17357 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5761 |
17358-17363 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T5762 |
17363-17364 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5763 |
17364-17585 |
sentence |
denotes |
We compared adjacent sections hybridized with probes for Tbx15 and Agouti and observed complementary patterns at E12.5, with expression of Agouti in ventral skin and expression of Tbx15 in dorsal skin (Figure 5A and 5B). |
T5764 |
17365-17367 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T5765 |
17368-17376 |
VBD |
denotes |
compared |
T5766 |
17377-17385 |
JJ |
denotes |
adjacent |
T5767 |
17386-17394 |
NNS |
denotes |
sections |
T5768 |
17395-17405 |
VBN |
denotes |
hybridized |
T5769 |
17406-17410 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T5770 |
17411-17417 |
NNS |
denotes |
probes |
T5771 |
17418-17421 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T5772 |
17422-17427 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5773 |
17428-17431 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5774 |
17432-17438 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5775 |
17439-17442 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5776 |
17443-17451 |
VBD |
denotes |
observed |
T5777 |
17452-17465 |
JJ |
denotes |
complementary |
T5778 |
17466-17474 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T5779 |
17475-17477 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5780 |
17478-17483 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T5781 |
17483-17485 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5782 |
17485-17489 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T5783 |
17490-17500 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5784 |
17501-17503 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5785 |
17504-17510 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5786 |
17511-17513 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5787 |
17514-17521 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T5788 |
17522-17526 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T5789 |
17527-17530 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5790 |
17531-17541 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5791 |
17542-17544 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5792 |
17545-17550 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5793 |
17551-17553 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5794 |
17554-17560 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T5795 |
17561-17565 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T5796 |
17566-17567 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5797 |
17574-17576 |
CD |
denotes |
5A |
T5798 |
17567-17573 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5799 |
17577-17580 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5800 |
17581-17583 |
CD |
denotes |
5B |
T5801 |
17583-17584 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5802 |
17584-17585 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5803 |
17585-17757 |
sentence |
denotes |
The junction between expression domains is indistinct, and by E14.5, Tbx15 expression extends ventrally and overlaps extensively with Agouti expression (Figure 5C and 5D). |
T5804 |
17586-17589 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T5805 |
17590-17598 |
NN |
denotes |
junction |
T5806 |
17626-17628 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5807 |
17599-17606 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T5808 |
17607-17617 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5809 |
17618-17625 |
NNS |
denotes |
domains |
T5810 |
17629-17639 |
JJ |
denotes |
indistinct |
T5811 |
17639-17641 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5812 |
17641-17644 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5813 |
17645-17647 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5814 |
17672-17679 |
VBZ |
denotes |
extends |
T5815 |
17648-17653 |
NN |
denotes |
E14.5 |
T5816 |
17653-17655 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5817 |
17655-17660 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5818 |
17661-17671 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5819 |
17680-17689 |
RB |
denotes |
ventrally |
T5820 |
17690-17693 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5821 |
17694-17702 |
VBZ |
denotes |
overlaps |
T5822 |
17703-17714 |
RB |
denotes |
extensively |
T5823 |
17715-17719 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T5824 |
17720-17726 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5825 |
17727-17737 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5826 |
17738-17739 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5827 |
17746-17748 |
CD |
denotes |
5C |
T5828 |
17739-17745 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5829 |
17749-17752 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5830 |
17753-17755 |
CD |
denotes |
5D |
T5831 |
17755-17756 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5832 |
17756-17757 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5833 |
17757-18412 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 5 Embryonic Expression of Tbx15 Compared to Agouti in at/at Mice
(A and C) Tbx15. (B and D) Agouti. At E12.5, expression of Tbx15 in dorsal skin is approximately complementary to that of Agouti in ventral skin. At E14.5, the levels of expression for both genes are lower, but Tbx15 expression has expanded ventrally and overlaps extensively with that of Agouti. In all four panels, arrows mark the approximate ventral limit of Tbx15 and the approximate dorsal limit of Agouti (scale bars = 500 μm). We also examined the effect of deH on expression of Agouti and found no difference between mutant and nonmutant at E12.5 or E13.5 (data not shown). |
T5834 |
18265-18267 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T5835 |
18273-18281 |
VBD |
denotes |
examined |
T5836 |
18268-18272 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T5837 |
18282-18285 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5838 |
18286-18292 |
NN |
denotes |
effect |
T5839 |
18293-18295 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5840 |
18296-18299 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5841 |
18300-18302 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T5842 |
18303-18313 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5843 |
18314-18316 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5844 |
18317-18323 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5845 |
18324-18327 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5846 |
18328-18333 |
VBD |
denotes |
found |
T5847 |
18334-18336 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T5848 |
18337-18347 |
NN |
denotes |
difference |
T5849 |
18348-18355 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T5850 |
18356-18362 |
JJ |
denotes |
mutant |
T5851 |
18363-18366 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5852 |
18367-18376 |
JJ |
denotes |
nonmutant |
T5853 |
18377-18379 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5854 |
18380-18385 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T5855 |
18386-18388 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T5856 |
18389-18394 |
NN |
denotes |
E13.5 |
T5857 |
18395-18396 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5858 |
18405-18410 |
VBN |
denotes |
shown |
T5859 |
18396-18400 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T5860 |
18401-18404 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T5861 |
18410-18411 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5862 |
18411-18412 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5863 |
18412-18555 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, at E14.5, the normal ventral-to-dorsal gradient of Agouti expression appeared to extend more dorsally in deH/deH embryos (Figure 6A). |
T5864 |
18413-18420 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T5865 |
18491-18499 |
VBD |
denotes |
appeared |
T5866 |
18420-18422 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5867 |
18422-18424 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T5868 |
18425-18430 |
NN |
denotes |
E14.5 |
T5869 |
18430-18432 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5870 |
18432-18435 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5871 |
18461-18469 |
NN |
denotes |
gradient |
T5872 |
18436-18442 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T5873 |
18443-18450 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T5874 |
18450-18451 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5875 |
18451-18453 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T5876 |
18453-18454 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T5877 |
18454-18460 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T5878 |
18470-18472 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5879 |
18473-18479 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5880 |
18480-18490 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5881 |
18500-18502 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T5882 |
18503-18509 |
VB |
denotes |
extend |
T5883 |
18510-18514 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T5884 |
18515-18523 |
RB |
denotes |
dorsally |
T5885 |
18524-18526 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5886 |
18527-18530 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5887 |
18531-18534 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5888 |
18530-18531 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5889 |
18535-18542 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T5890 |
18543-18544 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5891 |
18544-18550 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5892 |
18551-18553 |
CD |
denotes |
6A |
T5893 |
18553-18554 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5894 |
18554-18555 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5895 |
18555-18742 |
sentence |
denotes |
In P4.5 skin, expression of Agouti is also extended dorsally in deH/deH animals and is most apparent in the midflank region within the upper dermis and dermal papillae cells (Figure 6B). |
T5896 |
18556-18558 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T5897 |
18599-18607 |
VBN |
denotes |
extended |
T5898 |
18559-18563 |
NN |
denotes |
P4.5 |
T5899 |
18564-18568 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T5900 |
18568-18570 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5901 |
18570-18580 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5902 |
18581-18583 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5903 |
18584-18590 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5904 |
18591-18593 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5905 |
18594-18598 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T5906 |
18608-18616 |
RB |
denotes |
dorsally |
T5907 |
18617-18619 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5908 |
18620-18623 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5909 |
18624-18627 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5910 |
18623-18624 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5911 |
18628-18635 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T5912 |
18636-18639 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5913 |
18640-18642 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T5914 |
18643-18647 |
RBS |
denotes |
most |
T5915 |
18648-18656 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T5916 |
18657-18659 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T5917 |
18660-18663 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5918 |
18673-18679 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T5919 |
18664-18672 |
JJ |
denotes |
midflank |
T5920 |
18680-18686 |
IN |
denotes |
within |
T5921 |
18687-18690 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5922 |
18697-18703 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T5923 |
18691-18696 |
JJ |
denotes |
upper |
T5924 |
18704-18707 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5925 |
18708-18714 |
JJ |
denotes |
dermal |
T5926 |
18724-18729 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T5927 |
18715-18723 |
NNS |
denotes |
papillae |
T5928 |
18730-18731 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T5929 |
18731-18737 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T5930 |
18738-18740 |
CD |
denotes |
6B |
T5931 |
18740-18741 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T5932 |
18741-18742 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T5933 |
18742-19074 |
sentence |
denotes |
Thus, while the pigmentation phenotype of deH/deH mice can be explained, not surprisingly, by dorsal extension of Agouti expression after birth, patterned expression of Tbx15 and Agouti are apparent some 10 days earlier, between E12.5 and E13.5, and the effects of Tbx15 deficiency on expression of Agouti can be detected by E14.5. |
T5934 |
18743-18747 |
RB |
denotes |
Thus |
T5935 |
18929-18932 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T5936 |
18747-18749 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5937 |
18749-18754 |
IN |
denotes |
while |
T5938 |
18805-18814 |
VBN |
denotes |
explained |
T5939 |
18755-18758 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5940 |
18772-18781 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T5941 |
18759-18771 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T5942 |
18782-18784 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5943 |
18785-18788 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5944 |
18789-18792 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T5945 |
18788-18789 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T5946 |
18793-18797 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T5947 |
18798-18801 |
MD |
denotes |
can |
T5948 |
18802-18804 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T5949 |
18814-18816 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5950 |
18816-18819 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T5951 |
18820-18832 |
RB |
denotes |
surprisingly |
T5952 |
18832-18834 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5953 |
18834-18836 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5954 |
18837-18843 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T5955 |
18844-18853 |
NN |
denotes |
extension |
T5956 |
18854-18856 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5957 |
18857-18863 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5958 |
18864-18874 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5959 |
18875-18880 |
IN |
denotes |
after |
T5960 |
18881-18886 |
NN |
denotes |
birth |
T5961 |
18886-18888 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5962 |
18888-18897 |
VBN |
denotes |
patterned |
T5963 |
18898-18908 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5964 |
18909-18911 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5965 |
18912-18917 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5966 |
18918-18921 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5967 |
18922-18928 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5968 |
18933-18941 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T5969 |
18942-18946 |
DT |
denotes |
some |
T5970 |
18947-18949 |
CD |
denotes |
10 |
T5971 |
18950-18954 |
NNS |
denotes |
days |
T5972 |
18955-18962 |
RBR |
denotes |
earlier |
T5973 |
18962-18964 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5974 |
18964-18971 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T5975 |
18972-18977 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T5976 |
18978-18981 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5977 |
18982-18987 |
NN |
denotes |
E13.5 |
T5978 |
18987-18989 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T5979 |
18989-18992 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T5980 |
18993-18996 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T5981 |
18997-19004 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T5982 |
19056-19064 |
VBN |
denotes |
detected |
T5983 |
19005-19007 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5984 |
19008-19013 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T5985 |
19014-19024 |
NN |
denotes |
deficiency |
T5986 |
19025-19027 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T5987 |
19028-19038 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T5988 |
19039-19041 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T5989 |
19042-19048 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T5990 |
19049-19052 |
MD |
denotes |
can |
T5991 |
19053-19055 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T5992 |
19065-19067 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T5993 |
19068-19073 |
NN |
denotes |
E14.5 |
T5994 |
19073-19074 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6165 |
19703-19715 |
NN |
denotes |
Relationship |
T6166 |
19716-19718 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6167 |
19719-19728 |
JJ |
denotes |
Embryonic |
T6168 |
19735-19745 |
NN |
denotes |
Expression |
T6169 |
19729-19734 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T6170 |
19746-19748 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6171 |
19749-19755 |
JJ |
denotes |
Dorsal |
T6172 |
19781-19788 |
NNS |
denotes |
Domains |
T6173 |
19756-19759 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6174 |
19760-19767 |
JJ |
denotes |
Ventral |
T6175 |
19768-19780 |
NN |
denotes |
Pigmentation |
T6176 |
19788-20080 |
sentence |
denotes |
The observations described above are consistent with a model in which transient expression of Tbx15 in the embryonic dorsal flank is required to establish positional identity of the future dermis, at least with respect to pigment-type synthesis caused by the ventral-specific Agouti isoform. |
T6177 |
19789-19792 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T6178 |
19793-19805 |
NNS |
denotes |
observations |
T6179 |
19822-19825 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T6180 |
19806-19815 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T6181 |
19816-19821 |
RB |
denotes |
above |
T6182 |
19826-19836 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T6183 |
19837-19841 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T6184 |
19842-19843 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6185 |
19844-19849 |
NN |
denotes |
model |
T6186 |
19850-19852 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6187 |
19922-19930 |
VBN |
denotes |
required |
T6188 |
19853-19858 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T6189 |
19859-19868 |
JJ |
denotes |
transient |
T6190 |
19869-19879 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T6191 |
19880-19882 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6192 |
19883-19888 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T6193 |
19889-19891 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6194 |
19892-19895 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6195 |
19913-19918 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6196 |
19896-19905 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6197 |
19906-19912 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6198 |
19919-19921 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6199 |
19931-19933 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6200 |
19934-19943 |
VB |
denotes |
establish |
T6201 |
19944-19954 |
JJ |
denotes |
positional |
T6202 |
19955-19963 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T6203 |
19964-19966 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6204 |
19967-19970 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6205 |
19978-19984 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T6206 |
19971-19977 |
JJ |
denotes |
future |
T6207 |
19984-19986 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6208 |
19986-19988 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T6209 |
19989-19994 |
RBS |
denotes |
least |
T6210 |
19995-19999 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T6211 |
20000-20007 |
NN |
denotes |
respect |
T6212 |
20008-20010 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6213 |
20011-20018 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T6214 |
20019-20023 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T6215 |
20018-20019 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T6216 |
20024-20033 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T6217 |
20034-20040 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T6218 |
20041-20043 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T6219 |
20044-20047 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6220 |
20072-20079 |
NN |
denotes |
isoform |
T6221 |
20048-20055 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6222 |
20056-20064 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T6223 |
20055-20056 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T6224 |
20065-20071 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T6225 |
20079-20080 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6226 |
20080-20250 |
sentence |
denotes |
To further investigate this hypothesis, we carried out transplantation experiments in which pieces of embryonic skin were isolated from different dorsoventral positions. |
T6227 |
20081-20083 |
TO |
denotes |
To |
T6228 |
20092-20103 |
VB |
denotes |
investigate |
T6229 |
20084-20091 |
RB |
denotes |
further |
T6230 |
20124-20131 |
VBD |
denotes |
carried |
T6231 |
20104-20108 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T6232 |
20109-20119 |
NN |
denotes |
hypothesis |
T6233 |
20119-20121 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6234 |
20121-20123 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T6235 |
20132-20135 |
RP |
denotes |
out |
T6236 |
20136-20151 |
NN |
denotes |
transplantation |
T6237 |
20152-20163 |
NNS |
denotes |
experiments |
T6238 |
20164-20166 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6239 |
20203-20211 |
VBN |
denotes |
isolated |
T6240 |
20167-20172 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T6241 |
20173-20179 |
NNS |
denotes |
pieces |
T6242 |
20180-20182 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6243 |
20183-20192 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6244 |
20193-20197 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6245 |
20198-20202 |
VBD |
denotes |
were |
T6246 |
20212-20216 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6247 |
20217-20226 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T6248 |
20240-20249 |
NNS |
denotes |
positions |
T6249 |
20227-20239 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T6250 |
20249-20250 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6251 |
20250-20396 |
sentence |
denotes |
We evaluated the embryonic skin fragments for their potential to give rise to different hair colors and for their expression of Tbx15 and Agouti. |
T6252 |
20251-20253 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T6253 |
20254-20263 |
VBD |
denotes |
evaluated |
T6254 |
20264-20267 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6255 |
20283-20292 |
NNS |
denotes |
fragments |
T6256 |
20268-20277 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6257 |
20278-20282 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6258 |
20293-20296 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6259 |
20297-20302 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T6260 |
20303-20312 |
NN |
denotes |
potential |
T6261 |
20313-20315 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6262 |
20316-20320 |
VB |
denotes |
give |
T6263 |
20321-20325 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T6264 |
20326-20328 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6265 |
20329-20338 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T6266 |
20344-20350 |
NNS |
denotes |
colors |
T6267 |
20339-20343 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6268 |
20351-20354 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6269 |
20355-20358 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6270 |
20359-20364 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T6271 |
20365-20375 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T6272 |
20376-20378 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6273 |
20379-20384 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T6274 |
20385-20388 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6275 |
20389-20395 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T6276 |
20395-20396 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6277 |
20396-20651 |
sentence |
denotes |
Previous studies by Silvers and colleagues (Poole and Silvers 1976) showed that dorsal and ventral skin isolated from at/at embryos gives rise to black and yellow hair, respectively, when transplanted into testis and allowed to develop for several weeks. |
T6278 |
20397-20405 |
JJ |
denotes |
Previous |
T6279 |
20406-20413 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T6280 |
20465-20471 |
VBD |
denotes |
showed |
T6281 |
20414-20416 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T6282 |
20417-20424 |
NNP |
denotes |
Silvers |
T6283 |
20425-20428 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6284 |
20429-20439 |
NNS |
denotes |
colleagues |
T6285 |
20440-20441 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6286 |
20441-20446 |
NNP |
denotes |
Poole |
T6287 |
20447-20450 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6288 |
20451-20458 |
NNP |
denotes |
Silvers |
T6289 |
20459-20463 |
CD |
denotes |
1976 |
T6290 |
20463-20464 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6291 |
20472-20476 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T6292 |
20529-20534 |
VBZ |
denotes |
gives |
T6293 |
20477-20483 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6294 |
20496-20500 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6295 |
20484-20487 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6296 |
20488-20495 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6297 |
20501-20509 |
VBN |
denotes |
isolated |
T6298 |
20510-20514 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6299 |
20515-20517 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T6300 |
20518-20520 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T6301 |
20517-20518 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T6302 |
20521-20528 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T6303 |
20535-20539 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T6304 |
20540-20542 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6305 |
20543-20548 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T6306 |
20560-20564 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6307 |
20549-20552 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6308 |
20553-20559 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T6309 |
20564-20566 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6310 |
20566-20578 |
RB |
denotes |
respectively |
T6311 |
20578-20580 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6312 |
20580-20584 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T6313 |
20585-20597 |
VBN |
denotes |
transplanted |
T6314 |
20598-20602 |
IN |
denotes |
into |
T6315 |
20603-20609 |
NN |
denotes |
testis |
T6316 |
20610-20613 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6317 |
20614-20621 |
VBN |
denotes |
allowed |
T6318 |
20622-20624 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6319 |
20625-20632 |
VB |
denotes |
develop |
T6320 |
20633-20636 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6321 |
20637-20644 |
JJ |
denotes |
several |
T6322 |
20645-20650 |
NNS |
denotes |
weeks |
T6323 |
20650-20651 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6324 |
20651-20802 |
sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, dermal–epidermal recombination experiments carried out at E14.5 demonstrated that positional identity is carried by the embryonic dermis. |
T6325 |
20652-20663 |
RB |
denotes |
Furthermore |
T6326 |
20729-20741 |
VBD |
denotes |
demonstrated |
T6327 |
20663-20665 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6328 |
20665-20671 |
JJ |
denotes |
dermal |
T6329 |
20672-20681 |
JJ |
denotes |
epidermal |
T6330 |
20671-20672 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T6331 |
20696-20707 |
NNS |
denotes |
experiments |
T6332 |
20682-20695 |
NN |
denotes |
recombination |
T6333 |
20708-20715 |
VBN |
denotes |
carried |
T6334 |
20716-20719 |
RP |
denotes |
out |
T6335 |
20720-20722 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T6336 |
20723-20728 |
NN |
denotes |
E14.5 |
T6337 |
20742-20746 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T6338 |
20770-20777 |
VBN |
denotes |
carried |
T6339 |
20747-20757 |
JJ |
denotes |
positional |
T6340 |
20758-20766 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T6341 |
20767-20769 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6342 |
20778-20780 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T6343 |
20781-20784 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6344 |
20795-20801 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T6345 |
20785-20794 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6346 |
20801-20802 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6347 |
20802-21106 |
sentence |
denotes |
In a variation on this experiment, we divided embryonic skin from at/a embryos into dorsal, flank, and ventral pieces and analyzed the different pieces for their ability to give rise to black or yellow hair after testis transplantation, and, in parallel, for gene expression using in situ hybridization. |
T6348 |
20803-20805 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T6349 |
20841-20848 |
VBD |
denotes |
divided |
T6350 |
20806-20807 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6351 |
20808-20817 |
NN |
denotes |
variation |
T6352 |
20818-20820 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T6353 |
20821-20825 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T6354 |
20826-20836 |
NN |
denotes |
experiment |
T6355 |
20836-20838 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6356 |
20838-20840 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T6357 |
20849-20858 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6358 |
20859-20863 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6359 |
20864-20868 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6360 |
20869-20871 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T6361 |
20872-20873 |
NN |
denotes |
a |
T6362 |
20871-20872 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T6363 |
20874-20881 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T6364 |
20882-20886 |
IN |
denotes |
into |
T6365 |
20887-20893 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6366 |
20914-20920 |
NNS |
denotes |
pieces |
T6367 |
20893-20895 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6368 |
20895-20900 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6369 |
20900-20902 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6370 |
20902-20905 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6371 |
20906-20913 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6372 |
20921-20924 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6373 |
20925-20933 |
VBD |
denotes |
analyzed |
T6374 |
20934-20937 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6375 |
20948-20954 |
NNS |
denotes |
pieces |
T6376 |
20938-20947 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T6377 |
20955-20958 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6378 |
20959-20964 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T6379 |
20965-20972 |
NN |
denotes |
ability |
T6380 |
20973-20975 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6381 |
20976-20980 |
VB |
denotes |
give |
T6382 |
20981-20985 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T6383 |
20986-20988 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6384 |
20989-20994 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T6385 |
21005-21009 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6386 |
20995-20997 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T6387 |
20998-21004 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T6388 |
21010-21015 |
IN |
denotes |
after |
T6389 |
21016-21022 |
NN |
denotes |
testis |
T6390 |
21023-21038 |
NN |
denotes |
transplantation |
T6391 |
21038-21040 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6392 |
21040-21043 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6393 |
21043-21045 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6394 |
21058-21061 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6395 |
21045-21047 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6396 |
21048-21056 |
NN |
denotes |
parallel |
T6397 |
21056-21058 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6398 |
21062-21066 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T6399 |
21067-21077 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T6400 |
21078-21083 |
VBG |
denotes |
using |
T6401 |
21084-21086 |
FW |
denotes |
in |
T6402 |
21087-21091 |
FW |
denotes |
situ |
T6403 |
21092-21105 |
NN |
denotes |
hybridization |
T6404 |
21105-21106 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6405 |
21106-21499 |
sentence |
denotes |
For the purposes of a reproducible morphologic boundary, we divided flank from ventral skin based on a change in skin thickness and divided dorsal from flank skin at the level of an ectodermal notch that lies at the same level as the ventral extent of the myotome (Figure 7) (Huang and Christ 2000; Olivera-Martinez et al. 2000; Sudo et al. 2001; Burke and Nowicki 2003; Nowicki et al. 2003). |
T6406 |
21107-21110 |
IN |
denotes |
For |
T6407 |
21167-21174 |
VBD |
denotes |
divided |
T6408 |
21111-21114 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6409 |
21115-21123 |
NNS |
denotes |
purposes |
T6410 |
21124-21126 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6411 |
21127-21128 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6412 |
21154-21162 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T6413 |
21129-21141 |
JJ |
denotes |
reproducible |
T6414 |
21142-21153 |
JJ |
denotes |
morphologic |
T6415 |
21162-21164 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6416 |
21164-21166 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T6417 |
21175-21180 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6418 |
21181-21185 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6419 |
21186-21193 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6420 |
21194-21198 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6421 |
21199-21204 |
VBN |
denotes |
based |
T6422 |
21205-21207 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T6423 |
21208-21209 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6424 |
21210-21216 |
NN |
denotes |
change |
T6425 |
21217-21219 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6426 |
21220-21224 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6427 |
21225-21234 |
NN |
denotes |
thickness |
T6428 |
21235-21238 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6429 |
21239-21246 |
VBN |
denotes |
divided |
T6430 |
21247-21253 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6431 |
21254-21258 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6432 |
21259-21264 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6433 |
21265-21269 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6434 |
21270-21272 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T6435 |
21273-21276 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6436 |
21277-21282 |
NN |
denotes |
level |
T6437 |
21283-21285 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6438 |
21286-21288 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T6439 |
21300-21305 |
NN |
denotes |
notch |
T6440 |
21289-21299 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectodermal |
T6441 |
21306-21310 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T6442 |
21311-21315 |
VBZ |
denotes |
lies |
T6443 |
21316-21318 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T6444 |
21319-21322 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6445 |
21328-21333 |
NN |
denotes |
level |
T6446 |
21323-21327 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T6447 |
21334-21336 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T6448 |
21337-21340 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6449 |
21349-21355 |
NN |
denotes |
extent |
T6450 |
21341-21348 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6451 |
21356-21358 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6452 |
21359-21362 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6453 |
21363-21370 |
NN |
denotes |
myotome |
T6454 |
21371-21372 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6455 |
21372-21378 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T6456 |
21379-21380 |
CD |
denotes |
7 |
T6457 |
21380-21381 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6458 |
21382-21383 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6459 |
21383-21388 |
NNP |
denotes |
Huang |
T6460 |
21389-21392 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6461 |
21393-21399 |
NNP |
denotes |
Christ |
T6462 |
21400-21404 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T6463 |
21404-21405 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6464 |
21406-21413 |
NNP |
denotes |
Olivera |
T6465 |
21413-21414 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T6466 |
21414-21422 |
NNP |
denotes |
Martinez |
T6467 |
21423-21425 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T6468 |
21426-21429 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T6469 |
21430-21434 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T6470 |
21434-21435 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6471 |
21436-21440 |
NNP |
denotes |
Sudo |
T6472 |
21441-21443 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T6473 |
21444-21447 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T6474 |
21448-21452 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T6475 |
21452-21453 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6476 |
21454-21459 |
NNP |
denotes |
Burke |
T6477 |
21460-21463 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6478 |
21464-21471 |
NNP |
denotes |
Nowicki |
T6479 |
21472-21476 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T6480 |
21476-21477 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6481 |
21478-21485 |
NNP |
denotes |
Nowicki |
T6482 |
21486-21488 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T6483 |
21489-21492 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T6484 |
21493-21497 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T6485 |
21497-21498 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6486 |
21498-21499 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6487 |
21499-22341 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 7 Embryonic Establishment of Dorsoventral Skin Patterning
Pieces of skin from dorsal, flank, and ventral regions of at/a E12.5 embryos were transplanted into the testes of congenic animals as described in the text. Hair color of the grafts was examined 3 wk later. Grafts of ventral embryonic skin (n = 3) produced yellow hairs, dorsal embryonic skin (n = 4) produced black hairs, and flank embryonic skin produced mostly (13 out of 15) black and yellow hairs in distinct regions as shown. In parallel, in situ hybridization studies revealed that the embryonic flank contains the boundary of expression between Agouti and Tbx15 (scale bars = 1 mm for hairs and 200 μm for in situ hybridization results). We found that E12.5 is the earliest time at which embryonic ventral skin is able to produce hair when transplanted to the testis. |
T6488 |
22212-22214 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T6489 |
22215-22220 |
VBD |
denotes |
found |
T6490 |
22221-22225 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T6491 |
22232-22234 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6492 |
22226-22231 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T6493 |
22235-22238 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6494 |
22248-22252 |
NN |
denotes |
time |
T6495 |
22239-22247 |
JJS |
denotes |
earliest |
T6496 |
22253-22255 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T6497 |
22285-22287 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6498 |
22256-22261 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T6499 |
22262-22271 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6500 |
22280-22284 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6501 |
22272-22279 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6502 |
22288-22292 |
JJ |
denotes |
able |
T6503 |
22293-22295 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6504 |
22296-22303 |
VB |
denotes |
produce |
T6505 |
22304-22308 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6506 |
22309-22313 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T6507 |
22314-22326 |
VBN |
denotes |
transplanted |
T6508 |
22327-22329 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6509 |
22330-22333 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6510 |
22334-22340 |
NN |
denotes |
testis |
T6511 |
22340-22341 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6512 |
22341-22471 |
sentence |
denotes |
Of the grafts that produced hair, ventral skin gave rise to yellow hair (n = 3), and dorsal skin gave rise to black hair (n = 4). |
T6513 |
22342-22344 |
IN |
denotes |
Of |
T6514 |
22389-22393 |
VBD |
denotes |
gave |
T6515 |
22345-22348 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6516 |
22349-22355 |
NNS |
denotes |
grafts |
T6517 |
22356-22360 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T6518 |
22361-22369 |
VBD |
denotes |
produced |
T6519 |
22370-22374 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6520 |
22374-22376 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6521 |
22376-22383 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6522 |
22384-22388 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6523 |
22394-22398 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T6524 |
22399-22401 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6525 |
22402-22408 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T6526 |
22409-22413 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6527 |
22414-22415 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6528 |
22419-22420 |
CD |
denotes |
3 |
T6529 |
22415-22416 |
NN |
denotes |
n |
T6530 |
22417-22418 |
SYM |
denotes |
= |
T6531 |
22420-22421 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6532 |
22421-22423 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6533 |
22423-22426 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6534 |
22427-22433 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6535 |
22434-22438 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6536 |
22439-22443 |
VBD |
denotes |
gave |
T6537 |
22444-22448 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T6538 |
22449-22451 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6539 |
22452-22457 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T6540 |
22458-22462 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6541 |
22463-22464 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6542 |
22468-22469 |
CD |
denotes |
4 |
T6543 |
22464-22465 |
NN |
denotes |
n |
T6544 |
22466-22467 |
SYM |
denotes |
= |
T6545 |
22469-22470 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6546 |
22470-22471 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6547 |
22471-22689 |
sentence |
denotes |
Transplantation of flank skin gave rise to a patch of yellow hair juxtaposed against a patch of black hair in 85% of the successful grafts (n = 13); the remaining two flank grafts produced solely black or yellow hair. |
T6548 |
22472-22487 |
NN |
denotes |
Transplantation |
T6549 |
22502-22506 |
VBD |
denotes |
gave |
T6550 |
22488-22490 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6551 |
22491-22496 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6552 |
22497-22501 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6553 |
22652-22660 |
VBD |
denotes |
produced |
T6554 |
22507-22511 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T6555 |
22512-22514 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6556 |
22515-22516 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6557 |
22517-22522 |
NN |
denotes |
patch |
T6558 |
22523-22525 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6559 |
22526-22532 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T6560 |
22533-22537 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6561 |
22538-22548 |
VBN |
denotes |
juxtaposed |
T6562 |
22549-22556 |
IN |
denotes |
against |
T6563 |
22557-22558 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6564 |
22559-22564 |
NN |
denotes |
patch |
T6565 |
22565-22567 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6566 |
22568-22573 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T6567 |
22574-22578 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6568 |
22579-22581 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6569 |
22582-22584 |
CD |
denotes |
85 |
T6570 |
22584-22585 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T6571 |
22586-22588 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6572 |
22589-22592 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6573 |
22604-22610 |
NNS |
denotes |
grafts |
T6574 |
22593-22603 |
JJ |
denotes |
successful |
T6575 |
22611-22612 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6576 |
22616-22618 |
CD |
denotes |
13 |
T6577 |
22612-22613 |
NN |
denotes |
n |
T6578 |
22614-22615 |
SYM |
denotes |
= |
T6579 |
22618-22619 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6580 |
22619-22620 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6581 |
22621-22624 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6582 |
22645-22651 |
NNS |
denotes |
grafts |
T6583 |
22625-22634 |
VBG |
denotes |
remaining |
T6584 |
22635-22638 |
CD |
denotes |
two |
T6585 |
22639-22644 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6586 |
22661-22667 |
RB |
denotes |
solely |
T6587 |
22668-22673 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T6588 |
22684-22688 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T6589 |
22674-22676 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T6590 |
22677-22683 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T6591 |
22688-22689 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6592 |
22689-22756 |
sentence |
denotes |
In no case did we observe intermingling of black and yellow hairs. |
T6593 |
22690-22692 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T6594 |
22708-22715 |
VBP |
denotes |
observe |
T6595 |
22693-22695 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T6596 |
22696-22700 |
NN |
denotes |
case |
T6597 |
22701-22704 |
VBD |
denotes |
did |
T6598 |
22705-22707 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T6599 |
22716-22729 |
VBG |
denotes |
intermingling |
T6600 |
22730-22732 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6601 |
22733-22738 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T6602 |
22750-22755 |
NNS |
denotes |
hairs |
T6603 |
22739-22742 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6604 |
22743-22749 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T6605 |
22755-22756 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6606 |
22756-22937 |
sentence |
denotes |
As predicted from the experiments using tissue sections (see Figures 5 and 6), dorsal pieces expressed Tbx15 but not Agouti, while flank pieces expressed both genes (see Figure 7). |
T6607 |
22757-22759 |
IN |
denotes |
As |
T6608 |
22760-22769 |
VBN |
denotes |
predicted |
T6609 |
22850-22859 |
VBD |
denotes |
expressed |
T6610 |
22770-22774 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6611 |
22775-22778 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6612 |
22779-22790 |
NNS |
denotes |
experiments |
T6613 |
22791-22796 |
VBG |
denotes |
using |
T6614 |
22797-22803 |
NN |
denotes |
tissue |
T6615 |
22804-22812 |
NNS |
denotes |
sections |
T6616 |
22813-22814 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6617 |
22814-22817 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T6618 |
22818-22825 |
NNS |
denotes |
Figures |
T6619 |
22826-22827 |
CD |
denotes |
5 |
T6620 |
22828-22831 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6621 |
22832-22833 |
CD |
denotes |
6 |
T6622 |
22833-22834 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6623 |
22834-22836 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6624 |
22836-22842 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6625 |
22843-22849 |
NNS |
denotes |
pieces |
T6626 |
22860-22865 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T6627 |
22866-22869 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T6628 |
22870-22873 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T6629 |
22874-22880 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T6630 |
22880-22882 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6631 |
22882-22887 |
IN |
denotes |
while |
T6632 |
22901-22910 |
VBD |
denotes |
expressed |
T6633 |
22888-22893 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6634 |
22894-22900 |
NNS |
denotes |
pieces |
T6635 |
22911-22915 |
DT |
denotes |
both |
T6636 |
22916-22921 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T6637 |
22922-22923 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6638 |
22923-22926 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T6639 |
22927-22933 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T6640 |
22934-22935 |
CD |
denotes |
7 |
T6641 |
22935-22936 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6642 |
22936-22937 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6643 |
22937-23270 |
sentence |
denotes |
Thus, dorsoventral identity for adult pigmentation is established by the time when patterned expression becomes apparent for Tbx15 and Agouti (E11.5–E12.5); furthermore, positional identity is maintained throughout later stages of skin development, even though expression of Tbx15 broadens to include ventral as well as dorsal skin. |
T6644 |
22938-22942 |
RB |
denotes |
Thus |
T6645 |
22992-23003 |
VBN |
denotes |
established |
T6646 |
22942-22944 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6647 |
22944-22956 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T6648 |
22957-22965 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T6649 |
22966-22969 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6650 |
22970-22975 |
JJ |
denotes |
adult |
T6651 |
22976-22988 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T6652 |
22989-22991 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6653 |
23131-23141 |
VBN |
denotes |
maintained |
T6654 |
23004-23006 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T6655 |
23007-23010 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6656 |
23011-23015 |
NN |
denotes |
time |
T6657 |
23016-23020 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T6658 |
23042-23049 |
VBZ |
denotes |
becomes |
T6659 |
23021-23030 |
VBN |
denotes |
patterned |
T6660 |
23031-23041 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T6661 |
23050-23058 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T6662 |
23059-23062 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6663 |
23063-23068 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T6664 |
23069-23072 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6665 |
23073-23079 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T6666 |
23080-23081 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6667 |
23081-23086 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T6668 |
23086-23087 |
SYM |
denotes |
– |
T6669 |
23087-23092 |
NN |
denotes |
E12.5 |
T6670 |
23092-23093 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6671 |
23093-23094 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6672 |
23095-23106 |
RB |
denotes |
furthermore |
T6673 |
23106-23108 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6674 |
23108-23118 |
JJ |
denotes |
positional |
T6675 |
23119-23127 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T6676 |
23128-23130 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6677 |
23142-23152 |
IN |
denotes |
throughout |
T6678 |
23153-23158 |
JJ |
denotes |
later |
T6679 |
23159-23165 |
NNS |
denotes |
stages |
T6680 |
23166-23168 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6681 |
23169-23173 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6682 |
23174-23185 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T6683 |
23185-23187 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6684 |
23187-23191 |
RB |
denotes |
even |
T6685 |
23219-23227 |
VBZ |
denotes |
broadens |
T6686 |
23192-23198 |
IN |
denotes |
though |
T6687 |
23199-23209 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T6688 |
23210-23212 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6689 |
23213-23218 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T6690 |
23228-23230 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6691 |
23231-23238 |
VB |
denotes |
include |
T6692 |
23239-23246 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T6693 |
23265-23269 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T6694 |
23247-23249 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T6695 |
23255-23257 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T6696 |
23250-23254 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T6697 |
23258-23264 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T6698 |
23269-23270 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6883 |
23272-23284 |
NN |
denotes |
Relationship |
T6884 |
23285-23287 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T6885 |
23288-23291 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6886 |
23313-23321 |
NN |
denotes |
Boundary |
T6887 |
23292-23304 |
JJ |
denotes |
Dorsoventral |
T6888 |
23305-23312 |
NN |
denotes |
Pigment |
T6889 |
23322-23324 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T6890 |
23325-23332 |
NN |
denotes |
Lineage |
T6891 |
23333-23345 |
NNS |
denotes |
Compartments |
T6892 |
23346-23349 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6893 |
23350-23353 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6894 |
23370-23378 |
NN |
denotes |
Frontier |
T6895 |
23354-23361 |
JJ |
denotes |
Lateral |
T6896 |
23362-23369 |
JJ |
denotes |
Somitic |
T6897 |
23378-23529 |
sentence |
denotes |
The ectodermal notch that we used to mark the boundary between embryonic dorsum and embryonic flank is a characteristic feature in vertebrate embryos. |
T6898 |
23379-23382 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T6899 |
23394-23399 |
NN |
denotes |
notch |
T6900 |
23383-23393 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectodermal |
T6901 |
23479-23481 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T6902 |
23400-23404 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T6903 |
23408-23412 |
VBD |
denotes |
used |
T6904 |
23405-23407 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T6905 |
23413-23415 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T6906 |
23416-23420 |
VB |
denotes |
mark |
T6907 |
23421-23424 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6908 |
23425-23433 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T6909 |
23434-23441 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T6910 |
23442-23451 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6911 |
23452-23458 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T6912 |
23459-23462 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6913 |
23463-23472 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T6914 |
23473-23478 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T6915 |
23482-23483 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6916 |
23499-23506 |
NN |
denotes |
feature |
T6917 |
23484-23498 |
JJ |
denotes |
characteristic |
T6918 |
23507-23509 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6919 |
23510-23520 |
NN |
denotes |
vertebrate |
T6920 |
23521-23528 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T6921 |
23528-23529 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6922 |
23529-23872 |
sentence |
denotes |
In cell lineage studies carried out in the chick system, the notch serves as a landmark for the boundary between dermis derived from somitic mesoderm and dermis derived from lateral plate mesoderm and has been termed the “lateral somitic frontier” (Olivera-Martinez et al. 2000; Sudo et al. 2001; Burke and Nowicki 2003; Nowicki et al. 2003). |
T6923 |
23530-23532 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T6924 |
23597-23603 |
VBZ |
denotes |
serves |
T6925 |
23533-23537 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T6926 |
23546-23553 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T6927 |
23538-23545 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T6928 |
23554-23561 |
VBN |
denotes |
carried |
T6929 |
23562-23565 |
RP |
denotes |
out |
T6930 |
23566-23568 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T6931 |
23569-23572 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6932 |
23579-23585 |
NN |
denotes |
system |
T6933 |
23573-23578 |
NN |
denotes |
chick |
T6934 |
23585-23587 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T6935 |
23587-23590 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6936 |
23591-23596 |
NN |
denotes |
notch |
T6937 |
23604-23606 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T6938 |
23607-23608 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T6939 |
23609-23617 |
NN |
denotes |
landmark |
T6940 |
23618-23621 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T6941 |
23622-23625 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6942 |
23626-23634 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T6943 |
23635-23642 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T6944 |
23643-23649 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T6945 |
23650-23657 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T6946 |
23658-23662 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6947 |
23663-23670 |
JJ |
denotes |
somitic |
T6948 |
23671-23679 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T6949 |
23680-23683 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6950 |
23684-23690 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T6951 |
23691-23698 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T6952 |
23699-23703 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T6953 |
23704-23711 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T6954 |
23712-23717 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T6955 |
23718-23726 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T6956 |
23727-23730 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6957 |
23731-23734 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T6958 |
23740-23746 |
VBN |
denotes |
termed |
T6959 |
23735-23739 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T6960 |
23747-23750 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T6961 |
23768-23776 |
NN |
denotes |
frontier |
T6962 |
23751-23752 |
`` |
denotes |
“ |
T6963 |
23752-23759 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T6964 |
23760-23767 |
JJ |
denotes |
somitic |
T6965 |
23776-23777 |
'' |
denotes |
” |
T6966 |
23778-23779 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T6967 |
23779-23786 |
NNP |
denotes |
Olivera |
T6968 |
23786-23787 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T6969 |
23787-23795 |
NNP |
denotes |
Martinez |
T6970 |
23796-23798 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T6971 |
23799-23802 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T6972 |
23803-23807 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T6973 |
23807-23808 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6974 |
23809-23813 |
NNP |
denotes |
Sudo |
T6975 |
23814-23816 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T6976 |
23817-23820 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T6977 |
23821-23825 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T6978 |
23825-23826 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6979 |
23827-23832 |
NNP |
denotes |
Burke |
T6980 |
23833-23836 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T6981 |
23837-23844 |
NNP |
denotes |
Nowicki |
T6982 |
23845-23849 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T6983 |
23849-23850 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T6984 |
23851-23858 |
NNP |
denotes |
Nowicki |
T6985 |
23859-23861 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T6986 |
23862-23865 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T6987 |
23866-23870 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T6988 |
23870-23871 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T6989 |
23871-23872 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T6990 |
23872-24099 |
sentence |
denotes |
Although fate-mapping studies have not been carried out in mammalian embryos, somite- and lateral plate-derived mesoderm could give rise to precursors for dermis dorsal and ventral to the limb–body wall junction, respectively. |
T6991 |
23873-23881 |
IN |
denotes |
Although |
T6992 |
23917-23924 |
VBN |
denotes |
carried |
T6993 |
23882-23886 |
NN |
denotes |
fate |
T6994 |
23887-23894 |
VBG |
denotes |
mapping |
T6995 |
23886-23887 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T6996 |
23895-23902 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T6997 |
23903-23907 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T6998 |
23908-23911 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T6999 |
23912-23916 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T7000 |
24000-24004 |
VB |
denotes |
give |
T7001 |
23925-23928 |
RP |
denotes |
out |
T7002 |
23929-23931 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7003 |
23932-23941 |
JJ |
denotes |
mammalian |
T7004 |
23942-23949 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T7005 |
23949-23951 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7006 |
23951-23957 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T7007 |
23977-23984 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7008 |
23957-23958 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7009 |
23959-23962 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7010 |
23963-23970 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7011 |
23971-23976 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7012 |
23976-23977 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7013 |
23985-23993 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T7014 |
23994-23999 |
MD |
denotes |
could |
T7015 |
24005-24009 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T7016 |
24010-24012 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7017 |
24013-24023 |
NNS |
denotes |
precursors |
T7018 |
24024-24027 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T7019 |
24028-24034 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T7020 |
24035-24041 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T7021 |
24042-24045 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7022 |
24046-24053 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7023 |
24054-24056 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7024 |
24057-24060 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7025 |
24076-24084 |
NN |
denotes |
junction |
T7026 |
24061-24065 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T7027 |
24065-24066 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T7028 |
24066-24070 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T7029 |
24071-24075 |
NN |
denotes |
wall |
T7030 |
24084-24086 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7031 |
24086-24098 |
RB |
denotes |
respectively |
T7032 |
24098-24099 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7033 |
24099-24242 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, this notion conflicts with our observation that the future pigmentation boundary lies ventral to the ectodermal notch (see Figure 7). |
T7034 |
24100-24107 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T7035 |
24121-24130 |
VBZ |
denotes |
conflicts |
T7036 |
24107-24109 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7037 |
24109-24113 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T7038 |
24114-24120 |
NN |
denotes |
notion |
T7039 |
24131-24135 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T7040 |
24136-24139 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
our |
T7041 |
24140-24151 |
NN |
denotes |
observation |
T7042 |
24152-24156 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T7043 |
24190-24194 |
VBZ |
denotes |
lies |
T7044 |
24157-24160 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7045 |
24181-24189 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7046 |
24161-24167 |
JJ |
denotes |
future |
T7047 |
24168-24180 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7048 |
24195-24202 |
RB |
denotes |
ventral |
T7049 |
24203-24205 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7050 |
24206-24209 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7051 |
24221-24226 |
NN |
denotes |
notch |
T7052 |
24210-24220 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectodermal |
T7053 |
24227-24228 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7054 |
24228-24231 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T7055 |
24232-24238 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T7056 |
24239-24240 |
CD |
denotes |
7 |
T7057 |
24240-24241 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7058 |
24241-24242 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7059 |
24242-24484 |
sentence |
denotes |
To examine directly the relationship between the pigmentation boundary and dermis derived from lateral plate mesoderm, we made use of a Cre transgene driven by the Hoxb6 promoter that was developed by Kuehn and colleagues (Lowe et al. 2000). |
T7060 |
24243-24245 |
TO |
denotes |
To |
T7061 |
24246-24253 |
VB |
denotes |
examine |
T7062 |
24365-24369 |
VBD |
denotes |
made |
T7063 |
24254-24262 |
RB |
denotes |
directly |
T7064 |
24263-24266 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7065 |
24267-24279 |
NN |
denotes |
relationship |
T7066 |
24280-24287 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T7067 |
24288-24291 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7068 |
24305-24313 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7069 |
24292-24304 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7070 |
24314-24317 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7071 |
24318-24324 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T7072 |
24325-24332 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7073 |
24333-24337 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T7074 |
24338-24345 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7075 |
24346-24351 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7076 |
24352-24360 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T7077 |
24360-24362 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7078 |
24362-24364 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T7079 |
24370-24373 |
NN |
denotes |
use |
T7080 |
24374-24376 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7081 |
24377-24378 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7082 |
24383-24392 |
NN |
denotes |
transgene |
T7083 |
24379-24382 |
NN |
denotes |
Cre |
T7084 |
24393-24399 |
VBN |
denotes |
driven |
T7085 |
24400-24402 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7086 |
24403-24406 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7087 |
24413-24421 |
NN |
denotes |
promoter |
T7088 |
24407-24412 |
NN |
denotes |
Hoxb6 |
T7089 |
24422-24426 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7090 |
24431-24440 |
VBN |
denotes |
developed |
T7091 |
24427-24430 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T7092 |
24441-24443 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7093 |
24444-24449 |
NNP |
denotes |
Kuehn |
T7094 |
24450-24453 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7095 |
24454-24464 |
NNS |
denotes |
colleagues |
T7096 |
24465-24466 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7097 |
24466-24470 |
NNP |
denotes |
Lowe |
T7098 |
24471-24473 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T7099 |
24474-24477 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T7100 |
24478-24482 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T7101 |
24482-24483 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7102 |
24483-24484 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7103 |
24484-24721 |
sentence |
denotes |
As described by Lowe et al. (2000), midgestation embryos carrying both the Hoxb6-Cre transgene and the R26R lacZ reporter gene (Soriano 1999) exhibit X-Gal staining in lateral plate mesoderm but not somite-derived mesoderm of the trunk. |
T7104 |
24485-24487 |
IN |
denotes |
As |
T7105 |
24488-24497 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T7106 |
24627-24634 |
VBP |
denotes |
exhibit |
T7107 |
24498-24500 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7108 |
24501-24505 |
NNP |
denotes |
Lowe |
T7109 |
24506-24508 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T7110 |
24509-24512 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T7111 |
24513-24514 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7112 |
24514-24518 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T7113 |
24518-24519 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7114 |
24519-24521 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7115 |
24521-24533 |
NN |
denotes |
midgestation |
T7116 |
24534-24541 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T7117 |
24542-24550 |
VBG |
denotes |
carrying |
T7118 |
24551-24555 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T7119 |
24570-24579 |
NN |
denotes |
transgene |
T7120 |
24556-24559 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7121 |
24560-24565 |
NN |
denotes |
Hoxb6 |
T7122 |
24566-24569 |
NN |
denotes |
Cre |
T7123 |
24565-24566 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7124 |
24580-24583 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7125 |
24584-24587 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7126 |
24607-24611 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T7127 |
24588-24592 |
NN |
denotes |
R26R |
T7128 |
24593-24597 |
NN |
denotes |
lacZ |
T7129 |
24598-24606 |
NN |
denotes |
reporter |
T7130 |
24612-24613 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7131 |
24613-24620 |
NNP |
denotes |
Soriano |
T7132 |
24621-24625 |
CD |
denotes |
1999 |
T7133 |
24625-24626 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7134 |
24635-24636 |
NN |
denotes |
X |
T7135 |
24637-24640 |
NN |
denotes |
Gal |
T7136 |
24636-24637 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7137 |
24641-24649 |
NN |
denotes |
staining |
T7138 |
24650-24652 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7139 |
24653-24660 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7140 |
24661-24666 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7141 |
24667-24675 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T7142 |
24676-24679 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T7143 |
24680-24683 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T7144 |
24684-24690 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T7145 |
24691-24698 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7146 |
24690-24691 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7147 |
24699-24707 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T7148 |
24708-24710 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7149 |
24711-24714 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7150 |
24715-24720 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T7151 |
24720-24721 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7152 |
24721-24948 |
sentence |
denotes |
In whole-mount skin preparations from P1.5 or P4.5 neonatal animals, we observed a ventral band of dark X-Gal staining corresponding to lateral plate-derived dermis, which represents 63% of the total circumference (Figure 8A). |
T7153 |
24722-24724 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T7154 |
24794-24802 |
VBD |
denotes |
observed |
T7155 |
24725-24730 |
JJ |
denotes |
whole |
T7156 |
24731-24736 |
NN |
denotes |
mount |
T7157 |
24730-24731 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7158 |
24742-24754 |
NNS |
denotes |
preparations |
T7159 |
24737-24741 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T7160 |
24755-24759 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T7161 |
24760-24764 |
NN |
denotes |
P1.5 |
T7162 |
24782-24789 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T7163 |
24765-24767 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T7164 |
24768-24772 |
NN |
denotes |
P4.5 |
T7165 |
24773-24781 |
JJ |
denotes |
neonatal |
T7166 |
24789-24791 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7167 |
24791-24793 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T7168 |
24803-24804 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7169 |
24813-24817 |
NN |
denotes |
band |
T7170 |
24805-24812 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7171 |
24818-24820 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7172 |
24821-24825 |
JJ |
denotes |
dark |
T7173 |
24832-24840 |
NN |
denotes |
staining |
T7174 |
24826-24827 |
NN |
denotes |
X |
T7175 |
24827-24828 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7176 |
24828-24831 |
NN |
denotes |
Gal |
T7177 |
24841-24854 |
VBG |
denotes |
corresponding |
T7178 |
24855-24857 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7179 |
24858-24865 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7180 |
24866-24871 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7181 |
24872-24879 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7182 |
24871-24872 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7183 |
24880-24886 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T7184 |
24886-24888 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7185 |
24888-24893 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T7186 |
24894-24904 |
VBZ |
denotes |
represents |
T7187 |
24905-24907 |
CD |
denotes |
63 |
T7188 |
24907-24908 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T7189 |
24909-24911 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7190 |
24912-24915 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7191 |
24922-24935 |
NN |
denotes |
circumference |
T7192 |
24916-24921 |
JJ |
denotes |
total |
T7193 |
24936-24937 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7194 |
24937-24943 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T7195 |
24944-24946 |
CD |
denotes |
8A |
T7196 |
24946-24947 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7197 |
24947-24948 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7198 |
24948-25231 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, in parallel preparations from at/at mice, the ventral pheomelanin domain represents 47% of the total skin circumference; therefore, the proportions of total skin circumference occupied by dorsal eumelanin and somite-derived dermis are 53% and 37%, respectively (Figure 8B). |
T7199 |
24949-24956 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T7200 |
25031-25041 |
VBZ |
denotes |
represents |
T7201 |
24956-24958 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7202 |
24958-24960 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7203 |
24961-24969 |
JJ |
denotes |
parallel |
T7204 |
24970-24982 |
NNS |
denotes |
preparations |
T7205 |
24983-24987 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T7206 |
24988-24990 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T7207 |
24991-24993 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T7208 |
24990-24991 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T7209 |
24994-24998 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T7210 |
24998-25000 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7211 |
25000-25003 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7212 |
25024-25030 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T7213 |
25004-25011 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7214 |
25012-25023 |
NN |
denotes |
pheomelanin |
T7215 |
25189-25192 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T7216 |
25042-25044 |
CD |
denotes |
47 |
T7217 |
25044-25045 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T7218 |
25046-25048 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7219 |
25049-25052 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7220 |
25064-25077 |
NN |
denotes |
circumference |
T7221 |
25053-25058 |
JJ |
denotes |
total |
T7222 |
25059-25063 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T7223 |
25077-25078 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T7224 |
25079-25088 |
RB |
denotes |
therefore |
T7225 |
25088-25090 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7226 |
25090-25093 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7227 |
25094-25105 |
NNS |
denotes |
proportions |
T7228 |
25106-25108 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7229 |
25109-25114 |
JJ |
denotes |
total |
T7230 |
25120-25133 |
NN |
denotes |
circumference |
T7231 |
25115-25119 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T7232 |
25134-25142 |
VBN |
denotes |
occupied |
T7233 |
25143-25145 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7234 |
25146-25152 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T7235 |
25153-25162 |
NN |
denotes |
eumelanin |
T7236 |
25182-25188 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T7237 |
25163-25166 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7238 |
25167-25173 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T7239 |
25174-25181 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7240 |
25173-25174 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7241 |
25193-25195 |
CD |
denotes |
53 |
T7242 |
25195-25196 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T7243 |
25197-25200 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7244 |
25201-25203 |
CD |
denotes |
37 |
T7245 |
25203-25204 |
NN |
denotes |
% |
T7246 |
25204-25206 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7247 |
25206-25218 |
RB |
denotes |
respectively |
T7248 |
25219-25220 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7249 |
25220-25226 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T7250 |
25227-25229 |
CD |
denotes |
8B |
T7251 |
25229-25230 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7252 |
25230-25231 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7253 |
25231-25395 |
sentence |
denotes |
These results indicate that the pigmentation boundary is clearly distinct from, and more ventral to, the boundary between lateral plate- and somite-derived dermis. |
T7254 |
25232-25237 |
DT |
denotes |
These |
T7255 |
25238-25245 |
NNS |
denotes |
results |
T7256 |
25246-25254 |
VBP |
denotes |
indicate |
T7257 |
25255-25259 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T7258 |
25286-25288 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7259 |
25260-25263 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7260 |
25277-25285 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7261 |
25264-25276 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7262 |
25289-25296 |
RB |
denotes |
clearly |
T7263 |
25297-25305 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinct |
T7264 |
25306-25310 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T7265 |
25310-25312 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7266 |
25312-25315 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7267 |
25316-25320 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T7268 |
25321-25328 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7269 |
25329-25331 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7270 |
25331-25333 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7271 |
25333-25336 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7272 |
25337-25345 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7273 |
25346-25353 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T7274 |
25354-25361 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7275 |
25362-25367 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7276 |
25380-25387 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7277 |
25367-25368 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7278 |
25369-25372 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7279 |
25373-25379 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T7280 |
25379-25380 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7281 |
25388-25394 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T7282 |
25394-25395 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7283 |
25395-26671 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 8 Comparison of the Dorsoventral at/at Pigmentation Boundary to the Lateral Somitic Frontier
(A) Dorsoventral slices of skin from at the midtrunk region prepared such that the dorsal midline lies in the center of the slice. Sections were taken at P1.5 (a) or P4.5 (b–e) from at/at or R26R/+; Tg.Hoxb6-Cre/+ mice (the latter were stained with X-Gal), as described in Materials and Methods. For purposes of comparison, images were proportionally scaled. The boundary of X-Gal staining marks dermis derived from lateral plate versus dermis derived from mesoderm (the lateral somitic frontier) and lies more dorsal than the at/at pigmentation boundary.
(B) Quantitation of mean (± SEM) dorsal pigmentation area (n = 5) and somite-derived dermis area (n = 3) shows a significant difference (p < 0.005, t-test).
(C) RNA in situ hybridization showing that Tbx15 expression at E11.5 is complementary to En1 expression on the flank (scale bars = 200 μm). The arrow indicates the boundary between the expression domains of the two genes. Because the pigmentation boundary lies in register with the limb–body wall junction (see Figure 2), we wondered whether mechanisms used for dorsoventral limb patterning might be related to those used to establish the pigmentation boundary. |
T7284 |
26432-26439 |
IN |
denotes |
Because |
T7285 |
26466-26470 |
VBZ |
denotes |
lies |
T7286 |
26440-26443 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7287 |
26457-26465 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7288 |
26444-26456 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7289 |
26535-26543 |
VBD |
denotes |
wondered |
T7290 |
26471-26473 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7291 |
26474-26482 |
NN |
denotes |
register |
T7292 |
26483-26487 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T7293 |
26488-26491 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7294 |
26507-26515 |
NN |
denotes |
junction |
T7295 |
26492-26496 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T7296 |
26496-26497 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T7297 |
26497-26501 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T7298 |
26502-26506 |
NN |
denotes |
wall |
T7299 |
26516-26517 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7300 |
26517-26520 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T7301 |
26521-26527 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T7302 |
26528-26529 |
CD |
denotes |
2 |
T7303 |
26529-26530 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7304 |
26530-26532 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7305 |
26532-26534 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T7306 |
26544-26551 |
IN |
denotes |
whether |
T7307 |
26607-26609 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T7308 |
26552-26562 |
NNS |
denotes |
mechanisms |
T7309 |
26563-26567 |
VBN |
denotes |
used |
T7310 |
26568-26571 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T7311 |
26572-26584 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T7312 |
26590-26600 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T7313 |
26585-26589 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T7314 |
26601-26606 |
MD |
denotes |
might |
T7315 |
26610-26617 |
JJ |
denotes |
related |
T7316 |
26618-26620 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7317 |
26621-26626 |
DT |
denotes |
those |
T7318 |
26627-26631 |
VBN |
denotes |
used |
T7319 |
26632-26634 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T7320 |
26635-26644 |
VB |
denotes |
establish |
T7321 |
26645-26648 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7322 |
26662-26670 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7323 |
26649-26661 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7324 |
26670-26671 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7325 |
26671-26861 |
sentence |
denotes |
In the developing limb, Engrailed1 (En1), Wnt7a, and Lmx1b are part of a network whose restricted domains of expression help to establish dorsoventral identity (reviewed in Niswander 2003). |
T7326 |
26672-26674 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T7327 |
26731-26734 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T7328 |
26675-26678 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7329 |
26690-26694 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T7330 |
26679-26689 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T7331 |
26694-26696 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7332 |
26696-26706 |
NN |
denotes |
Engrailed1 |
T7333 |
26707-26708 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7334 |
26708-26711 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T7335 |
26711-26712 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7336 |
26712-26714 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7337 |
26714-26719 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T7338 |
26719-26721 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7339 |
26721-26724 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7340 |
26725-26730 |
NN |
denotes |
Lmx1b |
T7341 |
26735-26739 |
NN |
denotes |
part |
T7342 |
26740-26742 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7343 |
26743-26744 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7344 |
26745-26752 |
NN |
denotes |
network |
T7345 |
26753-26758 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T7346 |
26770-26777 |
NNS |
denotes |
domains |
T7347 |
26759-26769 |
JJ |
denotes |
restricted |
T7348 |
26792-26796 |
VBP |
denotes |
help |
T7349 |
26778-26780 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7350 |
26781-26791 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T7351 |
26797-26799 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T7352 |
26800-26809 |
VB |
denotes |
establish |
T7353 |
26810-26822 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T7354 |
26823-26831 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T7355 |
26832-26833 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7356 |
26833-26841 |
VBN |
denotes |
reviewed |
T7357 |
26842-26844 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7358 |
26845-26854 |
NNP |
denotes |
Niswander |
T7359 |
26855-26859 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T7360 |
26859-26860 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7361 |
26860-26861 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7362 |
26861-27056 |
sentence |
denotes |
En1 is transiently expressed in the developing flank; at E11.5, transverse abdominal sections reveal domains in the neural tube, somite-derived mesenchyme, and the ventral body wall (Figure 8C). |
T7363 |
26862-26865 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T7364 |
26881-26890 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T7365 |
26866-26868 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7366 |
26869-26880 |
RB |
denotes |
transiently |
T7367 |
26956-26962 |
VBP |
denotes |
reveal |
T7368 |
26891-26893 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7369 |
26894-26897 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7370 |
26909-26914 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T7371 |
26898-26908 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T7372 |
26914-26915 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T7373 |
26916-26918 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T7374 |
26919-26924 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T7375 |
26924-26926 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7376 |
26926-26936 |
JJ |
denotes |
transverse |
T7377 |
26947-26955 |
NNS |
denotes |
sections |
T7378 |
26937-26946 |
JJ |
denotes |
abdominal |
T7379 |
26963-26970 |
NNS |
denotes |
domains |
T7380 |
26971-26973 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7381 |
26974-26977 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7382 |
26985-26989 |
NN |
denotes |
tube |
T7383 |
26978-26984 |
JJ |
denotes |
neural |
T7384 |
26989-26991 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7385 |
26991-26997 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T7386 |
26998-27005 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T7387 |
26997-26998 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7388 |
27006-27016 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T7389 |
27016-27018 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7390 |
27018-27021 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7391 |
27022-27025 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7392 |
27039-27043 |
NN |
denotes |
wall |
T7393 |
27026-27033 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7394 |
27034-27038 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T7395 |
27044-27045 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7396 |
27045-27051 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T7397 |
27052-27054 |
CD |
denotes |
8C |
T7398 |
27054-27055 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7399 |
27055-27056 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7400 |
27056-27367 |
sentence |
denotes |
An adjacent section hybridized with Tbx15 reveals a complementary pattern in the flank, which provides additional evidence for developmental mechanisms that establish a pigmentation boundary entirely within lateral plate mesoderm and independent of lineage restrictions imposed by the lateral somitic frontier. |
T7401 |
27057-27059 |
DT |
denotes |
An |
T7402 |
27069-27076 |
NN |
denotes |
section |
T7403 |
27060-27068 |
JJ |
denotes |
adjacent |
T7404 |
27099-27106 |
VBZ |
denotes |
reveals |
T7405 |
27077-27087 |
VBN |
denotes |
hybridized |
T7406 |
27088-27092 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T7407 |
27093-27098 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7408 |
27107-27108 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7409 |
27123-27130 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T7410 |
27109-27122 |
JJ |
denotes |
complementary |
T7411 |
27131-27133 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7412 |
27134-27137 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7413 |
27138-27143 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T7414 |
27143-27145 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7415 |
27145-27150 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T7416 |
27151-27159 |
VBZ |
denotes |
provides |
T7417 |
27160-27170 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T7418 |
27171-27179 |
NN |
denotes |
evidence |
T7419 |
27180-27183 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T7420 |
27184-27197 |
JJ |
denotes |
developmental |
T7421 |
27198-27208 |
NNS |
denotes |
mechanisms |
T7422 |
27209-27213 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7423 |
27214-27223 |
VBP |
denotes |
establish |
T7424 |
27224-27225 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7425 |
27239-27247 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7426 |
27226-27238 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7427 |
27248-27256 |
RB |
denotes |
entirely |
T7428 |
27257-27263 |
IN |
denotes |
within |
T7429 |
27264-27271 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7430 |
27272-27277 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7431 |
27278-27286 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T7432 |
27287-27290 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7433 |
27291-27302 |
JJ |
denotes |
independent |
T7434 |
27303-27305 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7435 |
27306-27313 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T7436 |
27314-27326 |
NNS |
denotes |
restrictions |
T7437 |
27327-27334 |
VBN |
denotes |
imposed |
T7438 |
27335-27337 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7439 |
27338-27341 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7440 |
27358-27366 |
NN |
denotes |
frontier |
T7441 |
27342-27349 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7442 |
27350-27357 |
JJ |
denotes |
somitic |
T7443 |
27366-27367 |
. |
denotes |
. |
R1559 |
T2551 |
T2549 |
pobj |
Differences,of |
R1560 |
T2552 |
T2551 |
compound |
Skin,Differences |
R1563 |
T2557 |
T2554 |
pobj |
change,Besides |
R1564 |
T2558 |
T2557 |
amod |
obvious,change |
R1569 |
T2563 |
T2557 |
relcl |
distinguishes,change |
R1570 |
T2564 |
T2563 |
advmod |
frequently,distinguishes |
R1616 |
T2612 |
T2601 |
cc |
as,number |
R1617 |
T2613 |
T2612 |
advmod |
well,as |
R1637 |
T2635 |
T2637 |
compound |
at,animals |
R1638 |
T2636 |
T2635 |
punct |
/,at |
R1643 |
T2641 |
T2639 |
amod |
colored,from |
R1644 |
T2642 |
T2641 |
punct |
-,colored |
R1647 |
T2645 |
T2643 |
amod |
yellow,to |
R1648 |
T2646 |
T2645 |
punct |
-,yellow |
R1660 |
T2658 |
T2656 |
pobj |
axis,along |
R1661 |
T2659 |
T2658 |
amod |
dorsoventral,axis |
R1678 |
T2678 |
T2676 |
pobj |
genotypes,of |
R1679 |
T2679 |
T2678 |
compound |
Agouti,genotypes |
R1694 |
T2696 |
T2684 |
ccomp |
coincides,reveal |
R1695 |
T2697 |
T2698 |
det |
the,boundary |
R1696 |
T2698 |
T2696 |
nsubj |
boundary,coincides |
R1697 |
T2699 |
T2698 |
amod |
apparent,boundary |
R1698 |
T2700 |
T2698 |
amod |
sharp,boundary |
R1699 |
T2701 |
T2698 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R1700 |
T2702 |
T2703 |
amod |
dorsal,compartments |
R1701 |
T2703 |
T2701 |
pobj |
compartments,between |
R1702 |
T2704 |
T2702 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R1703 |
T2705 |
T2702 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R1704 |
T2706 |
T2703 |
compound |
pigment,compartments |
R1705 |
T2707 |
T2698 |
prep |
in,boundary |
R1706 |
T2708 |
T2709 |
compound |
at,at |
R1708 |
T2710 |
T2709 |
punct |
/,at |
R1709 |
T2711 |
T2707 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R1712 |
T2714 |
T2712 |
pobj |
change,with |
R1713 |
T2715 |
T2716 |
advmod |
more,gradual |
R1714 |
T2716 |
T2714 |
amod |
gradual,change |
R1717 |
T2719 |
T2717 |
pobj |
color,in |
R1718 |
T2720 |
T2719 |
compound |
hair,color |
R1723 |
T2725 |
T2696 |
parataxis |
1A,coincides |
R1724 |
T2726 |
T2725 |
nmod |
Figure,1A |
R1747 |
T2751 |
T2753 |
compound |
at,mice |
R1748 |
T2752 |
T2751 |
punct |
/,at |
R1792 |
T2799 |
T2804 |
advcl |
varies,are |
R1793 |
T2800 |
T2801 |
compound |
hair,cycle |
R1795 |
T2802 |
T2801 |
punct |
-,cycle |
R1796 |
T2803 |
T2799 |
nsubj |
timing,varies |
R1799 |
T2807 |
T2805 |
pobj |
axis,along |
R1800 |
T2808 |
T2807 |
amod |
rostrocaudal,axis |
R1805 |
T2813 |
T2811 |
pobj |
length,of |
R1806 |
T2814 |
T2813 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1827 |
T2837 |
T2835 |
pobj |
length,of |
R1828 |
T2838 |
T2837 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1859 |
T2871 |
T2865 |
ccomp |
stereotyped,indicate |
R1860 |
T2872 |
T2871 |
nsubj |
variation,stereotyped |
R1861 |
T2873 |
T2872 |
prep |
of,variation |
R1862 |
T2874 |
T2875 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1863 |
T2875 |
T2873 |
pobj |
length,of |
R1864 |
T2876 |
T2872 |
prep |
along,variation |
R1865 |
T2877 |
T2878 |
det |
the,axis |
R1867 |
T2879 |
T2878 |
amod |
dorsoventral,axis |
R1868 |
T2880 |
T2871 |
aux |
is,stereotyped |
R1873 |
T2885 |
T2883 |
pobj |
cycles,through |
R1874 |
T2886 |
T2885 |
compound |
hair,cycles |
R1888 |
T2900 |
T2898 |
dobj |
transition,encompasses |
R1889 |
T2901 |
T2902 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R1891 |
T2903 |
T2902 |
punct |
-,type |
R1894 |
T2906 |
T2908 |
compound |
at,mice |
R1895 |
T2907 |
T2906 |
punct |
/,at |
R1899 |
T2912 |
T2915 |
nsubj |
skin,develop |
R1900 |
T2913 |
T2911 |
cc |
and,Dorsal |
R1901 |
T2914 |
T2911 |
conj |
ventral,Dorsal |
R1918 |
T2934 |
T2923 |
dobj |
follicles,exhibit |
R1919 |
T2935 |
T2934 |
compound |
hair,follicles |
R1923 |
T2939 |
T2937 |
acomp |
developed,are |
R1924 |
T2940 |
T2939 |
advmod |
more,developed |
R1927 |
T2943 |
T2941 |
pobj |
follicles,than |
R1928 |
T2944 |
T2943 |
compound |
hair,follicles |
R1933 |
T2949 |
T2947 |
pobj |
decrease,with |
R1934 |
T2950 |
T2949 |
amod |
gradual,decrease |
R1935 |
T2951 |
T2949 |
amod |
dorsoventral,decrease |
R1952 |
T2970 |
T2972 |
nummod |
4,wk |
R1953 |
T2971 |
T2970 |
punct |
–,4 |
R1967 |
T2985 |
T2962 |
conj |
is,disappear |
R1968 |
T2986 |
T2985 |
punct |
", ",is |
R1969 |
T2987 |
T2988 |
det |
the,proportion |
R1970 |
T2988 |
T2985 |
nsubj |
proportion,is |
R1971 |
T2989 |
T2988 |
prep |
of,proportion |
R1972 |
T2990 |
T2991 |
amod |
different,types |
R1974 |
T2992 |
T2991 |
compound |
hair,types |
R1987 |
T3007 |
T3009 |
amod |
matched,mice |
R1988 |
T3008 |
T3007 |
punct |
-,matched |
R1989 |
T3009 |
T3004 |
pobj |
mice,In |
R1990 |
T3010 |
T3009 |
amod |
inbred,mice |
R1994 |
T3014 |
T3005 |
dobj |
decrease,observed |
R1995 |
T3015 |
T3014 |
amod |
small,decrease |
R2031 |
T3051 |
T3049 |
attr |
difference,was |
R2032 |
T3052 |
T3051 |
amod |
consistent,difference |
R2035 |
T3055 |
T3057 |
compound |
type,distribution |
R2036 |
T3056 |
T3055 |
punct |
-,type |
R2042 |
T3062 |
T3049 |
parataxis |
shown,was |
R2043 |
T3063 |
T3062 |
nsubj |
data,shown |
R2044 |
T3064 |
T3062 |
neg |
not,shown |
R2050 |
T3072 |
T3070 |
pobj |
pigmentation,between |
R2051 |
T3073 |
T3071 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R2052 |
T3074 |
T3071 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R2055 |
T3077 |
T3079 |
compound |
at,mice |
R2056 |
T3078 |
T3077 |
punct |
/,at |
R2062 |
T3084 |
T3086 |
compound |
type,differences |
R2063 |
T3085 |
T3084 |
punct |
-,type |
R2068 |
T3090 |
T3092 |
amod |
specific,expression |
R2069 |
T3091 |
T3090 |
punct |
-,specific |
R2076 |
T3098 |
T3069 |
conj |
have,attributed |
R2077 |
T3099 |
T3097 |
amod |
homozygous,animals |
R2078 |
T3100 |
T3099 |
prep |
for,homozygous |
R2079 |
T3101 |
T3102 |
det |
a,allele |
R2081 |
T3103 |
T3102 |
amod |
null,allele |
R2082 |
T3104 |
T3102 |
prep |
of,allele |
R2083 |
T3105 |
T3104 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R2084 |
T3106 |
T3102 |
punct |
", ",allele |
R2085 |
T3107 |
T3108 |
amod |
extreme,nonagouti |
R2086 |
T3108 |
T3102 |
appos |
nonagouti,allele |
R2087 |
T3109 |
T3108 |
punct |
(,nonagouti |
R2088 |
T3110 |
T3108 |
appos |
ae,nonagouti |
R2089 |
T3111 |
T3108 |
punct |
),nonagouti |
R2090 |
T3112 |
T3098 |
punct |
", ",have |
R2103 |
T3125 |
T3123 |
dobj |
appearance,giving |
R2104 |
T3126 |
T3127 |
advmod |
slightly,paler |
R2105 |
T3127 |
T3125 |
amod |
paler,appearance |
R2108 |
T3130 |
T3128 |
pobj |
coat,to |
R2109 |
T3131 |
T3130 |
amod |
ventral,coat |
R2127 |
T3151 |
T3139 |
dobj |
transition,observed |
R2128 |
T3152 |
T3151 |
amod |
gradual,transition |
R2129 |
T3153 |
T3151 |
amod |
dorsoventral,transition |
R2132 |
T3156 |
T3154 |
pobj |
preparations,in |
R2133 |
T3157 |
T3156 |
compound |
dermis,preparations |
R2136 |
T3160 |
T3158 |
pobj |
mice,from |
R2137 |
T3161 |
T3162 |
compound |
ae,ae |
R2139 |
T3163 |
T3162 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2151 |
T3177 |
T3179 |
compound |
at,mice |
R2152 |
T3178 |
T3177 |
punct |
/,at |
R2155 |
T3181 |
T3171 |
dobj |
transition,reveal |
R2156 |
T3182 |
T3181 |
amod |
abrupt,transition |
R2157 |
T3183 |
T3181 |
amod |
dorsoventral,transition |
R2163 |
T3189 |
T3181 |
relcl |
reflects,transition |
R2164 |
T3190 |
T3189 |
advmod |
probably,reflects |
R2166 |
T3192 |
T3189 |
dobj |
effects,reflects |
R2167 |
T3193 |
T3192 |
amod |
additive,effects |
R2170 |
T3196 |
T3194 |
pobj |
content,of |
R2171 |
T3197 |
T3196 |
compound |
melanin,content |
R2176 |
T3202 |
T3204 |
compound |
ae,mice |
R2177 |
T3203 |
T3202 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2196 |
T3224 |
T3222 |
xcomp |
influenced,likely |
R2197 |
T3225 |
T3224 |
auxpass |
be,influenced |
R2207 |
T3235 |
T3229 |
conj |
environment,number |
R2208 |
T3236 |
T3235 |
amod |
follicular,environment |
R2216 |
T3246 |
T3244 |
pobj |
content,in |
R2217 |
T3247 |
T3246 |
compound |
pigment,content |
R2220 |
T3250 |
T3252 |
compound |
ae,mice |
R2221 |
T3251 |
T3250 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2225 |
T3255 |
T3253 |
pobj |
cycles,throughout |
R2226 |
T3256 |
T3255 |
compound |
hair,cycles |
R2244 |
T3276 |
T3278 |
nummod |
three,characteristics |
R2245 |
T3277 |
T3276 |
advmod |
least,three |
R2255 |
T3287 |
T3289 |
compound |
type,synthesis |
R2256 |
T3288 |
T3287 |
punct |
-,type |
R2278 |
T3536 |
T3535 |
prep |
of,Ventralization |
R2279 |
T3537 |
T3538 |
compound |
Skin,Morphology |
R2280 |
T3538 |
T3536 |
pobj |
Morphology,of |
R2281 |
T3539 |
T3535 |
prep |
by,Ventralization |
R2282 |
T3540 |
T3541 |
det |
the,Mutation |
R2284 |
T3542 |
T3543 |
amod |
droopy,ear |
R2285 |
T3543 |
T3541 |
compound |
ear,Mutation |
R2286 |
T3545 |
T3546 |
advcl |
Named,is |
R2287 |
T3546 |
T3556 |
ccomp |
is,is |
R2288 |
T3547 |
T3545 |
prep |
after,Named |
R2289 |
T3548 |
T3549 |
poss |
its,effects |
R2290 |
T3549 |
T3547 |
pobj |
effects,after |
R2291 |
T3550 |
T3549 |
prep |
on,effects |
R2292 |
T3551 |
T3552 |
amod |
craniofacial,morphology |
R2293 |
T3552 |
T3550 |
pobj |
morphology,on |
R2294 |
T3553 |
T3546 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2295 |
T3554 |
T3555 |
amod |
droopy,ear |
R2296 |
T3555 |
T3546 |
nsubj |
ear,is |
R2297 |
T3557 |
T3558 |
det |
a,mutation |
R2298 |
T3558 |
T3546 |
attr |
mutation,is |
R2299 |
T3559 |
T3558 |
amod |
recessive,mutation |
R2300 |
T3560 |
T3558 |
prep |
on,mutation |
R2301 |
T3561 |
T3562 |
compound |
mouse,Chromosome |
R2302 |
T3562 |
T3560 |
pobj |
Chromosome,on |
R2303 |
T3563 |
T3562 |
nummod |
3,Chromosome |
R2304 |
T3564 |
T3556 |
punct |
;,is |
R2305 |
T3565 |
T3566 |
det |
the,allele |
R2306 |
T3566 |
T3556 |
nsubj |
allele,is |
R2307 |
T3567 |
T3566 |
amod |
original,allele |
R2308 |
T3568 |
T3566 |
acl |
described,allele |
R2309 |
T3569 |
T3570 |
amod |
more,40 |
R2310 |
T3570 |
T3572 |
nummod |
40,years |
R2311 |
T3571 |
T3570 |
quantmod |
than,40 |
R2312 |
T3572 |
T3573 |
npadvmod |
years,ago |
R2313 |
T3573 |
T3568 |
advmod |
ago,described |
R2314 |
T3574 |
T3568 |
agent |
by,described |
R2315 |
T3575 |
T3574 |
pobj |
Curry,by |
R2316 |
T3576 |
T3577 |
punct |
(,1959 |
R2317 |
T3577 |
T3568 |
parataxis |
1959,described |
R2318 |
T3578 |
T3577 |
punct |
),1959 |
R2319 |
T3579 |
T3556 |
acomp |
extinct,is |
R2320 |
T3580 |
T3556 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2321 |
T3581 |
T3556 |
cc |
but,is |
R2322 |
T3582 |
T3583 |
det |
a,remutation |
R2323 |
T3583 |
T3585 |
nsubj |
remutation,is |
R2324 |
T3584 |
T3583 |
amod |
spontaneous,remutation |
R2325 |
T3585 |
T3556 |
conj |
is,is |
R2326 |
T3586 |
T3587 |
dep |
that,occurred |
R2327 |
T3587 |
T3583 |
relcl |
occurred,remutation |
R2328 |
T3588 |
T3587 |
prep |
in,occurred |
R2329 |
T3589 |
T3588 |
pobj |
Harwell,in |
R2330 |
T3590 |
T3583 |
punct |
", ",remutation |
R2331 |
T3591 |
T3583 |
appos |
deH,remutation |
R2332 |
T3592 |
T3585 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2333 |
T3593 |
T3585 |
acomp |
available,is |
R2334 |
T3594 |
T3585 |
prep |
through,is |
R2335 |
T3595 |
T3596 |
det |
The,Laboratory |
R2336 |
T3596 |
T3594 |
pobj |
Laboratory,through |
R2337 |
T3597 |
T3596 |
compound |
Jackson,Laboratory |
R2338 |
T3598 |
T3599 |
punct |
(,Harbor |
R2339 |
T3599 |
T3585 |
parataxis |
Harbor,is |
R2340 |
T3600 |
T3599 |
compound |
Bar,Harbor |
R2341 |
T3601 |
T3599 |
punct |
", ",Harbor |
R2342 |
T3602 |
T3599 |
npadvmod |
Maine,Harbor |
R2343 |
T3603 |
T3599 |
punct |
", ",Harbor |
R2344 |
T3604 |
T3605 |
compound |
United,States |
R2345 |
T3605 |
T3599 |
npadvmod |
States,Harbor |
R2346 |
T3606 |
T3599 |
punct |
),Harbor |
R2347 |
T3607 |
T3556 |
punct |
.,is |
R2348 |
T3609 |
T3610 |
amod |
External,malformations |
R2349 |
T3610 |
T3612 |
nsubj |
malformations,are |
R2350 |
T3611 |
T3610 |
amod |
craniofacial,malformations |
R2351 |
T3613 |
T3614 |
det |
the,characteristic |
R2353 |
T3615 |
T3616 |
advmod |
most,obvious |
R2354 |
T3616 |
T3614 |
amod |
obvious,characteristic |
R2355 |
T3617 |
T3614 |
prep |
of,characteristic |
R2356 |
T3618 |
T3619 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2357 |
T3619 |
T3621 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R2358 |
T3620 |
T3619 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2359 |
T3621 |
T3617 |
pobj |
animals,of |
R2360 |
T3622 |
T3612 |
punct |
", ",are |
R2361 |
T3623 |
T3612 |
prep |
including,are |
R2362 |
T3624 |
T3625 |
advmod |
widely,spaced |
R2363 |
T3625 |
T3626 |
amod |
spaced,eyes |
R2364 |
T3626 |
T3623 |
pobj |
eyes,including |
R2365 |
T3627 |
T3626 |
punct |
", ",eyes |
R2366 |
T3628 |
T3629 |
amod |
small,fissures |
R2367 |
T3629 |
T3626 |
conj |
fissures,eyes |
R2368 |
T3630 |
T3629 |
amod |
palpebral,fissures |
R2369 |
T3631 |
T3629 |
punct |
", ",fissures |
R2370 |
T3632 |
T3633 |
det |
a,area |
R2372 |
T3634 |
T3633 |
amod |
broad,area |
R2373 |
T3635 |
T3633 |
amod |
nasal,area |
R2374 |
T3636 |
T3633 |
punct |
", ",area |
R2375 |
T3637 |
T3633 |
cc |
and,area |
R2376 |
T3638 |
T3639 |
det |
a,skull |
R2377 |
T3639 |
T3633 |
conj |
skull,area |
R2378 |
T3640 |
T3639 |
amod |
shortened,skull |
R2379 |
T3641 |
T3639 |
acl |
held,skull |
R2380 |
T3642 |
T3641 |
prep |
in,held |
R2381 |
T3643 |
T3644 |
det |
an,position |
R2382 |
T3644 |
T3642 |
pobj |
position,in |
R2383 |
T3645 |
T3644 |
amod |
elevated,position |
R2384 |
T3646 |
T3639 |
punct |
", ",skull |
R2385 |
T3647 |
T3648 |
dep |
which,causes |
R2386 |
T3648 |
T3639 |
relcl |
causes,skull |
R2387 |
T3649 |
T3648 |
advmod |
presumably,causes |
R2388 |
T3650 |
T3648 |
cc |
or,causes |
R2389 |
T3651 |
T3648 |
conj |
contributes,causes |
R2390 |
T3652 |
T3651 |
prep |
to,contributes |
R2391 |
T3653 |
T3654 |
det |
the,position |
R2392 |
T3654 |
T3651 |
dobj |
position,contributes |
R2393 |
T3655 |
T3654 |
amod |
abnormal,position |
R2394 |
T3656 |
T3654 |
prep |
of,position |
R2395 |
T3657 |
T3658 |
det |
the,ears |
R2396 |
T3658 |
T3656 |
pobj |
ears,of |
R2397 |
T3659 |
T3612 |
punct |
.,are |
R2398 |
T3661 |
T3662 |
nsubj |
We,became |
R2399 |
T3662 |
T3663 |
ccomp |
became,comes |
R2400 |
T3664 |
T3662 |
acomp |
interested,became |
R2401 |
T3665 |
T3664 |
prep |
in,interested |
R2402 |
T3666 |
T3667 |
amod |
droopy,ear |
R2403 |
T3667 |
T3665 |
pobj |
ear,in |
R2404 |
T3668 |
T3669 |
mark |
because,described |
R2405 |
T3669 |
T3662 |
advcl |
described,became |
R2406 |
T3670 |
T3671 |
det |
the,allele |
R2407 |
T3671 |
T3669 |
nsubjpass |
allele,described |
R2408 |
T3672 |
T3671 |
amod |
original,allele |
R2409 |
T3673 |
T3669 |
auxpass |
was,described |
R2410 |
T3674 |
T3675 |
aux |
to,affect |
R2411 |
T3675 |
T3669 |
xcomp |
affect,described |
R2412 |
T3676 |
T3677 |
compound |
pigment,pattern |
R2413 |
T3677 |
T3675 |
dobj |
pattern,affect |
R2414 |
T3678 |
T3675 |
prep |
in,affect |
R2415 |
T3679 |
T3680 |
det |
a,way |
R2416 |
T3680 |
T3678 |
pobj |
way,in |
R2417 |
T3681 |
T3682 |
dep |
that,suggests |
R2418 |
T3682 |
T3680 |
relcl |
suggests,way |
R2419 |
T3683 |
T3684 |
det |
a,transformation |
R2420 |
T3684 |
T3682 |
dobj |
transformation,suggests |
R2421 |
T3685 |
T3684 |
amod |
possible,transformation |
R2422 |
T3686 |
T3684 |
amod |
dorsal,transformation |
R2423 |
T3687 |
T3686 |
prep |
to,dorsal |
R2424 |
T3688 |
T3687 |
amod |
ventral,to |
R2425 |
T3689 |
T3663 |
punct |
: ,comes |
R2426 |
T3690 |
T3663 |
punct |
“,comes |
R2427 |
T3691 |
T3663 |
prep |
On,comes |
R2428 |
T3692 |
T3693 |
det |
a,background |
R2429 |
T3693 |
T3691 |
pobj |
background,On |
R2430 |
T3694 |
T3693 |
amod |
genetic,background |
R2431 |
T3695 |
T3693 |
punct |
(,background |
R2432 |
T3696 |
T3693 |
appos |
at,background |
R2433 |
T3697 |
T3696 |
cc |
and,at |
R2434 |
T3698 |
T3696 |
conj |
AW,at |
R2435 |
T3699 |
T3693 |
punct |
),background |
R2436 |
T3700 |
T3701 |
dep |
which,causes |
R2437 |
T3701 |
T3693 |
relcl |
causes,background |
R2438 |
T3702 |
T3703 |
det |
the,hair |
R2439 |
T3703 |
T3705 |
nsubj |
hair,be |
R2440 |
T3704 |
T3703 |
compound |
belly,hair |
R2441 |
T3705 |
T3701 |
ccomp |
be,causes |
R2442 |
T3706 |
T3705 |
aux |
to,be |
R2443 |
T3707 |
T3705 |
acomp |
lighter,be |
R2444 |
T3708 |
T3707 |
prep |
than,lighter |
R2445 |
T3709 |
T3710 |
det |
the,hair |
R2446 |
T3710 |
T3708 |
pobj |
hair,than |
R2447 |
T3711 |
T3710 |
compound |
back,hair |
R2448 |
T3712 |
T3663 |
punct |
", ",comes |
R2449 |
T3713 |
T3714 |
det |
the,hair |
R2450 |
T3714 |
T3663 |
nsubj |
hair,comes |
R2451 |
T3715 |
T3714 |
compound |
belly,hair |
R2452 |
T3716 |
T3663 |
prt |
up,comes |
R2453 |
T3717 |
T3663 |
advmod |
farther,comes |
R2454 |
T3718 |
T3663 |
prep |
round,comes |
R2455 |
T3719 |
T3720 |
det |
the,sides |
R2456 |
T3720 |
T3718 |
pobj |
sides,round |
R2457 |
T3721 |
T3720 |
prep |
of,sides |
R2458 |
T3722 |
T3723 |
det |
the,body |
R2459 |
T3723 |
T3721 |
pobj |
body,of |
R2460 |
T3724 |
T3723 |
cc |
and,body |
R2461 |
T3725 |
T3723 |
conj |
face,body |
R2462 |
T3726 |
T3663 |
punct |
”,comes |
R2463 |
T3727 |
T3728 |
punct |
(,Curry |
R2464 |
T3728 |
T3663 |
meta |
Curry,comes |
R2465 |
T3729 |
T3728 |
nummod |
1959,Curry |
R2466 |
T3730 |
T3728 |
punct |
),Curry |
R2467 |
T3731 |
T3663 |
punct |
.,comes |
R2468 |
T3733 |
T3734 |
det |
An,pattern |
R2469 |
T3734 |
T3738 |
nsubj |
pattern,is |
R2470 |
T3735 |
T3734 |
amod |
abnormal,pattern |
R2471 |
T3736 |
T3734 |
amod |
dorsoventral,pattern |
R2472 |
T3737 |
T3734 |
compound |
pigment,pattern |
R2473 |
T3739 |
T3740 |
advmod |
readily,apparent |
R2474 |
T3740 |
T3738 |
acomp |
apparent,is |
R2475 |
T3741 |
T3738 |
prep |
in,is |
R2476 |
T3742 |
T3743 |
nmod |
at,at |
R2477 |
T3743 |
T3745 |
nmod |
at,mice |
R2478 |
T3744 |
T3743 |
punct |
/,at |
R2479 |
T3745 |
T3741 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R2480 |
T3746 |
T3743 |
punct |
;,at |
R2481 |
T3747 |
T3748 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2482 |
T3748 |
T3743 |
appos |
deH,at |
R2483 |
T3749 |
T3748 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2484 |
T3750 |
T3738 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2485 |
T3751 |
T3738 |
cc |
but,is |
R2486 |
T3752 |
T3753 |
nsubjpass |
comparison,described |
R2487 |
T3753 |
T3738 |
conj |
described,is |
R2488 |
T3754 |
T3752 |
prep |
to,comparison |
R2489 |
T3755 |
T3756 |
amod |
nonmutant,animals |
R2490 |
T3756 |
T3754 |
pobj |
animals,to |
R2491 |
T3757 |
T3753 |
auxpass |
is,described |
R2492 |
T3758 |
T3759 |
advmod |
more,accurately |
R2493 |
T3759 |
T3753 |
advmod |
accurately,described |
R2494 |
T3760 |
T3753 |
prep |
in,described |
R2495 |
T3761 |
T3760 |
pobj |
terms,in |
R2496 |
T3762 |
T3761 |
prep |
of,terms |
R2497 |
T3763 |
T3764 |
amod |
ventral,regions |
R2498 |
T3764 |
T3762 |
pobj |
regions,of |
R2499 |
T3765 |
T3763 |
punct |
", ",ventral |
R2500 |
T3766 |
T3763 |
conj |
lateral,ventral |
R2501 |
T3767 |
T3766 |
punct |
", ",lateral |
R2502 |
T3768 |
T3766 |
cc |
and,lateral |
R2503 |
T3769 |
T3766 |
conj |
dorsal,lateral |
R2504 |
T3770 |
T3771 |
punct |
(,1G |
R2505 |
T3771 |
T3753 |
parataxis |
1G,described |
R2506 |
T3772 |
T3771 |
nmod |
Figures,1G |
R2507 |
T3773 |
T3771 |
cc |
and,1G |
R2508 |
T3774 |
T3771 |
conj |
2A,1G |
R2509 |
T3775 |
T3771 |
punct |
),1G |
R2510 |
T3776 |
T3753 |
punct |
.,described |
R2511 |
T3778 |
T3779 |
det |
The,region |
R2512 |
T3779 |
T3781 |
nsubj |
region,has |
R2513 |
T3780 |
T3779 |
amod |
ventral,region |
R2514 |
T3781 |
T3782 |
ccomp |
has,are |
R2515 |
T3783 |
T3784 |
amod |
short,hairs |
R2516 |
T3784 |
T3781 |
dobj |
hairs,has |
R2517 |
T3785 |
T3784 |
prep |
with,hairs |
R2518 |
T3786 |
T3787 |
det |
a,base |
R2519 |
T3787 |
T3785 |
pobj |
base,with |
R2520 |
T3788 |
T3787 |
amod |
gray,base |
R2521 |
T3789 |
T3787 |
cc |
and,base |
R2522 |
T3790 |
T3791 |
npadvmod |
cream,colored |
R2523 |
T3791 |
T3793 |
amod |
colored,tip |
R2524 |
T3792 |
T3791 |
punct |
-,colored |
R2525 |
T3793 |
T3787 |
conj |
tip,base |
R2526 |
T3794 |
T3795 |
poss |
whose,boundary |
R2527 |
T3795 |
T3796 |
dep |
boundary,coincides |
R2528 |
T3796 |
T3784 |
relcl |
coincides,hairs |
R2529 |
T3797 |
T3796 |
prep |
with,coincides |
R2530 |
T3798 |
T3799 |
det |
the,junction |
R2531 |
T3799 |
T3797 |
pobj |
junction,with |
R2532 |
T3800 |
T3801 |
compound |
limb,body |
R2533 |
T3801 |
T3799 |
compound |
body,junction |
R2534 |
T3802 |
T3801 |
punct |
–,body |
R2535 |
T3803 |
T3799 |
compound |
wall,junction |
R2536 |
T3804 |
T3782 |
punct |
;,are |
R2537 |
T3805 |
T3806 |
preconj |
both,appearance |
R2538 |
T3806 |
T3782 |
nsubj |
appearance,are |
R2539 |
T3807 |
T3806 |
det |
the,appearance |
R2540 |
T3808 |
T3806 |
prep |
of,appearance |
R2541 |
T3809 |
T3810 |
det |
this,region |
R2542 |
T3810 |
T3808 |
pobj |
region,of |
R2543 |
T3811 |
T3806 |
cc |
and,appearance |
R2544 |
T3812 |
T3806 |
conj |
position,appearance |
R2545 |
T3813 |
T3812 |
prep |
of,position |
R2546 |
T3814 |
T3815 |
det |
the,boundary |
R2547 |
T3815 |
T3813 |
pobj |
boundary,of |
R2548 |
T3816 |
T3817 |
advmod |
approximately,similar |
R2549 |
T3817 |
T3782 |
acomp |
similar,are |
R2550 |
T3818 |
T3782 |
prep |
in,are |
R2551 |
T3819 |
T3820 |
nmod |
at,at |
R2552 |
T3820 |
T3822 |
nmod |
at,mice |
R2553 |
T3821 |
T3820 |
punct |
/,at |
R2554 |
T3822 |
T3818 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R2555 |
T3823 |
T3820 |
prep |
compared,at |
R2556 |
T3824 |
T3823 |
prep |
to,compared |
R2557 |
T3825 |
T3826 |
compound |
at,at |
R2558 |
T3826 |
T3824 |
pobj |
at,to |
R2559 |
T3827 |
T3826 |
punct |
/,at |
R2560 |
T3828 |
T3826 |
punct |
;,at |
R2561 |
T3829 |
T3830 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2562 |
T3830 |
T3826 |
appos |
deH,at |
R2563 |
T3831 |
T3830 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2564 |
T3832 |
T3782 |
punct |
.,are |
R2565 |
T3834 |
T3835 |
det |
The,region |
R2566 |
T3835 |
T3837 |
nsubj |
region,contains |
R2567 |
T3836 |
T3835 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R2568 |
T3837 |
T3838 |
ccomp |
contains,appears |
R2569 |
T3839 |
T3840 |
amod |
yellow,hairs |
R2570 |
T3840 |
T3837 |
dobj |
hairs,contains |
R2571 |
T3841 |
T3840 |
prep |
of,hairs |
R2572 |
T3842 |
T3843 |
advmod |
progressively,increasing |
R2573 |
T3843 |
T3844 |
amod |
increasing,length |
R2574 |
T3844 |
T3841 |
pobj |
length,of |
R2575 |
T3845 |
T3838 |
punct |
;,appears |
R2576 |
T3846 |
T3838 |
prep |
in,appears |
R2577 |
T3847 |
T3848 |
compound |
at,at |
R2578 |
T3848 |
T3850 |
compound |
at,mice |
R2579 |
T3849 |
T3848 |
punct |
/,at |
R2580 |
T3850 |
T3846 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R2581 |
T3851 |
T3838 |
punct |
", ",appears |
R2582 |
T3852 |
T3853 |
det |
the,region |
R2583 |
T3853 |
T3838 |
nsubj |
region,appears |
R2584 |
T3854 |
T3853 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R2585 |
T3855 |
T3838 |
prep |
as,appears |
R2586 |
T3856 |
T3857 |
det |
a,stripe |
R2588 |
T3858 |
T3857 |
amod |
thin,stripe |
R2589 |
T3859 |
T3857 |
amod |
yellow,stripe |
R2590 |
T3860 |
T3838 |
prep |
along,appears |
R2591 |
T3861 |
T3862 |
det |
the,flank |
R2592 |
T3862 |
T3860 |
pobj |
flank,along |
R2593 |
T3863 |
T3838 |
punct |
", ",appears |
R2594 |
T3864 |
T3838 |
cc |
but,appears |
R2595 |
T3865 |
T3866 |
prep |
in,is |
R2596 |
T3866 |
T3838 |
conj |
is,appears |
R2597 |
T3867 |
T3868 |
nmod |
at,at |
R2598 |
T3868 |
T3870 |
nmod |
at,mice |
R2599 |
T3869 |
T3868 |
punct |
/,at |
R2600 |
T3870 |
T3865 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R2601 |
T3871 |
T3868 |
punct |
;,at |
R2602 |
T3872 |
T3873 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2603 |
T3873 |
T3868 |
appos |
deH,at |
R2604 |
T3874 |
T3873 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2605 |
T3875 |
T3866 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2606 |
T3876 |
T3877 |
det |
the,region |
R2607 |
T3877 |
T3866 |
nsubj |
region,is |
R2608 |
T3878 |
T3877 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R2609 |
T3879 |
T3880 |
advmod |
considerably,expanded |
R2610 |
T3880 |
T3866 |
acomp |
expanded,is |
R2611 |
T3881 |
T3866 |
prep |
with,is |
R2612 |
T3882 |
T3883 |
det |
a,boundary |
R2613 |
T3883 |
T3881 |
pobj |
boundary,with |
R2614 |
T3884 |
T3883 |
amod |
diffuse,boundary |
R2615 |
T3885 |
T3883 |
prep |
along,boundary |
R2616 |
T3886 |
T3887 |
det |
the,flank |
R2617 |
T3887 |
T3885 |
pobj |
flank,along |
R2618 |
T3888 |
T3887 |
amod |
dorsal,flank |
R2619 |
T3889 |
T3883 |
punct |
", ",boundary |
R2620 |
T3890 |
T3883 |
cc |
and,boundary |
R2621 |
T3891 |
T3892 |
det |
a,region |
R2623 |
T3893 |
T3892 |
amod |
dorsal,region |
R2624 |
T3894 |
T3892 |
amod |
eumelanic,region |
R2625 |
T3895 |
T3896 |
poss |
whose,size |
R2626 |
T3896 |
T3897 |
dep |
size,reduced |
R2628 |
T3898 |
T3897 |
auxpass |
is,reduced |
R2629 |
T3899 |
T3897 |
advmod |
correspondingly,reduced |
R2630 |
T3900 |
T3901 |
punct |
(,2A |
R2631 |
T3901 |
T3866 |
parataxis |
2A,is |
R2632 |
T3902 |
T3901 |
nmod |
Figure,2A |
R2633 |
T3903 |
T3901 |
cc |
and,2A |
R2634 |
T3904 |
T3901 |
conj |
2B,2A |
R2635 |
T3905 |
T3901 |
punct |
),2A |
R2636 |
T3906 |
T3838 |
punct |
.,appears |
R2637 |
T3908 |
T3909 |
amod |
Total,size |
R2638 |
T3909 |
T3911 |
nsubj |
size,is |
R2639 |
T3910 |
T3909 |
compound |
body,size |
R2640 |
T3912 |
T3911 |
acomp |
smaller,is |
R2641 |
T3913 |
T3911 |
prep |
in,is |
R2642 |
T3914 |
T3913 |
pobj |
mutant,in |
R2643 |
T3915 |
T3914 |
prep |
compared,mutant |
R2644 |
T3916 |
T3915 |
prep |
to,compared |
R2645 |
T3917 |
T3916 |
pobj |
nonmutant,to |
R2646 |
T3918 |
T3914 |
appos |
animals,mutant |
R2647 |
T3919 |
T3911 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2648 |
T3920 |
T3911 |
cc |
but,is |
R2649 |
T3921 |
T3922 |
det |
the,proportion |
R2650 |
T3922 |
T3923 |
nsubjpass |
proportion,increased |
R2651 |
T3923 |
T3911 |
conj |
increased,is |
R2652 |
T3924 |
T3922 |
prep |
of,proportion |
R2653 |
T3925 |
T3926 |
compound |
body,circumference |
R2654 |
T3926 |
T3924 |
pobj |
circumference,of |
R2655 |
T3927 |
T3922 |
acl |
occupied,proportion |
R2656 |
T3928 |
T3927 |
agent |
by,occupied |
R2657 |
T3929 |
T3930 |
det |
the,region |
R2658 |
T3930 |
T3928 |
pobj |
region,by |
R2659 |
T3931 |
T3930 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R2660 |
T3932 |
T3927 |
prep |
in,occupied |
R2661 |
T3933 |
T3934 |
amod |
mutant,animals |
R2662 |
T3934 |
T3932 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R2663 |
T3935 |
T3923 |
auxpass |
is,increased |
R2664 |
T3936 |
T3937 |
advmod |
about,2 |
R2665 |
T3937 |
T3938 |
quantmod |
2,fold |
R2666 |
T3938 |
T3923 |
advmod |
fold,increased |
R2667 |
T3939 |
T3938 |
punct |
-,fold |
R2668 |
T3940 |
T3923 |
punct |
", ",increased |
R2669 |
T3941 |
T3923 |
prep |
from,increased |
R2670 |
T3942 |
T3943 |
nummod |
11.9,% |
R2671 |
T3943 |
T3941 |
pobj |
%,from |
R2672 |
T3944 |
T3923 |
prep |
to,increased |
R2673 |
T3945 |
T3946 |
nummod |
22.2,% |
R2674 |
T3946 |
T3944 |
pobj |
%,to |
R2675 |
T3947 |
T3948 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R2676 |
T3948 |
T3923 |
parataxis |
Figure,increased |
R2677 |
T3949 |
T3948 |
nummod |
2C,Figure |
R2678 |
T3950 |
T3948 |
punct |
),Figure |
R2679 |
T3951 |
T3923 |
punct |
.,increased |
R2680 |
T3953 |
T3954 |
det |
The,proportion |
R2681 |
T3954 |
T3955 |
nsubjpass |
proportion,expanded |
R2682 |
T3956 |
T3954 |
prep |
of,proportion |
R2683 |
T3957 |
T3958 |
det |
the,region |
R2684 |
T3958 |
T3956 |
pobj |
region,of |
R2685 |
T3959 |
T3958 |
amod |
ventral,region |
R2686 |
T3960 |
T3961 |
npadvmod |
cream,colored |
R2687 |
T3961 |
T3958 |
amod |
colored,region |
R2688 |
T3962 |
T3961 |
punct |
-,colored |
R2689 |
T3963 |
T3955 |
auxpass |
is,expanded |
R2690 |
T3964 |
T3955 |
advmod |
also,expanded |
R2691 |
T3965 |
T3966 |
det |
a,amount |
R2692 |
T3966 |
T3955 |
npadvmod |
amount,expanded |
R2693 |
T3967 |
T3966 |
amod |
small,amount |
R2694 |
T3968 |
T3966 |
punct |
", ",amount |
R2695 |
T3969 |
T3970 |
nummod |
47.9,% |
R2696 |
T3970 |
T3966 |
appos |
%,amount |
R2697 |
T3971 |
T3955 |
prep |
in,expanded |
R2698 |
T3972 |
T3971 |
pobj |
mutant,in |
R2699 |
T3973 |
T3955 |
prep |
compared,expanded |
R2700 |
T3974 |
T3973 |
prep |
to,compared |
R2701 |
T3975 |
T3976 |
nummod |
37.8,% |
R2702 |
T3976 |
T3974 |
pobj |
%,to |
R2703 |
T3977 |
T3976 |
prep |
in,% |
R2704 |
T3978 |
T3977 |
pobj |
nonmutant,in |
R2705 |
T3979 |
T3955 |
dobj |
animals,expanded |
R2706 |
T3980 |
T3955 |
punct |
", ",expanded |
R2707 |
T3981 |
T3955 |
cc |
but,expanded |
R2708 |
T3982 |
T3983 |
nsubj |
expansion,is |
R2709 |
T3983 |
T3955 |
conj |
is,expanded |
R2710 |
T3984 |
T3982 |
prep |
of,expansion |
R2711 |
T3985 |
T3986 |
det |
the,region |
R2712 |
T3986 |
T3984 |
pobj |
region,of |
R2713 |
T3987 |
T3986 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R2714 |
T3988 |
T3982 |
punct |
", ",expansion |
R2715 |
T3989 |
T3990 |
dep |
which,occurs |
R2716 |
T3990 |
T3982 |
relcl |
occurs,expansion |
R2717 |
T3991 |
T3990 |
prep |
at,occurs |
R2718 |
T3992 |
T3993 |
det |
all,levels |
R2719 |
T3993 |
T3991 |
pobj |
levels,at |
R2720 |
T3994 |
T3993 |
prep |
of,levels |
R2721 |
T3995 |
T3996 |
det |
the,body |
R2722 |
T3996 |
T3994 |
pobj |
body,of |
R2723 |
T3997 |
T3993 |
punct |
", ",levels |
R2724 |
T3998 |
T3993 |
prep |
including,levels |
R2725 |
T3999 |
T4000 |
det |
the,limbs |
R2726 |
T4000 |
T3998 |
pobj |
limbs,including |
R2727 |
T4001 |
T4000 |
cc |
and,limbs |
R2728 |
T4002 |
T4003 |
det |
the,cranium |
R2729 |
T4003 |
T4000 |
conj |
cranium,limbs |
R2730 |
T4004 |
T4000 |
punct |
(,limbs |
R2731 |
T4005 |
T4000 |
cc |
but,limbs |
R2732 |
T4006 |
T4005 |
neg |
not,but |
R2733 |
T4007 |
T4008 |
det |
the,pad |
R2734 |
T4008 |
T4000 |
conj |
pad,limbs |
R2735 |
T4009 |
T4008 |
compound |
whisker,pad |
R2736 |
T4010 |
T4008 |
punct |
),pad |
R2737 |
T4011 |
T3983 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2738 |
T4012 |
T4013 |
det |
the,feature |
R2739 |
T4013 |
T3983 |
attr |
feature,is |
R2740 |
T4014 |
T4013 |
amod |
major,feature |
R2741 |
T4015 |
T4013 |
amod |
responsible,feature |
R2742 |
T4016 |
T4015 |
prep |
for,responsible |
R2743 |
T4017 |
T4018 |
det |
the,appearance |
R2744 |
T4018 |
T4016 |
pobj |
appearance,for |
R2745 |
T4019 |
T4018 |
amod |
ventralized,appearance |
R2746 |
T4020 |
T4018 |
acl |
caused,appearance |
R2747 |
T4021 |
T4020 |
agent |
by,caused |
R2748 |
T4022 |
T4021 |
pobj |
deH,by |
R2749 |
T4023 |
T3983 |
punct |
.,is |
R2750 |
T4025 |
T4026 |
aux |
To,investigate |
R2751 |
T4026 |
T4027 |
advcl |
investigate,examined |
R2752 |
T4028 |
T4029 |
mark |
whether,affects |
R2753 |
T4029 |
T4026 |
ccomp |
affects,investigate |
R2754 |
T4030 |
T4029 |
nsubj |
deH,affects |
R2755 |
T4031 |
T4032 |
amod |
other,characteristics |
R2757 |
T4033 |
T4032 |
amod |
dorsoventral,characteristics |
R2758 |
T4034 |
T4032 |
compound |
skin,characteristics |
R2759 |
T4035 |
T4032 |
prep |
besides,characteristics |
R2760 |
T4036 |
T4037 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R2761 |
T4037 |
T4035 |
pobj |
type,besides |
R2762 |
T4038 |
T4037 |
punct |
-,type |
R2763 |
T4039 |
T4037 |
amod |
switching,type |
R2764 |
T4040 |
T4027 |
punct |
", ",examined |
R2765 |
T4041 |
T4027 |
nsubj |
we,examined |
R2766 |
T4042 |
T4043 |
poss |
its,effects |
R2767 |
T4043 |
T4027 |
dobj |
effects,examined |
R2768 |
T4044 |
T4043 |
prep |
on,effects |
R2769 |
T4045 |
T4046 |
compound |
hair,length |
R2770 |
T4046 |
T4044 |
pobj |
length,on |
R2771 |
T4047 |
T4046 |
cc |
and,length |
R2772 |
T4048 |
T4046 |
conj |
pigmentation,length |
R2773 |
T4049 |
T4027 |
prep |
in,examined |
R2774 |
T4050 |
T4051 |
det |
an,background |
R2775 |
T4051 |
T4049 |
pobj |
background,in |
R2776 |
T4052 |
T4053 |
compound |
ae,ae |
R2777 |
T4053 |
T4051 |
compound |
ae,background |
R2778 |
T4054 |
T4053 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2779 |
T4055 |
T4027 |
punct |
.,examined |
R2780 |
T4057 |
T4058 |
advmod |
Overall,causes |
R2782 |
T4059 |
T4058 |
punct |
", ",causes |
R2783 |
T4060 |
T4058 |
nsubj |
deH,causes |
R2784 |
T4062 |
T4063 |
det |
a,reduction |
R2785 |
T4063 |
T4058 |
dobj |
reduction,causes |
R2786 |
T4064 |
T4063 |
amod |
small,reduction |
R2787 |
T4065 |
T4064 |
cc |
but,small |
R2788 |
T4066 |
T4064 |
conj |
consistent,small |
R2789 |
T4067 |
T4063 |
prep |
in,reduction |
R2790 |
T4068 |
T4069 |
compound |
hair,length |
R2791 |
T4069 |
T4067 |
pobj |
length,in |
R2792 |
T4070 |
T4058 |
prep |
in,causes |
R2793 |
T4071 |
T4072 |
preconj |
both,dorsum |
R2794 |
T4072 |
T4070 |
pobj |
dorsum,in |
R2795 |
T4073 |
T4072 |
cc |
and,dorsum |
R2796 |
T4074 |
T4072 |
conj |
ventrum,dorsum |
R2797 |
T4075 |
T4061 |
punct |
;,is |
R2798 |
T4076 |
T4077 |
advmod |
when,normalized |
R2799 |
T4077 |
T4061 |
advcl |
normalized,is |
R2800 |
T4078 |
T4079 |
amod |
mutant,animals |
R2801 |
T4079 |
T4077 |
nsubjpass |
animals,normalized |
R2802 |
T4080 |
T4078 |
cc |
and,mutant |
R2803 |
T4081 |
T4078 |
conj |
nonmutant,mutant |
R2804 |
T4082 |
T4077 |
auxpass |
are,normalized |
R2805 |
T4083 |
T4077 |
prep |
for,normalized |
R2806 |
T4084 |
T4085 |
compound |
body,circumference |
R2807 |
T4085 |
T4083 |
pobj |
circumference,for |
R2808 |
T4086 |
T4061 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2809 |
T4087 |
T4088 |
amod |
reduced,length |
R2810 |
T4088 |
T4061 |
nsubj |
length,is |
R2811 |
T4089 |
T4088 |
compound |
hair,length |
R2812 |
T4090 |
T4091 |
advmod |
most,apparent |
R2813 |
T4091 |
T4061 |
acomp |
apparent,is |
R2814 |
T4092 |
T4061 |
prep |
in,is |
R2815 |
T4093 |
T4094 |
det |
the,region |
R2816 |
T4094 |
T4092 |
pobj |
region,in |
R2817 |
T4095 |
T4094 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R2818 |
T4096 |
T4097 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R2819 |
T4097 |
T4061 |
parataxis |
Figure,is |
R2820 |
T4098 |
T4097 |
nummod |
2E,Figure |
R2821 |
T4099 |
T4097 |
punct |
),Figure |
R2822 |
T4100 |
T4061 |
punct |
.,is |
R2823 |
T4102 |
T4103 |
amod |
Adult,animals |
R2824 |
T4103 |
T4111 |
nsubj |
animals,exhibit |
R2825 |
T4104 |
T4105 |
nmod |
ae,ae |
R2826 |
T4105 |
T4103 |
nmod |
ae,animals |
R2827 |
T4106 |
T4105 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2828 |
T4107 |
T4105 |
punct |
;,ae |
R2829 |
T4108 |
T4109 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2830 |
T4109 |
T4105 |
appos |
deH,ae |
R2831 |
T4110 |
T4109 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2832 |
T4112 |
T4113 |
compound |
body,size |
R2833 |
T4113 |
T4115 |
compound |
size,reduction |
R2834 |
T4114 |
T4113 |
punct |
-,size |
R2835 |
T4115 |
T4111 |
dobj |
reduction,exhibit |
R2836 |
T4116 |
T4115 |
cc |
and,reduction |
R2837 |
T4117 |
T4118 |
amod |
skeletal,abnormalities |
R2838 |
T4118 |
T4115 |
conj |
abnormalities,reduction |
R2839 |
T4119 |
T4111 |
punct |
", ",exhibit |
R2840 |
T4120 |
T4111 |
cc |
but,exhibit |
R2841 |
T4121 |
T4111 |
conj |
display,exhibit |
R2842 |
T4122 |
T4123 |
det |
no,phenotype |
R2843 |
T4123 |
T4121 |
dobj |
phenotype,display |
R2844 |
T4124 |
T4125 |
compound |
coat,color |
R2845 |
T4125 |
T4123 |
compound |
color,phenotype |
R2846 |
T4126 |
T4125 |
punct |
-,color |
R2847 |
T4127 |
T4128 |
punct |
(,shown |
R2849 |
T4129 |
T4128 |
nsubj |
data,shown |
R2850 |
T4130 |
T4128 |
neg |
not,shown |
R2851 |
T4131 |
T4128 |
punct |
),shown |
R2852 |
T4132 |
T4111 |
punct |
.,exhibit |
R2853 |
T4134 |
T4135 |
advmod |
However,are |
R2854 |
T4136 |
T4135 |
punct |
", ",are |
R2855 |
T4137 |
T4138 |
nmod |
ae,ae |
R2856 |
T4138 |
T4140 |
nmod |
ae,neonates |
R2857 |
T4139 |
T4138 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2858 |
T4140 |
T4135 |
nsubj |
neonates,are |
R2859 |
T4141 |
T4138 |
cc |
and,ae |
R2860 |
T4142 |
T4143 |
nmod |
ae,ae |
R2861 |
T4143 |
T4138 |
conj |
ae,ae |
R2862 |
T4144 |
T4143 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2863 |
T4145 |
T4143 |
punct |
;,ae |
R2864 |
T4146 |
T4147 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2865 |
T4147 |
T4143 |
appos |
deH,ae |
R2866 |
T4148 |
T4147 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2867 |
T4149 |
T4135 |
advmod |
clearly,are |
R2868 |
T4150 |
T4135 |
acomp |
distinguishable,are |
R2869 |
T4151 |
T4135 |
prep |
in,are |
R2870 |
T4152 |
T4153 |
det |
the,days |
R2872 |
T4154 |
T4153 |
amod |
first,days |
R2873 |
T4155 |
T4153 |
amod |
few,days |
R2874 |
T4156 |
T4153 |
prep |
after,days |
R2875 |
T4157 |
T4156 |
pobj |
birth,after |
R2876 |
T4158 |
T4135 |
punct |
", ",are |
R2877 |
T4159 |
T4160 |
advmod |
when,is |
R2878 |
T4160 |
T4135 |
advcl |
is,are |
R2879 |
T4161 |
T4162 |
det |
a,gradient |
R2880 |
T4162 |
T4160 |
nsubj |
gradient,is |
R2881 |
T4163 |
T4162 |
amod |
dorsoventral,gradient |
R2882 |
T4164 |
T4162 |
prep |
of,gradient |
R2883 |
T4165 |
T4166 |
amod |
melanogenic,activity |
R2884 |
T4166 |
T4164 |
pobj |
activity,of |
R2885 |
T4167 |
T4160 |
acomp |
apparent,is |
R2886 |
T4168 |
T4160 |
prep |
under,is |
R2887 |
T4169 |
T4170 |
det |
the,skin |
R2888 |
T4170 |
T4168 |
pobj |
skin,under |
R2889 |
T4171 |
T4172 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R2890 |
T4172 |
T4135 |
parataxis |
Figure,are |
R2891 |
T4173 |
T4172 |
nummod |
2D,Figure |
R2892 |
T4174 |
T4172 |
punct |
),Figure |
R2893 |
T4175 |
T4135 |
punct |
.,are |
R2894 |
T4177 |
T4178 |
prep |
At,is |
R2895 |
T4179 |
T4180 |
det |
this,stage |
R2896 |
T4180 |
T4177 |
pobj |
stage,At |
R2897 |
T4181 |
T4178 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2898 |
T4182 |
T4183 |
compound |
melanoblast,migration |
R2899 |
T4183 |
T4178 |
nsubj |
migration,is |
R2900 |
T4184 |
T4183 |
prep |
from,migration |
R2901 |
T4185 |
T4186 |
det |
the,crest |
R2902 |
T4186 |
T4184 |
pobj |
crest,from |
R2903 |
T4187 |
T4186 |
amod |
neural,crest |
R2904 |
T4188 |
T4189 |
advmod |
mostly,complete |
R2905 |
T4189 |
T4178 |
acomp |
complete,is |
R2906 |
T4190 |
T4178 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2907 |
T4191 |
T4178 |
cc |
but,is |
R2908 |
T4192 |
T4193 |
expl |
there,is |
R2909 |
T4193 |
T4178 |
conj |
is,is |
R2910 |
T4194 |
T4195 |
det |
a,gradient |
R2911 |
T4195 |
T4193 |
attr |
gradient,is |
R2912 |
T4196 |
T4195 |
amod |
dorsoventral,gradient |
R2913 |
T4197 |
T4195 |
prep |
in,gradient |
R2914 |
T4198 |
T4199 |
compound |
melanocyte,differentiation |
R2915 |
T4199 |
T4197 |
pobj |
differentiation,in |
R2916 |
T4200 |
T4199 |
cc |
and,differentiation |
R2917 |
T4201 |
T4202 |
compound |
pigment,synthesis |
R2918 |
T4202 |
T4199 |
conj |
synthesis,differentiation |
R2919 |
T4203 |
T4178 |
punct |
.,is |
R2920 |
T4205 |
T4206 |
det |
The,skin |
R2921 |
T4206 |
T4207 |
nsubj |
skin,appears |
R2922 |
T4208 |
T4206 |
prep |
of,skin |
R2923 |
T4209 |
T4210 |
compound |
ae,ae |
R2924 |
T4210 |
T4212 |
compound |
ae,neonates |
R2925 |
T4211 |
T4210 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2926 |
T4212 |
T4208 |
pobj |
neonates,of |
R2927 |
T4213 |
T4214 |
advmod |
uniformly,dark |
R2928 |
T4214 |
T4207 |
oprd |
dark,appears |
R2929 |
T4215 |
T4207 |
prep |
over,appears |
R2930 |
T4216 |
T4217 |
det |
the,dorsum |
R2931 |
T4217 |
T4215 |
pobj |
dorsum,over |
R2932 |
T4218 |
T4217 |
amod |
entire,dorsum |
R2933 |
T4219 |
T4207 |
punct |
", ",appears |
R2934 |
T4220 |
T4207 |
cc |
but,appears |
R2935 |
T4221 |
T4222 |
prep |
in,is |
R2936 |
T4222 |
T4207 |
conj |
is,appears |
R2937 |
T4223 |
T4224 |
nmod |
ae,ae |
R2938 |
T4224 |
T4226 |
nmod |
ae,neonates |
R2939 |
T4225 |
T4224 |
punct |
/,ae |
R2940 |
T4226 |
T4221 |
pobj |
neonates,in |
R2941 |
T4227 |
T4224 |
punct |
;,ae |
R2942 |
T4228 |
T4229 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2943 |
T4229 |
T4224 |
appos |
deH,ae |
R2944 |
T4230 |
T4229 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2945 |
T4231 |
T4222 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2946 |
T4232 |
T4233 |
det |
the,area |
R2947 |
T4233 |
T4222 |
nsubj |
area,is |
R2948 |
T4234 |
T4233 |
prep |
of,area |
R2949 |
T4235 |
T4236 |
amod |
dark,skin |
R2950 |
T4236 |
T4234 |
pobj |
skin,of |
R2951 |
T4237 |
T4238 |
advmod |
more,restricted |
R2952 |
T4238 |
T4222 |
acomp |
restricted,is |
R2953 |
T4239 |
T4222 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2954 |
T4240 |
T4241 |
advmod |
particularly,above |
R2955 |
T4241 |
T4222 |
prep |
above,is |
R2956 |
T4242 |
T4243 |
det |
the,limbs |
R2957 |
T4243 |
T4241 |
pobj |
limbs,above |
R2958 |
T4244 |
T4222 |
punct |
", ",is |
R2959 |
T4245 |
T4222 |
cc |
and,is |
R2960 |
T4246 |
T4222 |
conj |
resembles,is |
R2961 |
T4247 |
T4248 |
det |
the,pattern |
R2962 |
T4248 |
T4246 |
dobj |
pattern,resembles |
R2963 |
T4249 |
T4248 |
prep |
of,pattern |
R2964 |
T4250 |
T4251 |
amod |
dorsal,eumelanin |
R2965 |
T4251 |
T4249 |
pobj |
eumelanin,of |
R2966 |
T4252 |
T4248 |
prep |
in,pattern |
R2967 |
T4253 |
T4254 |
nmod |
at,at |
R2968 |
T4254 |
T4256 |
nmod |
at,animals |
R2969 |
T4255 |
T4254 |
punct |
/,at |
R2970 |
T4256 |
T4252 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R2971 |
T4257 |
T4254 |
punct |
;,at |
R2972 |
T4258 |
T4259 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R2973 |
T4259 |
T4254 |
appos |
deH,at |
R2974 |
T4260 |
T4259 |
punct |
/,deH |
R2975 |
T4261 |
T4256 |
amod |
adult,animals |
R2976 |
T4262 |
T4222 |
punct |
.,is |
R2977 |
T4264 |
T4265 |
advcl |
Taken,suggest |
R2978 |
T4266 |
T4264 |
advmod |
together,Taken |
R2979 |
T4267 |
T4265 |
punct |
", ",suggest |
R2980 |
T4268 |
T4269 |
det |
these,observations |
R2981 |
T4269 |
T4265 |
nsubj |
observations,suggest |
R2982 |
T4270 |
T4271 |
mark |
that,interferes |
R2983 |
T4271 |
T4265 |
ccomp |
interferes,suggest |
R2984 |
T4272 |
T4271 |
nsubj |
deH,interferes |
R2985 |
T4273 |
T4271 |
prep |
with,interferes |
R2986 |
T4274 |
T4275 |
det |
the,establishment |
R2987 |
T4275 |
T4273 |
pobj |
establishment,with |
R2988 |
T4276 |
T4275 |
prep |
of,establishment |
R2989 |
T4277 |
T4278 |
amod |
dorsoventral,patterning |
R2990 |
T4278 |
T4276 |
pobj |
patterning,of |
R2991 |
T4279 |
T4271 |
prep |
during,interferes |
R2992 |
T4280 |
T4281 |
compound |
skin,development |
R2993 |
T4281 |
T4279 |
pobj |
development,during |
R2994 |
T4282 |
T4271 |
prep |
by,interferes |
R2995 |
T4283 |
T4282 |
pcomp |
causing,by |
R2996 |
T4284 |
T4285 |
amod |
dorsal,expansion |
R2997 |
T4285 |
T4283 |
dobj |
expansion,causing |
R2998 |
T4286 |
T4285 |
prep |
of,expansion |
R2999 |
T4287 |
T4288 |
det |
a,region |
R3000 |
T4288 |
T4286 |
pobj |
region,of |
R3001 |
T4289 |
T4288 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R3002 |
T4290 |
T4291 |
dep |
that,is |
R3003 |
T4291 |
T4288 |
relcl |
is,region |
R3004 |
T4292 |
T4291 |
advmod |
normally,is |
R3005 |
T4293 |
T4294 |
quantmod |
3,5 |
R3006 |
T4294 |
T4296 |
nummod |
5,mm |
R3007 |
T4295 |
T4294 |
punct |
–,5 |
R3008 |
T4296 |
T4291 |
attr |
mm,is |
R3009 |
T4297 |
T4296 |
prep |
in,mm |
R3010 |
T4298 |
T4297 |
pobj |
width,in |
R3011 |
T4299 |
T4265 |
punct |
.,suggest |
R3012 |
T4301 |
T4302 |
det |
This,region |
R3013 |
T4302 |
T4304 |
nsubj |
region,serve |
R3014 |
T4303 |
T4302 |
amod |
same,region |
R3015 |
T4305 |
T4304 |
aux |
may,serve |
R3016 |
T4306 |
T4304 |
prep |
as,serve |
R3017 |
T4307 |
T4308 |
det |
a,boundary |
R3018 |
T4308 |
T4306 |
pobj |
boundary,as |
R3019 |
T4309 |
T4308 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R3020 |
T4310 |
T4311 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R3022 |
T4312 |
T4310 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R3023 |
T4313 |
T4310 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R3024 |
T4314 |
T4304 |
prep |
by,serve |
R3025 |
T4315 |
T4314 |
pcomp |
inhibiting,by |
R3026 |
T4316 |
T4317 |
compound |
melanocyte,differentiation |
R3027 |
T4317 |
T4315 |
dobj |
differentiation,inhibiting |
R3028 |
T4318 |
T4314 |
punct |
", ",by |
R3029 |
T4319 |
T4314 |
conj |
by,by |
R3030 |
T4320 |
T4319 |
pcomp |
promoting,by |
R3031 |
T4321 |
T4322 |
compound |
pheomelanin,synthesis |
R3032 |
T4322 |
T4320 |
dobj |
synthesis,promoting |
R3033 |
T4323 |
T4319 |
punct |
", ",by |
R3034 |
T4324 |
T4319 |
cc |
and,by |
R3035 |
T4325 |
T4319 |
conj |
by,by |
R3036 |
T4326 |
T4325 |
pcomp |
supporting,by |
R3037 |
T4327 |
T4328 |
det |
a,increase |
R3038 |
T4328 |
T4326 |
dobj |
increase,supporting |
R3039 |
T4329 |
T4328 |
amod |
progressive,increase |
R3040 |
T4330 |
T4328 |
prep |
in,increase |
R3041 |
T4331 |
T4332 |
compound |
hair,growth |
R3042 |
T4332 |
T4330 |
pobj |
growth,in |
R3043 |
T4333 |
T4328 |
prep |
from,increase |
R3044 |
T4334 |
T4333 |
pobj |
ventrum,from |
R3045 |
T4335 |
T4328 |
prep |
to,increase |
R3046 |
T4336 |
T4335 |
pobj |
dorsum,to |
R3047 |
T4337 |
T4304 |
punct |
.,serve |
R3048 |
T4339 |
T4340 |
mark |
As,described |
R3049 |
T4340 |
T4341 |
advcl |
described,expressed |
R3050 |
T4342 |
T4340 |
advmod |
below,described |
R3051 |
T4343 |
T4341 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R3052 |
T4344 |
T4345 |
det |
the,gene |
R3053 |
T4345 |
T4341 |
nsubjpass |
gene,expressed |
R3054 |
T4346 |
T4345 |
amod |
defective,gene |
R3055 |
T4347 |
T4346 |
prep |
in,defective |
R3056 |
T4348 |
T4347 |
pobj |
deH,in |
R3057 |
T4349 |
T4345 |
punct |
", ",gene |
R3058 |
T4350 |
T4345 |
appos |
Tbx15,gene |
R3059 |
T4351 |
T4341 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R3060 |
T4352 |
T4341 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R3061 |
T4353 |
T4341 |
advmod |
normally,expressed |
R3062 |
T4354 |
T4341 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R3063 |
T4355 |
T4356 |
det |
the,region |
R3064 |
T4356 |
T4354 |
pobj |
region,in |
R3065 |
T4357 |
T4356 |
amod |
dorsal,region |
R3066 |
T4358 |
T4341 |
cc |
and,expressed |
R3067 |
T4359 |
T4360 |
advmod |
therefore,is |
R3068 |
T4360 |
T4341 |
conj |
is,expressed |
R3069 |
T4361 |
T4360 |
acomp |
likely,is |
R3070 |
T4362 |
T4363 |
aux |
to,play |
R3071 |
T4363 |
T4361 |
xcomp |
play,likely |
R3072 |
T4364 |
T4365 |
det |
a,role |
R3073 |
T4365 |
T4363 |
dobj |
role,play |
R3074 |
T4366 |
T4363 |
prep |
in,play |
R3075 |
T4367 |
T4366 |
pcomp |
establishing,in |
R3076 |
T4368 |
T4369 |
det |
the,size |
R3077 |
T4369 |
T4367 |
dobj |
size,establishing |
R3078 |
T4370 |
T4369 |
cc |
and,size |
R3079 |
T4371 |
T4372 |
amod |
dorsal,extent |
R3080 |
T4372 |
T4369 |
conj |
extent,size |
R3081 |
T4373 |
T4369 |
prep |
of,size |
R3082 |
T4374 |
T4375 |
det |
the,region |
R3083 |
T4375 |
T4373 |
pobj |
region,of |
R3084 |
T4376 |
T4375 |
amod |
lateral,region |
R3085 |
T4377 |
T4341 |
punct |
.,expressed |
R3088 |
T4613 |
T4614 |
amod |
Positional,Cloning |
R3089 |
T4615 |
T4614 |
prep |
of,Cloning |
R3090 |
T4616 |
T4615 |
pobj |
deH,of |
R3091 |
T4618 |
T4619 |
prep |
As,identified |
R3092 |
T4620 |
T4621 |
det |
a,marker |
R3093 |
T4621 |
T4618 |
pobj |
marker,As |
R3094 |
T4622 |
T4621 |
amod |
visible,marker |
R3095 |
T4623 |
T4619 |
punct |
", ",identified |
R3096 |
T4624 |
T4625 |
amod |
early,studies |
R3097 |
T4625 |
T4619 |
nsubj |
studies,identified |
R3098 |
T4626 |
T4625 |
compound |
linkage,studies |
R3099 |
T4627 |
T4625 |
prep |
with,studies |
R3100 |
T4628 |
T4629 |
det |
the,allele |
R3101 |
T4629 |
T4627 |
pobj |
allele,with |
R3102 |
T4630 |
T4629 |
amod |
original,allele |
R3103 |
T4631 |
T4632 |
amod |
droopy,ear |
R3104 |
T4632 |
T4629 |
compound |
ear,allele |
R3105 |
T4633 |
T4629 |
cc |
or,allele |
R3106 |
T4634 |
T4635 |
det |
the,allele |
R3107 |
T4635 |
T4629 |
conj |
allele,allele |
R3108 |
T4636 |
T4635 |
compound |
deH,allele |
R3109 |
T4637 |
T4638 |
det |
a,position |
R3110 |
T4638 |
T4619 |
dobj |
position,identified |
R3111 |
T4639 |
T4638 |
compound |
map,position |
R3112 |
T4640 |
T4638 |
prep |
in,position |
R3113 |
T4641 |
T4642 |
det |
the,middle |
R3114 |
T4642 |
T4640 |
pobj |
middle,in |
R3115 |
T4643 |
T4642 |
prep |
of,middle |
R3116 |
T4644 |
T4643 |
pobj |
Chromosome,of |
R3117 |
T4645 |
T4644 |
nummod |
3,Chromosome |
R3118 |
T4646 |
T4638 |
punct |
", ",position |
R3119 |
T4647 |
T4638 |
amod |
distal,position |
R3120 |
T4648 |
T4647 |
prep |
to,distal |
R3121 |
T4649 |
T4648 |
amod |
matted,to |
R3122 |
T4650 |
T4647 |
cc |
and,distal |
R3123 |
T4651 |
T4647 |
conj |
proximal,distal |
R3124 |
T4652 |
T4651 |
prep |
to,proximal |
R3125 |
T4653 |
T4654 |
compound |
Varitint,waddler |
R3126 |
T4654 |
T4652 |
pobj |
waddler,to |
R3127 |
T4655 |
T4654 |
punct |
-,waddler |
R3128 |
T4656 |
T4657 |
punct |
(,Carter |
R3129 |
T4657 |
T4619 |
meta |
Carter,identified |
R3130 |
T4658 |
T4657 |
cc |
and,Carter |
R3131 |
T4659 |
T4657 |
conj |
Falconer,Carter |
R3132 |
T4660 |
T4659 |
nummod |
1951,Falconer |
R3133 |
T4661 |
T4659 |
punct |
;,Falconer |
R3134 |
T4662 |
T4659 |
conj |
Curry,Falconer |
R3135 |
T4663 |
T4662 |
nummod |
1959,Curry |
R3136 |
T4664 |
T4662 |
punct |
;,Curry |
R3137 |
T4665 |
T4662 |
conj |
Lane,Curry |
R3138 |
T4666 |
T4665 |
cc |
and,Lane |
R3139 |
T4667 |
T4665 |
conj |
Eicher,Lane |
R3140 |
T4668 |
T4667 |
nummod |
1979,Eicher |
R3141 |
T4669 |
T4667 |
punct |
;,Eicher |
R3142 |
T4670 |
T4667 |
conj |
Holmes,Eicher |
R3143 |
T4671 |
T4670 |
nmod |
et,Holmes |
R3144 |
T4672 |
T4670 |
nmod |
al.,Holmes |
R3145 |
T4673 |
T4670 |
nummod |
1981,Holmes |
R3146 |
T4674 |
T4670 |
punct |
),Holmes |
R3147 |
T4675 |
T4619 |
punct |
.,identified |
R3148 |
T4677 |
T4678 |
nsubj |
We,used |
R3149 |
T4679 |
T4680 |
det |
an,intercross |
R3150 |
T4680 |
T4678 |
dobj |
intercross,used |
R3151 |
T4681 |
T4680 |
compound |
F2,intercross |
R3152 |
T4682 |
T4680 |
prep |
with,intercross |
R3153 |
T4683 |
T4684 |
compound |
CAST,Ei |
R3154 |
T4684 |
T4686 |
compound |
Ei,mice |
R3155 |
T4685 |
T4684 |
punct |
/,Ei |
R3156 |
T4686 |
T4682 |
pobj |
mice,with |
R3157 |
T4687 |
T4688 |
aux |
to,localize |
R3158 |
T4688 |
T4678 |
advcl |
localize,used |
R3159 |
T4689 |
T4688 |
dobj |
deH,localize |
R3160 |
T4690 |
T4688 |
prep |
to,localize |
R3161 |
T4691 |
T4692 |
det |
a,interval |
R3162 |
T4692 |
T4690 |
pobj |
interval,to |
R3163 |
T4693 |
T4694 |
nummod |
0.1,cM |
R3164 |
T4694 |
T4692 |
compound |
cM,interval |
R3165 |
T4695 |
T4692 |
prep |
between,interval |
R3166 |
T4696 |
T4695 |
pobj |
D3Mit213,between |
R3167 |
T4697 |
T4696 |
cc |
and,D3Mit213 |
R3168 |
T4698 |
T4696 |
conj |
16.MMHAP32FLF1,D3Mit213 |
R3169 |
T4699 |
T4692 |
punct |
", ",interval |
R3170 |
T4700 |
T4701 |
dep |
which,refined |
R3171 |
T4701 |
T4692 |
relcl |
refined,interval |
R3172 |
T4702 |
T4701 |
auxpass |
was,refined |
R3173 |
T4703 |
T4701 |
prep |
by,refined |
R3174 |
T4704 |
T4703 |
pobj |
development,by |
R3175 |
T4705 |
T4704 |
prep |
of,development |
R3176 |
T4706 |
T4707 |
det |
a,contig |
R3177 |
T4707 |
T4705 |
pobj |
contig,of |
R3178 |
T4708 |
T4709 |
amod |
bacterial,chromosome |
R3179 |
T4709 |
T4707 |
nmod |
chromosome,contig |
R3180 |
T4710 |
T4709 |
amod |
artificial,chromosome |
R3181 |
T4711 |
T4709 |
punct |
(,chromosome |
R3182 |
T4712 |
T4709 |
appos |
BAC,chromosome |
R3183 |
T4713 |
T4707 |
punct |
),contig |
R3184 |
T4714 |
T4707 |
cc |
and,contig |
R3185 |
T4715 |
T4716 |
amod |
additional,markers |
R3186 |
T4716 |
T4707 |
conj |
markers,contig |
R3187 |
T4717 |
T4716 |
prep |
to,markers |
R3188 |
T4718 |
T4719 |
det |
a,region |
R3189 |
T4719 |
T4717 |
pobj |
region,to |
R3190 |
T4720 |
T4721 |
nummod |
1.4,Mb |
R3191 |
T4721 |
T4719 |
compound |
Mb,region |
R3192 |
T4722 |
T4723 |
dep |
that,contained |
R3193 |
T4723 |
T4719 |
relcl |
contained,region |
R3194 |
T4724 |
T4725 |
nummod |
eight,genes |
R3195 |
T4725 |
T4723 |
dobj |
genes,contained |
R3196 |
T4726 |
T4725 |
punct |
", ",genes |
R3197 |
T4727 |
T4725 |
prep |
including,genes |
R3198 |
T4728 |
T4727 |
pobj |
Tbx15,including |
R3199 |
T4729 |
T4730 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R3200 |
T4730 |
T4688 |
parataxis |
Figure,localize |
R3201 |
T4731 |
T4730 |
nummod |
3A,Figure |
R3202 |
T4732 |
T4730 |
punct |
),Figure |
R3203 |
T4733 |
T4678 |
punct |
.,used |
R3204 |
T4735 |
T4736 |
nsubj |
We,considered |
R3205 |
T4737 |
T4736 |
dobj |
Tbx15,considered |
R3206 |
T4738 |
T4736 |
prep |
as,considered |
R3207 |
T4739 |
T4740 |
det |
an,candidate |
R3208 |
T4740 |
T4738 |
pobj |
candidate,as |
R3209 |
T4741 |
T4740 |
amod |
excellent,candidate |
R3210 |
T4742 |
T4740 |
prep |
for,candidate |
R3211 |
T4743 |
T4744 |
det |
the,abnormalities |
R3212 |
T4744 |
T4742 |
pobj |
abnormalities,for |
R3213 |
T4745 |
T4744 |
amod |
skeletal,abnormalities |
R3214 |
T4746 |
T4744 |
acl |
caused,abnormalities |
R3215 |
T4747 |
T4746 |
agent |
by,caused |
R3216 |
T4748 |
T4747 |
pobj |
deH,by |
R3217 |
T4749 |
T4736 |
punct |
", ",considered |
R3218 |
T4750 |
T4736 |
prep |
based,considered |
R3219 |
T4751 |
T4750 |
prep |
on,based |
R3220 |
T4752 |
T4751 |
pobj |
studies,on |
R3221 |
T4753 |
T4752 |
prep |
by,studies |
R3222 |
T4754 |
T4753 |
pobj |
Agulnik,by |
R3223 |
T4755 |
T4756 |
advmod |
et,al. |
R3224 |
T4756 |
T4754 |
advmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R3225 |
T4757 |
T4754 |
punct |
(,Agulnik |
R3226 |
T4758 |
T4754 |
npadvmod |
1998,Agulnik |
R3227 |
T4759 |
T4754 |
punct |
),Agulnik |
R3228 |
T4760 |
T4754 |
punct |
", ",Agulnik |
R3229 |
T4761 |
T4762 |
dep |
who,described |
R3230 |
T4762 |
T4754 |
relcl |
described,Agulnik |
R3231 |
T4763 |
T4764 |
poss |
its,expression |
R3232 |
T4764 |
T4762 |
dobj |
expression,described |
R3233 |
T4765 |
T4764 |
amod |
embryonic,expression |
R3234 |
T4766 |
T4764 |
prep |
in,expression |
R3235 |
T4767 |
T4768 |
det |
the,region |
R3236 |
T4768 |
T4766 |
pobj |
region,in |
R3237 |
T4769 |
T4768 |
amod |
craniofacial,region |
R3238 |
T4770 |
T4768 |
cc |
and,region |
R3239 |
T4771 |
T4772 |
amod |
developing,limbs |
R3240 |
T4772 |
T4768 |
conj |
limbs,region |
R3241 |
T4773 |
T4736 |
punct |
.,considered |
R3242 |
T4775 |
T4776 |
advcl |
Using,found |
R3243 |
T4777 |
T4778 |
compound |
sequence,information |
R3244 |
T4778 |
T4775 |
dobj |
information,Using |
R3245 |
T4779 |
T4778 |
prep |
from,information |
R3246 |
T4780 |
T4779 |
pobj |
Agulnik,from |
R3247 |
T4781 |
T4782 |
advmod |
et,al. |
R3248 |
T4782 |
T4780 |
advmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R3249 |
T4783 |
T4780 |
punct |
(,Agulnik |
R3250 |
T4784 |
T4780 |
npadvmod |
1998,Agulnik |
R3251 |
T4785 |
T4780 |
punct |
),Agulnik |
R3252 |
T4786 |
T4778 |
cc |
and,information |
R3253 |
T4787 |
T4788 |
det |
the,sequence |
R3255 |
T4789 |
T4790 |
advmod |
partially,completed |
R3256 |
T4790 |
T4788 |
amod |
completed,sequence |
R3257 |
T4791 |
T4792 |
compound |
mouse,genome |
R3258 |
T4792 |
T4788 |
compound |
genome,sequence |
R3259 |
T4793 |
T4776 |
punct |
", ",found |
R3260 |
T4794 |
T4776 |
nsubj |
we,found |
R3261 |
T4795 |
T4796 |
mark |
that,amplified |
R3262 |
T4796 |
T4776 |
ccomp |
amplified,found |
R3263 |
T4797 |
T4796 |
nsubjpass |
portions,amplified |
R3264 |
T4798 |
T4797 |
prep |
of,portions |
R3265 |
T4799 |
T4800 |
amod |
several,exons |
R3266 |
T4800 |
T4798 |
pobj |
exons,of |
R3267 |
T4801 |
T4800 |
compound |
Tbx15,exons |
R3268 |
T4802 |
T4796 |
aux |
could,amplified |
R3269 |
T4803 |
T4796 |
neg |
not,amplified |
R3270 |
T4804 |
T4796 |
auxpass |
be,amplified |
R3271 |
T4805 |
T4796 |
prep |
from,amplified |
R3272 |
T4806 |
T4807 |
nmod |
deH,deH |
R3273 |
T4807 |
T4809 |
nmod |
deH,DNA |
R3274 |
T4808 |
T4807 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3275 |
T4809 |
T4805 |
pobj |
DNA,from |
R3276 |
T4810 |
T4809 |
amod |
genomic,DNA |
R3277 |
T4811 |
T4776 |
punct |
.,found |
R3278 |
T4813 |
T4814 |
det |
The,gene |
R3279 |
T4814 |
T4816 |
nsubjpass |
gene,referred |
R3280 |
T4815 |
T4814 |
amod |
same,gene |
R3281 |
T4817 |
T4816 |
auxpass |
was,referred |
R3282 |
T4818 |
T4816 |
advmod |
initially,referred |
R3283 |
T4819 |
T4816 |
prep |
to,referred |
R3284 |
T4820 |
T4816 |
prep |
as,referred |
R3285 |
T4821 |
T4820 |
pobj |
Tbx8,as |
R3286 |
T4822 |
T4823 |
punct |
(,Wattler |
R3287 |
T4823 |
T4816 |
meta |
Wattler,referred |
R3288 |
T4824 |
T4823 |
nmod |
et,Wattler |
R3289 |
T4825 |
T4823 |
nmod |
al.,Wattler |
R3290 |
T4826 |
T4823 |
nummod |
1998,Wattler |
R3291 |
T4827 |
T4823 |
punct |
),Wattler |
R3292 |
T4828 |
T4816 |
cc |
and,referred |
R3293 |
T4829 |
T4830 |
advmod |
then,renamed |
R3294 |
T4830 |
T4816 |
conj |
renamed,referred |
R3295 |
T4831 |
T4830 |
advmod |
later,renamed |
R3296 |
T4832 |
T4830 |
oprd |
Tbx14,renamed |
R3297 |
T4833 |
T4830 |
punct |
", ",renamed |
R3298 |
T4834 |
T4830 |
cc |
but,renamed |
R3299 |
T4835 |
T4836 |
auxpass |
is,referred |
R3300 |
T4836 |
T4830 |
conj |
referred,renamed |
R3301 |
T4837 |
T4836 |
advmod |
currently,referred |
R3302 |
T4838 |
T4836 |
prep |
to,referred |
R3303 |
T4839 |
T4836 |
prep |
in,referred |
R3304 |
T4840 |
T4841 |
amod |
several,genomes |
R3305 |
T4841 |
T4839 |
pobj |
genomes,in |
R3306 |
T4842 |
T4841 |
compound |
vertebrate,genomes |
R3307 |
T4843 |
T4836 |
prep |
as,referred |
R3308 |
T4844 |
T4843 |
pobj |
Tbx15,as |
R3309 |
T4845 |
T4846 |
punct |
(,Agulnik |
R3310 |
T4846 |
T4836 |
meta |
Agulnik,referred |
R3311 |
T4847 |
T4846 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R3312 |
T4848 |
T4846 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R3313 |
T4849 |
T4846 |
nummod |
1998,Agulnik |
R3314 |
T4850 |
T4846 |
punct |
;,Agulnik |
R3315 |
T4851 |
T4846 |
nmod |
Begemann,Agulnik |
R3316 |
T4852 |
T4846 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R3317 |
T4853 |
T4846 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R3318 |
T4854 |
T4846 |
nummod |
2002,Agulnik |
R3319 |
T4855 |
T4846 |
punct |
),Agulnik |
R3320 |
T4856 |
T4816 |
punct |
.,referred |
R3321 |
T4858 |
T4859 |
prep |
By,identified |
R3322 |
T4860 |
T4858 |
pcomp |
comparing,By |
R3323 |
T4861 |
T4862 |
det |
the,sequence |
R3324 |
T4862 |
T4860 |
dobj |
sequence,comparing |
R3325 |
T4863 |
T4862 |
prep |
of,sequence |
R3326 |
T4864 |
T4865 |
det |
a,fragment |
R3327 |
T4865 |
T4863 |
pobj |
fragment,of |
R3328 |
T4866 |
T4867 |
nummod |
1.3,kb |
R3329 |
T4867 |
T4868 |
compound |
kb,junction |
R3330 |
T4868 |
T4865 |
compound |
junction,fragment |
R3331 |
T4869 |
T4865 |
acl |
amplified,fragment |
R3332 |
T4870 |
T4869 |
prep |
from,amplified |
R3333 |
T4871 |
T4872 |
nmod |
deH,deH |
R3334 |
T4872 |
T4874 |
nmod |
deH,DNA |
R3335 |
T4873 |
T4872 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3336 |
T4874 |
T4870 |
pobj |
DNA,from |
R3337 |
T4875 |
T4874 |
amod |
genomic,DNA |
R3338 |
T4876 |
T4860 |
prep |
to,comparing |
R3339 |
T4877 |
T4878 |
advmod |
publicly,available |
R3340 |
T4878 |
T4879 |
amod |
available,sequence |
R3341 |
T4879 |
T4876 |
pobj |
sequence,to |
R3342 |
T4880 |
T4881 |
compound |
mouse,genome |
R3343 |
T4881 |
T4879 |
compound |
genome,sequence |
R3344 |
T4882 |
T4859 |
punct |
", ",identified |
R3345 |
T4883 |
T4859 |
nsubj |
we,identified |
R3346 |
T4884 |
T4885 |
det |
a,deletion |
R3347 |
T4885 |
T4859 |
dobj |
deletion,identified |
R3348 |
T4886 |
T4887 |
nummod |
216,kb |
R3349 |
T4887 |
T4885 |
compound |
kb,deletion |
R3350 |
T4888 |
T4889 |
dep |
that,extends |
R3351 |
T4889 |
T4885 |
relcl |
extends,deletion |
R3352 |
T4890 |
T4889 |
prep |
from,extends |
R3353 |
T4891 |
T4892 |
compound |
Tbx15,intron |
R3354 |
T4892 |
T4890 |
pobj |
intron,from |
R3355 |
T4893 |
T4892 |
nummod |
1,intron |
R3356 |
T4894 |
T4889 |
prep |
to,extends |
R3357 |
T4895 |
T4896 |
nummod |
148,kb |
R3358 |
T4896 |
T4897 |
npadvmod |
kb,downstream |
R3359 |
T4897 |
T4894 |
pcomp |
downstream,to |
R3360 |
T4898 |
T4897 |
prep |
of,downstream |
R3361 |
T4899 |
T4900 |
det |
the,sequence |
R3362 |
T4900 |
T4898 |
pobj |
sequence,of |
R3363 |
T4901 |
T4900 |
compound |
polyadenylation,sequence |
R3364 |
T4902 |
T4900 |
prep |
in,sequence |
R3365 |
T4903 |
T4904 |
det |
a,region |
R3366 |
T4904 |
T4902 |
pobj |
region,in |
R3367 |
T4905 |
T4904 |
acl |
annotated,region |
R3368 |
T4906 |
T4905 |
prep |
as,annotated |
R3369 |
T4907 |
T4908 |
det |
a,pseudogene |
R3370 |
T4908 |
T4906 |
pobj |
pseudogene,as |
R3371 |
T4909 |
T4910 |
nmod |
mannose,phosphate |
R3372 |
T4910 |
T4914 |
compound |
phosphate,receptor |
R3373 |
T4911 |
T4910 |
punct |
-,phosphate |
R3374 |
T4912 |
T4910 |
nummod |
6,phosphate |
R3375 |
T4913 |
T4910 |
punct |
-,phosphate |
R3376 |
T4914 |
T4908 |
compound |
receptor,pseudogene |
R3377 |
T4915 |
T4908 |
punct |
", ",pseudogene |
R3378 |
T4916 |
T4917 |
compound |
M6pr,ps |
R3379 |
T4917 |
T4908 |
appos |
ps,pseudogene |
R3380 |
T4918 |
T4917 |
punct |
-,ps |
R3381 |
T4919 |
T4920 |
punct |
(,3B |
R3382 |
T4920 |
T4859 |
parataxis |
3B,identified |
R3383 |
T4921 |
T4920 |
nmod |
Figure,3B |
R3384 |
T4922 |
T4920 |
cc |
and,3B |
R3385 |
T4923 |
T4920 |
conj |
3C,3B |
R3386 |
T4924 |
T4920 |
punct |
),3B |
R3387 |
T4925 |
T4859 |
punct |
.,identified |
R3388 |
T4927 |
T4928 |
punct |
(,Ludwig |
R3389 |
T4929 |
T4928 |
nmod |
et,Ludwig |
R3390 |
T4930 |
T4928 |
nmod |
al.,Ludwig |
R3391 |
T4931 |
T4928 |
nummod |
1992,Ludwig |
R3392 |
T4932 |
T4928 |
punct |
),Ludwig |
R3393 |
T4933 |
T4928 |
punct |
.,Ludwig |
R3394 |
T4935 |
T4936 |
prep |
By,identified |
R3395 |
T4937 |
T4938 |
compound |
Northern,blot |
R3396 |
T4938 |
T4939 |
compound |
blot,analysis |
R3397 |
T4939 |
T4935 |
pobj |
analysis,By |
R3398 |
T4940 |
T4936 |
punct |
", ",identified |
R3399 |
T4941 |
T4936 |
nsubj |
we,identified |
R3400 |
T4942 |
T4943 |
det |
a,transcript |
R3401 |
T4943 |
T4936 |
dobj |
transcript,identified |
R3402 |
T4944 |
T4943 |
compound |
fusion,transcript |
R3403 |
T4945 |
T4943 |
acl |
produced,transcript |
R3404 |
T4946 |
T4945 |
prep |
from,produced |
R3405 |
T4947 |
T4948 |
det |
the,chromosome |
R3406 |
T4948 |
T4946 |
pobj |
chromosome,from |
R3407 |
T4949 |
T4948 |
compound |
deH,chromosome |
R3408 |
T4950 |
T4951 |
punct |
(,shown |
R3409 |
T4951 |
T4936 |
parataxis |
shown,identified |
R3410 |
T4952 |
T4951 |
nsubj |
data,shown |
R3411 |
T4953 |
T4951 |
neg |
not,shown |
R3412 |
T4954 |
T4951 |
punct |
),shown |
R3413 |
T4955 |
T4936 |
punct |
.,identified |
R3414 |
T4957 |
T4958 |
advmod |
However,removes |
R3415 |
T4959 |
T4958 |
punct |
", ",removes |
R3416 |
T4960 |
T4961 |
det |
the,deletion |
R3417 |
T4961 |
T4958 |
nsubj |
deletion,removes |
R3418 |
T4962 |
T4963 |
quantmod |
534,602 |
R3419 |
T4963 |
T4966 |
nummod |
602,acids |
R3420 |
T4964 |
T4963 |
quantmod |
of,602 |
R3421 |
T4965 |
T4963 |
quantmod |
the,602 |
R3422 |
T4966 |
T4958 |
dobj |
acids,removes |
R3423 |
T4967 |
T4966 |
compound |
amino,acids |
R3424 |
T4968 |
T4966 |
acl |
encoded,acids |
R3425 |
T4969 |
T4968 |
agent |
by,encoded |
R3426 |
T4970 |
T4969 |
pobj |
Tbx15,by |
R3427 |
T4971 |
T4966 |
punct |
(,acids |
R3428 |
T4972 |
T4966 |
prep |
including,acids |
R3429 |
T4973 |
T4974 |
det |
the,domain |
R3430 |
T4974 |
T4972 |
pobj |
domain,including |
R3431 |
T4975 |
T4976 |
nmod |
T,box |
R3432 |
T4976 |
T4974 |
nmod |
box,domain |
R3433 |
T4977 |
T4976 |
punct |
-,box |
R3434 |
T4978 |
T4979 |
npadvmod |
DNA,binding |
R3435 |
T4979 |
T4974 |
amod |
binding,domain |
R3436 |
T4980 |
T4979 |
punct |
-,binding |
R3437 |
T4981 |
T4958 |
punct |
),removes |
R3438 |
T4982 |
T4958 |
punct |
", ",removes |
R3439 |
T4983 |
T4984 |
nmod |
deH,animals |
R3440 |
T4984 |
T4987 |
nsubj |
animals,are |
R3441 |
T4985 |
T4983 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3442 |
T4986 |
T4983 |
punct |
+,deH |
R3443 |
T4987 |
T4958 |
conj |
are,removes |
R3444 |
T4988 |
T4989 |
advmod |
grossly,normal |
R3445 |
T4989 |
T4987 |
acomp |
normal,are |
R3446 |
T4990 |
T4987 |
punct |
", ",are |
R3447 |
T4991 |
T4987 |
cc |
and,are |
R3448 |
T4992 |
T4993 |
det |
the,phenotype |
R3449 |
T4993 |
T4994 |
nsubj |
phenotype,is |
R3450 |
T4994 |
T4987 |
conj |
is,are |
R3451 |
T4995 |
T4993 |
prep |
of,phenotype |
R3452 |
T4996 |
T4997 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R3453 |
T4997 |
T4999 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R3454 |
T4998 |
T4997 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3455 |
T4999 |
T4995 |
pobj |
animals,of |
R3456 |
T5000 |
T4994 |
acomp |
identical,is |
R3457 |
T5001 |
T5000 |
prep |
to,identical |
R3458 |
T5002 |
T5001 |
pobj |
that,to |
R3459 |
T5003 |
T5002 |
acl |
described,that |
R3460 |
T5004 |
T5003 |
prep |
for,described |
R3461 |
T5005 |
T5006 |
det |
the,allele |
R3462 |
T5006 |
T5004 |
pobj |
allele,for |
R3463 |
T5007 |
T5006 |
amod |
original,allele |
R3464 |
T5008 |
T4994 |
punct |
.,is |
R3465 |
T5010 |
T5011 |
prep |
In,annotated |
R3466 |
T5012 |
T5010 |
pobj |
addition,In |
R3467 |
T5013 |
T5011 |
punct |
", ",annotated |
R3468 |
T5014 |
T5011 |
amod |
other,annotated |
R3469 |
T5015 |
T5014 |
prep |
than,other |
R3470 |
T5016 |
T5017 |
compound |
M6pr,ps |
R3471 |
T5017 |
T5015 |
pobj |
ps,than |
R3472 |
T5018 |
T5017 |
punct |
-,ps |
R3473 |
T5019 |
T5011 |
punct |
", ",annotated |
R3474 |
T5020 |
T5021 |
det |
no,genes |
R3475 |
T5021 |
T5011 |
nsubjpass |
genes,annotated |
R3476 |
T5022 |
T5021 |
amod |
other,genes |
R3477 |
T5023 |
T5021 |
cc |
or,genes |
R3478 |
T5024 |
T5021 |
conj |
transcripts,genes |
R3479 |
T5025 |
T5011 |
aux |
have,annotated |
R3480 |
T5026 |
T5011 |
auxpass |
been,annotated |
R3481 |
T5027 |
T5011 |
prep |
to,annotated |
R3482 |
T5028 |
T5029 |
det |
the,deletion |
R3483 |
T5029 |
T5027 |
pobj |
deletion,to |
R3484 |
T5030 |
T5031 |
nummod |
216,kb |
R3485 |
T5031 |
T5029 |
compound |
kb,deletion |
R3486 |
T5032 |
T5011 |
punct |
.,annotated |
R3487 |
T5034 |
T5035 |
mark |
While,was |
R3489 |
T5036 |
T5037 |
det |
the,work |
R3490 |
T5037 |
T5035 |
nsubj |
work,was |
R3491 |
T5038 |
T5037 |
amod |
positional,work |
R3492 |
T5039 |
T5037 |
compound |
cloning,work |
R3493 |
T5041 |
T5035 |
advmod |
underway,was |
R3494 |
T5042 |
T5040 |
punct |
", ",generated |
R3495 |
T5043 |
T5040 |
nsubj |
one,generated |
R3496 |
T5044 |
T5043 |
prep |
of,one |
R3497 |
T5045 |
T5044 |
pobj |
us,of |
R3498 |
T5046 |
T5043 |
punct |
(,one |
R3499 |
T5047 |
T5048 |
compound |
A.,Russ |
R3500 |
T5048 |
T5043 |
appos |
Russ,one |
R3501 |
T5049 |
T5043 |
punct |
),one |
R3502 |
T5050 |
T5051 |
det |
an,mutation |
R3503 |
T5051 |
T5040 |
dobj |
mutation,generated |
R3504 |
T5052 |
T5051 |
amod |
independent,mutation |
R3505 |
T5053 |
T5051 |
prep |
of,mutation |
R3506 |
T5054 |
T5053 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R3507 |
T5055 |
T5040 |
prep |
by,generated |
R3508 |
T5056 |
T5057 |
compound |
gene,targeting |
R3509 |
T5057 |
T5055 |
pobj |
targeting,by |
R3510 |
T5058 |
T5057 |
prep |
in,targeting |
R3511 |
T5059 |
T5060 |
amod |
embryonic,cells |
R3512 |
T5060 |
T5058 |
pobj |
cells,in |
R3513 |
T5061 |
T5060 |
compound |
stem,cells |
R3514 |
T5062 |
T5040 |
punct |
.,generated |
R3515 |
T5064 |
T5065 |
det |
The,allele |
R3516 |
T5065 |
T5067 |
nsubj |
allele,carries |
R3517 |
T5066 |
T5065 |
amod |
targeted,allele |
R3518 |
T5068 |
T5065 |
punct |
", ",allele |
R3519 |
T5069 |
T5065 |
appos |
Tbx15LacZ,allele |
R3520 |
T5070 |
T5067 |
punct |
", ",carries |
R3521 |
T5071 |
T5072 |
det |
an,cassette |
R3522 |
T5072 |
T5067 |
dobj |
cassette,carries |
R3523 |
T5073 |
T5074 |
nmod |
IRES,LacZ |
R3524 |
T5074 |
T5072 |
nmod |
LacZ,cassette |
R3525 |
T5075 |
T5074 |
punct |
-,LacZ |
R3526 |
T5076 |
T5074 |
punct |
-,LacZ |
R3527 |
T5077 |
T5074 |
amod |
neo,LacZ |
R3528 |
T5078 |
T5072 |
compound |
cDNA,cassette |
R3529 |
T5079 |
T5080 |
dep |
that,disrupts |
R3530 |
T5080 |
T5072 |
relcl |
disrupts,cassette |
R3531 |
T5081 |
T5082 |
det |
the,frame |
R3532 |
T5082 |
T5080 |
dobj |
frame,disrupts |
R3533 |
T5083 |
T5082 |
amod |
open,frame |
R3534 |
T5084 |
T5082 |
compound |
reading,frame |
R3535 |
T5085 |
T5082 |
prep |
at,frame |
R3536 |
T5086 |
T5085 |
pobj |
codon,at |
R3537 |
T5087 |
T5086 |
nummod |
154,codon |
R3538 |
T5088 |
T5080 |
advmod |
early,disrupts |
R3539 |
T5089 |
T5080 |
prep |
in,disrupts |
R3540 |
T5090 |
T5091 |
det |
the,domain |
R3541 |
T5091 |
T5089 |
pobj |
domain,in |
R3542 |
T5092 |
T5093 |
compound |
T,box |
R3543 |
T5093 |
T5091 |
compound |
box,domain |
R3544 |
T5094 |
T5093 |
punct |
-,box |
R3545 |
T5095 |
T5096 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R3546 |
T5096 |
T5080 |
parataxis |
Figure,disrupts |
R3547 |
T5097 |
T5096 |
nummod |
3D,Figure |
R3548 |
T5098 |
T5096 |
punct |
),Figure |
R3549 |
T5099 |
T5067 |
punct |
.,carries |
R3550 |
T5101 |
T5102 |
nsubj |
Animals,are |
R3551 |
T5103 |
T5101 |
amod |
heterozygous,Animals |
R3552 |
T5104 |
T5103 |
prep |
for,heterozygous |
R3553 |
T5105 |
T5106 |
det |
the,allele |
R3554 |
T5106 |
T5104 |
pobj |
allele,for |
R3555 |
T5107 |
T5106 |
amod |
targeted,allele |
R3556 |
T5108 |
T5109 |
advmod |
completely,normal |
R3557 |
T5109 |
T5102 |
acomp |
normal,are |
R3558 |
T5110 |
T5102 |
prep |
with,are |
R3559 |
T5111 |
T5110 |
pobj |
regard,with |
R3560 |
T5112 |
T5111 |
prep |
to,regard |
R3561 |
T5113 |
T5112 |
pobj |
size,to |
R3562 |
T5114 |
T5113 |
punct |
", ",size |
R3563 |
T5115 |
T5116 |
amod |
skeletal,morphology |
R3564 |
T5116 |
T5113 |
conj |
morphology,size |
R3565 |
T5117 |
T5116 |
punct |
", ",morphology |
R3566 |
T5118 |
T5116 |
cc |
and,morphology |
R3567 |
T5119 |
T5120 |
compound |
hair,color |
R3568 |
T5120 |
T5122 |
compound |
color,distribution |
R3569 |
T5121 |
T5120 |
punct |
-,color |
R3570 |
T5122 |
T5116 |
conj |
distribution,morphology |
R3571 |
T5123 |
T5102 |
punct |
", ",are |
R3572 |
T5124 |
T5102 |
cc |
but,are |
R3573 |
T5125 |
T5126 |
compound |
Tbx15LacZ,Tbx15LacZ |
R3574 |
T5126 |
T5128 |
compound |
Tbx15LacZ,homozygotes |
R3575 |
T5127 |
T5126 |
punct |
/,Tbx15LacZ |
R3576 |
T5128 |
T5129 |
nsubjpass |
homozygotes,noted |
R3577 |
T5129 |
T5102 |
conj |
noted,are |
R3578 |
T5130 |
T5129 |
auxpass |
were,noted |
R3579 |
T5131 |
T5132 |
aux |
to,exhibit |
R3580 |
T5132 |
T5129 |
xcomp |
exhibit,noted |
R3581 |
T5133 |
T5134 |
amod |
reduced,size |
R3582 |
T5134 |
T5132 |
dobj |
size,exhibit |
R3583 |
T5135 |
T5134 |
compound |
body,size |
R3584 |
T5136 |
T5134 |
cc |
and,size |
R3585 |
T5137 |
T5138 |
det |
an,appearance |
R3586 |
T5138 |
T5134 |
conj |
appearance,size |
R3587 |
T5139 |
T5138 |
amod |
abnormal,appearance |
R3588 |
T5140 |
T5138 |
amod |
craniofacial,appearance |
R3589 |
T5141 |
T5138 |
amod |
identical,appearance |
R3590 |
T5142 |
T5141 |
prep |
to,identical |
R3591 |
T5143 |
T5142 |
pobj |
that,to |
R3592 |
T5144 |
T5143 |
acl |
caused,that |
R3593 |
T5145 |
T5144 |
agent |
by,caused |
R3594 |
T5146 |
T5145 |
pobj |
deH,by |
R3595 |
T5147 |
T5129 |
punct |
.,noted |
R3596 |
T5149 |
T5150 |
nsubj |
We,generated |
R3597 |
T5150 |
T5151 |
ccomp |
generated,exhibited |
R3598 |
T5152 |
T5153 |
nmod |
Tbx15LacZ,deH |
R3599 |
T5153 |
T5155 |
compound |
deH,heterozygotes |
R3600 |
T5154 |
T5153 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3601 |
T5155 |
T5150 |
dobj |
heterozygotes,generated |
R3602 |
T5156 |
T5155 |
compound |
compound,heterozygotes |
R3603 |
T5157 |
T5151 |
punct |
;,exhibited |
R3604 |
T5158 |
T5151 |
prep |
on,exhibited |
R3605 |
T5159 |
T5160 |
det |
an,background |
R3606 |
T5160 |
T5158 |
pobj |
background,on |
R3607 |
T5161 |
T5162 |
compound |
Aw,at |
R3608 |
T5162 |
T5160 |
compound |
at,background |
R3609 |
T5163 |
T5162 |
punct |
/,at |
R3610 |
T5164 |
T5151 |
punct |
", ",exhibited |
R3611 |
T5165 |
T5166 |
det |
these,animals |
R3612 |
T5166 |
T5151 |
nsubj |
animals,exhibited |
R3613 |
T5167 |
T5168 |
det |
the,restriction |
R3614 |
T5168 |
T5151 |
dobj |
restriction,exhibited |
R3615 |
T5169 |
T5168 |
amod |
same,restriction |
R3616 |
T5170 |
T5168 |
amod |
abnormal,restriction |
R3617 |
T5171 |
T5168 |
prep |
of,restriction |
R3618 |
T5172 |
T5173 |
amod |
dorsal,pigmentation |
R3619 |
T5173 |
T5171 |
pobj |
pigmentation,of |
R3620 |
T5174 |
T5168 |
prep |
at,restriction |
R3621 |
T5175 |
T5174 |
pobj |
P3.5,at |
R3622 |
T5176 |
T5168 |
cc |
and,restriction |
R3623 |
T5177 |
T5178 |
amod |
expanded,area |
R3624 |
T5178 |
T5168 |
conj |
area,restriction |
R3625 |
T5179 |
T5178 |
amod |
yellow,area |
R3626 |
T5180 |
T5178 |
compound |
flank,area |
R3627 |
T5181 |
T5182 |
mark |
as,described |
R3628 |
T5182 |
T5151 |
advcl |
described,exhibited |
R3629 |
T5183 |
T5182 |
advmod |
above,described |
R3630 |
T5184 |
T5182 |
prep |
for,described |
R3631 |
T5185 |
T5186 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R3632 |
T5186 |
T5188 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R3633 |
T5187 |
T5186 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3634 |
T5188 |
T5184 |
pobj |
animals,for |
R3635 |
T5189 |
T5190 |
punct |
(,see |
R3636 |
T5190 |
T5151 |
parataxis |
see,exhibited |
R3637 |
T5191 |
T5190 |
dobj |
Figure,see |
R3638 |
T5192 |
T5191 |
nummod |
2,Figure |
R3639 |
T5193 |
T5190 |
punct |
),see |
R3640 |
T5194 |
T5151 |
punct |
.,exhibited |
R3641 |
T5196 |
T5197 |
det |
These,observations |
R3642 |
T5197 |
T5198 |
nsubj |
observations,demonstrate |
R3643 |
T5199 |
T5200 |
mark |
that,caused |
R3644 |
T5200 |
T5198 |
ccomp |
caused,demonstrate |
R3645 |
T5201 |
T5202 |
det |
the,characteristics |
R3646 |
T5202 |
T5200 |
nsubjpass |
characteristics,caused |
R3647 |
T5203 |
T5202 |
amod |
pigmentary,characteristics |
R3648 |
T5204 |
T5203 |
cc |
and,pigmentary |
R3649 |
T5205 |
T5203 |
conj |
craniofacial,pigmentary |
R3650 |
T5206 |
T5202 |
prep |
of,characteristics |
R3651 |
T5207 |
T5206 |
pobj |
deH,of |
R3652 |
T5208 |
T5200 |
auxpass |
are,caused |
R3653 |
T5209 |
T5200 |
agent |
by,caused |
R3654 |
T5210 |
T5209 |
pobj |
loss,by |
R3655 |
T5211 |
T5210 |
prep |
of,loss |
R3656 |
T5212 |
T5211 |
pobj |
function,of |
R3657 |
T5213 |
T5210 |
prep |
for,loss |
R3658 |
T5214 |
T5213 |
pobj |
Tbx15,for |
R3659 |
T5215 |
T5198 |
punct |
.,demonstrate |
R3666 |
T5466 |
T5465 |
prep |
of,Expression |
R3667 |
T5467 |
T5466 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R3668 |
T5468 |
T5467 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R3669 |
T5469 |
T5467 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R3670 |
T5471 |
T5472 |
amod |
Previous,studies |
R3671 |
T5472 |
T5473 |
nsubj |
studies,described |
R3672 |
T5474 |
T5472 |
prep |
by,studies |
R3673 |
T5475 |
T5474 |
pobj |
Agulnik,by |
R3674 |
T5476 |
T5477 |
advmod |
et,al. |
R3675 |
T5477 |
T5475 |
advmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R3676 |
T5478 |
T5475 |
punct |
(,Agulnik |
R3677 |
T5479 |
T5475 |
npadvmod |
1998,Agulnik |
R3678 |
T5480 |
T5475 |
punct |
),Agulnik |
R3679 |
T5481 |
T5472 |
acl |
using,studies |
R3680 |
T5482 |
T5483 |
amod |
whole,mount |
R3681 |
T5483 |
T5485 |
nmod |
mount,hybridization |
R3682 |
T5484 |
T5483 |
punct |
-,mount |
R3683 |
T5485 |
T5481 |
dobj |
hybridization,using |
R3684 |
T5486 |
T5487 |
advmod |
in,situ |
R3685 |
T5487 |
T5485 |
amod |
situ,hybridization |
R3686 |
T5488 |
T5473 |
dobj |
expression,described |
R3687 |
T5489 |
T5488 |
prep |
of,expression |
R3688 |
T5490 |
T5489 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R3689 |
T5491 |
T5473 |
prep |
as,described |
R3690 |
T5492 |
T5493 |
advmod |
first,detectable |
R3691 |
T5493 |
T5491 |
pcomp |
detectable,as |
R3692 |
T5494 |
T5493 |
prep |
at,detectable |
R3693 |
T5495 |
T5494 |
pobj |
E9.5,at |
R3694 |
T5496 |
T5493 |
prep |
in,detectable |
R3695 |
T5497 |
T5498 |
det |
the,buds |
R3696 |
T5498 |
T5496 |
pobj |
buds,in |
R3697 |
T5499 |
T5498 |
compound |
limb,buds |
R3698 |
T5500 |
T5493 |
punct |
", ",detectable |
R3699 |
T5501 |
T5493 |
advcl |
progressing,detectable |
R3700 |
T5502 |
T5501 |
prep |
to,progressing |
R3701 |
T5503 |
T5504 |
det |
the,arches |
R3702 |
T5504 |
T5502 |
pobj |
arches,to |
R3703 |
T5505 |
T5504 |
amod |
branchial,arches |
R3704 |
T5506 |
T5504 |
punct |
", ",arches |
R3705 |
T5507 |
T5504 |
conj |
flanks,arches |
R3706 |
T5508 |
T5507 |
punct |
", ",flanks |
R3707 |
T5509 |
T5507 |
cc |
and,flanks |
R3708 |
T5510 |
T5511 |
amod |
craniofacial,regions |
R3709 |
T5511 |
T5507 |
conj |
regions,flanks |
R3710 |
T5512 |
T5501 |
prep |
through,progressing |
R3711 |
T5513 |
T5512 |
pobj |
E12.5,through |
R3712 |
T5514 |
T5473 |
punct |
.,described |
R3713 |
T5516 |
T5517 |
aux |
To,investigate |
R3714 |
T5517 |
T5518 |
advcl |
investigate,hybridized |
R3715 |
T5519 |
T5520 |
det |
this,pattern |
R3716 |
T5520 |
T5517 |
dobj |
pattern,investigate |
R3717 |
T5521 |
T5517 |
prep |
in,investigate |
R3718 |
T5522 |
T5523 |
amod |
more,detail |
R3719 |
T5523 |
T5521 |
pobj |
detail,in |
R3720 |
T5524 |
T5518 |
punct |
", ",hybridized |
R3721 |
T5525 |
T5518 |
nsubj |
we,hybridized |
R3722 |
T5526 |
T5527 |
det |
a,probe |
R3723 |
T5527 |
T5518 |
dobj |
probe,hybridized |
R3724 |
T5528 |
T5527 |
compound |
Tbx15,probe |
R3725 |
T5529 |
T5527 |
compound |
mRNA,probe |
R3726 |
T5530 |
T5518 |
prep |
to,hybridized |
R3727 |
T5531 |
T5532 |
det |
a,series |
R3728 |
T5532 |
T5530 |
pobj |
series,to |
R3729 |
T5533 |
T5532 |
prep |
of,series |
R3730 |
T5534 |
T5535 |
amod |
transverse,sections |
R3731 |
T5535 |
T5533 |
pobj |
sections,of |
R3732 |
T5536 |
T5518 |
prep |
at,hybridized |
R3733 |
T5537 |
T5536 |
pobj |
E12.5,at |
R3734 |
T5538 |
T5518 |
cc |
and,hybridized |
R3735 |
T5539 |
T5518 |
conj |
observed,hybridized |
R3736 |
T5540 |
T5539 |
dobj |
expression,observed |
R3737 |
T5541 |
T5540 |
prep |
in,expression |
R3738 |
T5542 |
T5543 |
amod |
multiple,tissues |
R3739 |
T5543 |
T5541 |
pobj |
tissues,in |
R3740 |
T5544 |
T5543 |
amod |
mesenchymal,tissues |
R3741 |
T5545 |
T5543 |
prep |
of,tissues |
R3742 |
T5546 |
T5547 |
det |
the,head |
R3743 |
T5547 |
T5545 |
pobj |
head,of |
R3744 |
T5548 |
T5547 |
punct |
", ",head |
R3745 |
T5549 |
T5547 |
conj |
trunk,head |
R3746 |
T5550 |
T5549 |
punct |
", ",trunk |
R3747 |
T5551 |
T5549 |
cc |
and,trunk |
R3748 |
T5552 |
T5553 |
amod |
developing,limbs |
R3749 |
T5553 |
T5549 |
conj |
limbs,trunk |
R3750 |
T5554 |
T5555 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R3751 |
T5555 |
T5540 |
parataxis |
Figure,expression |
R3752 |
T5556 |
T5555 |
nummod |
4A,Figure |
R3753 |
T5557 |
T5555 |
punct |
),Figure |
R3754 |
T5558 |
T5540 |
punct |
", ",expression |
R3755 |
T5559 |
T5560 |
dep |
much,is |
R3756 |
T5560 |
T5540 |
relcl |
is,expression |
R3757 |
T5561 |
T5559 |
prep |
of,much |
R3758 |
T5562 |
T5561 |
pobj |
which,of |
R3759 |
T5563 |
T5560 |
acomp |
consistent,is |
R3760 |
T5564 |
T5563 |
prep |
with,consistent |
R3761 |
T5565 |
T5566 |
det |
the,malformations |
R3762 |
T5566 |
T5564 |
pobj |
malformations,with |
R3763 |
T5567 |
T5566 |
nmod |
skull,malformations |
R3764 |
T5568 |
T5567 |
punct |
", ",skull |
R3765 |
T5569 |
T5570 |
amod |
cervical,vertebrae |
R3766 |
T5570 |
T5567 |
conj |
vertebrae,skull |
R3767 |
T5571 |
T5570 |
punct |
", ",vertebrae |
R3768 |
T5572 |
T5570 |
cc |
and,vertebrae |
R3769 |
T5573 |
T5570 |
conj |
limb,vertebrae |
R3770 |
T5574 |
T5566 |
acl |
reported,malformations |
R3771 |
T5575 |
T5574 |
prep |
for,reported |
R3772 |
T5576 |
T5575 |
pobj |
mice,for |
R3773 |
T5577 |
T5576 |
acl |
carrying,mice |
R3774 |
T5578 |
T5579 |
det |
the,allele |
R3775 |
T5579 |
T5577 |
dobj |
allele,carrying |
R3776 |
T5580 |
T5579 |
amod |
original,allele |
R3777 |
T5581 |
T5582 |
amod |
droopy,ear |
R3778 |
T5582 |
T5579 |
compound |
ear,allele |
R3779 |
T5583 |
T5518 |
punct |
.,hybridized |
R3780 |
T5585 |
T5586 |
nsubj |
We,were |
R3781 |
T5587 |
T5588 |
advmod |
particularly,interested |
R3782 |
T5588 |
T5586 |
acomp |
interested,were |
R3783 |
T5589 |
T5588 |
prep |
in,interested |
R3784 |
T5590 |
T5589 |
pcomp |
determining,in |
R3785 |
T5591 |
T5592 |
det |
the,nature |
R3786 |
T5592 |
T5590 |
dobj |
nature,determining |
R3787 |
T5593 |
T5592 |
amod |
exact,nature |
R3788 |
T5594 |
T5592 |
prep |
of,nature |
R3789 |
T5595 |
T5596 |
det |
the,expression |
R3790 |
T5596 |
T5594 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R3791 |
T5597 |
T5596 |
amod |
embryonic,expression |
R3792 |
T5598 |
T5596 |
compound |
flank,expression |
R3793 |
T5599 |
T5592 |
amod |
relative,nature |
R3794 |
T5600 |
T5599 |
prep |
to,relative |
R3795 |
T5601 |
T5602 |
det |
the,phenotype |
R3796 |
T5602 |
T5600 |
pobj |
phenotype,to |
R3797 |
T5603 |
T5602 |
amod |
ventralized,phenotype |
R3798 |
T5604 |
T5602 |
prep |
of,phenotype |
R3799 |
T5605 |
T5606 |
amod |
adult,mice |
R3800 |
T5606 |
T5604 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R3801 |
T5607 |
T5608 |
nmod |
deH,deH |
R3802 |
T5608 |
T5606 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R3803 |
T5609 |
T5608 |
punct |
/,deH |
R3804 |
T5610 |
T5586 |
punct |
.,were |
R3805 |
T5612 |
T5613 |
amod |
Transverse,sections |
R3806 |
T5613 |
T5615 |
nsubj |
sections,reveal |
R3807 |
T5614 |
T5613 |
amod |
abdominal,sections |
R3808 |
T5616 |
T5613 |
prep |
from,sections |
R3809 |
T5617 |
T5618 |
amod |
different,times |
R3810 |
T5618 |
T5616 |
pobj |
times,from |
R3811 |
T5619 |
T5618 |
prep |
during,times |
R3812 |
T5620 |
T5619 |
pobj |
development,during |
R3813 |
T5621 |
T5622 |
det |
a,band |
R3814 |
T5622 |
T5615 |
dobj |
band,reveal |
R3815 |
T5623 |
T5622 |
amod |
dorsolateral,band |
R3816 |
T5624 |
T5622 |
prep |
of,band |
R3817 |
T5625 |
T5624 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R3818 |
T5626 |
T5622 |
prep |
in,band |
R3819 |
T5627 |
T5628 |
det |
the,mesenchyme |
R3820 |
T5628 |
T5626 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R3821 |
T5629 |
T5628 |
amod |
superficial,mesenchyme |
R3822 |
T5630 |
T5622 |
prep |
at,band |
R3823 |
T5631 |
T5630 |
pobj |
E11.5,at |
R3824 |
T5632 |
T5633 |
dep |
that,broadens |
R3825 |
T5633 |
T5622 |
relcl |
broadens,band |
R3826 |
T5634 |
T5635 |
preconj |
both,dorsally |
R3827 |
T5635 |
T5633 |
advmod |
dorsally,broadens |
R3828 |
T5636 |
T5635 |
cc |
and,dorsally |
R3829 |
T5637 |
T5635 |
conj |
ventrally,dorsally |
R3830 |
T5638 |
T5633 |
prep |
over,broadens |
R3831 |
T5639 |
T5640 |
det |
the,days |
R3832 |
T5640 |
T5638 |
pobj |
days,over |
R3833 |
T5641 |
T5640 |
amod |
next,days |
R3834 |
T5642 |
T5640 |
amod |
several,days |
R3835 |
T5643 |
T5644 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R3836 |
T5644 |
T5633 |
parataxis |
Figure,broadens |
R3837 |
T5645 |
T5644 |
nummod |
4B,Figure |
R3838 |
T5646 |
T5644 |
punct |
),Figure |
R3839 |
T5647 |
T5615 |
punct |
.,reveal |
R3840 |
T5649 |
T5650 |
prep |
By,become |
R3841 |
T5650 |
T5657 |
ccomp |
become,expressed |
R3842 |
T5651 |
T5649 |
pobj |
E13.5,By |
R3843 |
T5652 |
T5650 |
punct |
", ",become |
R3844 |
T5653 |
T5654 |
det |
the,dermis |
R3845 |
T5654 |
T5650 |
nsubj |
dermis,become |
R3846 |
T5655 |
T5654 |
amod |
developing,dermis |
R3847 |
T5656 |
T5650 |
aux |
has,become |
R3848 |
T5658 |
T5650 |
acomp |
separated,become |
R3849 |
T5659 |
T5658 |
prep |
from,separated |
R3850 |
T5660 |
T5661 |
det |
the,mesenchyme |
R3851 |
T5661 |
T5659 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,from |
R3852 |
T5662 |
T5661 |
amod |
loose,mesenchyme |
R3853 |
T5663 |
T5650 |
prep |
by,become |
R3854 |
T5664 |
T5665 |
det |
a,layer |
R3855 |
T5665 |
T5663 |
pobj |
layer,by |
R3856 |
T5666 |
T5665 |
amod |
subcutaneous,layer |
R3857 |
T5667 |
T5665 |
compound |
muscle,layer |
R3858 |
T5668 |
T5657 |
punct |
;,expressed |
R3859 |
T5669 |
T5657 |
nsubjpass |
Tbx15,expressed |
R3860 |
T5670 |
T5657 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R3861 |
T5671 |
T5657 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R3862 |
T5672 |
T5671 |
pobj |
all,in |
R3863 |
T5673 |
T5672 |
prep |
of,all |
R3864 |
T5674 |
T5675 |
det |
these,layers |
R3865 |
T5675 |
T5673 |
pobj |
layers,of |
R3866 |
T5676 |
T5677 |
advmod |
as,as |
R3867 |
T5677 |
T5672 |
cc |
as,all |
R3868 |
T5678 |
T5677 |
advmod |
well,as |
R3869 |
T5679 |
T5680 |
det |
the,muscles |
R3870 |
T5680 |
T5672 |
conj |
muscles,all |
R3871 |
T5681 |
T5680 |
amod |
underlying,muscles |
R3872 |
T5682 |
T5680 |
amod |
abdominal,muscles |
R3873 |
T5683 |
T5657 |
punct |
.,expressed |
R3874 |
T5685 |
T5686 |
prep |
In,expressed |
R3875 |
T5686 |
T5692 |
ccomp |
expressed,detected |
R3876 |
T5687 |
T5688 |
compound |
P3.5,skin |
R3877 |
T5688 |
T5685 |
pobj |
skin,In |
R3878 |
T5689 |
T5686 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R3879 |
T5690 |
T5686 |
nsubjpass |
Tbx15,expressed |
R3880 |
T5691 |
T5686 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R3881 |
T5693 |
T5686 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R3882 |
T5694 |
T5695 |
preconj |
both,dorsal |
R3883 |
T5695 |
T5696 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R3884 |
T5696 |
T5693 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R3885 |
T5697 |
T5695 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R3886 |
T5698 |
T5695 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R3887 |
T5699 |
T5686 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R3888 |
T5700 |
T5701 |
advmod |
most,strongly |
R3889 |
T5701 |
T5686 |
advmod |
strongly,expressed |
R3890 |
T5702 |
T5701 |
prep |
in,strongly |
R3891 |
T5703 |
T5704 |
det |
the,dermis |
R3892 |
T5704 |
T5702 |
pobj |
dermis,in |
R3893 |
T5705 |
T5704 |
amod |
condensed,dermis |
R3894 |
T5706 |
T5704 |
amod |
upper,dermis |
R3895 |
T5707 |
T5704 |
cc |
and,dermis |
R3896 |
T5708 |
T5709 |
amod |
developing,sheaths |
R3897 |
T5709 |
T5704 |
conj |
sheaths,dermis |
R3898 |
T5710 |
T5709 |
amod |
dermal,sheaths |
R3899 |
T5711 |
T5704 |
prep |
of,dermis |
R3900 |
T5712 |
T5713 |
compound |
hair,follicles |
R3901 |
T5713 |
T5711 |
pobj |
follicles,of |
R3902 |
T5714 |
T5692 |
punct |
;,detected |
R3903 |
T5715 |
T5716 |
amod |
faint,expression |
R3904 |
T5716 |
T5692 |
nsubjpass |
expression,detected |
R3905 |
T5717 |
T5692 |
aux |
can,detected |
R3906 |
T5718 |
T5692 |
advmod |
also,detected |
R3907 |
T5719 |
T5692 |
auxpass |
be,detected |
R3908 |
T5720 |
T5692 |
prep |
in,detected |
R3909 |
T5721 |
T5722 |
amod |
rare,cells |
R3910 |
T5722 |
T5720 |
pobj |
cells,in |
R3911 |
T5723 |
T5722 |
amod |
dermal,cells |
R3912 |
T5724 |
T5722 |
compound |
papillae,cells |
R3913 |
T5725 |
T5726 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R3914 |
T5726 |
T5692 |
parataxis |
Figure,detected |
R3915 |
T5727 |
T5726 |
nummod |
4B,Figure |
R3916 |
T5728 |
T5726 |
punct |
),Figure |
R3917 |
T5729 |
T5692 |
punct |
.,detected |
R3918 |
T5731 |
T5732 |
mark |
Although,occur |
R3919 |
T5732 |
T5742 |
advcl |
occur,expressed |
R3920 |
T5733 |
T5734 |
det |
the,effects |
R3921 |
T5734 |
T5732 |
nsubj |
effects,occur |
R3922 |
T5735 |
T5734 |
prep |
of,effects |
R3923 |
T5736 |
T5735 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R3924 |
T5737 |
T5734 |
prep |
on,effects |
R3925 |
T5738 |
T5739 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R3926 |
T5739 |
T5737 |
pobj |
type,on |
R3927 |
T5740 |
T5739 |
punct |
-,type |
R3928 |
T5741 |
T5739 |
amod |
switching,type |
R3929 |
T5743 |
T5732 |
prep |
during,occur |
R3930 |
T5744 |
T5745 |
amod |
postnatal,growth |
R3931 |
T5745 |
T5743 |
pobj |
growth,during |
R3932 |
T5746 |
T5745 |
compound |
hair,growth |
R3933 |
T5747 |
T5742 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R3934 |
T5748 |
T5749 |
det |
the,isoform |
R3935 |
T5749 |
T5742 |
nsubjpass |
isoform,expressed |
R3936 |
T5750 |
T5751 |
amod |
ventral,specific |
R3937 |
T5751 |
T5749 |
amod |
specific,isoform |
R3938 |
T5752 |
T5751 |
punct |
-,specific |
R3939 |
T5753 |
T5749 |
prep |
of,isoform |
R3940 |
T5754 |
T5753 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R3941 |
T5755 |
T5742 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R3942 |
T5756 |
T5742 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R3943 |
T5757 |
T5758 |
amod |
developing,skin |
R3944 |
T5758 |
T5756 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R3945 |
T5759 |
T5742 |
advcl |
beginning,expressed |
R3946 |
T5760 |
T5759 |
prep |
at,beginning |
R3947 |
T5761 |
T5760 |
pobj |
E11.5,at |
R3948 |
T5762 |
T5742 |
punct |
.,expressed |
R3949 |
T5764 |
T5765 |
nsubj |
We,compared |
R3950 |
T5766 |
T5767 |
amod |
adjacent,sections |
R3951 |
T5767 |
T5765 |
dobj |
sections,compared |
R3952 |
T5768 |
T5767 |
acl |
hybridized,sections |
R3953 |
T5769 |
T5768 |
prep |
with,hybridized |
R3954 |
T5770 |
T5769 |
pobj |
probes,with |
R3955 |
T5771 |
T5770 |
prep |
for,probes |
R3956 |
T5772 |
T5771 |
pobj |
Tbx15,for |
R3957 |
T5773 |
T5772 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R3958 |
T5774 |
T5772 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R3959 |
T5775 |
T5776 |
cc |
and,observed |
R3960 |
T5776 |
T5765 |
dep |
observed,compared |
R3961 |
T5777 |
T5778 |
amod |
complementary,patterns |
R3962 |
T5778 |
T5776 |
dobj |
patterns,observed |
R3963 |
T5779 |
T5776 |
prep |
at,observed |
R3964 |
T5780 |
T5779 |
pobj |
E12.5,at |
R3965 |
T5781 |
T5776 |
punct |
", ",observed |
R3966 |
T5782 |
T5783 |
mark |
with,expression |
R3967 |
T5783 |
T5776 |
advcl |
expression,observed |
R3968 |
T5784 |
T5783 |
prep |
of,expression |
R3969 |
T5785 |
T5784 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R3970 |
T5786 |
T5783 |
prep |
in,expression |
R3971 |
T5787 |
T5788 |
amod |
ventral,skin |
R3972 |
T5788 |
T5786 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R3973 |
T5789 |
T5783 |
cc |
and,expression |
R3974 |
T5790 |
T5783 |
conj |
expression,expression |
R3975 |
T5791 |
T5790 |
prep |
of,expression |
R3976 |
T5792 |
T5791 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R3977 |
T5793 |
T5790 |
prep |
in,expression |
R3978 |
T5794 |
T5795 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R3979 |
T5795 |
T5793 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R3980 |
T5796 |
T5797 |
punct |
(,5A |
R3981 |
T5797 |
T5776 |
parataxis |
5A,observed |
R3982 |
T5798 |
T5797 |
nmod |
Figure,5A |
R3983 |
T5799 |
T5797 |
cc |
and,5A |
R3984 |
T5800 |
T5797 |
conj |
5B,5A |
R3985 |
T5801 |
T5797 |
punct |
),5A |
R3986 |
T5802 |
T5765 |
punct |
.,compared |
R3987 |
T5804 |
T5805 |
det |
The,junction |
R3988 |
T5805 |
T5806 |
nsubj |
junction,is |
R3989 |
T5807 |
T5805 |
prep |
between,junction |
R3990 |
T5808 |
T5809 |
compound |
expression,domains |
R3991 |
T5809 |
T5807 |
pobj |
domains,between |
R3992 |
T5810 |
T5806 |
acomp |
indistinct,is |
R3993 |
T5811 |
T5806 |
punct |
", ",is |
R3994 |
T5812 |
T5806 |
cc |
and,is |
R3995 |
T5813 |
T5814 |
prep |
by,extends |
R3996 |
T5814 |
T5806 |
conj |
extends,is |
R3997 |
T5815 |
T5813 |
pobj |
E14.5,by |
R3998 |
T5816 |
T5814 |
punct |
", ",extends |
R3999 |
T5817 |
T5818 |
compound |
Tbx15,expression |
R4000 |
T5818 |
T5814 |
nsubj |
expression,extends |
R4001 |
T5819 |
T5814 |
advmod |
ventrally,extends |
R4002 |
T5820 |
T5814 |
cc |
and,extends |
R4003 |
T5821 |
T5814 |
conj |
overlaps,extends |
R4004 |
T5822 |
T5821 |
advmod |
extensively,overlaps |
R4005 |
T5823 |
T5821 |
prep |
with,overlaps |
R4006 |
T5824 |
T5825 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R4007 |
T5825 |
T5823 |
pobj |
expression,with |
R4008 |
T5826 |
T5827 |
punct |
(,5C |
R4009 |
T5827 |
T5821 |
parataxis |
5C,overlaps |
R4010 |
T5828 |
T5827 |
nmod |
Figure,5C |
R4011 |
T5829 |
T5827 |
cc |
and,5C |
R4012 |
T5830 |
T5827 |
conj |
5D,5C |
R4013 |
T5831 |
T5827 |
punct |
),5C |
R4014 |
T5832 |
T5814 |
punct |
.,extends |
R4015 |
T5834 |
T5835 |
nsubj |
We,examined |
R4016 |
T5836 |
T5835 |
advmod |
also,examined |
R4017 |
T5837 |
T5838 |
det |
the,effect |
R4018 |
T5838 |
T5835 |
dobj |
effect,examined |
R4019 |
T5839 |
T5838 |
prep |
of,effect |
R4020 |
T5840 |
T5839 |
pobj |
deH,of |
R4021 |
T5841 |
T5838 |
prep |
on,effect |
R4022 |
T5842 |
T5841 |
pobj |
expression,on |
R4023 |
T5843 |
T5842 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4024 |
T5844 |
T5843 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R4025 |
T5845 |
T5835 |
cc |
and,examined |
R4026 |
T5846 |
T5835 |
conj |
found,examined |
R4027 |
T5847 |
T5848 |
det |
no,difference |
R4028 |
T5848 |
T5846 |
dobj |
difference,found |
R4029 |
T5849 |
T5848 |
prep |
between,difference |
R4030 |
T5850 |
T5849 |
pobj |
mutant,between |
R4031 |
T5851 |
T5850 |
cc |
and,mutant |
R4032 |
T5852 |
T5850 |
conj |
nonmutant,mutant |
R4033 |
T5853 |
T5846 |
prep |
at,found |
R4034 |
T5854 |
T5853 |
pobj |
E12.5,at |
R4035 |
T5855 |
T5854 |
cc |
or,E12.5 |
R4036 |
T5856 |
T5854 |
conj |
E13.5,E12.5 |
R4037 |
T5857 |
T5858 |
punct |
(,shown |
R4038 |
T5858 |
T5846 |
parataxis |
shown,found |
R4039 |
T5859 |
T5858 |
nsubj |
data,shown |
R4040 |
T5860 |
T5858 |
neg |
not,shown |
R4041 |
T5861 |
T5858 |
punct |
),shown |
R4042 |
T5862 |
T5835 |
punct |
.,examined |
R4043 |
T5864 |
T5865 |
advmod |
However,appeared |
R4044 |
T5866 |
T5865 |
punct |
", ",appeared |
R4045 |
T5867 |
T5865 |
prep |
at,appeared |
R4046 |
T5868 |
T5867 |
pobj |
E14.5,at |
R4047 |
T5869 |
T5865 |
punct |
", ",appeared |
R4048 |
T5870 |
T5871 |
det |
the,gradient |
R4049 |
T5871 |
T5865 |
nsubj |
gradient,appeared |
R4050 |
T5872 |
T5871 |
amod |
normal,gradient |
R4051 |
T5873 |
T5871 |
amod |
ventral,gradient |
R4052 |
T5874 |
T5873 |
punct |
-,ventral |
R4053 |
T5875 |
T5873 |
prep |
to,ventral |
R4054 |
T5876 |
T5875 |
punct |
-,to |
R4055 |
T5877 |
T5875 |
amod |
dorsal,to |
R4056 |
T5878 |
T5871 |
prep |
of,gradient |
R4057 |
T5879 |
T5880 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R4058 |
T5880 |
T5878 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R4059 |
T5881 |
T5882 |
aux |
to,extend |
R4060 |
T5882 |
T5865 |
xcomp |
extend,appeared |
R4061 |
T5883 |
T5884 |
advmod |
more,dorsally |
R4062 |
T5884 |
T5882 |
advmod |
dorsally,extend |
R4063 |
T5885 |
T5882 |
prep |
in,extend |
R4064 |
T5886 |
T5887 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R4065 |
T5887 |
T5889 |
compound |
deH,embryos |
R4066 |
T5888 |
T5887 |
punct |
/,deH |
R4067 |
T5889 |
T5885 |
pobj |
embryos,in |
R4068 |
T5890 |
T5891 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R4069 |
T5891 |
T5882 |
parataxis |
Figure,extend |
R4070 |
T5892 |
T5891 |
nummod |
6A,Figure |
R4071 |
T5893 |
T5891 |
punct |
),Figure |
R4072 |
T5894 |
T5865 |
punct |
.,appeared |
R4073 |
T5896 |
T5897 |
prep |
In,extended |
R4074 |
T5898 |
T5899 |
compound |
P4.5,skin |
R4075 |
T5899 |
T5896 |
pobj |
skin,In |
R4076 |
T5900 |
T5897 |
punct |
", ",extended |
R4077 |
T5901 |
T5897 |
nsubjpass |
expression,extended |
R4078 |
T5902 |
T5901 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4079 |
T5903 |
T5902 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R4080 |
T5904 |
T5897 |
auxpass |
is,extended |
R4081 |
T5905 |
T5897 |
advmod |
also,extended |
R4082 |
T5906 |
T5897 |
advmod |
dorsally,extended |
R4083 |
T5907 |
T5897 |
prep |
in,extended |
R4084 |
T5908 |
T5909 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R4085 |
T5909 |
T5911 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R4086 |
T5910 |
T5909 |
punct |
/,deH |
R4087 |
T5911 |
T5907 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R4088 |
T5912 |
T5897 |
cc |
and,extended |
R4089 |
T5913 |
T5897 |
conj |
is,extended |
R4090 |
T5914 |
T5915 |
advmod |
most,apparent |
R4091 |
T5915 |
T5913 |
acomp |
apparent,is |
R4092 |
T5916 |
T5913 |
prep |
in,is |
R4093 |
T5917 |
T5918 |
det |
the,region |
R4094 |
T5918 |
T5916 |
pobj |
region,in |
R4095 |
T5919 |
T5918 |
amod |
midflank,region |
R4096 |
T5920 |
T5913 |
prep |
within,is |
R4097 |
T5921 |
T5922 |
det |
the,dermis |
R4098 |
T5922 |
T5920 |
pobj |
dermis,within |
R4099 |
T5923 |
T5922 |
amod |
upper,dermis |
R4100 |
T5924 |
T5922 |
cc |
and,dermis |
R4101 |
T5925 |
T5926 |
amod |
dermal,cells |
R4102 |
T5926 |
T5922 |
conj |
cells,dermis |
R4103 |
T5927 |
T5926 |
compound |
papillae,cells |
R4104 |
T5928 |
T5929 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R4105 |
T5929 |
T5913 |
parataxis |
Figure,is |
R4106 |
T5930 |
T5929 |
nummod |
6B,Figure |
R4107 |
T5931 |
T5929 |
punct |
),Figure |
R4108 |
T5932 |
T5897 |
punct |
.,extended |
R4109 |
T5934 |
T5935 |
advmod |
Thus,are |
R4110 |
T5936 |
T5935 |
punct |
", ",are |
R4111 |
T5937 |
T5938 |
mark |
while,explained |
R4113 |
T5939 |
T5940 |
det |
the,phenotype |
R4114 |
T5940 |
T5938 |
nsubjpass |
phenotype,explained |
R4115 |
T5941 |
T5940 |
compound |
pigmentation,phenotype |
R4116 |
T5942 |
T5940 |
prep |
of,phenotype |
R4117 |
T5943 |
T5944 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R4118 |
T5944 |
T5946 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R4119 |
T5945 |
T5944 |
punct |
/,deH |
R4120 |
T5946 |
T5942 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R4121 |
T5947 |
T5938 |
aux |
can,explained |
R4122 |
T5948 |
T5938 |
auxpass |
be,explained |
R4123 |
T5949 |
T5938 |
punct |
", ",explained |
R4124 |
T5950 |
T5951 |
neg |
not,surprisingly |
R4125 |
T5951 |
T5938 |
advmod |
surprisingly,explained |
R4126 |
T5952 |
T5938 |
punct |
", ",explained |
R4127 |
T5953 |
T5938 |
agent |
by,explained |
R4128 |
T5954 |
T5955 |
amod |
dorsal,extension |
R4129 |
T5955 |
T5953 |
pobj |
extension,by |
R4130 |
T5956 |
T5955 |
prep |
of,extension |
R4131 |
T5957 |
T5958 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R4132 |
T5958 |
T5956 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R4133 |
T5959 |
T5955 |
prep |
after,extension |
R4134 |
T5960 |
T5959 |
pobj |
birth,after |
R4135 |
T5961 |
T5935 |
punct |
", ",are |
R4136 |
T5962 |
T5963 |
amod |
patterned,expression |
R4137 |
T5963 |
T5935 |
nsubj |
expression,are |
R4138 |
T5964 |
T5963 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4139 |
T5965 |
T5964 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R4140 |
T5966 |
T5965 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R4141 |
T5967 |
T5965 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R4142 |
T5968 |
T5935 |
acomp |
apparent,are |
R4143 |
T5969 |
T5970 |
quantmod |
some,10 |
R4144 |
T5970 |
T5971 |
nummod |
10,days |
R4145 |
T5971 |
T5972 |
npadvmod |
days,earlier |
R4146 |
T5972 |
T5935 |
advmod |
earlier,are |
R4147 |
T5973 |
T5935 |
punct |
", ",are |
R4148 |
T5974 |
T5935 |
prep |
between,are |
R4149 |
T5975 |
T5974 |
pobj |
E12.5,between |
R4150 |
T5976 |
T5975 |
cc |
and,E12.5 |
R4151 |
T5977 |
T5975 |
conj |
E13.5,E12.5 |
R4152 |
T5978 |
T5935 |
punct |
", ",are |
R4153 |
T5979 |
T5935 |
cc |
and,are |
R4154 |
T5980 |
T5981 |
det |
the,effects |
R4155 |
T5981 |
T5982 |
nsubjpass |
effects,detected |
R4156 |
T5982 |
T5935 |
conj |
detected,are |
R4157 |
T5983 |
T5981 |
prep |
of,effects |
R4158 |
T5984 |
T5985 |
compound |
Tbx15,deficiency |
R4159 |
T5985 |
T5983 |
pobj |
deficiency,of |
R4160 |
T5986 |
T5981 |
prep |
on,effects |
R4161 |
T5987 |
T5986 |
pobj |
expression,on |
R4162 |
T5988 |
T5987 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4163 |
T5989 |
T5988 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R4164 |
T5990 |
T5982 |
aux |
can,detected |
R4165 |
T5991 |
T5982 |
auxpass |
be,detected |
R4166 |
T5992 |
T5982 |
prep |
by,detected |
R4167 |
T5993 |
T5992 |
pobj |
E14.5,by |
R4168 |
T5994 |
T5935 |
punct |
.,are |
R4169 |
T6166 |
T6165 |
prep |
of,Relationship |
R4170 |
T6167 |
T6168 |
amod |
Embryonic,Expression |
R4171 |
T6168 |
T6166 |
pobj |
Expression,of |
R4172 |
T6169 |
T6168 |
compound |
Tbx15,Expression |
R4173 |
T6170 |
T6165 |
prep |
to,Relationship |
R4174 |
T6171 |
T6172 |
amod |
Dorsal,Domains |
R4175 |
T6172 |
T6170 |
pobj |
Domains,to |
R4176 |
T6173 |
T6171 |
cc |
and,Dorsal |
R4177 |
T6174 |
T6171 |
conj |
Ventral,Dorsal |
R4178 |
T6175 |
T6172 |
compound |
Pigmentation,Domains |
R4179 |
T6177 |
T6178 |
det |
The,observations |
R4180 |
T6178 |
T6179 |
nsubj |
observations,are |
R4181 |
T6180 |
T6178 |
acl |
described,observations |
R4182 |
T6181 |
T6180 |
advmod |
above,described |
R4183 |
T6182 |
T6179 |
acomp |
consistent,are |
R4184 |
T6183 |
T6182 |
prep |
with,consistent |
R4185 |
T6184 |
T6185 |
det |
a,model |
R4186 |
T6185 |
T6183 |
pobj |
model,with |
R4187 |
T6186 |
T6187 |
prep |
in,required |
R4188 |
T6187 |
T6185 |
relcl |
required,model |
R4189 |
T6188 |
T6186 |
pobj |
which,in |
R4190 |
T6189 |
T6190 |
amod |
transient,expression |
R4191 |
T6190 |
T6187 |
nsubjpass |
expression,required |
R4192 |
T6191 |
T6190 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4193 |
T6192 |
T6191 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R4194 |
T6193 |
T6190 |
prep |
in,expression |
R4195 |
T6194 |
T6195 |
det |
the,flank |
R4196 |
T6195 |
T6193 |
pobj |
flank,in |
R4197 |
T6196 |
T6195 |
amod |
embryonic,flank |
R4198 |
T6197 |
T6195 |
amod |
dorsal,flank |
R4199 |
T6198 |
T6187 |
auxpass |
is,required |
R4200 |
T6199 |
T6200 |
aux |
to,establish |
R4201 |
T6200 |
T6187 |
advcl |
establish,required |
R4202 |
T6201 |
T6202 |
amod |
positional,identity |
R4203 |
T6202 |
T6200 |
dobj |
identity,establish |
R4204 |
T6203 |
T6202 |
prep |
of,identity |
R4205 |
T6204 |
T6205 |
det |
the,dermis |
R4206 |
T6205 |
T6203 |
pobj |
dermis,of |
R4207 |
T6206 |
T6205 |
amod |
future,dermis |
R4208 |
T6207 |
T6200 |
punct |
", ",establish |
R4209 |
T6208 |
T6209 |
advmod |
at,least |
R4210 |
T6209 |
T6210 |
advmod |
least,with |
R4211 |
T6210 |
T6200 |
prep |
with,establish |
R4212 |
T6211 |
T6210 |
pobj |
respect,with |
R4213 |
T6212 |
T6211 |
prep |
to,respect |
R4214 |
T6213 |
T6214 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R4215 |
T6214 |
T6216 |
compound |
type,synthesis |
R4216 |
T6215 |
T6214 |
punct |
-,type |
R4217 |
T6216 |
T6212 |
pobj |
synthesis,to |
R4218 |
T6217 |
T6216 |
acl |
caused,synthesis |
R4219 |
T6218 |
T6217 |
agent |
by,caused |
R4220 |
T6219 |
T6220 |
det |
the,isoform |
R4221 |
T6220 |
T6218 |
pobj |
isoform,by |
R4222 |
T6221 |
T6222 |
amod |
ventral,specific |
R4223 |
T6222 |
T6220 |
amod |
specific,isoform |
R4224 |
T6223 |
T6222 |
punct |
-,specific |
R4225 |
T6224 |
T6220 |
compound |
Agouti,isoform |
R4226 |
T6225 |
T6179 |
punct |
.,are |
R4227 |
T6227 |
T6228 |
aux |
To,investigate |
R4228 |
T6228 |
T6230 |
advcl |
investigate,carried |
R4229 |
T6229 |
T6228 |
advmod |
further,investigate |
R4230 |
T6231 |
T6232 |
det |
this,hypothesis |
R4231 |
T6232 |
T6228 |
dobj |
hypothesis,investigate |
R4232 |
T6233 |
T6230 |
punct |
", ",carried |
R4233 |
T6234 |
T6230 |
nsubj |
we,carried |
R4234 |
T6235 |
T6230 |
prt |
out,carried |
R4235 |
T6236 |
T6237 |
compound |
transplantation,experiments |
R4236 |
T6237 |
T6230 |
dobj |
experiments,carried |
R4237 |
T6238 |
T6239 |
prep |
in,isolated |
R4238 |
T6239 |
T6237 |
relcl |
isolated,experiments |
R4239 |
T6240 |
T6238 |
pobj |
which,in |
R4240 |
T6241 |
T6239 |
nsubjpass |
pieces,isolated |
R4241 |
T6242 |
T6241 |
prep |
of,pieces |
R4242 |
T6243 |
T6244 |
amod |
embryonic,skin |
R4243 |
T6244 |
T6242 |
pobj |
skin,of |
R4244 |
T6245 |
T6239 |
auxpass |
were,isolated |
R4245 |
T6246 |
T6239 |
prep |
from,isolated |
R4246 |
T6247 |
T6248 |
amod |
different,positions |
R4247 |
T6248 |
T6246 |
pobj |
positions,from |
R4248 |
T6249 |
T6248 |
amod |
dorsoventral,positions |
R4249 |
T6250 |
T6230 |
punct |
.,carried |
R4250 |
T6252 |
T6253 |
nsubj |
We,evaluated |
R4251 |
T6254 |
T6255 |
det |
the,fragments |
R4252 |
T6255 |
T6253 |
dobj |
fragments,evaluated |
R4253 |
T6256 |
T6255 |
amod |
embryonic,fragments |
R4254 |
T6257 |
T6255 |
compound |
skin,fragments |
R4255 |
T6258 |
T6253 |
prep |
for,evaluated |
R4256 |
T6259 |
T6260 |
poss |
their,potential |
R4257 |
T6260 |
T6258 |
pobj |
potential,for |
R4258 |
T6261 |
T6262 |
aux |
to,give |
R4259 |
T6262 |
T6260 |
acl |
give,potential |
R4260 |
T6263 |
T6262 |
dobj |
rise,give |
R4261 |
T6264 |
T6262 |
prep |
to,give |
R4262 |
T6265 |
T6266 |
amod |
different,colors |
R4263 |
T6266 |
T6264 |
pobj |
colors,to |
R4264 |
T6267 |
T6266 |
compound |
hair,colors |
R4265 |
T6268 |
T6258 |
cc |
and,for |
R4266 |
T6269 |
T6258 |
conj |
for,for |
R4267 |
T6270 |
T6271 |
poss |
their,expression |
R4268 |
T6271 |
T6269 |
pobj |
expression,for |
R4269 |
T6272 |
T6271 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4270 |
T6273 |
T6272 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R4271 |
T6274 |
T6273 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R4272 |
T6275 |
T6273 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R4273 |
T6276 |
T6253 |
punct |
.,evaluated |
R4274 |
T6278 |
T6279 |
amod |
Previous,studies |
R4275 |
T6279 |
T6280 |
nsubj |
studies,showed |
R4276 |
T6281 |
T6279 |
prep |
by,studies |
R4277 |
T6282 |
T6281 |
pobj |
Silvers,by |
R4278 |
T6283 |
T6282 |
cc |
and,Silvers |
R4279 |
T6284 |
T6282 |
conj |
colleagues,Silvers |
R4280 |
T6285 |
T6286 |
punct |
(,Poole |
R4281 |
T6286 |
T6279 |
meta |
Poole,studies |
R4282 |
T6287 |
T6286 |
cc |
and,Poole |
R4283 |
T6288 |
T6286 |
conj |
Silvers,Poole |
R4284 |
T6289 |
T6288 |
nummod |
1976,Silvers |
R4285 |
T6290 |
T6288 |
punct |
),Silvers |
R4286 |
T6291 |
T6292 |
mark |
that,gives |
R4288 |
T6293 |
T6294 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R4289 |
T6294 |
T6292 |
nsubj |
skin,gives |
R4290 |
T6295 |
T6293 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R4291 |
T6296 |
T6293 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R4292 |
T6297 |
T6294 |
acl |
isolated,skin |
R4293 |
T6298 |
T6297 |
prep |
from,isolated |
R4294 |
T6299 |
T6300 |
compound |
at,at |
R4295 |
T6300 |
T6302 |
compound |
at,embryos |
R4296 |
T6301 |
T6300 |
punct |
/,at |
R4297 |
T6302 |
T6298 |
pobj |
embryos,from |
R4298 |
T6303 |
T6292 |
dobj |
rise,gives |
R4299 |
T6304 |
T6292 |
prep |
to,gives |
R4300 |
T6305 |
T6306 |
amod |
black,hair |
R4301 |
T6306 |
T6304 |
pobj |
hair,to |
R4302 |
T6307 |
T6305 |
cc |
and,black |
R4303 |
T6308 |
T6305 |
conj |
yellow,black |
R4304 |
T6309 |
T6292 |
punct |
", ",gives |
R4305 |
T6310 |
T6292 |
advmod |
respectively,gives |
R4306 |
T6311 |
T6292 |
punct |
", ",gives |
R4307 |
T6312 |
T6313 |
advmod |
when,transplanted |
R4308 |
T6313 |
T6292 |
advcl |
transplanted,gives |
R4309 |
T6314 |
T6313 |
prep |
into,transplanted |
R4310 |
T6315 |
T6314 |
pobj |
testis,into |
R4311 |
T6316 |
T6313 |
cc |
and,transplanted |
R4312 |
T6317 |
T6313 |
conj |
allowed,transplanted |
R4313 |
T6318 |
T6319 |
aux |
to,develop |
R4314 |
T6319 |
T6317 |
xcomp |
develop,allowed |
R4315 |
T6320 |
T6319 |
prep |
for,develop |
R4316 |
T6321 |
T6322 |
amod |
several,weeks |
R4317 |
T6322 |
T6320 |
pobj |
weeks,for |
R4318 |
T6323 |
T6280 |
punct |
.,showed |
R4319 |
T6325 |
T6326 |
advmod |
Furthermore,demonstrated |
R4320 |
T6327 |
T6326 |
punct |
", ",demonstrated |
R4321 |
T6328 |
T6329 |
amod |
dermal,epidermal |
R4322 |
T6329 |
T6331 |
amod |
epidermal,experiments |
R4323 |
T6330 |
T6329 |
punct |
–,epidermal |
R4324 |
T6331 |
T6326 |
nsubj |
experiments,demonstrated |
R4325 |
T6332 |
T6331 |
compound |
recombination,experiments |
R4326 |
T6333 |
T6331 |
acl |
carried,experiments |
R4327 |
T6334 |
T6333 |
prt |
out,carried |
R4328 |
T6335 |
T6333 |
prep |
at,carried |
R4329 |
T6336 |
T6335 |
pobj |
E14.5,at |
R4330 |
T6337 |
T6338 |
mark |
that,carried |
R4331 |
T6338 |
T6326 |
ccomp |
carried,demonstrated |
R4332 |
T6339 |
T6340 |
amod |
positional,identity |
R4333 |
T6340 |
T6338 |
nsubjpass |
identity,carried |
R4334 |
T6341 |
T6338 |
auxpass |
is,carried |
R4335 |
T6342 |
T6338 |
agent |
by,carried |
R4336 |
T6343 |
T6344 |
det |
the,dermis |
R4337 |
T6344 |
T6342 |
pobj |
dermis,by |
R4338 |
T6345 |
T6344 |
amod |
embryonic,dermis |
R4339 |
T6346 |
T6326 |
punct |
.,demonstrated |
R4340 |
T6348 |
T6349 |
prep |
In,divided |
R4341 |
T6350 |
T6351 |
det |
a,variation |
R4342 |
T6351 |
T6348 |
pobj |
variation,In |
R4343 |
T6352 |
T6351 |
prep |
on,variation |
R4344 |
T6353 |
T6354 |
det |
this,experiment |
R4345 |
T6354 |
T6352 |
pobj |
experiment,on |
R4346 |
T6355 |
T6349 |
punct |
", ",divided |
R4347 |
T6356 |
T6349 |
nsubj |
we,divided |
R4348 |
T6357 |
T6358 |
amod |
embryonic,skin |
R4349 |
T6358 |
T6349 |
dobj |
skin,divided |
R4350 |
T6359 |
T6358 |
prep |
from,skin |
R4351 |
T6360 |
T6361 |
compound |
at,a |
R4352 |
T6361 |
T6363 |
compound |
a,embryos |
R4353 |
T6362 |
T6361 |
punct |
/,a |
R4354 |
T6363 |
T6359 |
pobj |
embryos,from |
R4355 |
T6364 |
T6349 |
prep |
into,divided |
R4356 |
T6365 |
T6366 |
amod |
dorsal,pieces |
R4357 |
T6366 |
T6364 |
pobj |
pieces,into |
R4358 |
T6367 |
T6365 |
punct |
", ",dorsal |
R4359 |
T6368 |
T6365 |
conj |
flank,dorsal |
R4360 |
T6369 |
T6368 |
punct |
", ",flank |
R4361 |
T6370 |
T6368 |
cc |
and,flank |
R4362 |
T6371 |
T6368 |
conj |
ventral,flank |
R4363 |
T6372 |
T6349 |
cc |
and,divided |
R4364 |
T6373 |
T6349 |
conj |
analyzed,divided |
R4365 |
T6374 |
T6375 |
det |
the,pieces |
R4366 |
T6375 |
T6373 |
dobj |
pieces,analyzed |
R4367 |
T6376 |
T6375 |
amod |
different,pieces |
R4368 |
T6377 |
T6373 |
prep |
for,analyzed |
R4369 |
T6378 |
T6379 |
poss |
their,ability |
R4370 |
T6379 |
T6377 |
pobj |
ability,for |
R4371 |
T6380 |
T6381 |
aux |
to,give |
R4372 |
T6381 |
T6379 |
acl |
give,ability |
R4373 |
T6382 |
T6381 |
dobj |
rise,give |
R4374 |
T6383 |
T6381 |
prep |
to,give |
R4375 |
T6384 |
T6385 |
amod |
black,hair |
R4376 |
T6385 |
T6383 |
pobj |
hair,to |
R4377 |
T6386 |
T6384 |
cc |
or,black |
R4378 |
T6387 |
T6384 |
conj |
yellow,black |
R4379 |
T6388 |
T6381 |
prep |
after,give |
R4380 |
T6389 |
T6390 |
compound |
testis,transplantation |
R4381 |
T6390 |
T6388 |
pobj |
transplantation,after |
R4382 |
T6391 |
T6377 |
punct |
", ",for |
R4383 |
T6392 |
T6377 |
cc |
and,for |
R4384 |
T6393 |
T6394 |
punct |
", ",for |
R4385 |
T6394 |
T6377 |
conj |
for,for |
R4386 |
T6395 |
T6394 |
prep |
in,for |
R4387 |
T6396 |
T6395 |
pobj |
parallel,in |
R4388 |
T6397 |
T6394 |
punct |
", ",for |
R4389 |
T6398 |
T6399 |
compound |
gene,expression |
R4390 |
T6399 |
T6394 |
pobj |
expression,for |
R4391 |
T6400 |
T6373 |
advcl |
using,analyzed |
R4392 |
T6401 |
T6402 |
advmod |
in,situ |
R4393 |
T6402 |
T6403 |
amod |
situ,hybridization |
R4394 |
T6403 |
T6400 |
dobj |
hybridization,using |
R4395 |
T6404 |
T6349 |
punct |
.,divided |
R4396 |
T6406 |
T6407 |
prep |
For,divided |
R4397 |
T6408 |
T6409 |
det |
the,purposes |
R4398 |
T6409 |
T6406 |
pobj |
purposes,For |
R4399 |
T6410 |
T6409 |
prep |
of,purposes |
R4400 |
T6411 |
T6412 |
det |
a,boundary |
R4401 |
T6412 |
T6410 |
pobj |
boundary,of |
R4402 |
T6413 |
T6412 |
amod |
reproducible,boundary |
R4403 |
T6414 |
T6412 |
amod |
morphologic,boundary |
R4404 |
T6415 |
T6407 |
punct |
", ",divided |
R4405 |
T6416 |
T6407 |
nsubj |
we,divided |
R4406 |
T6417 |
T6407 |
dobj |
flank,divided |
R4407 |
T6418 |
T6417 |
prep |
from,flank |
R4408 |
T6419 |
T6418 |
pobj |
ventral,from |
R4409 |
T6420 |
T6417 |
appos |
skin,flank |
R4410 |
T6421 |
T6407 |
prep |
based,divided |
R4411 |
T6422 |
T6421 |
prep |
on,based |
R4412 |
T6423 |
T6424 |
det |
a,change |
R4413 |
T6424 |
T6422 |
pobj |
change,on |
R4414 |
T6425 |
T6424 |
prep |
in,change |
R4415 |
T6426 |
T6427 |
compound |
skin,thickness |
R4416 |
T6427 |
T6425 |
pobj |
thickness,in |
R4417 |
T6428 |
T6407 |
cc |
and,divided |
R4418 |
T6429 |
T6407 |
conj |
divided,divided |
R4419 |
T6430 |
T6429 |
dobj |
dorsal,divided |
R4420 |
T6431 |
T6430 |
prep |
from,dorsal |
R4421 |
T6432 |
T6431 |
pobj |
flank,from |
R4422 |
T6433 |
T6430 |
appos |
skin,dorsal |
R4423 |
T6434 |
T6429 |
prep |
at,divided |
R4424 |
T6435 |
T6436 |
det |
the,level |
R4425 |
T6436 |
T6434 |
pobj |
level,at |
R4426 |
T6437 |
T6436 |
prep |
of,level |
R4427 |
T6438 |
T6439 |
det |
an,notch |
R4428 |
T6439 |
T6437 |
pobj |
notch,of |
R4429 |
T6440 |
T6439 |
amod |
ectodermal,notch |
R4430 |
T6441 |
T6442 |
dep |
that,lies |
R4431 |
T6442 |
T6439 |
relcl |
lies,notch |
R4432 |
T6443 |
T6442 |
prep |
at,lies |
R4433 |
T6444 |
T6445 |
det |
the,level |
R4434 |
T6445 |
T6443 |
pobj |
level,at |
R4435 |
T6446 |
T6445 |
amod |
same,level |
R4436 |
T6447 |
T6445 |
prep |
as,level |
R4437 |
T6448 |
T6449 |
det |
the,extent |
R4438 |
T6449 |
T6447 |
pobj |
extent,as |
R4439 |
T6450 |
T6449 |
amod |
ventral,extent |
R4440 |
T6451 |
T6449 |
prep |
of,extent |
R4441 |
T6452 |
T6453 |
det |
the,myotome |
R4442 |
T6453 |
T6451 |
pobj |
myotome,of |
R4443 |
T6454 |
T6455 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R4444 |
T6455 |
T6429 |
parataxis |
Figure,divided |
R4445 |
T6456 |
T6455 |
nummod |
7,Figure |
R4446 |
T6457 |
T6455 |
punct |
),Figure |
R4447 |
T6458 |
T6459 |
punct |
(,Huang |
R4448 |
T6459 |
T6429 |
meta |
Huang,divided |
R4449 |
T6460 |
T6459 |
cc |
and,Huang |
R4450 |
T6461 |
T6459 |
conj |
Christ,Huang |
R4451 |
T6462 |
T6461 |
nummod |
2000,Christ |
R4452 |
T6463 |
T6461 |
punct |
;,Christ |
R4453 |
T6464 |
T6461 |
conj |
Olivera,Christ |
R4454 |
T6465 |
T6464 |
punct |
-,Olivera |
R4455 |
T6466 |
T6464 |
nmod |
Martinez,Olivera |
R4456 |
T6467 |
T6464 |
nmod |
et,Olivera |
R4457 |
T6468 |
T6464 |
nmod |
al.,Olivera |
R4458 |
T6469 |
T6464 |
nummod |
2000,Olivera |
R4459 |
T6470 |
T6464 |
punct |
;,Olivera |
R4460 |
T6471 |
T6464 |
conj |
Sudo,Olivera |
R4461 |
T6472 |
T6471 |
nmod |
et,Sudo |
R4462 |
T6473 |
T6471 |
nmod |
al.,Sudo |
R4463 |
T6474 |
T6471 |
nummod |
2001,Sudo |
R4464 |
T6475 |
T6471 |
punct |
;,Sudo |
R4465 |
T6476 |
T6471 |
conj |
Burke,Sudo |
R4466 |
T6477 |
T6476 |
cc |
and,Burke |
R4467 |
T6478 |
T6476 |
conj |
Nowicki,Burke |
R4468 |
T6479 |
T6478 |
nummod |
2003,Nowicki |
R4469 |
T6480 |
T6478 |
punct |
;,Nowicki |
R4470 |
T6481 |
T6478 |
conj |
Nowicki,Nowicki |
R4471 |
T6482 |
T6481 |
nmod |
et,Nowicki |
R4472 |
T6483 |
T6481 |
nmod |
al.,Nowicki |
R4473 |
T6484 |
T6481 |
nummod |
2003,Nowicki |
R4474 |
T6485 |
T6481 |
punct |
),Nowicki |
R4475 |
T6486 |
T6407 |
punct |
.,divided |
R4476 |
T6488 |
T6489 |
nsubj |
We,found |
R4477 |
T6490 |
T6491 |
mark |
that,is |
R4478 |
T6491 |
T6489 |
ccomp |
is,found |
R4479 |
T6492 |
T6491 |
nsubj |
E12.5,is |
R4480 |
T6493 |
T6494 |
det |
the,time |
R4481 |
T6494 |
T6491 |
attr |
time,is |
R4482 |
T6495 |
T6494 |
amod |
earliest,time |
R4483 |
T6496 |
T6497 |
prep |
at,is |
R4484 |
T6497 |
T6494 |
relcl |
is,time |
R4485 |
T6498 |
T6496 |
pobj |
which,at |
R4486 |
T6499 |
T6500 |
amod |
embryonic,skin |
R4487 |
T6500 |
T6497 |
nsubj |
skin,is |
R4488 |
T6501 |
T6500 |
amod |
ventral,skin |
R4489 |
T6502 |
T6497 |
acomp |
able,is |
R4490 |
T6503 |
T6504 |
aux |
to,produce |
R4491 |
T6504 |
T6502 |
xcomp |
produce,able |
R4492 |
T6505 |
T6504 |
dobj |
hair,produce |
R4493 |
T6506 |
T6507 |
advmod |
when,transplanted |
R4494 |
T6507 |
T6504 |
advcl |
transplanted,produce |
R4495 |
T6508 |
T6507 |
prep |
to,transplanted |
R4496 |
T6509 |
T6510 |
det |
the,testis |
R4497 |
T6510 |
T6508 |
pobj |
testis,to |
R4498 |
T6511 |
T6489 |
punct |
.,found |
R4499 |
T6513 |
T6514 |
prep |
Of,gave |
R4500 |
T6515 |
T6516 |
det |
the,grafts |
R4501 |
T6516 |
T6513 |
pobj |
grafts,Of |
R4502 |
T6517 |
T6518 |
dep |
that,produced |
R4503 |
T6518 |
T6516 |
relcl |
produced,grafts |
R4504 |
T6519 |
T6518 |
dobj |
hair,produced |
R4505 |
T6520 |
T6514 |
punct |
", ",gave |
R4506 |
T6521 |
T6522 |
amod |
ventral,skin |
R4507 |
T6522 |
T6514 |
nsubj |
skin,gave |
R4508 |
T6523 |
T6514 |
dobj |
rise,gave |
R4509 |
T6524 |
T6514 |
prep |
to,gave |
R4510 |
T6525 |
T6526 |
amod |
yellow,hair |
R4511 |
T6526 |
T6524 |
pobj |
hair,to |
R4512 |
T6527 |
T6528 |
punct |
(,3 |
R4513 |
T6528 |
T6514 |
parataxis |
3,gave |
R4514 |
T6529 |
T6528 |
nsubj |
n,3 |
R4515 |
T6530 |
T6528 |
punct |
=,3 |
R4516 |
T6531 |
T6528 |
punct |
),3 |
R4517 |
T6532 |
T6514 |
punct |
", ",gave |
R4518 |
T6533 |
T6514 |
cc |
and,gave |
R4519 |
T6534 |
T6535 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R4520 |
T6535 |
T6536 |
nsubj |
skin,gave |
R4521 |
T6536 |
T6514 |
conj |
gave,gave |
R4522 |
T6537 |
T6536 |
dobj |
rise,gave |
R4523 |
T6538 |
T6536 |
prep |
to,gave |
R4524 |
T6539 |
T6540 |
amod |
black,hair |
R4525 |
T6540 |
T6538 |
pobj |
hair,to |
R4526 |
T6541 |
T6542 |
punct |
(,4 |
R4527 |
T6542 |
T6536 |
parataxis |
4,gave |
R4528 |
T6543 |
T6542 |
nsubj |
n,4 |
R4529 |
T6544 |
T6542 |
punct |
=,4 |
R4530 |
T6545 |
T6542 |
punct |
),4 |
R4531 |
T6546 |
T6514 |
punct |
.,gave |
R4532 |
T6548 |
T6549 |
nsubj |
Transplantation,gave |
R4533 |
T6549 |
T6553 |
ccomp |
gave,produced |
R4534 |
T6550 |
T6548 |
prep |
of,Transplantation |
R4535 |
T6551 |
T6552 |
compound |
flank,skin |
R4536 |
T6552 |
T6550 |
pobj |
skin,of |
R4537 |
T6554 |
T6549 |
dobj |
rise,gave |
R4538 |
T6555 |
T6549 |
prep |
to,gave |
R4539 |
T6556 |
T6557 |
det |
a,patch |
R4540 |
T6557 |
T6555 |
pobj |
patch,to |
R4541 |
T6558 |
T6557 |
prep |
of,patch |
R4542 |
T6559 |
T6560 |
amod |
yellow,hair |
R4543 |
T6560 |
T6558 |
pobj |
hair,of |
R4544 |
T6561 |
T6557 |
acl |
juxtaposed,patch |
R4545 |
T6562 |
T6561 |
prep |
against,juxtaposed |
R4546 |
T6563 |
T6564 |
det |
a,patch |
R4547 |
T6564 |
T6562 |
pobj |
patch,against |
R4548 |
T6565 |
T6564 |
prep |
of,patch |
R4549 |
T6566 |
T6567 |
amod |
black,hair |
R4550 |
T6567 |
T6565 |
pobj |
hair,of |
R4551 |
T6568 |
T6549 |
prep |
in,gave |
R4552 |
T6569 |
T6570 |
nummod |
85,% |
R4553 |
T6570 |
T6568 |
pobj |
%,in |
R4554 |
T6571 |
T6570 |
prep |
of,% |
R4555 |
T6572 |
T6573 |
det |
the,grafts |
R4556 |
T6573 |
T6571 |
pobj |
grafts,of |
R4557 |
T6574 |
T6573 |
amod |
successful,grafts |
R4558 |
T6575 |
T6576 |
punct |
(,13 |
R4559 |
T6576 |
T6549 |
parataxis |
13,gave |
R4560 |
T6577 |
T6576 |
nsubj |
n,13 |
R4561 |
T6578 |
T6576 |
punct |
=,13 |
R4562 |
T6579 |
T6576 |
punct |
),13 |
R4563 |
T6580 |
T6553 |
punct |
;,produced |
R4564 |
T6581 |
T6582 |
det |
the,grafts |
R4565 |
T6582 |
T6553 |
nsubj |
grafts,produced |
R4566 |
T6583 |
T6582 |
amod |
remaining,grafts |
R4567 |
T6584 |
T6582 |
nummod |
two,grafts |
R4568 |
T6585 |
T6582 |
compound |
flank,grafts |
R4569 |
T6586 |
T6587 |
advmod |
solely,black |
R4570 |
T6587 |
T6588 |
amod |
black,hair |
R4571 |
T6588 |
T6553 |
dobj |
hair,produced |
R4572 |
T6589 |
T6587 |
cc |
or,black |
R4573 |
T6590 |
T6587 |
conj |
yellow,black |
R4574 |
T6591 |
T6553 |
punct |
.,produced |
R4575 |
T6593 |
T6594 |
prep |
In,observe |
R4576 |
T6595 |
T6596 |
det |
no,case |
R4577 |
T6596 |
T6593 |
pobj |
case,In |
R4578 |
T6597 |
T6594 |
aux |
did,observe |
R4579 |
T6598 |
T6594 |
nsubj |
we,observe |
R4580 |
T6599 |
T6594 |
dobj |
intermingling,observe |
R4581 |
T6600 |
T6599 |
prep |
of,intermingling |
R4582 |
T6601 |
T6602 |
amod |
black,hairs |
R4583 |
T6602 |
T6600 |
pobj |
hairs,of |
R4584 |
T6603 |
T6601 |
cc |
and,black |
R4585 |
T6604 |
T6601 |
conj |
yellow,black |
R4586 |
T6605 |
T6594 |
punct |
.,observe |
R4587 |
T6607 |
T6608 |
mark |
As,predicted |
R4588 |
T6608 |
T6609 |
advcl |
predicted,expressed |
R4589 |
T6610 |
T6608 |
prep |
from,predicted |
R4590 |
T6611 |
T6612 |
det |
the,experiments |
R4591 |
T6612 |
T6610 |
pobj |
experiments,from |
R4592 |
T6613 |
T6612 |
acl |
using,experiments |
R4593 |
T6614 |
T6615 |
compound |
tissue,sections |
R4594 |
T6615 |
T6613 |
dobj |
sections,using |
R4595 |
T6616 |
T6617 |
punct |
(,see |
R4596 |
T6617 |
T6608 |
parataxis |
see,predicted |
R4597 |
T6618 |
T6619 |
nmod |
Figures,5 |
R4598 |
T6619 |
T6617 |
dobj |
5,see |
R4599 |
T6620 |
T6619 |
cc |
and,5 |
R4600 |
T6621 |
T6619 |
conj |
6,5 |
R4601 |
T6622 |
T6617 |
punct |
),see |
R4602 |
T6623 |
T6609 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R4603 |
T6624 |
T6625 |
amod |
dorsal,pieces |
R4604 |
T6625 |
T6609 |
nsubj |
pieces,expressed |
R4605 |
T6626 |
T6609 |
dobj |
Tbx15,expressed |
R4606 |
T6627 |
T6626 |
cc |
but,Tbx15 |
R4607 |
T6628 |
T6627 |
neg |
not,but |
R4608 |
T6629 |
T6626 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R4609 |
T6630 |
T6609 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R4610 |
T6631 |
T6632 |
mark |
while,expressed |
R4611 |
T6632 |
T6609 |
advcl |
expressed,expressed |
R4612 |
T6633 |
T6634 |
compound |
flank,pieces |
R4613 |
T6634 |
T6632 |
nsubj |
pieces,expressed |
R4614 |
T6635 |
T6636 |
det |
both,genes |
R4615 |
T6636 |
T6632 |
dobj |
genes,expressed |
R4616 |
T6637 |
T6638 |
punct |
(,see |
R4617 |
T6638 |
T6609 |
parataxis |
see,expressed |
R4618 |
T6639 |
T6638 |
dobj |
Figure,see |
R4619 |
T6640 |
T6639 |
nummod |
7,Figure |
R4620 |
T6641 |
T6638 |
punct |
),see |
R4621 |
T6642 |
T6609 |
punct |
.,expressed |
R4622 |
T6644 |
T6645 |
advmod |
Thus,established |
R4623 |
T6645 |
T6653 |
ccomp |
established,maintained |
R4624 |
T6646 |
T6645 |
punct |
", ",established |
R4625 |
T6647 |
T6648 |
amod |
dorsoventral,identity |
R4626 |
T6648 |
T6645 |
nsubjpass |
identity,established |
R4627 |
T6649 |
T6648 |
prep |
for,identity |
R4628 |
T6650 |
T6651 |
amod |
adult,pigmentation |
R4629 |
T6651 |
T6649 |
pobj |
pigmentation,for |
R4630 |
T6652 |
T6645 |
auxpass |
is,established |
R4631 |
T6654 |
T6645 |
prep |
by,established |
R4632 |
T6655 |
T6656 |
det |
the,time |
R4633 |
T6656 |
T6654 |
pobj |
time,by |
R4634 |
T6657 |
T6658 |
advmod |
when,becomes |
R4635 |
T6658 |
T6656 |
relcl |
becomes,time |
R4636 |
T6659 |
T6660 |
amod |
patterned,expression |
R4637 |
T6660 |
T6658 |
nsubj |
expression,becomes |
R4638 |
T6661 |
T6658 |
acomp |
apparent,becomes |
R4639 |
T6662 |
T6658 |
prep |
for,becomes |
R4640 |
T6663 |
T6662 |
pobj |
Tbx15,for |
R4641 |
T6664 |
T6663 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R4642 |
T6665 |
T6663 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R4643 |
T6666 |
T6667 |
punct |
(,E11.5 |
R4644 |
T6667 |
T6658 |
parataxis |
E11.5,becomes |
R4645 |
T6668 |
T6669 |
punct |
–,E12.5 |
R4646 |
T6669 |
T6667 |
prep |
E12.5,E11.5 |
R4647 |
T6670 |
T6667 |
punct |
),E11.5 |
R4648 |
T6671 |
T6653 |
punct |
;,maintained |
R4649 |
T6672 |
T6653 |
advmod |
furthermore,maintained |
R4650 |
T6673 |
T6653 |
punct |
", ",maintained |
R4651 |
T6674 |
T6675 |
amod |
positional,identity |
R4652 |
T6675 |
T6653 |
nsubjpass |
identity,maintained |
R4653 |
T6676 |
T6653 |
auxpass |
is,maintained |
R4654 |
T6677 |
T6653 |
prep |
throughout,maintained |
R4655 |
T6678 |
T6679 |
amod |
later,stages |
R4656 |
T6679 |
T6677 |
pobj |
stages,throughout |
R4657 |
T6680 |
T6679 |
prep |
of,stages |
R4658 |
T6681 |
T6682 |
compound |
skin,development |
R4659 |
T6682 |
T6680 |
pobj |
development,of |
R4660 |
T6683 |
T6653 |
punct |
", ",maintained |
R4661 |
T6684 |
T6685 |
advmod |
even,broadens |
R4662 |
T6685 |
T6653 |
advcl |
broadens,maintained |
R4663 |
T6686 |
T6685 |
mark |
though,broadens |
R4664 |
T6687 |
T6685 |
nsubj |
expression,broadens |
R4665 |
T6688 |
T6687 |
prep |
of,expression |
R4666 |
T6689 |
T6688 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R4667 |
T6690 |
T6691 |
aux |
to,include |
R4668 |
T6691 |
T6685 |
advcl |
include,broadens |
R4669 |
T6692 |
T6693 |
amod |
ventral,skin |
R4670 |
T6693 |
T6691 |
dobj |
skin,include |
R4671 |
T6694 |
T6695 |
advmod |
as,as |
R4672 |
T6695 |
T6692 |
cc |
as,ventral |
R4673 |
T6696 |
T6695 |
advmod |
well,as |
R4674 |
T6697 |
T6692 |
conj |
dorsal,ventral |
R4675 |
T6698 |
T6653 |
punct |
.,maintained |
R4676 |
T6884 |
T6883 |
prep |
of,Relationship |
R4677 |
T6885 |
T6886 |
det |
the,Boundary |
R4678 |
T6886 |
T6884 |
pobj |
Boundary,of |
R4679 |
T6887 |
T6886 |
amod |
Dorsoventral,Boundary |
R4680 |
T6888 |
T6886 |
compound |
Pigment,Boundary |
R4681 |
T6889 |
T6883 |
prep |
to,Relationship |
R4682 |
T6890 |
T6891 |
compound |
Lineage,Compartments |
R4683 |
T6891 |
T6889 |
pobj |
Compartments,to |
R4684 |
T6892 |
T6891 |
cc |
and,Compartments |
R4685 |
T6893 |
T6894 |
det |
the,Frontier |
R4686 |
T6894 |
T6891 |
conj |
Frontier,Compartments |
R4687 |
T6895 |
T6894 |
amod |
Lateral,Frontier |
R4688 |
T6896 |
T6894 |
amod |
Somitic,Frontier |
R4689 |
T6898 |
T6899 |
det |
The,notch |
R4690 |
T6899 |
T6901 |
nsubj |
notch,is |
R4691 |
T6900 |
T6899 |
amod |
ectodermal,notch |
R4692 |
T6902 |
T6903 |
dep |
that,used |
R4693 |
T6903 |
T6899 |
relcl |
used,notch |
R4694 |
T6904 |
T6903 |
nsubj |
we,used |
R4695 |
T6905 |
T6906 |
aux |
to,mark |
R4696 |
T6906 |
T6903 |
advcl |
mark,used |
R4697 |
T6907 |
T6908 |
det |
the,boundary |
R4698 |
T6908 |
T6906 |
dobj |
boundary,mark |
R4699 |
T6909 |
T6908 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R4700 |
T6910 |
T6911 |
amod |
embryonic,dorsum |
R4701 |
T6911 |
T6909 |
pobj |
dorsum,between |
R4702 |
T6912 |
T6911 |
cc |
and,dorsum |
R4703 |
T6913 |
T6914 |
amod |
embryonic,flank |
R4704 |
T6914 |
T6911 |
conj |
flank,dorsum |
R4705 |
T6915 |
T6916 |
det |
a,feature |
R4706 |
T6916 |
T6901 |
attr |
feature,is |
R4707 |
T6917 |
T6916 |
amod |
characteristic,feature |
R4708 |
T6918 |
T6901 |
prep |
in,is |
R4709 |
T6919 |
T6920 |
compound |
vertebrate,embryos |
R4710 |
T6920 |
T6918 |
pobj |
embryos,in |
R4711 |
T6921 |
T6901 |
punct |
.,is |
R4712 |
T6923 |
T6924 |
prep |
In,serves |
R4713 |
T6925 |
T6926 |
compound |
cell,studies |
R4714 |
T6926 |
T6923 |
pobj |
studies,In |
R4715 |
T6927 |
T6926 |
compound |
lineage,studies |
R4716 |
T6928 |
T6926 |
acl |
carried,studies |
R4717 |
T6929 |
T6928 |
prt |
out,carried |
R4718 |
T6930 |
T6928 |
prep |
in,carried |
R4719 |
T6931 |
T6932 |
det |
the,system |
R4720 |
T6932 |
T6930 |
pobj |
system,in |
R4721 |
T6933 |
T6932 |
compound |
chick,system |
R4722 |
T6934 |
T6924 |
punct |
", ",serves |
R4723 |
T6935 |
T6936 |
det |
the,notch |
R4724 |
T6936 |
T6924 |
nsubj |
notch,serves |
R4725 |
T6937 |
T6924 |
prep |
as,serves |
R4726 |
T6938 |
T6939 |
det |
a,landmark |
R4727 |
T6939 |
T6937 |
pobj |
landmark,as |
R4728 |
T6940 |
T6939 |
prep |
for,landmark |
R4729 |
T6941 |
T6942 |
det |
the,boundary |
R4730 |
T6942 |
T6940 |
pobj |
boundary,for |
R4731 |
T6943 |
T6942 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R4732 |
T6944 |
T6943 |
pobj |
dermis,between |
R4733 |
T6945 |
T6944 |
acl |
derived,dermis |
R4734 |
T6946 |
T6945 |
prep |
from,derived |
R4735 |
T6947 |
T6948 |
amod |
somitic,mesoderm |
R4736 |
T6948 |
T6946 |
pobj |
mesoderm,from |
R4737 |
T6949 |
T6944 |
cc |
and,dermis |
R4738 |
T6950 |
T6944 |
conj |
dermis,dermis |
R4739 |
T6951 |
T6950 |
acl |
derived,dermis |
R4740 |
T6952 |
T6951 |
prep |
from,derived |
R4741 |
T6953 |
T6954 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R4742 |
T6954 |
T6955 |
compound |
plate,mesoderm |
R4743 |
T6955 |
T6952 |
pobj |
mesoderm,from |
R4744 |
T6956 |
T6924 |
cc |
and,serves |
R4745 |
T6957 |
T6958 |
aux |
has,termed |
R4746 |
T6958 |
T6924 |
conj |
termed,serves |
R4747 |
T6959 |
T6958 |
auxpass |
been,termed |
R4748 |
T6960 |
T6961 |
det |
the,frontier |
R4749 |
T6961 |
T6958 |
oprd |
frontier,termed |
R4750 |
T6962 |
T6961 |
punct |
“,frontier |
R4751 |
T6963 |
T6961 |
amod |
lateral,frontier |
R4752 |
T6964 |
T6961 |
amod |
somitic,frontier |
R4753 |
T6965 |
T6958 |
punct |
”,termed |
R4754 |
T6966 |
T6967 |
punct |
(,Olivera |
R4755 |
T6967 |
T6958 |
meta |
Olivera,termed |
R4756 |
T6968 |
T6967 |
punct |
-,Olivera |
R4757 |
T6969 |
T6967 |
nmod |
Martinez,Olivera |
R4758 |
T6970 |
T6967 |
nmod |
et,Olivera |
R4759 |
T6971 |
T6967 |
nmod |
al.,Olivera |
R4760 |
T6972 |
T6967 |
nummod |
2000,Olivera |
R4761 |
T6973 |
T6967 |
punct |
;,Olivera |
R4762 |
T6974 |
T6967 |
conj |
Sudo,Olivera |
R4763 |
T6975 |
T6974 |
nmod |
et,Sudo |
R4764 |
T6976 |
T6974 |
nmod |
al.,Sudo |
R4765 |
T6977 |
T6974 |
nummod |
2001,Sudo |
R4766 |
T6978 |
T6974 |
punct |
;,Sudo |
R4767 |
T6979 |
T6974 |
conj |
Burke,Sudo |
R4768 |
T6980 |
T6979 |
cc |
and,Burke |
R4769 |
T6981 |
T6979 |
conj |
Nowicki,Burke |
R4770 |
T6982 |
T6981 |
nummod |
2003,Nowicki |
R4771 |
T6983 |
T6981 |
punct |
;,Nowicki |
R4772 |
T6984 |
T6981 |
conj |
Nowicki,Nowicki |
R4773 |
T6985 |
T6984 |
nmod |
et,Nowicki |
R4774 |
T6986 |
T6984 |
nmod |
al.,Nowicki |
R4775 |
T6987 |
T6984 |
nummod |
2003,Nowicki |
R4776 |
T6988 |
T6984 |
punct |
),Nowicki |
R4777 |
T6989 |
T6924 |
punct |
.,serves |
R4778 |
T6991 |
T6992 |
mark |
Although,carried |
R4779 |
T6992 |
T7000 |
advcl |
carried,give |
R4780 |
T6993 |
T6994 |
npadvmod |
fate,mapping |
R4781 |
T6994 |
T6996 |
amod |
mapping,studies |
R4782 |
T6995 |
T6994 |
punct |
-,mapping |
R4783 |
T6996 |
T6992 |
nsubjpass |
studies,carried |
R4784 |
T6997 |
T6992 |
aux |
have,carried |
R4785 |
T6998 |
T6992 |
neg |
not,carried |
R4786 |
T6999 |
T6992 |
auxpass |
been,carried |
R4787 |
T7001 |
T6992 |
prt |
out,carried |
R4788 |
T7002 |
T6992 |
prep |
in,carried |
R4789 |
T7003 |
T7004 |
amod |
mammalian,embryos |
R4790 |
T7004 |
T7002 |
pobj |
embryos,in |
R4791 |
T7005 |
T7000 |
punct |
", ",give |
R4792 |
T7006 |
T7007 |
npadvmod |
somite,derived |
R4793 |
T7007 |
T7013 |
amod |
derived,mesoderm |
R4794 |
T7008 |
T7006 |
punct |
-,somite |
R4795 |
T7009 |
T7006 |
cc |
and,somite |
R4796 |
T7010 |
T7011 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R4797 |
T7011 |
T7006 |
conj |
plate,somite |
R4798 |
T7012 |
T7007 |
punct |
-,derived |
R4799 |
T7013 |
T7000 |
nsubj |
mesoderm,give |
R4800 |
T7014 |
T7000 |
aux |
could,give |
R4801 |
T7015 |
T7000 |
dobj |
rise,give |
R4802 |
T7016 |
T7000 |
prep |
to,give |
R4803 |
T7017 |
T7016 |
pobj |
precursors,to |
R4804 |
T7018 |
T7000 |
prep |
for,give |
R4805 |
T7019 |
T7018 |
pobj |
dermis,for |
R4806 |
T7020 |
T7019 |
amod |
dorsal,dermis |
R4807 |
T7021 |
T7020 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R4808 |
T7022 |
T7020 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R4809 |
T7023 |
T7022 |
prep |
to,ventral |
R4810 |
T7024 |
T7025 |
det |
the,junction |
R4811 |
T7025 |
T7023 |
pobj |
junction,to |
R4812 |
T7026 |
T7025 |
nmod |
limb,junction |
R4813 |
T7027 |
T7026 |
punct |
–,limb |
R4814 |
T7028 |
T7029 |
compound |
body,wall |
R4815 |
T7029 |
T7026 |
appos |
wall,limb |
R4816 |
T7030 |
T7000 |
punct |
", ",give |
R4817 |
T7031 |
T7000 |
advmod |
respectively,give |
R4818 |
T7032 |
T7000 |
punct |
.,give |
R4819 |
T7034 |
T7035 |
advmod |
However,conflicts |
R4820 |
T7036 |
T7035 |
punct |
", ",conflicts |
R4821 |
T7037 |
T7038 |
det |
this,notion |
R4822 |
T7038 |
T7035 |
nsubj |
notion,conflicts |
R4823 |
T7039 |
T7035 |
prep |
with,conflicts |
R4824 |
T7040 |
T7041 |
poss |
our,observation |
R4825 |
T7041 |
T7039 |
pobj |
observation,with |
R4826 |
T7042 |
T7043 |
mark |
that,lies |
R4827 |
T7043 |
T7041 |
acl |
lies,observation |
R4828 |
T7044 |
T7045 |
det |
the,boundary |
R4829 |
T7045 |
T7043 |
nsubj |
boundary,lies |
R4830 |
T7046 |
T7045 |
amod |
future,boundary |
R4831 |
T7047 |
T7045 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R4832 |
T7048 |
T7043 |
advmod |
ventral,lies |
R4833 |
T7049 |
T7048 |
prep |
to,ventral |
R4834 |
T7050 |
T7051 |
det |
the,notch |
R4835 |
T7051 |
T7049 |
pobj |
notch,to |
R4836 |
T7052 |
T7051 |
amod |
ectodermal,notch |
R4837 |
T7053 |
T7054 |
punct |
(,see |
R4838 |
T7054 |
T7041 |
parataxis |
see,observation |
R4839 |
T7055 |
T7054 |
dobj |
Figure,see |
R4840 |
T7056 |
T7055 |
nummod |
7,Figure |
R4841 |
T7057 |
T7054 |
punct |
),see |
R4842 |
T7058 |
T7035 |
punct |
.,conflicts |
R4843 |
T7060 |
T7061 |
aux |
To,examine |
R4844 |
T7061 |
T7062 |
advcl |
examine,made |
R4845 |
T7063 |
T7061 |
advmod |
directly,examine |
R4846 |
T7064 |
T7065 |
det |
the,relationship |
R4847 |
T7065 |
T7061 |
dobj |
relationship,examine |
R4848 |
T7066 |
T7065 |
prep |
between,relationship |
R4849 |
T7067 |
T7068 |
det |
the,boundary |
R4850 |
T7068 |
T7066 |
pobj |
boundary,between |
R4851 |
T7069 |
T7068 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R4852 |
T7070 |
T7068 |
cc |
and,boundary |
R4853 |
T7071 |
T7068 |
conj |
dermis,boundary |
R4854 |
T7072 |
T7071 |
acl |
derived,dermis |
R4855 |
T7073 |
T7072 |
prep |
from,derived |
R4856 |
T7074 |
T7075 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R4857 |
T7075 |
T7076 |
compound |
plate,mesoderm |
R4858 |
T7076 |
T7073 |
pobj |
mesoderm,from |
R4859 |
T7077 |
T7062 |
punct |
", ",made |
R4860 |
T7078 |
T7062 |
nsubj |
we,made |
R4861 |
T7079 |
T7062 |
dobj |
use,made |
R4862 |
T7080 |
T7062 |
prep |
of,made |
R4863 |
T7081 |
T7082 |
det |
a,transgene |
R4864 |
T7082 |
T7080 |
pobj |
transgene,of |
R4865 |
T7083 |
T7082 |
compound |
Cre,transgene |
R4866 |
T7084 |
T7082 |
acl |
driven,transgene |
R4867 |
T7085 |
T7084 |
agent |
by,driven |
R4868 |
T7086 |
T7087 |
det |
the,promoter |
R4869 |
T7087 |
T7085 |
pobj |
promoter,by |
R4870 |
T7088 |
T7087 |
compound |
Hoxb6,promoter |
R4871 |
T7089 |
T7090 |
dep |
that,developed |
R4872 |
T7090 |
T7087 |
relcl |
developed,promoter |
R4873 |
T7091 |
T7090 |
auxpass |
was,developed |
R4874 |
T7092 |
T7090 |
agent |
by,developed |
R4875 |
T7093 |
T7092 |
pobj |
Kuehn,by |
R4876 |
T7094 |
T7093 |
cc |
and,Kuehn |
R4877 |
T7095 |
T7093 |
conj |
colleagues,Kuehn |
R4878 |
T7096 |
T7097 |
punct |
(,Lowe |
R4879 |
T7097 |
T7062 |
meta |
Lowe,made |
R4880 |
T7098 |
T7097 |
nmod |
et,Lowe |
R4881 |
T7099 |
T7097 |
nmod |
al.,Lowe |
R4882 |
T7100 |
T7097 |
nummod |
2000,Lowe |
R4883 |
T7101 |
T7097 |
punct |
),Lowe |
R4884 |
T7102 |
T7062 |
punct |
.,made |
R4885 |
T7104 |
T7105 |
mark |
As,described |
R4886 |
T7105 |
T7106 |
advcl |
described,exhibit |
R4887 |
T7107 |
T7105 |
agent |
by,described |
R4888 |
T7108 |
T7107 |
pobj |
Lowe,by |
R4889 |
T7109 |
T7110 |
advmod |
et,al. |
R4890 |
T7110 |
T7108 |
advmod |
al.,Lowe |
R4891 |
T7111 |
T7108 |
punct |
(,Lowe |
R4892 |
T7112 |
T7108 |
npadvmod |
2000,Lowe |
R4893 |
T7113 |
T7108 |
punct |
),Lowe |
R4894 |
T7114 |
T7106 |
punct |
", ",exhibit |
R4895 |
T7115 |
T7116 |
compound |
midgestation,embryos |
R4896 |
T7116 |
T7106 |
nsubj |
embryos,exhibit |
R4897 |
T7117 |
T7116 |
acl |
carrying,embryos |
R4898 |
T7118 |
T7119 |
preconj |
both,transgene |
R4899 |
T7119 |
T7117 |
dobj |
transgene,carrying |
R4900 |
T7120 |
T7119 |
det |
the,transgene |
R4901 |
T7121 |
T7122 |
compound |
Hoxb6,Cre |
R4902 |
T7122 |
T7119 |
compound |
Cre,transgene |
R4903 |
T7123 |
T7122 |
punct |
-,Cre |
R4904 |
T7124 |
T7119 |
cc |
and,transgene |
R4905 |
T7125 |
T7126 |
det |
the,gene |
R4906 |
T7126 |
T7119 |
conj |
gene,transgene |
R4907 |
T7127 |
T7126 |
compound |
R26R,gene |
R4908 |
T7128 |
T7126 |
compound |
lacZ,gene |
R4909 |
T7129 |
T7126 |
compound |
reporter,gene |
R4910 |
T7130 |
T7131 |
punct |
(,Soriano |
R4911 |
T7131 |
T7126 |
meta |
Soriano,gene |
R4912 |
T7132 |
T7131 |
nummod |
1999,Soriano |
R4913 |
T7133 |
T7131 |
punct |
),Soriano |
R4914 |
T7134 |
T7135 |
compound |
X,Gal |
R4915 |
T7135 |
T7137 |
compound |
Gal,staining |
R4916 |
T7136 |
T7135 |
punct |
-,Gal |
R4917 |
T7137 |
T7106 |
dobj |
staining,exhibit |
R4918 |
T7138 |
T7106 |
prep |
in,exhibit |
R4919 |
T7139 |
T7140 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R4920 |
T7140 |
T7141 |
compound |
plate,mesoderm |
R4921 |
T7141 |
T7138 |
pobj |
mesoderm,in |
R4922 |
T7142 |
T7141 |
cc |
but,mesoderm |
R4923 |
T7143 |
T7142 |
neg |
not,but |
R4924 |
T7144 |
T7145 |
npadvmod |
somite,derived |
R4925 |
T7145 |
T7147 |
amod |
derived,mesoderm |
R4926 |
T7146 |
T7145 |
punct |
-,derived |
R4927 |
T7147 |
T7141 |
conj |
mesoderm,mesoderm |
R4928 |
T7148 |
T7147 |
prep |
of,mesoderm |
R4929 |
T7149 |
T7150 |
det |
the,trunk |
R4930 |
T7150 |
T7148 |
pobj |
trunk,of |
R4931 |
T7151 |
T7106 |
punct |
.,exhibit |
R4932 |
T7153 |
T7154 |
prep |
In,observed |
R4933 |
T7155 |
T7156 |
amod |
whole,mount |
R4934 |
T7156 |
T7158 |
compound |
mount,preparations |
R4935 |
T7157 |
T7156 |
punct |
-,mount |
R4936 |
T7158 |
T7153 |
pobj |
preparations,In |
R4937 |
T7159 |
T7158 |
compound |
skin,preparations |
R4938 |
T7160 |
T7158 |
prep |
from,preparations |
R4939 |
T7161 |
T7162 |
nmod |
P1.5,animals |
R4940 |
T7162 |
T7160 |
pobj |
animals,from |
R4941 |
T7163 |
T7161 |
cc |
or,P1.5 |
R4942 |
T7164 |
T7161 |
conj |
P4.5,P1.5 |
R4943 |
T7165 |
T7162 |
amod |
neonatal,animals |
R4944 |
T7166 |
T7154 |
punct |
", ",observed |
R4945 |
T7167 |
T7154 |
nsubj |
we,observed |
R4946 |
T7168 |
T7169 |
det |
a,band |
R4947 |
T7169 |
T7154 |
dobj |
band,observed |
R4948 |
T7170 |
T7169 |
amod |
ventral,band |
R4949 |
T7171 |
T7169 |
prep |
of,band |
R4950 |
T7172 |
T7173 |
amod |
dark,staining |
R4951 |
T7173 |
T7171 |
pobj |
staining,of |
R4952 |
T7174 |
T7173 |
compound |
X,staining |
R4953 |
T7175 |
T7173 |
punct |
-,staining |
R4954 |
T7176 |
T7173 |
compound |
Gal,staining |
R4955 |
T7177 |
T7169 |
acl |
corresponding,band |
R4956 |
T7178 |
T7177 |
prep |
to,corresponding |
R4957 |
T7179 |
T7180 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R4958 |
T7180 |
T7181 |
npadvmod |
plate,derived |
R4959 |
T7181 |
T7183 |
amod |
derived,dermis |
R4960 |
T7182 |
T7181 |
punct |
-,derived |
R4961 |
T7183 |
T7178 |
pobj |
dermis,to |
R4962 |
T7184 |
T7183 |
punct |
", ",dermis |
R4963 |
T7185 |
T7186 |
dep |
which,represents |
R4964 |
T7186 |
T7183 |
relcl |
represents,dermis |
R4965 |
T7187 |
T7188 |
nummod |
63,% |
R4966 |
T7188 |
T7186 |
dobj |
%,represents |
R4967 |
T7189 |
T7188 |
prep |
of,% |
R4968 |
T7190 |
T7191 |
det |
the,circumference |
R4969 |
T7191 |
T7189 |
pobj |
circumference,of |
R4970 |
T7192 |
T7191 |
amod |
total,circumference |
R4971 |
T7193 |
T7194 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R4972 |
T7194 |
T7154 |
parataxis |
Figure,observed |
R4973 |
T7195 |
T7194 |
nummod |
8A,Figure |
R4974 |
T7196 |
T7194 |
punct |
),Figure |
R4975 |
T7197 |
T7154 |
punct |
.,observed |
R4976 |
T7199 |
T7200 |
advmod |
However,represents |
R4977 |
T7200 |
T7215 |
ccomp |
represents,are |
R4978 |
T7201 |
T7200 |
punct |
", ",represents |
R4979 |
T7202 |
T7200 |
prep |
in,represents |
R4980 |
T7203 |
T7204 |
amod |
parallel,preparations |
R4981 |
T7204 |
T7202 |
pobj |
preparations,in |
R4982 |
T7205 |
T7204 |
prep |
from,preparations |
R4983 |
T7206 |
T7207 |
compound |
at,at |
R4984 |
T7207 |
T7209 |
compound |
at,mice |
R4985 |
T7208 |
T7207 |
punct |
/,at |
R4986 |
T7209 |
T7205 |
pobj |
mice,from |
R4987 |
T7210 |
T7200 |
punct |
", ",represents |
R4988 |
T7211 |
T7212 |
det |
the,domain |
R4989 |
T7212 |
T7200 |
nsubj |
domain,represents |
R4990 |
T7213 |
T7212 |
amod |
ventral,domain |
R4991 |
T7214 |
T7212 |
compound |
pheomelanin,domain |
R4992 |
T7216 |
T7217 |
nummod |
47,% |
R4993 |
T7217 |
T7200 |
dobj |
%,represents |
R4994 |
T7218 |
T7217 |
prep |
of,% |
R4995 |
T7219 |
T7220 |
det |
the,circumference |
R4996 |
T7220 |
T7218 |
pobj |
circumference,of |
R4997 |
T7221 |
T7220 |
amod |
total,circumference |
R4998 |
T7222 |
T7220 |
compound |
skin,circumference |
R4999 |
T7223 |
T7215 |
punct |
;,are |
R5000 |
T7224 |
T7215 |
advmod |
therefore,are |
R5001 |
T7225 |
T7215 |
punct |
", ",are |
R5002 |
T7226 |
T7227 |
det |
the,proportions |
R5003 |
T7227 |
T7215 |
nsubj |
proportions,are |
R5004 |
T7228 |
T7227 |
prep |
of,proportions |
R5005 |
T7229 |
T7230 |
amod |
total,circumference |
R5006 |
T7230 |
T7228 |
pobj |
circumference,of |
R5007 |
T7231 |
T7230 |
compound |
skin,circumference |
R5008 |
T7232 |
T7230 |
acl |
occupied,circumference |
R5009 |
T7233 |
T7232 |
agent |
by,occupied |
R5010 |
T7234 |
T7235 |
amod |
dorsal,eumelanin |
R5011 |
T7235 |
T7236 |
nmod |
eumelanin,dermis |
R5012 |
T7236 |
T7233 |
pobj |
dermis,by |
R5013 |
T7237 |
T7235 |
cc |
and,eumelanin |
R5014 |
T7238 |
T7239 |
npadvmod |
somite,derived |
R5015 |
T7239 |
T7235 |
conj |
derived,eumelanin |
R5016 |
T7240 |
T7239 |
punct |
-,derived |
R5017 |
T7241 |
T7242 |
nummod |
53,% |
R5018 |
T7242 |
T7215 |
attr |
%,are |
R5019 |
T7243 |
T7242 |
cc |
and,% |
R5020 |
T7244 |
T7245 |
nummod |
37,% |
R5021 |
T7245 |
T7242 |
conj |
%,% |
R5022 |
T7246 |
T7215 |
punct |
", ",are |
R5023 |
T7247 |
T7215 |
advmod |
respectively,are |
R5024 |
T7248 |
T7249 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R5025 |
T7249 |
T7215 |
parataxis |
Figure,are |
R5026 |
T7250 |
T7249 |
nummod |
8B,Figure |
R5027 |
T7251 |
T7249 |
punct |
),Figure |
R5028 |
T7252 |
T7215 |
punct |
.,are |
R5029 |
T7254 |
T7255 |
det |
These,results |
R5030 |
T7255 |
T7256 |
nsubj |
results,indicate |
R5031 |
T7257 |
T7258 |
mark |
that,is |
R5032 |
T7258 |
T7256 |
ccomp |
is,indicate |
R5033 |
T7259 |
T7260 |
det |
the,boundary |
R5034 |
T7260 |
T7258 |
nsubj |
boundary,is |
R5035 |
T7261 |
T7260 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R5036 |
T7262 |
T7258 |
advmod |
clearly,is |
R5037 |
T7263 |
T7258 |
acomp |
distinct,is |
R5038 |
T7264 |
T7263 |
prep |
from,distinct |
R5039 |
T7265 |
T7263 |
punct |
", ",distinct |
R5040 |
T7266 |
T7263 |
cc |
and,distinct |
R5041 |
T7267 |
T7268 |
advmod |
more,ventral |
R5042 |
T7268 |
T7263 |
conj |
ventral,distinct |
R5043 |
T7269 |
T7268 |
prep |
to,ventral |
R5044 |
T7270 |
T7268 |
punct |
", ",ventral |
R5045 |
T7271 |
T7272 |
det |
the,boundary |
R5046 |
T7272 |
T7268 |
conj |
boundary,ventral |
R5047 |
T7273 |
T7272 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R5048 |
T7274 |
T7275 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R5049 |
T7275 |
T7276 |
npadvmod |
plate,derived |
R5050 |
T7276 |
T7281 |
amod |
derived,dermis |
R5051 |
T7277 |
T7275 |
punct |
-,plate |
R5052 |
T7278 |
T7275 |
cc |
and,plate |
R5053 |
T7279 |
T7275 |
conj |
somite,plate |
R5054 |
T7280 |
T7276 |
punct |
-,derived |
R5055 |
T7281 |
T7273 |
pobj |
dermis,between |
R5056 |
T7282 |
T7256 |
punct |
.,indicate |
R5057 |
T7284 |
T7285 |
mark |
Because,lies |
R5058 |
T7285 |
T7289 |
advcl |
lies,wondered |
R5059 |
T7286 |
T7287 |
det |
the,boundary |
R5060 |
T7287 |
T7285 |
nsubj |
boundary,lies |
R5061 |
T7288 |
T7287 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R5062 |
T7290 |
T7285 |
prep |
in,lies |
R5063 |
T7291 |
T7290 |
pobj |
register,in |
R5064 |
T7292 |
T7291 |
prep |
with,register |
R5065 |
T7293 |
T7294 |
det |
the,junction |
R5066 |
T7294 |
T7292 |
pobj |
junction,with |
R5067 |
T7295 |
T7294 |
nmod |
limb,junction |
R5068 |
T7296 |
T7295 |
punct |
–,limb |
R5069 |
T7297 |
T7298 |
compound |
body,wall |
R5070 |
T7298 |
T7295 |
appos |
wall,limb |
R5071 |
T7299 |
T7300 |
punct |
(,see |
R5072 |
T7300 |
T7285 |
parataxis |
see,lies |
R5073 |
T7301 |
T7300 |
dobj |
Figure,see |
R5074 |
T7302 |
T7301 |
nummod |
2,Figure |
R5075 |
T7303 |
T7300 |
punct |
),see |
R5076 |
T7304 |
T7289 |
punct |
", ",wondered |
R5077 |
T7305 |
T7289 |
nsubj |
we,wondered |
R5078 |
T7306 |
T7307 |
mark |
whether,be |
R5079 |
T7307 |
T7289 |
ccomp |
be,wondered |
R5080 |
T7308 |
T7307 |
nsubj |
mechanisms,be |
R5081 |
T7309 |
T7308 |
acl |
used,mechanisms |
R5082 |
T7310 |
T7309 |
prep |
for,used |
R5083 |
T7311 |
T7312 |
amod |
dorsoventral,patterning |
R5084 |
T7312 |
T7310 |
pobj |
patterning,for |
R5085 |
T7313 |
T7312 |
compound |
limb,patterning |
R5086 |
T7314 |
T7307 |
aux |
might,be |
R5087 |
T7315 |
T7307 |
acomp |
related,be |
R5088 |
T7316 |
T7315 |
prep |
to,related |
R5089 |
T7317 |
T7316 |
pobj |
those,to |
R5090 |
T7318 |
T7317 |
acl |
used,those |
R5091 |
T7319 |
T7320 |
aux |
to,establish |
R5092 |
T7320 |
T7318 |
advcl |
establish,used |
R5093 |
T7321 |
T7322 |
det |
the,boundary |
R5094 |
T7322 |
T7320 |
dobj |
boundary,establish |
R5095 |
T7323 |
T7322 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R5096 |
T7324 |
T7289 |
punct |
.,wondered |
R5097 |
T7326 |
T7327 |
prep |
In,are |
R5098 |
T7328 |
T7329 |
det |
the,limb |
R5099 |
T7329 |
T7326 |
pobj |
limb,In |
R5100 |
T7330 |
T7329 |
amod |
developing,limb |
R5101 |
T7331 |
T7327 |
punct |
", ",are |
R5102 |
T7332 |
T7327 |
nsubj |
Engrailed1,are |
R5103 |
T7333 |
T7332 |
punct |
(,Engrailed1 |
R5104 |
T7334 |
T7332 |
appos |
En1,Engrailed1 |
R5105 |
T7335 |
T7332 |
punct |
),Engrailed1 |
R5106 |
T7336 |
T7332 |
punct |
", ",Engrailed1 |
R5107 |
T7337 |
T7332 |
conj |
Wnt7a,Engrailed1 |
R5108 |
T7338 |
T7337 |
punct |
", ",Wnt7a |
R5109 |
T7339 |
T7337 |
cc |
and,Wnt7a |
R5110 |
T7340 |
T7337 |
conj |
Lmx1b,Wnt7a |
R5111 |
T7341 |
T7327 |
attr |
part,are |
R5112 |
T7342 |
T7341 |
prep |
of,part |
R5113 |
T7343 |
T7344 |
det |
a,network |
R5114 |
T7344 |
T7342 |
pobj |
network,of |
R5115 |
T7345 |
T7346 |
poss |
whose,domains |
R5116 |
T7346 |
T7348 |
dep |
domains,help |
R5117 |
T7347 |
T7346 |
amod |
restricted,domains |
R5118 |
T7348 |
T7344 |
relcl |
help,network |
R5119 |
T7349 |
T7346 |
prep |
of,domains |
R5120 |
T7350 |
T7349 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R5121 |
T7351 |
T7352 |
aux |
to,establish |
R5122 |
T7352 |
T7348 |
xcomp |
establish,help |
R5123 |
T7353 |
T7354 |
amod |
dorsoventral,identity |
R5124 |
T7354 |
T7352 |
dobj |
identity,establish |
R5125 |
T7355 |
T7356 |
punct |
(,reviewed |
R5126 |
T7356 |
T7352 |
parataxis |
reviewed,establish |
R5127 |
T7357 |
T7356 |
prep |
in,reviewed |
R5128 |
T7358 |
T7357 |
pobj |
Niswander,in |
R5129 |
T7359 |
T7358 |
npadvmod |
2003,Niswander |
R5130 |
T7360 |
T7356 |
punct |
),reviewed |
R5131 |
T7361 |
T7327 |
punct |
.,are |
R5132 |
T7363 |
T7364 |
nsubjpass |
En1,expressed |
R5133 |
T7364 |
T7367 |
ccomp |
expressed,reveal |
R5134 |
T7365 |
T7364 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R5135 |
T7366 |
T7364 |
advmod |
transiently,expressed |
R5136 |
T7368 |
T7364 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R5137 |
T7369 |
T7370 |
det |
the,flank |
R5138 |
T7370 |
T7368 |
pobj |
flank,in |
R5139 |
T7371 |
T7370 |
amod |
developing,flank |
R5140 |
T7372 |
T7367 |
punct |
;,reveal |
R5141 |
T7373 |
T7367 |
prep |
at,reveal |
R5142 |
T7374 |
T7373 |
pobj |
E11.5,at |
R5143 |
T7375 |
T7367 |
punct |
", ",reveal |
R5144 |
T7376 |
T7377 |
amod |
transverse,sections |
R5145 |
T7377 |
T7367 |
nsubj |
sections,reveal |
R5146 |
T7378 |
T7377 |
amod |
abdominal,sections |
R5147 |
T7379 |
T7367 |
dobj |
domains,reveal |
R5148 |
T7380 |
T7367 |
prep |
in,reveal |
R5149 |
T7381 |
T7382 |
det |
the,tube |
R5150 |
T7382 |
T7380 |
pobj |
tube,in |
R5151 |
T7383 |
T7382 |
amod |
neural,tube |
R5152 |
T7384 |
T7382 |
punct |
", ",tube |
R5153 |
T7385 |
T7386 |
npadvmod |
somite,derived |
R5154 |
T7386 |
T7388 |
amod |
derived,mesenchyme |
R5155 |
T7387 |
T7386 |
punct |
-,derived |
R5156 |
T7388 |
T7382 |
conj |
mesenchyme,tube |
R5157 |
T7389 |
T7388 |
punct |
", ",mesenchyme |
R5158 |
T7390 |
T7388 |
cc |
and,mesenchyme |
R5159 |
T7391 |
T7392 |
det |
the,wall |
R5160 |
T7392 |
T7388 |
conj |
wall,mesenchyme |
R5161 |
T7393 |
T7392 |
amod |
ventral,wall |
R5162 |
T7394 |
T7392 |
compound |
body,wall |
R5163 |
T7395 |
T7396 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R5164 |
T7396 |
T7367 |
parataxis |
Figure,reveal |
R5165 |
T7397 |
T7396 |
nummod |
8C,Figure |
R5166 |
T7398 |
T7396 |
punct |
),Figure |
R5167 |
T7399 |
T7367 |
punct |
.,reveal |
R5168 |
T7401 |
T7402 |
det |
An,section |
R5169 |
T7402 |
T7404 |
nsubj |
section,reveals |
R5170 |
T7403 |
T7402 |
amod |
adjacent,section |
R5171 |
T7405 |
T7402 |
acl |
hybridized,section |
R5172 |
T7406 |
T7405 |
prep |
with,hybridized |
R5173 |
T7407 |
T7406 |
pobj |
Tbx15,with |
R5174 |
T7408 |
T7409 |
det |
a,pattern |
R5175 |
T7409 |
T7404 |
dobj |
pattern,reveals |
R5176 |
T7410 |
T7409 |
amod |
complementary,pattern |
R5177 |
T7411 |
T7409 |
prep |
in,pattern |
R5178 |
T7412 |
T7413 |
det |
the,flank |
R5179 |
T7413 |
T7411 |
pobj |
flank,in |
R5180 |
T7414 |
T7409 |
punct |
", ",pattern |
R5181 |
T7415 |
T7416 |
dep |
which,provides |
R5182 |
T7416 |
T7409 |
relcl |
provides,pattern |
R5183 |
T7417 |
T7418 |
amod |
additional,evidence |
R5184 |
T7418 |
T7416 |
dobj |
evidence,provides |
R5185 |
T7419 |
T7418 |
prep |
for,evidence |
R5186 |
T7420 |
T7421 |
amod |
developmental,mechanisms |
R5187 |
T7421 |
T7419 |
pobj |
mechanisms,for |
R5188 |
T7422 |
T7423 |
dep |
that,establish |
R5189 |
T7423 |
T7421 |
relcl |
establish,mechanisms |
R5190 |
T7424 |
T7425 |
det |
a,boundary |
R5191 |
T7425 |
T7423 |
dobj |
boundary,establish |
R5192 |
T7426 |
T7425 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R5193 |
T7427 |
T7428 |
advmod |
entirely,within |
R5194 |
T7428 |
T7425 |
prep |
within,boundary |
R5195 |
T7429 |
T7430 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R5196 |
T7430 |
T7431 |
compound |
plate,mesoderm |
R5197 |
T7431 |
T7428 |
pobj |
mesoderm,within |
R5198 |
T7432 |
T7428 |
cc |
and,within |
R5199 |
T7433 |
T7428 |
conj |
independent,within |
R5200 |
T7434 |
T7433 |
prep |
of,independent |
R5201 |
T7435 |
T7436 |
compound |
lineage,restrictions |
R5202 |
T7436 |
T7434 |
pobj |
restrictions,of |
R5203 |
T7437 |
T7436 |
acl |
imposed,restrictions |
R5204 |
T7438 |
T7437 |
agent |
by,imposed |
R5205 |
T7439 |
T7440 |
det |
the,frontier |
R5206 |
T7440 |
T7438 |
pobj |
frontier,by |
R5207 |
T7441 |
T7440 |
amod |
lateral,frontier |
R5208 |
T7442 |
T7440 |
amod |
somitic,frontier |
R5209 |
T7443 |
T7404 |
punct |
.,reveals |
R1609 |
T2605 |
T2606 |
amod |
differentiated,state |
R1610 |
T2606 |
T2601 |
conj |
state,number |
R1611 |
T2607 |
T2601 |
prep |
of,number |
R1612 |
T2608 |
T2609 |
compound |
pigment,cells |
R1613 |
T2609 |
T2607 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R1614 |
T2610 |
T2601 |
punct |
", ",number |
R1615 |
T2611 |
T2612 |
advmod |
as,as |
R1618 |
T2614 |
T2615 |
det |
the,type |
R1619 |
T2615 |
T2601 |
conj |
type,number |
R1620 |
T2616 |
T2615 |
prep |
of,type |
R1621 |
T2617 |
T2616 |
pobj |
pigment,of |
R1622 |
T2618 |
T2615 |
acl |
synthesized,type |
R1623 |
T2619 |
T2618 |
prep |
in,synthesized |
R1624 |
T2620 |
T2619 |
pobj |
response,in |
R1625 |
T2621 |
T2620 |
prep |
to,response |
R1626 |
T2622 |
T2621 |
pobj |
expression,to |
R1627 |
T2623 |
T2622 |
prep |
of,expression |
R1628 |
T2624 |
T2623 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R1629 |
T2625 |
T2591 |
punct |
.,represent |
R1630 |
T2627 |
T2628 |
prep |
In,vary |
R1631 |
T2629 |
T2627 |
amod |
particular,In |
R1632 |
T2630 |
T2628 |
punct |
", ",vary |
R1633 |
T2631 |
T2632 |
amod |
ventral,hair |
R1634 |
T2632 |
T2628 |
nsubj |
hair,vary |
R1635 |
T2633 |
T2632 |
prep |
of,hair |
R1636 |
T2634 |
T2635 |
compound |
at,at |
R1639 |
T2637 |
T2633 |
pobj |
animals,of |
R1640 |
T2638 |
T2628 |
aux |
can,vary |
R1641 |
T2639 |
T2628 |
prep |
from,vary |
R1642 |
T2640 |
T2641 |
npadvmod |
cream,colored |
R1645 |
T2643 |
T2639 |
prep |
to,from |
R1646 |
T2644 |
T2645 |
amod |
reddish,yellow |
R1649 |
T2647 |
T2628 |
prep |
depending,vary |
R1650 |
T2648 |
T2647 |
prep |
on,depending |
R1651 |
T2649 |
T2648 |
pobj |
age,on |
R1652 |
T2650 |
T2649 |
punct |
", ",age |
R1653 |
T2651 |
T2652 |
compound |
strain,background |
R1654 |
T2652 |
T2649 |
conj |
background,age |
R1655 |
T2653 |
T2652 |
punct |
", ",background |
R1656 |
T2654 |
T2652 |
cc |
and,background |
R1657 |
T2655 |
T2652 |
conj |
position,background |
R1658 |
T2656 |
T2655 |
prep |
along,position |
R1659 |
T2657 |
T2658 |
det |
the,axis |
R1662 |
T2660 |
T2628 |
punct |
.,vary |
R1663 |
T2662 |
T2663 |
aux |
To,evaluate |
R1664 |
T2663 |
T2664 |
advcl |
evaluate,compared |
R1665 |
T2665 |
T2666 |
det |
the,relationship |
R1666 |
T2666 |
T2663 |
dobj |
relationship,evaluate |
R1667 |
T2667 |
T2666 |
prep |
among,relationship |
R1668 |
T2668 |
T2669 |
det |
these,components |
R1669 |
T2669 |
T2667 |
pobj |
components,among |
R1670 |
T2670 |
T2664 |
punct |
", ",compared |
R1671 |
T2671 |
T2664 |
nsubj |
we,compared |
R1672 |
T2672 |
T2673 |
poss |
their,features |
R1673 |
T2673 |
T2664 |
dobj |
features,compared |
R1674 |
T2674 |
T2664 |
prep |
among,compared |
R1675 |
T2675 |
T2674 |
pobj |
mice,among |
R1676 |
T2676 |
T2675 |
prep |
of,mice |
R1677 |
T2677 |
T2678 |
amod |
different,genotypes |
R1680 |
T2680 |
T2664 |
punct |
.,compared |
R1681 |
T2682 |
T2683 |
amod |
Semiquantitative,measurements |
R1682 |
T2683 |
T2684 |
nsubj |
measurements,reveal |
R1683 |
T2685 |
T2683 |
prep |
of,measurements |
R1684 |
T2686 |
T2687 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1685 |
T2687 |
T2685 |
pobj |
length,of |
R1686 |
T2688 |
T2683 |
acl |
plotted,measurements |
R1687 |
T2689 |
T2688 |
prep |
as,plotted |
R1688 |
T2690 |
T2691 |
det |
a,function |
R1689 |
T2691 |
T2689 |
pobj |
function,as |
R1690 |
T2692 |
T2691 |
prep |
of,function |
R1691 |
T2693 |
T2694 |
amod |
dorsoventral,position |
R1692 |
T2694 |
T2692 |
pobj |
position,of |
R1693 |
T2695 |
T2696 |
mark |
that,coincides |
R1707 |
T2709 |
T2711 |
compound |
at,mice |
R1710 |
T2712 |
T2696 |
prep |
with,coincides |
R1711 |
T2713 |
T2714 |
det |
a,change |
R1715 |
T2717 |
T2714 |
prep |
in,change |
R1716 |
T2718 |
T2719 |
preconj |
both,color |
R1719 |
T2721 |
T2719 |
cc |
and,color |
R1720 |
T2722 |
T2723 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1721 |
T2723 |
T2719 |
conj |
length,color |
R1722 |
T2724 |
T2725 |
punct |
(,1A |
R1725 |
T2727 |
T2728 |
punct |
–,1D |
R1726 |
T2728 |
T2725 |
prep |
1D,1A |
R1727 |
T2729 |
T2725 |
punct |
),1A |
R1728 |
T2730 |
T2684 |
punct |
.,reveal |
R1729 |
T2732 |
T2733 |
prep |
Within,become |
R1730 |
T2734 |
T2735 |
det |
the,region |
R1731 |
T2735 |
T2732 |
pobj |
region,Within |
R1732 |
T2736 |
T2735 |
prep |
of,region |
R1733 |
T2737 |
T2736 |
pobj |
transition,of |
R1734 |
T2738 |
T2737 |
prep |
from,transition |
R1735 |
T2739 |
T2738 |
pobj |
dorsum,from |
R1736 |
T2740 |
T2737 |
prep |
to,transition |
R1737 |
T2741 |
T2740 |
pobj |
ventrum,to |
R1738 |
T2742 |
T2743 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R1832 |
T2842 |
T2843 |
amod |
different,age |
R1833 |
T2843 |
T2841 |
pobj |
age,of |
R1834 |
T2844 |
T2843 |
punct |
", ",age |
R1835 |
T2845 |
T2843 |
conj |
size,age |
R1836 |
T2846 |
T2845 |
punct |
", ",size |
R1837 |
T2847 |
T2845 |
cc |
and,size |
R1838 |
T2848 |
T2849 |
compound |
Agouti,genotype |
R1839 |
T2849 |
T2845 |
conj |
genotype,size |
R1840 |
T2850 |
T2832 |
advmod |
also,are |
R1841 |
T2851 |
T2852 |
advmod |
very,similar |
R1842 |
T2852 |
T2832 |
acomp |
similar,are |
R1843 |
T2853 |
T2854 |
advmod |
when,normalized |
R1844 |
T2854 |
T2832 |
advcl |
normalized,are |
R1845 |
T2855 |
T2854 |
prep |
to,normalized |
R1846 |
T2856 |
T2857 |
compound |
body,circumference |
R1847 |
T2857 |
T2855 |
pobj |
circumference,to |
R1848 |
T2858 |
T2859 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R1960 |
T2978 |
T2976 |
nmod |
al.,Forsthoefel |
R1961 |
T2979 |
T2976 |
nummod |
1966,Forsthoefel |
R1962 |
T2980 |
T2976 |
punct |
),Forsthoefel |
R1963 |
T2981 |
T2962 |
punct |
", ",disappear |
R1964 |
T2982 |
T2962 |
cc |
and,disappear |
R1965 |
T2983 |
T2962 |
punct |
", ",disappear |
R1966 |
T2984 |
T2985 |
advmod |
overall,is |
R1973 |
T2991 |
T2989 |
pobj |
types,of |
R1975 |
T2993 |
T2994 |
advmod |
also,similar |
R1976 |
T2994 |
T2985 |
acomp |
similar,is |
R1977 |
T2995 |
T2985 |
prep |
in,is |
R1978 |
T2996 |
T2995 |
pobj |
dorsa,in |
R1979 |
T2997 |
T2996 |
cc |
and,dorsa |
R1980 |
T2998 |
T2996 |
conj |
ventra,dorsa |
R1981 |
T2999 |
T2996 |
prep |
of,dorsa |
R1982 |
T3000 |
T3001 |
amod |
adult,mice |
R1983 |
T3001 |
T2999 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R1984 |
T3002 |
T2985 |
punct |
.,is |
R1985 |
T3004 |
T3005 |
prep |
In,observed |
R1986 |
T3006 |
T3007 |
npadvmod |
age,matched |
R1991 |
T3011 |
T3005 |
punct |
", ",observed |
R1992 |
T3012 |
T3005 |
nsubj |
we,observed |
R1993 |
T3013 |
T3014 |
det |
a,decrease |
R1996 |
T3016 |
T3014 |
prep |
in,decrease |
R1997 |
T3017 |
T3018 |
det |
the,ratio |
R1998 |
T3018 |
T3016 |
pobj |
ratio,in |
R1999 |
T3019 |
T3018 |
prep |
of,ratio |
R2000 |
T3020 |
T3021 |
compound |
undercoat,hairs |
R2001 |
T3021 |
T3019 |
pobj |
hairs,of |
R2002 |
T3022 |
T3023 |
punct |
(,zigzags |
R2119 |
T3143 |
T3144 |
det |
an,indicator |
R2120 |
T3144 |
T3142 |
pobj |
indicator,as |
R2121 |
T3145 |
T3144 |
prep |
of,indicator |
R2122 |
T3146 |
T3147 |
compound |
tyrosinase,activity |
R2123 |
T3147 |
T3145 |
pobj |
activity,of |
R2124 |
T3148 |
T3139 |
punct |
", ",observed |
R2125 |
T3149 |
T3139 |
nsubj |
we,observed |
R2126 |
T3150 |
T3151 |
det |
a,transition |
R2130 |
T3154 |
T3139 |
prep |
in,observed |
R2131 |
T3155 |
T3156 |
amod |
isolated,preparations |
R2134 |
T3158 |
T3156 |
prep |
from,preparations |
R2135 |
T3159 |
T3160 |
compound |
P4.5,mice |
R2138 |
T3162 |
T3160 |
compound |
ae,mice |
R2140 |
T3164 |
T3165 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R2247 |
T3279 |
T3273 |
dative |
dorsal,distinguish |
R2248 |
T3280 |
T3273 |
prep |
from,distinguish |
R2249 |
T3281 |
T3280 |
pobj |
ventral,from |
R2250 |
T3282 |
T3273 |
dobj |
skin,distinguish |
R2251 |
T3283 |
T3273 |
punct |
: ,distinguish |
R2252 |
T3284 |
T3273 |
dobj |
differences,distinguish |
R2253 |
T3285 |
T3284 |
prep |
in,differences |
R2254 |
T3286 |
T3287 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R2257 |
T3289 |
T3285 |
pobj |
synthesis,in |
R2258 |
T3290 |
T3284 |
punct |
(,differences |
R2259 |
T3291 |
T3284 |
prep |
depending,differences |
R2260 |
T3292 |
T3291 |
prep |
on,depending |
R2261 |
T3293 |
T3294 |
compound |
Agouti,genotype |
R2262 |
T3294 |
T3292 |
pobj |
genotype,on |
R2263 |
T3295 |
T3284 |
punct |
),differences |
R2264 |
T3296 |
T3284 |
punct |
", ",differences |
R2265 |
T3297 |
T3284 |
conj |
differences,differences |
R2266 |
T3298 |
T3297 |
prep |
in,differences |
R2267 |
T3299 |
T3300 |
compound |
hair,length |
R2268 |
T3300 |
T3298 |
pobj |
length,in |
R2269 |
T3301 |
T3297 |
punct |
", ",differences |
R2270 |
T3302 |
T3297 |
cc |
and,differences |
R2271 |
T3303 |
T3297 |
conj |
differences,differences |
R2272 |
T3304 |
T3303 |
prep |
in,differences |
R2273 |
T3305 |
T3306 |
compound |
melanin,content |
R2274 |
T3306 |
T3304 |
pobj |
content,in |
R2275 |
T3307 |
T3273 |
punct |
.,distinguish |
R2283 |
T3541 |
T3539 |
pobj |
Mutation,by |
R2352 |
T3614 |
T3612 |
attr |
characteristic,are |
R2371 |
T3633 |
T3629 |
conj |
area,fissures |
R2587 |
T3857 |
T3855 |
pobj |
stripe,as |
R2622 |
T3892 |
T3883 |
conj |
region,boundary |
R2627 |
T3897 |
T3892 |
relcl |
reduced,region |
R2756 |
T4032 |
T4029 |
dobj |
characteristics,affects |
R2781 |
T4058 |
T4061 |
ccomp |
causes,is |
R4287 |
T6292 |
T6280 |
ccomp |
gives,showed |
R4112 |
T5938 |
T5935 |
advcl |
explained,are |
R3254 |
T4788 |
T4778 |
conj |
sequence,information |
R3488 |
T5035 |
T5040 |
advcl |
was,generated |
R1556 |
T2547 |
T2548 |
amod |
Morphological,Components |
R1557 |
T2549 |
T2548 |
prep |
of,Components |
R1558 |
T2550 |
T2551 |
amod |
Dorsoventral,Differences |
R1561 |
T2554 |
T2555 |
prep |
Besides,suggests |
R1562 |
T2556 |
T2557 |
det |
the,change |
R1565 |
T2559 |
T2557 |
prep |
in,change |
R1566 |
T2560 |
T2561 |
compound |
hair,color |
R1567 |
T2561 |
T2559 |
pobj |
color,in |
R1568 |
T2562 |
T2563 |
dep |
that,distinguishes |
R1571 |
T2565 |
T2563 |
dative |
dorsal,distinguishes |
R1572 |
T2566 |
T2563 |
prep |
from,distinguishes |
R1573 |
T2567 |
T2566 |
pobj |
ventral,from |
R1574 |
T2568 |
T2563 |
dobj |
skin,distinguishes |
R1575 |
T2569 |
T2555 |
punct |
", ",suggests |
R1576 |
T2570 |
T2571 |
amod |
casual,observation |
R1577 |
T2571 |
T2555 |
nsubj |
observation,suggests |
R1578 |
T2572 |
T2573 |
expl |
there,are |
R1579 |
T2573 |
T2555 |
advcl |
are,suggests |
R1580 |
T2574 |
T2575 |
amod |
additional,differences |
R1581 |
T2575 |
T2573 |
attr |
differences,are |
R1582 |
T2576 |
T2575 |
prep |
in,differences |
R1583 |
T2577 |
T2578 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1584 |
T2578 |
T2576 |
pobj |
length,in |
R1585 |
T2579 |
T2578 |
punct |
", ",length |
R1586 |
T2580 |
T2578 |
conj |
distribution,length |
R1587 |
T2581 |
T2580 |
prep |
of,distribution |
R1588 |
T2582 |
T2583 |
compound |
hair,type |
R1589 |
T2583 |
T2581 |
pobj |
type,of |
R1590 |
T2584 |
T2580 |
punct |
", ",distribution |
R1591 |
T2585 |
T2580 |
cc |
and,distribution |
R1592 |
T2586 |
T2587 |
compound |
skin,thickness |
R1593 |
T2587 |
T2580 |
conj |
thickness,distribution |
R1594 |
T2588 |
T2555 |
punct |
.,suggests |
R1595 |
T2590 |
T2591 |
advmod |
Furthermore,represent |
R1596 |
T2592 |
T2591 |
punct |
", ",represent |
R1597 |
T2593 |
T2594 |
amod |
dorsoventral,differences |
R1598 |
T2594 |
T2591 |
nsubj |
differences,represent |
R1599 |
T2595 |
T2594 |
prep |
in,differences |
R1600 |
T2596 |
T2595 |
pobj |
pigmentation,in |
R1601 |
T2597 |
T2591 |
aux |
can,represent |
R1602 |
T2598 |
T2591 |
dobj |
differences,represent |
R1603 |
T2599 |
T2598 |
prep |
in,differences |
R1604 |
T2600 |
T2601 |
det |
the,number |
R1605 |
T2601 |
T2599 |
pobj |
number,in |
R1606 |
T2602 |
T2601 |
cc |
and,number |
R1607 |
T2603 |
T2602 |
punct |
/,and |
R1608 |
T2604 |
T2602 |
cc |
or,and |
R1739 |
T2743 |
T2735 |
parataxis |
Figure,region |
R1740 |
T2744 |
T2743 |
nummod |
1B,Figure |
R1741 |
T2745 |
T2743 |
punct |
),Figure |
R1742 |
T2746 |
T2733 |
punct |
", ",become |
R1743 |
T2747 |
T2748 |
compound |
flank,hairs |
R1744 |
T2748 |
T2733 |
nsubj |
hairs,become |
R1745 |
T2749 |
T2748 |
prep |
from,hairs |
R1746 |
T2750 |
T2751 |
compound |
at,at |
R1749 |
T2753 |
T2749 |
pobj |
mice,from |
R1750 |
T2754 |
T2755 |
advmod |
progressively,shorter |
R1751 |
T2755 |
T2733 |
acomp |
shorter,become |
R1752 |
T2756 |
T2733 |
cc |
and,become |
R1753 |
T2757 |
T2733 |
conj |
exhibit,become |
R1754 |
T2758 |
T2759 |
amod |
increasing,amounts |
R1755 |
T2759 |
T2757 |
dobj |
amounts,exhibit |
R1756 |
T2760 |
T2759 |
prep |
of,amounts |
R1757 |
T2761 |
T2762 |
compound |
pheomelanin,deposition |
R1758 |
T2762 |
T2760 |
pobj |
deposition,of |
R1759 |
T2763 |
T2762 |
amod |
progressing,deposition |
R1760 |
T2764 |
T2757 |
prep |
from,exhibit |
R1761 |
T2765 |
T2766 |
det |
the,tip |
R1762 |
T2766 |
T2764 |
pobj |
tip,from |
R1763 |
T2767 |
T2764 |
prep |
to,from |
R1764 |
T2768 |
T2769 |
det |
the,base |
R1765 |
T2769 |
T2767 |
pobj |
base,to |
R1766 |
T2770 |
T2764 |
prep |
of,from |
R1767 |
T2771 |
T2772 |
det |
the,hair |
R1768 |
T2772 |
T2770 |
pobj |
hair,of |
R1769 |
T2773 |
T2733 |
punct |
.,become |
R1770 |
T2775 |
T2776 |
advmod |
However,is |
R1771 |
T2777 |
T2776 |
punct |
", ",is |
R1772 |
T2778 |
T2779 |
det |
the,region |
R1773 |
T2779 |
T2776 |
nsubj |
region,is |
R1774 |
T2780 |
T2779 |
prep |
of,region |
R1775 |
T2781 |
T2780 |
pobj |
transition,of |
R1776 |
T2782 |
T2776 |
prep |
for,is |
R1777 |
T2783 |
T2784 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1778 |
T2784 |
T2782 |
pobj |
length,for |
R1779 |
T2785 |
T2786 |
advmod |
considerably,broader |
R1780 |
T2786 |
T2776 |
acomp |
broader,is |
R1781 |
T2787 |
T2786 |
prep |
than,broader |
R1782 |
T2788 |
T2787 |
pobj |
that,than |
R1783 |
T2789 |
T2788 |
prep |
for,that |
R1784 |
T2790 |
T2789 |
pobj |
pigmentation,for |
R1785 |
T2791 |
T2786 |
cc |
and,broader |
R1786 |
T2792 |
T2786 |
conj |
independent,broader |
R1787 |
T2793 |
T2792 |
prep |
of,independent |
R1788 |
T2794 |
T2795 |
compound |
Agouti,genotype |
R1789 |
T2795 |
T2793 |
pobj |
genotype,of |
R1790 |
T2796 |
T2776 |
punct |
.,is |
R1791 |
T2798 |
T2799 |
mark |
Although,varies |
R1794 |
T2801 |
T2803 |
compound |
cycle,timing |
R1797 |
T2805 |
T2799 |
prep |
along,varies |
R1798 |
T2806 |
T2807 |
det |
the,axis |
R1801 |
T2809 |
T2804 |
punct |
", ",are |
R1802 |
T2810 |
T2804 |
nsubj |
measurements,are |
R1803 |
T2811 |
T2810 |
prep |
of,measurements |
R1804 |
T2812 |
T2813 |
amod |
absolute,length |
R1807 |
T2815 |
T2810 |
prep |
for,measurements |
R1808 |
T2816 |
T2815 |
pobj |
mice,for |
R1809 |
T2817 |
T2816 |
acl |
matched,mice |
R1810 |
T2818 |
T2817 |
prep |
for,matched |
R1811 |
T2819 |
T2818 |
pobj |
age,for |
R1812 |
T2820 |
T2819 |
cc |
and,age |
R1813 |
T2821 |
T2822 |
amod |
rostrocaudal,level |
R1814 |
T2822 |
T2819 |
conj |
level,age |
R1815 |
T2823 |
T2824 |
advmod |
remarkably,similar |
R1816 |
T2824 |
T2804 |
acomp |
similar,are |
R1817 |
T2825 |
T2826 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R1818 |
T2826 |
T2804 |
parataxis |
Figure,are |
R1819 |
T2827 |
T2826 |
nummod |
1D,Figure |
R1820 |
T2828 |
T2826 |
punct |
),Figure |
R1821 |
T2829 |
T2804 |
punct |
.,are |
R1822 |
T2831 |
T2832 |
advmod |
Furthermore,are |
R1823 |
T2833 |
T2832 |
punct |
", ",are |
R1824 |
T2834 |
T2832 |
nsubj |
measurements,are |
R1825 |
T2835 |
T2834 |
prep |
of,measurements |
R1826 |
T2836 |
T2837 |
amod |
relative,length |
R1829 |
T2839 |
T2832 |
prep |
for,are |
R1830 |
T2840 |
T2839 |
pobj |
animals,for |
R1831 |
T2841 |
T2840 |
prep |
of,animals |
R1849 |
T2859 |
T2832 |
parataxis |
Figure,are |
R1850 |
T2860 |
T2859 |
nummod |
1C,Figure |
R1851 |
T2861 |
T2859 |
punct |
),Figure |
R1852 |
T2862 |
T2832 |
punct |
.,are |
R1853 |
T2864 |
T2865 |
advcl |
Taken,indicate |
R1854 |
T2866 |
T2864 |
advmod |
together,Taken |
R1855 |
T2867 |
T2865 |
punct |
", ",indicate |
R1856 |
T2868 |
T2869 |
det |
these,observations |
R1857 |
T2869 |
T2865 |
nsubj |
observations,indicate |
R1858 |
T2870 |
T2871 |
mark |
that,stereotyped |
R1866 |
T2878 |
T2876 |
pobj |
axis,along |
R1869 |
T2881 |
T2871 |
cc |
and,stereotyped |
R1870 |
T2882 |
T2871 |
conj |
maintained,stereotyped |
R1871 |
T2883 |
T2871 |
prep |
through,stereotyped |
R1872 |
T2884 |
T2885 |
amod |
multiple,cycles |
R1875 |
T2887 |
T2871 |
punct |
", ",stereotyped |
R1876 |
T2888 |
T2871 |
prep |
with,stereotyped |
R1877 |
T2889 |
T2890 |
det |
a,transition |
R1878 |
T2890 |
T2888 |
pobj |
transition,with |
R1879 |
T2891 |
T2890 |
prep |
in,transition |
R1880 |
T2892 |
T2893 |
compound |
hair,length |
R1881 |
T2893 |
T2891 |
pobj |
length,in |
R1882 |
T2894 |
T2895 |
dep |
that,is |
R1883 |
T2895 |
T2890 |
relcl |
is,transition |
R1884 |
T2896 |
T2895 |
acomp |
gradual,is |
R1885 |
T2897 |
T2895 |
cc |
and,is |
R1886 |
T2898 |
T2895 |
conj |
encompasses,is |
R1887 |
T2899 |
T2900 |
det |
the,transition |
R1890 |
T2902 |
T2900 |
compound |
type,transition |
R1892 |
T2904 |
T2895 |
prep |
in,is |
R1893 |
T2905 |
T2906 |
compound |
at,at |
R1896 |
T2908 |
T2904 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R1897 |
T2909 |
T2865 |
punct |
.,indicate |
R1898 |
T2911 |
T2912 |
amod |
Dorsal,skin |
R1902 |
T2916 |
T2915 |
prep |
at,develop |
R1903 |
T2917 |
T2918 |
amod |
different,rates |
R1904 |
T2918 |
T2916 |
pobj |
rates,at |
R1905 |
T2919 |
T2915 |
punct |
.,develop |
R1906 |
T2921 |
T2922 |
amod |
Transverse,sections |
R1907 |
T2922 |
T2923 |
nsubj |
sections,exhibit |
R1908 |
T2924 |
T2922 |
prep |
of,sections |
R1909 |
T2925 |
T2924 |
pobj |
skin,of |
R1910 |
T2926 |
T2922 |
prep |
at,sections |
R1911 |
T2927 |
T2928 |
amod |
postnatal,day |
R1912 |
T2928 |
T2926 |
pobj |
day,at |
R1913 |
T2929 |
T2928 |
nummod |
4.5,day |
R1914 |
T2930 |
T2928 |
punct |
(,day |
R1915 |
T2931 |
T2928 |
appos |
P4.5,day |
R1916 |
T2932 |
T2928 |
punct |
),day |
R1917 |
T2933 |
T2934 |
amod |
dorsal,follicles |
R1920 |
T2936 |
T2937 |
dep |
that,are |
R1921 |
T2937 |
T2934 |
relcl |
are,follicles |
R1922 |
T2938 |
T2939 |
advmod |
noticeably,developed |
R1925 |
T2941 |
T2939 |
prep |
than,developed |
R1926 |
T2942 |
T2943 |
amod |
ventral,follicles |
R1929 |
T2945 |
T2934 |
punct |
", ",follicles |
R1930 |
T2946 |
T2934 |
prep |
along,follicles |
R1931 |
T2947 |
T2946 |
prep |
with,along |
R1932 |
T2948 |
T2949 |
det |
a,decrease |
R1936 |
T2952 |
T2949 |
prep |
in,decrease |
R1937 |
T2953 |
T2954 |
amod |
dermal,thickness |
R1938 |
T2954 |
T2952 |
pobj |
thickness,in |
R1939 |
T2955 |
T2956 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R1940 |
T2956 |
T2923 |
parataxis |
Figure,exhibit |
R1941 |
T2957 |
T2956 |
nummod |
1F,Figure |
R1942 |
T2958 |
T2956 |
punct |
),Figure |
R1943 |
T2959 |
T2923 |
punct |
.,exhibit |
R1944 |
T2961 |
T2962 |
advmod |
However,disappear |
R1945 |
T2963 |
T2962 |
punct |
", ",disappear |
R1946 |
T2964 |
T2962 |
nsubj |
differences,disappear |
R1947 |
T2965 |
T2964 |
prep |
in,differences |
R1948 |
T2966 |
T2967 |
compound |
skin,thickness |
R1949 |
T2967 |
T2965 |
pobj |
thickness,in |
R1950 |
T2968 |
T2962 |
prep |
by,disappear |
R1951 |
T2969 |
T2970 |
quantmod |
3,4 |
R1954 |
T2972 |
T2968 |
pobj |
wk,by |
R1955 |
T2973 |
T2972 |
prep |
of,wk |
R1956 |
T2974 |
T2973 |
pobj |
age,of |
R1957 |
T2975 |
T2976 |
punct |
(,Forsthoefel |
R1958 |
T2976 |
T2962 |
meta |
Forsthoefel,disappear |
R1959 |
T2977 |
T2976 |
nmod |
et,Forsthoefel |
R2003 |
T3023 |
T3021 |
parataxis |
zigzags,hairs |
R2004 |
T3024 |
T3023 |
punct |
),zigzags |
R2005 |
T3025 |
T3018 |
prep |
to,ratio |
R2006 |
T3026 |
T3027 |
compound |
overcoat,hairs |
R2007 |
T3027 |
T3025 |
pobj |
hairs,to |
R2008 |
T3028 |
T3027 |
punct |
(,hairs |
R2009 |
T3029 |
T3027 |
appos |
auchenes,hairs |
R2010 |
T3030 |
T3029 |
punct |
", ",auchenes |
R2011 |
T3031 |
T3029 |
conj |
awls,auchenes |
R2012 |
T3032 |
T3031 |
punct |
", ",awls |
R2013 |
T3033 |
T3031 |
cc |
and,awls |
R2014 |
T3034 |
T3035 |
compound |
guard,hairs |
R2015 |
T3035 |
T3031 |
conj |
hairs,awls |
R2016 |
T3036 |
T3005 |
punct |
),observed |
R2017 |
T3037 |
T3005 |
prep |
in,observed |
R2018 |
T3038 |
T3037 |
pobj |
dorsum,in |
R2019 |
T3039 |
T3005 |
prep |
compared,observed |
R2020 |
T3040 |
T3039 |
prep |
to,compared |
R2021 |
T3041 |
T3040 |
pobj |
ventrum,to |
R2022 |
T3042 |
T3043 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R2023 |
T3043 |
T3005 |
parataxis |
Figure,observed |
R2024 |
T3044 |
T3043 |
nummod |
1E,Figure |
R2025 |
T3045 |
T3043 |
punct |
),Figure |
R2026 |
T3046 |
T3005 |
punct |
", ",observed |
R2027 |
T3047 |
T3005 |
cc |
but,observed |
R2028 |
T3048 |
T3049 |
expl |
there,was |
R2029 |
T3049 |
T3005 |
conj |
was,observed |
R2030 |
T3050 |
T3051 |
det |
no,difference |
R2033 |
T3053 |
T3051 |
prep |
in,difference |
R2034 |
T3054 |
T3055 |
compound |
hair,type |
R2037 |
T3057 |
T3053 |
pobj |
distribution,in |
R2038 |
T3058 |
T3057 |
prep |
for,distribution |
R2039 |
T3059 |
T3060 |
amod |
outbred,mice |
R2040 |
T3060 |
T3058 |
pobj |
mice,for |
R2041 |
T3061 |
T3062 |
punct |
(,shown |
R2045 |
T3065 |
T3062 |
punct |
),shown |
R2046 |
T3066 |
T3049 |
punct |
.,was |
R2047 |
T3068 |
T3069 |
nsubjpass |
Differences,attributed |
R2048 |
T3070 |
T3068 |
prep |
between,Differences |
R2049 |
T3071 |
T3072 |
amod |
dorsal,pigmentation |
R2053 |
T3075 |
T3072 |
prep |
of,pigmentation |
R2054 |
T3076 |
T3077 |
compound |
at,at |
R2057 |
T3079 |
T3075 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R2058 |
T3080 |
T3069 |
auxpass |
are,attributed |
R2059 |
T3081 |
T3069 |
advmod |
usually,attributed |
R2060 |
T3082 |
T3069 |
prep |
to,attributed |
R2061 |
T3083 |
T3084 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R2064 |
T3086 |
T3082 |
pobj |
differences,to |
R2065 |
T3087 |
T3086 |
acl |
caused,differences |
R2066 |
T3088 |
T3087 |
agent |
by,caused |
R2067 |
T3089 |
T3090 |
amod |
ventral,specific |
R2070 |
T3092 |
T3088 |
pobj |
expression,by |
R2071 |
T3093 |
T3092 |
prep |
of,expression |
R2072 |
T3094 |
T3093 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R2073 |
T3095 |
T3069 |
punct |
", ",attributed |
R2074 |
T3096 |
T3069 |
cc |
but,attributed |
R2075 |
T3097 |
T3098 |
nsubj |
animals,have |
R2080 |
T3102 |
T3100 |
pobj |
allele,for |
R2091 |
T3113 |
T3114 |
amod |
ventral,hairs |
R2092 |
T3114 |
T3098 |
dobj |
hairs,have |
R2093 |
T3115 |
T3116 |
dep |
that,contain |
R2094 |
T3116 |
T3114 |
relcl |
contain,hairs |
R2095 |
T3117 |
T3118 |
amod |
less,melanin |
R2096 |
T3118 |
T3116 |
dobj |
melanin,contain |
R2097 |
T3119 |
T3118 |
prep |
than,melanin |
R2098 |
T3120 |
T3121 |
amod |
dorsal,hairs |
R2099 |
T3121 |
T3119 |
pobj |
hairs,than |
R2100 |
T3122 |
T3116 |
punct |
", ",contain |
R2101 |
T3123 |
T3116 |
advcl |
giving,contain |
R2102 |
T3124 |
T3125 |
det |
a,appearance |
R2106 |
T3128 |
T3123 |
dative |
to,giving |
R2107 |
T3129 |
T3130 |
det |
the,coat |
R2110 |
T3132 |
T3133 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R2111 |
T3133 |
T3098 |
parataxis |
Figure,have |
R2112 |
T3134 |
T3133 |
nummod |
1G,Figure |
R2113 |
T3135 |
T3133 |
punct |
),Figure |
R2114 |
T3136 |
T3098 |
punct |
.,have |
R2115 |
T3138 |
T3139 |
advcl |
Using,observed |
R2116 |
T3140 |
T3141 |
compound |
DOPA,staining |
R2117 |
T3141 |
T3138 |
dobj |
staining,Using |
R2118 |
T3142 |
T3138 |
prep |
as,Using |
R2141 |
T3165 |
T3139 |
parataxis |
Figure,observed |
R2142 |
T3166 |
T3165 |
nummod |
1G,Figure |
R2143 |
T3167 |
T3165 |
punct |
),Figure |
R2144 |
T3168 |
T3139 |
punct |
.,observed |
R2145 |
T3170 |
T3171 |
prep |
By,reveal |
R2146 |
T3172 |
T3170 |
pobj |
contrast,By |
R2147 |
T3173 |
T3171 |
punct |
", ",reveal |
R2148 |
T3174 |
T3171 |
nsubj |
skin,reveal |
R2149 |
T3175 |
T3174 |
prep |
from,skin |
R2150 |
T3176 |
T3177 |
compound |
at,at |
R2153 |
T3179 |
T3175 |
pobj |
mice,from |
R2154 |
T3180 |
T3181 |
det |
an,transition |
R2158 |
T3184 |
T3181 |
prep |
of,transition |
R2159 |
T3185 |
T3186 |
compound |
DOPA,staining |
R2160 |
T3186 |
T3184 |
pobj |
staining,of |
R2161 |
T3187 |
T3181 |
punct |
", ",transition |
R2162 |
T3188 |
T3189 |
dep |
which,reflects |
R2165 |
T3191 |
T3192 |
det |
the,effects |
R2168 |
T3194 |
T3192 |
prep |
of,effects |
R2169 |
T3195 |
T3196 |
amod |
reduced,content |
R2172 |
T3198 |
T3196 |
punct |
(,content |
R2173 |
T3199 |
T3196 |
prep |
as,content |
R2174 |
T3200 |
T3199 |
prep |
in,as |
R2175 |
T3201 |
T3202 |
compound |
ae,ae |
R2178 |
T3204 |
T3200 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R2179 |
T3205 |
T3192 |
punct |
),effects |
R2180 |
T3206 |
T3192 |
cc |
and,effects |
R2181 |
T3207 |
T3192 |
conj |
downregulation,effects |
R2182 |
T3208 |
T3207 |
prep |
of,downregulation |
R2183 |
T3209 |
T3210 |
compound |
tyrosinase,activity |
R2184 |
T3210 |
T3208 |
pobj |
activity,of |
R2185 |
T3211 |
T3210 |
acl |
induced,activity |
R2186 |
T3212 |
T3211 |
agent |
by,induced |
R2187 |
T3213 |
T3212 |
pobj |
Agouti,by |
R2188 |
T3214 |
T3171 |
punct |
.,reveal |
R2189 |
T3216 |
T3217 |
compound |
Melanin,content |
R2190 |
T3217 |
T3218 |
nsubj |
content,is |
R2191 |
T3219 |
T3217 |
prep |
of,content |
R2192 |
T3220 |
T3221 |
amod |
individual,hairs |
R2193 |
T3221 |
T3219 |
pobj |
hairs,of |
R2194 |
T3222 |
T3218 |
acomp |
likely,is |
R2195 |
T3223 |
T3224 |
aux |
to,influenced |
R2198 |
T3226 |
T3227 |
preconj |
both,by |
R2199 |
T3227 |
T3224 |
agent |
by,influenced |
R2200 |
T3228 |
T3229 |
det |
the,number |
R2201 |
T3229 |
T3227 |
pobj |
number,by |
R2202 |
T3230 |
T3229 |
prep |
of,number |
R2203 |
T3231 |
T3232 |
compound |
pigment,cells |
R2204 |
T3232 |
T3230 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R2205 |
T3233 |
T3229 |
cc |
and,number |
R2206 |
T3234 |
T3235 |
poss |
their,environment |
R2209 |
T3237 |
T3218 |
punct |
.,is |
R2210 |
T3239 |
T3240 |
advmod |
Regardless,persist |
R2211 |
T3241 |
T3240 |
punct |
", ",persist |
R2212 |
T3242 |
T3243 |
amod |
dorsoventral,differences |
R2213 |
T3243 |
T3240 |
nsubj |
differences,persist |
R2214 |
T3244 |
T3243 |
prep |
in,differences |
R2215 |
T3245 |
T3246 |
compound |
hair,content |
R2218 |
T3248 |
T3246 |
prep |
of,content |
R2219 |
T3249 |
T3250 |
compound |
ae,ae |
R2222 |
T3252 |
T3248 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R2223 |
T3253 |
T3240 |
prep |
throughout,persist |
R2224 |
T3254 |
T3255 |
amod |
multiple,cycles |
R2227 |
T3257 |
T3240 |
prep |
into,persist |
R2228 |
T3258 |
T3257 |
pobj |
adulthood,into |
R2229 |
T3259 |
T3240 |
punct |
", ",persist |
R2230 |
T3260 |
T3240 |
advcl |
similar,persist |
R2231 |
T3261 |
T3260 |
prep |
to,similar |
R2232 |
T3262 |
T3263 |
compound |
hair,length |
R2233 |
T3263 |
T3261 |
pobj |
length,to |
R2234 |
T3264 |
T3260 |
punct |
(,similar |
R2235 |
T3265 |
T3260 |
cc |
but,similar |
R2236 |
T3266 |
T3260 |
conj |
unlike,similar |
R2237 |
T3267 |
T3268 |
compound |
skin,thickness |
R2238 |
T3268 |
T3266 |
pobj |
thickness,unlike |
R2239 |
T3269 |
T3240 |
punct |
),persist |
R2240 |
T3270 |
T3240 |
punct |
.,persist |
R2241 |
T3272 |
T3273 |
advmod |
Thus,distinguish |
R2242 |
T3274 |
T3273 |
punct |
", ",distinguish |
R2243 |
T3275 |
T3276 |
advmod |
at,three |
R2246 |
T3278 |
T3273 |
nsubj |
characteristics,distinguish |
R2848 |
T4128 |
T4121 |
parataxis |
shown,display |
R2871 |
T4153 |
T4151 |
pobj |
days,in |
R3021 |
T4311 |
T4309 |
pobj |
skin,between |