Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T7563 |
11-18 |
JJ |
denotes |
Several |
T7564 |
19-28 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T7565 |
49-59 |
VBN |
denotes |
identified |
T7566 |
29-32 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7567 |
33-38 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T7568 |
39-43 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T7569 |
44-48 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T7570 |
60-64 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7571 |
65-71 |
VBP |
denotes |
affect |
T7572 |
72-75 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7573 |
76-83 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T7574 |
84-86 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7575 |
87-91 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T7576 |
92-100 |
NN |
denotes |
follicle |
T7577 |
101-112 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T7578 |
112-114 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7579 |
114-117 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T7580 |
118-123 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7581 |
124-126 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7582 |
127-130 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7583 |
136-140 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T7584 |
131-135 |
JJ |
denotes |
only |
T7585 |
141-143 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7586 |
153-156 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T7587 |
144-149 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T7588 |
150-152 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T7589 |
157-162 |
JJ |
denotes |
aware |
T7590 |
163-167 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7591 |
168-175 |
VBZ |
denotes |
affects |
T7592 |
176-179 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7593 |
180-187 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T7594 |
188-190 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7595 |
191-195 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T7596 |
196-208 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T7597 |
209-211 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7598 |
212-221 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T7599 |
227-234 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T7600 |
222-226 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T7601 |
234-235 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7602 |
235-499 |
sentence |
denotes |
Ventral areas that normally produce yellow hair in the trunk, limbs, and craniofacial regions are expanded in deH/deH mice and, in the trunk at least, represent inappropriate dorsal expression of an Agouti mRNA isoform that is normally restricted to ventral skin. |
T7603 |
236-243 |
JJ |
denotes |
Ventral |
T7604 |
244-249 |
NNS |
denotes |
areas |
T7605 |
334-342 |
VBN |
denotes |
expanded |
T7606 |
250-254 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7607 |
264-271 |
VBP |
denotes |
produce |
T7608 |
255-263 |
RB |
denotes |
normally |
T7609 |
272-278 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T7610 |
279-283 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T7611 |
284-286 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7612 |
287-290 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7613 |
291-296 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T7614 |
296-298 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7615 |
298-303 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T7616 |
303-305 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7617 |
305-308 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7618 |
309-321 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T7619 |
322-329 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T7620 |
330-333 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T7621 |
343-345 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7622 |
346-349 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T7623 |
350-353 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T7624 |
349-350 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T7625 |
354-358 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T7626 |
359-362 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7627 |
362-364 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7628 |
364-366 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7629 |
387-396 |
VBP |
denotes |
represent |
T7630 |
367-370 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7631 |
371-376 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T7632 |
377-379 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T7633 |
380-385 |
RBS |
denotes |
least |
T7634 |
385-387 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7635 |
397-410 |
JJ |
denotes |
inappropriate |
T7636 |
418-428 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T7637 |
411-417 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T7638 |
429-431 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7639 |
432-434 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T7640 |
447-454 |
NN |
denotes |
isoform |
T7641 |
435-441 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T7642 |
442-446 |
NN |
denotes |
mRNA |
T7643 |
455-459 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7644 |
472-482 |
VBN |
denotes |
restricted |
T7645 |
460-462 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7646 |
463-471 |
RB |
denotes |
normally |
T7647 |
483-485 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7648 |
486-493 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7649 |
494-498 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T7650 |
498-499 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7651 |
499-730 |
sentence |
denotes |
The deH allele is caused by a large deletion that removes most of the Tbx15 coding sequence, but the pleiotropic phenotype is caused by a simple loss of function for Tbx15 rather than a dominant-negative or contiguous gene effect. |
T7652 |
500-503 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T7653 |
508-514 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T7654 |
504-507 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T7655 |
518-524 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T7656 |
515-517 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7657 |
525-527 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7658 |
528-529 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7659 |
536-544 |
NN |
denotes |
deletion |
T7660 |
530-535 |
JJ |
denotes |
large |
T7661 |
545-549 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T7662 |
550-557 |
VBZ |
denotes |
removes |
T7663 |
558-562 |
JJS |
denotes |
most |
T7664 |
563-565 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7665 |
566-569 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7666 |
583-591 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T7667 |
570-575 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7668 |
576-582 |
NN |
denotes |
coding |
T7669 |
591-593 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7670 |
593-596 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T7671 |
597-600 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7672 |
613-622 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T7673 |
601-612 |
JJ |
denotes |
pleiotropic |
T7674 |
626-632 |
VBN |
denotes |
caused |
T7675 |
623-625 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7676 |
633-635 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T7677 |
636-637 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7678 |
645-649 |
NN |
denotes |
loss |
T7679 |
638-644 |
JJ |
denotes |
simple |
T7680 |
650-652 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7681 |
653-661 |
NN |
denotes |
function |
T7682 |
662-665 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T7683 |
666-671 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7684 |
672-678 |
RB |
denotes |
rather |
T7685 |
679-683 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T7686 |
684-685 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7687 |
723-729 |
NN |
denotes |
effect |
T7688 |
686-694 |
JJ |
denotes |
dominant |
T7689 |
695-703 |
JJ |
denotes |
negative |
T7690 |
694-695 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7691 |
704-706 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T7692 |
707-717 |
JJ |
denotes |
contiguous |
T7693 |
718-722 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T7694 |
729-730 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7695 |
730-992 |
sentence |
denotes |
In particular, there is no heterozygous phenotype, no other genes lie within or close to the deletion breakpoints, and the expression pattern of Tbx15 is consistent with the spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities in both the original de allele and the deH allele. |
T7696 |
731-733 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T7697 |
752-754 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7698 |
734-744 |
JJ |
denotes |
particular |
T7699 |
744-746 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7700 |
746-751 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T7701 |
755-757 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T7702 |
771-780 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T7703 |
758-770 |
JJ |
denotes |
heterozygous |
T7704 |
780-782 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7705 |
782-784 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T7706 |
791-796 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T7707 |
785-790 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T7708 |
797-800 |
VBP |
denotes |
lie |
T7709 |
801-807 |
IN |
denotes |
within |
T7710 |
808-810 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T7711 |
811-816 |
RB |
denotes |
close |
T7712 |
833-844 |
NNS |
denotes |
breakpoints |
T7713 |
817-819 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7714 |
820-823 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7715 |
824-832 |
NN |
denotes |
deletion |
T7716 |
844-846 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7717 |
846-849 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7718 |
850-853 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7719 |
865-872 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T7720 |
854-864 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T7721 |
882-884 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7722 |
873-875 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7723 |
876-881 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7724 |
885-895 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T7725 |
896-900 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T7726 |
901-904 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7727 |
905-913 |
NN |
denotes |
spectrum |
T7728 |
914-916 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7729 |
917-927 |
JJ |
denotes |
phenotypic |
T7730 |
928-941 |
NNS |
denotes |
abnormalities |
T7731 |
942-944 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7732 |
945-949 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T7733 |
966-972 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T7734 |
950-953 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7735 |
954-962 |
JJ |
denotes |
original |
T7736 |
963-965 |
NN |
denotes |
de |
T7737 |
973-976 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7738 |
977-980 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7739 |
985-991 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T7740 |
981-984 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T7741 |
991-992 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7742 |
992-1056 |
sentence |
denotes |
Finally, a Tbx15 targeted allele has the same phenotype as deH. |
T7743 |
993-1000 |
RB |
denotes |
Finally |
T7744 |
1026-1029 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T7745 |
1000-1002 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7746 |
1002-1003 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7747 |
1019-1025 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T7748 |
1004-1009 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7749 |
1010-1018 |
VBN |
denotes |
targeted |
T7750 |
1030-1033 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7751 |
1039-1048 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T7752 |
1034-1038 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T7753 |
1049-1051 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T7754 |
1052-1055 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T7755 |
1055-1056 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7756 |
1057-1254 |
sentence |
denotes |
Our results suggest that patterned expression of Tbx15 provides an instructional cue required to establish the future identity of dorsal dermis with regard to pigmentary and hair length patterning. |
T7757 |
1057-1060 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
Our |
T7758 |
1061-1068 |
NNS |
denotes |
results |
T7759 |
1069-1076 |
VBP |
denotes |
suggest |
T7760 |
1077-1081 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T7761 |
1112-1120 |
VBZ |
denotes |
provides |
T7762 |
1082-1091 |
VBN |
denotes |
patterned |
T7763 |
1092-1102 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T7764 |
1103-1105 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7765 |
1106-1111 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7766 |
1121-1123 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T7767 |
1138-1141 |
NN |
denotes |
cue |
T7768 |
1124-1137 |
JJ |
denotes |
instructional |
T7769 |
1142-1150 |
VBN |
denotes |
required |
T7770 |
1151-1153 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T7771 |
1154-1163 |
VB |
denotes |
establish |
T7772 |
1164-1167 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7773 |
1175-1183 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T7774 |
1168-1174 |
JJ |
denotes |
future |
T7775 |
1184-1186 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7776 |
1187-1193 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T7777 |
1194-1200 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T7778 |
1201-1205 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T7779 |
1206-1212 |
NN |
denotes |
regard |
T7780 |
1213-1215 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7781 |
1216-1226 |
JJ |
denotes |
pigmentary |
T7782 |
1243-1253 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T7783 |
1227-1230 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7784 |
1231-1235 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T7785 |
1236-1242 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T7786 |
1253-1254 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7787 |
1254-1433 |
sentence |
denotes |
The ventral edge of Tbx15 expression in the developing flank does not correspond to a known lineage compartment, but, like limb development, occurs within lateral plate mesoderm. |
T7788 |
1255-1258 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T7789 |
1267-1271 |
NN |
denotes |
edge |
T7790 |
1259-1266 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7791 |
1325-1335 |
VB |
denotes |
correspond |
T7792 |
1272-1274 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7793 |
1275-1280 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T7794 |
1281-1291 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T7795 |
1292-1294 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7796 |
1295-1298 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7797 |
1310-1315 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T7798 |
1299-1309 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T7799 |
1316-1320 |
VBZ |
denotes |
does |
T7800 |
1321-1324 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T7801 |
1336-1338 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7802 |
1339-1340 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7803 |
1355-1366 |
NN |
denotes |
compartment |
T7804 |
1341-1346 |
VBN |
denotes |
known |
T7805 |
1347-1354 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T7806 |
1366-1368 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7807 |
1368-1371 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T7808 |
1371-1373 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7809 |
1373-1377 |
IN |
denotes |
like |
T7810 |
1396-1402 |
VBZ |
denotes |
occurs |
T7811 |
1378-1382 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T7812 |
1383-1394 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T7813 |
1394-1396 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T7814 |
1403-1409 |
IN |
denotes |
within |
T7815 |
1410-1417 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T7816 |
1418-1423 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T7817 |
1424-1432 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T7818 |
1432-1433 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7819 |
1433-1651 |
sentence |
denotes |
These findings represent a novel role for T-box gene action in embryonic development and provide evidence for a previously unappreciated complexity to acquisition of dorsoventral positional identity in mammalian skin. |
T7820 |
1434-1439 |
DT |
denotes |
These |
T7821 |
1440-1448 |
NNS |
denotes |
findings |
T7822 |
1449-1458 |
VBP |
denotes |
represent |
T7823 |
1459-1460 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7824 |
1467-1471 |
NN |
denotes |
role |
T7825 |
1461-1466 |
JJ |
denotes |
novel |
T7826 |
1472-1475 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T7827 |
1476-1477 |
NN |
denotes |
T |
T7828 |
1478-1481 |
NN |
denotes |
box |
T7829 |
1477-1478 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T7830 |
1487-1493 |
NN |
denotes |
action |
T7831 |
1482-1486 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T7832 |
1494-1496 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7833 |
1497-1506 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T7834 |
1507-1518 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T7835 |
1519-1522 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7836 |
1523-1530 |
VBP |
denotes |
provide |
T7837 |
1531-1539 |
NN |
denotes |
evidence |
T7838 |
1540-1543 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T7839 |
1544-1545 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7840 |
1571-1581 |
NN |
denotes |
complexity |
T7841 |
1546-1556 |
RB |
denotes |
previously |
T7842 |
1557-1570 |
JJ |
denotes |
unappreciated |
T7843 |
1582-1584 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T7844 |
1585-1596 |
NN |
denotes |
acquisition |
T7845 |
1597-1599 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7846 |
1600-1612 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T7847 |
1624-1632 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T7848 |
1613-1623 |
JJ |
denotes |
positional |
T7849 |
1633-1635 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7850 |
1636-1645 |
JJ |
denotes |
mammalian |
T7851 |
1646-1650 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T7852 |
1650-1651 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T7946 |
1653-1661 |
JJ |
denotes |
Distinct |
T7947 |
1674-1681 |
NNS |
denotes |
Regions |
T7948 |
1662-1673 |
JJ |
denotes |
Morphologic |
T7949 |
1682-1691 |
VBP |
denotes |
Represent |
T7950 |
1692-1695 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T7951 |
1696-1699 |
NN |
denotes |
Sum |
T7952 |
1700-1702 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7953 |
1703-1712 |
JJ |
denotes |
Different |
T7954 |
1713-1722 |
NNS |
denotes |
Gradients |
T7955 |
1722-1976 |
sentence |
denotes |
The visual boundary between dorsal and ventral skin in at/at mice is reminiscent of other systems in which adjacent compartments enforce a binary choice between alternative patterns of gene expression and cell fate (reviewed in Dahmann and Basler 1999). |
T7956 |
1723-1726 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T7957 |
1734-1742 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T7958 |
1727-1733 |
JJ |
denotes |
visual |
T7959 |
1789-1791 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T7960 |
1743-1750 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T7961 |
1751-1757 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T7962 |
1770-1774 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T7963 |
1758-1761 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7964 |
1762-1769 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T7965 |
1775-1777 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7966 |
1778-1780 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T7967 |
1781-1783 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T7968 |
1780-1781 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T7969 |
1784-1788 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T7970 |
1792-1803 |
JJ |
denotes |
reminiscent |
T7971 |
1804-1806 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7972 |
1807-1812 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T7973 |
1813-1820 |
NNS |
denotes |
systems |
T7974 |
1821-1823 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7975 |
1852-1859 |
VBP |
denotes |
enforce |
T7976 |
1824-1829 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T7977 |
1830-1838 |
JJ |
denotes |
adjacent |
T7978 |
1839-1851 |
NNS |
denotes |
compartments |
T7979 |
1860-1861 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T7980 |
1869-1875 |
NN |
denotes |
choice |
T7981 |
1862-1868 |
JJ |
denotes |
binary |
T7982 |
1876-1883 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T7983 |
1884-1895 |
JJ |
denotes |
alternative |
T7984 |
1896-1904 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T7985 |
1905-1907 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T7986 |
1908-1912 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T7987 |
1913-1923 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T7988 |
1924-1927 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7989 |
1928-1932 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T7990 |
1933-1937 |
NN |
denotes |
fate |
T7991 |
1938-1939 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T7992 |
1939-1947 |
VBN |
denotes |
reviewed |
T7993 |
1948-1950 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T7994 |
1951-1958 |
NNP |
denotes |
Dahmann |
T7995 |
1959-1962 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T7996 |
1963-1969 |
NNP |
denotes |
Basler |
T7997 |
1970-1974 |
CD |
denotes |
1999 |
T7998 |
1974-1975 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T7999 |
1975-1976 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8000 |
1976-2232 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, Agouti mRNA in both embryonic and postnatal skin is distributed along a gradient whose dorsal boundary is indistinct and overlaps with two additional gradients recognized by their effects on hair length and histochemical staining for melanocytes. |
T8001 |
1977-1984 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T8002 |
2038-2049 |
VBN |
denotes |
distributed |
T8003 |
1984-1986 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8004 |
1986-1992 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T8005 |
1993-1997 |
NN |
denotes |
mRNA |
T8006 |
1998-2000 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8007 |
2001-2005 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T8008 |
2006-2015 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T8009 |
2030-2034 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T8010 |
2016-2019 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8011 |
2020-2029 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T8012 |
2035-2037 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8013 |
2050-2055 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T8014 |
2056-2057 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8015 |
2058-2066 |
NN |
denotes |
gradient |
T8016 |
2067-2072 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T8017 |
2080-2088 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T8018 |
2073-2079 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T8019 |
2089-2091 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8020 |
2092-2102 |
JJ |
denotes |
indistinct |
T8021 |
2103-2106 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8022 |
2107-2115 |
VBZ |
denotes |
overlaps |
T8023 |
2116-2120 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T8024 |
2121-2124 |
CD |
denotes |
two |
T8025 |
2136-2145 |
NNS |
denotes |
gradients |
T8026 |
2125-2135 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T8027 |
2146-2156 |
VBN |
denotes |
recognized |
T8028 |
2157-2159 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T8029 |
2160-2165 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T8030 |
2166-2173 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T8031 |
2174-2176 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T8032 |
2177-2181 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T8033 |
2182-2188 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T8034 |
2189-2192 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8035 |
2193-2206 |
JJ |
denotes |
histochemical |
T8036 |
2207-2215 |
NN |
denotes |
staining |
T8037 |
2216-2219 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8038 |
2220-2231 |
NNS |
denotes |
melanocytes |
T8039 |
2231-2232 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8040 |
2232-2401 |
sentence |
denotes |
The three gradients are close but not congruent, and it is their proximity that gives rise to the superficial distinction between dorsal and ventral skin of at/at mice. |
T8041 |
2233-2236 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T8042 |
2243-2252 |
NNS |
denotes |
gradients |
T8043 |
2237-2242 |
CD |
denotes |
three |
T8044 |
2253-2256 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T8045 |
2257-2262 |
JJ |
denotes |
close |
T8046 |
2263-2266 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T8047 |
2267-2270 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T8048 |
2271-2280 |
JJ |
denotes |
congruent |
T8049 |
2280-2282 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8050 |
2282-2285 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8051 |
2286-2288 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T8052 |
2289-2291 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8053 |
2292-2297 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T8054 |
2298-2307 |
NN |
denotes |
proximity |
T8055 |
2308-2312 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T8056 |
2313-2318 |
VBZ |
denotes |
gives |
T8057 |
2319-2323 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T8058 |
2324-2326 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T8059 |
2327-2330 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8060 |
2343-2354 |
NN |
denotes |
distinction |
T8061 |
2331-2342 |
JJ |
denotes |
superficial |
T8062 |
2355-2362 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T8063 |
2363-2369 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T8064 |
2382-2386 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T8065 |
2370-2373 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8066 |
2374-2381 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T8067 |
2387-2389 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8068 |
2390-2392 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T8069 |
2393-2395 |
NN |
denotes |
at |
T8070 |
2392-2393 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T8071 |
2396-2400 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T8072 |
2400-2401 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8073 |
2401-2589 |
sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, slight differences between the regions of transition for pigment-type switching and pigment content give rise to a subtle yellow stripe along the flank (see Figures 1, 2, and 9A). |
T8074 |
2402-2408 |
RB |
denotes |
Indeed |
T8075 |
2510-2514 |
VBP |
denotes |
give |
T8076 |
2408-2410 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8077 |
2410-2416 |
JJ |
denotes |
slight |
T8078 |
2417-2428 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T8079 |
2429-2436 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T8080 |
2437-2440 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8081 |
2441-2448 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T8082 |
2449-2451 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8083 |
2452-2462 |
NN |
denotes |
transition |
T8084 |
2463-2466 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8085 |
2467-2474 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T8086 |
2475-2479 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T8087 |
2474-2475 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T8088 |
2480-2489 |
NN |
denotes |
switching |
T8089 |
2490-2493 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8090 |
2494-2501 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T8091 |
2502-2509 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T8092 |
2515-2519 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T8093 |
2520-2522 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T8094 |
2523-2524 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8095 |
2539-2545 |
NN |
denotes |
stripe |
T8096 |
2525-2531 |
JJ |
denotes |
subtle |
T8097 |
2532-2538 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T8098 |
2546-2551 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T8099 |
2552-2555 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8100 |
2556-2561 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T8101 |
2562-2563 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8102 |
2563-2566 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T8103 |
2567-2574 |
NNS |
denotes |
Figures |
T8104 |
2575-2576 |
CD |
denotes |
1 |
T8105 |
2576-2578 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8106 |
2578-2579 |
CD |
denotes |
2 |
T8107 |
2579-2581 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8108 |
2581-2584 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8109 |
2585-2587 |
CD |
denotes |
9A |
T8110 |
2587-2588 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8111 |
2588-2589 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8112 |
2589-2855 |
sentence |
denotes |
Levels of Agouti mRNA remain high throughout the entire ventrum, but hair pigment content is reduced, giving rise to a cream-colored region in the ventrum that, depending on age and genetic backgrounds, may appear more or less distinct from the yellow flank stripe. |
T8113 |
2590-2596 |
NNS |
denotes |
Levels |
T8114 |
2612-2618 |
VBP |
denotes |
remain |
T8115 |
2597-2599 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8116 |
2600-2606 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T8117 |
2607-2611 |
NN |
denotes |
mRNA |
T8118 |
2619-2623 |
JJ |
denotes |
high |
T8119 |
2624-2634 |
IN |
denotes |
throughout |
T8120 |
2635-2638 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8121 |
2646-2653 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T8122 |
2639-2645 |
JJ |
denotes |
entire |
T8123 |
2653-2655 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8124 |
2655-2658 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T8125 |
2659-2663 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T8126 |
2672-2679 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T8127 |
2664-2671 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T8128 |
2683-2690 |
VBN |
denotes |
reduced |
T8129 |
2680-2682 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8130 |
2690-2692 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8131 |
2692-2698 |
VBG |
denotes |
giving |
T8132 |
2699-2703 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T8133 |
2704-2706 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T8134 |
2707-2708 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8135 |
2723-2729 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T8136 |
2709-2714 |
NN |
denotes |
cream |
T8137 |
2715-2722 |
VBN |
denotes |
colored |
T8138 |
2714-2715 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T8139 |
2730-2732 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8140 |
2733-2736 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8141 |
2737-2744 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T8142 |
2745-2749 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T8143 |
2797-2803 |
VB |
denotes |
appear |
T8144 |
2749-2751 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8145 |
2751-2760 |
VBG |
denotes |
depending |
T8146 |
2761-2763 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T8147 |
2764-2767 |
NN |
denotes |
age |
T8148 |
2768-2771 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8149 |
2772-2779 |
JJ |
denotes |
genetic |
T8150 |
2780-2791 |
NNS |
denotes |
backgrounds |
T8151 |
2791-2793 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8152 |
2793-2796 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T8153 |
2804-2808 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T8154 |
2817-2825 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinct |
T8155 |
2809-2811 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T8156 |
2812-2816 |
RBR |
denotes |
less |
T8157 |
2826-2830 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T8158 |
2831-2834 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8159 |
2848-2854 |
NN |
denotes |
stripe |
T8160 |
2835-2841 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T8161 |
2842-2847 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T8162 |
2854-2855 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8163 |
2855-4375 |
sentence |
denotes |
Figure 9 Model for Acquisition of Dorsoventral Patterning in the Trunk and the Role of Tbx15
(A) A tricolor pigmentation pattern is generated by the combination of distinct mechanisms that affect distribution of Agouti mRNA and histochemical staining for melanocytes; effects of the latter mechanism by itself are evident in ae/ae mice (see Figure 1). In at/at mice, reduced hair melanocyte activity and high levels of Agouti mRNA in the ventrum lead to a cream color; as melanocyte activity gradually increases towards the dorsum, a lateral stripe is apparent on the flank. The distributions of Agouti mRNA and histochemical staining for melanocytes are both affected by Tbx15 and are externally evident by a widening of the lateral stripe and an increased proportion of total skin occupied by the cream-colored area.
(B) The lateral yellow stripe in at/at mice lies at the same level as the limb dorsoventral boundary. As described in the text, we propose that distinct dorsoventral compartments in ectoderm of the trunk provide an instructional cue to the mesoderm, leading to expression of Tbx15 in dorsal trunk mesenchyme and acquisition of dorsal dermis character. In the absence of Tbx15, dorsal mesenchyme assumes ventral characteristics instead. Loss of Tbx15 affects dorsoventral transitions of hair length, pigment content, and expression of the ventral-specific Agouti isoform; however, the former two effects are subtle and contribute little, if at all, to the abnormal pigmentation of adult deH/deH mice. |
T8164 |
4112-4116 |
NN |
denotes |
Loss |
T8165 |
4126-4133 |
VBZ |
denotes |
affects |
T8166 |
4117-4119 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8167 |
4120-4125 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8168 |
4279-4282 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T8169 |
4134-4146 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T8170 |
4147-4158 |
NNS |
denotes |
transitions |
T8171 |
4159-4161 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8172 |
4162-4166 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T8173 |
4167-4173 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T8174 |
4173-4175 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8175 |
4175-4182 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T8176 |
4183-4190 |
NN |
denotes |
content |
T8177 |
4190-4192 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8178 |
4192-4195 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8179 |
4196-4206 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T8180 |
4207-4209 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8181 |
4210-4213 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8182 |
4238-4245 |
NN |
denotes |
isoform |
T8183 |
4214-4221 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T8184 |
4222-4230 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T8185 |
4221-4222 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T8186 |
4231-4237 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T8187 |
4245-4246 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8188 |
4247-4254 |
RB |
denotes |
however |
T8189 |
4254-4256 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8190 |
4256-4259 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8191 |
4271-4278 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T8192 |
4260-4266 |
JJ |
denotes |
former |
T8193 |
4267-4270 |
CD |
denotes |
two |
T8194 |
4283-4289 |
JJ |
denotes |
subtle |
T8195 |
4290-4293 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8196 |
4294-4304 |
VBP |
denotes |
contribute |
T8197 |
4305-4311 |
JJ |
denotes |
little |
T8198 |
4311-4313 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8199 |
4319-4322 |
RB |
denotes |
all |
T8200 |
4313-4315 |
IN |
denotes |
if |
T8201 |
4316-4318 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T8202 |
4322-4324 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8203 |
4324-4326 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T8204 |
4327-4330 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8205 |
4340-4352 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T8206 |
4331-4339 |
JJ |
denotes |
abnormal |
T8207 |
4353-4355 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8208 |
4356-4361 |
JJ |
denotes |
adult |
T8209 |
4370-4374 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T8210 |
4362-4365 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T8211 |
4366-4369 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T8212 |
4365-4366 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T8213 |
4374-4375 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8214 |
4375-4586 |
sentence |
denotes |
Thus, despite the abnormal pattern of dark skin in neonatal deH/deH mice (e.g., Figure 2D), the most obvious feature in adults is dorsal displacement of the “boundary” between black and yellow hair (Figure 9A). |
T8215 |
4376-4380 |
RB |
denotes |
Thus |
T8216 |
4503-4505 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8217 |
4380-4382 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8218 |
4382-4389 |
IN |
denotes |
despite |
T8219 |
4390-4393 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8220 |
4403-4410 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T8221 |
4394-4402 |
JJ |
denotes |
abnormal |
T8222 |
4411-4413 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8223 |
4414-4418 |
JJ |
denotes |
dark |
T8224 |
4419-4423 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T8225 |
4424-4426 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8226 |
4427-4435 |
JJ |
denotes |
neonatal |
T8227 |
4444-4448 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T8228 |
4436-4439 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T8229 |
4440-4443 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T8230 |
4439-4440 |
SYM |
denotes |
/ |
T8231 |
4449-4450 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8232 |
4456-4462 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T8233 |
4450-4454 |
FW |
denotes |
e.g. |
T8234 |
4454-4456 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8235 |
4463-4465 |
CD |
denotes |
2D |
T8236 |
4465-4466 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8237 |
4466-4468 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8238 |
4468-4471 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8239 |
4485-4492 |
NN |
denotes |
feature |
T8240 |
4472-4476 |
RBS |
denotes |
most |
T8241 |
4477-4484 |
JJ |
denotes |
obvious |
T8242 |
4493-4495 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8243 |
4496-4502 |
NNS |
denotes |
adults |
T8244 |
4506-4512 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T8245 |
4513-4525 |
NN |
denotes |
displacement |
T8246 |
4526-4528 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8247 |
4529-4532 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8248 |
4534-4542 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T8249 |
4533-4534 |
`` |
denotes |
“ |
T8250 |
4542-4543 |
'' |
denotes |
” |
T8251 |
4544-4551 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T8252 |
4552-4557 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T8253 |
4569-4573 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T8254 |
4558-4561 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8255 |
4562-4568 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T8256 |
4574-4575 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8257 |
4575-4581 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T8258 |
4582-4584 |
CD |
denotes |
9A |
T8259 |
4584-4585 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8260 |
4585-4586 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8496 |
4588-4596 |
NN |
denotes |
Genetics |
T8497 |
4597-4599 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8498 |
4600-4605 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8499 |
4605-4901 |
sentence |
denotes |
Named for the presence of a DNA-binding domain first identified in the mouse Brachyury gene (haploinsufficiency causes a short tail), T box–containing genes have been identified as developmental regulators in a wide spectrum of tissues and multicellular organisms (reviewed in Papaioannou 2001). |
T8500 |
4606-4611 |
VBN |
denotes |
Named |
T8501 |
4773-4783 |
VBN |
denotes |
identified |
T8502 |
4612-4615 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8503 |
4616-4619 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8504 |
4620-4628 |
NN |
denotes |
presence |
T8505 |
4629-4631 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8506 |
4632-4633 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8507 |
4646-4652 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T8508 |
4634-4637 |
NN |
denotes |
DNA |
T8509 |
4638-4645 |
VBG |
denotes |
binding |
T8510 |
4637-4638 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T8511 |
4653-4658 |
RB |
denotes |
first |
T8512 |
4659-4669 |
VBN |
denotes |
identified |
T8513 |
4670-4672 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8514 |
4673-4676 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8515 |
4693-4697 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T8516 |
4677-4682 |
NN |
denotes |
mouse |
T8517 |
4683-4692 |
NN |
denotes |
Brachyury |
T8518 |
4698-4699 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8519 |
4718-4724 |
VBZ |
denotes |
causes |
T8520 |
4699-4717 |
NN |
denotes |
haploinsufficiency |
T8521 |
4725-4726 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8522 |
4733-4737 |
NN |
denotes |
tail |
T8523 |
4727-4732 |
JJ |
denotes |
short |
T8524 |
4737-4738 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8525 |
4738-4740 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8526 |
4740-4741 |
NN |
denotes |
T |
T8527 |
4742-4745 |
NN |
denotes |
box |
T8528 |
4746-4756 |
VBG |
denotes |
containing |
T8529 |
4745-4746 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T8530 |
4757-4762 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T8531 |
4763-4767 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T8532 |
4768-4772 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T8533 |
4784-4786 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T8534 |
4787-4800 |
JJ |
denotes |
developmental |
T8535 |
4801-4811 |
NNS |
denotes |
regulators |
T8536 |
4812-4814 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8537 |
4815-4816 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8538 |
4822-4830 |
NN |
denotes |
spectrum |
T8539 |
4817-4821 |
JJ |
denotes |
wide |
T8540 |
4831-4833 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8541 |
4834-4841 |
NNS |
denotes |
tissues |
T8542 |
4842-4845 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8543 |
4846-4859 |
JJ |
denotes |
multicellular |
T8544 |
4860-4869 |
NNS |
denotes |
organisms |
T8545 |
4870-4871 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8546 |
4871-4879 |
VBN |
denotes |
reviewed |
T8547 |
4880-4882 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8548 |
4883-4894 |
NNP |
denotes |
Papaioannou |
T8549 |
4895-4899 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T8550 |
4899-4900 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8551 |
4900-4901 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8552 |
4901-5123 |
sentence |
denotes |
The Tbx15 subfamily, which also includes Tbx18 and Tbx22, is likely to have arisen during early chordate evolution since there is a single gene in amphioxus but no obvious homolog in the fly genome (Ruvinsky et al. 2000). |
T8553 |
4902-4905 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T8554 |
4912-4921 |
NN |
denotes |
subfamily |
T8555 |
4906-4911 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8556 |
4960-4962 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8557 |
4921-4923 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8558 |
4923-4928 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T8559 |
4934-4942 |
VBZ |
denotes |
includes |
T8560 |
4929-4933 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T8561 |
4943-4948 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx18 |
T8562 |
4949-4952 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8563 |
4953-4958 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8564 |
4958-4960 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8565 |
4963-4969 |
JJ |
denotes |
likely |
T8566 |
4970-4972 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T8567 |
4978-4984 |
VBN |
denotes |
arisen |
T8568 |
4973-4977 |
VB |
denotes |
have |
T8569 |
4985-4991 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T8570 |
4992-4997 |
JJ |
denotes |
early |
T8571 |
5007-5016 |
NN |
denotes |
evolution |
T8572 |
4998-5006 |
NN |
denotes |
chordate |
T8573 |
5017-5022 |
IN |
denotes |
since |
T8574 |
5029-5031 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8575 |
5023-5028 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T8576 |
5032-5033 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8577 |
5041-5045 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T8578 |
5034-5040 |
JJ |
denotes |
single |
T8579 |
5046-5048 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8580 |
5049-5058 |
NN |
denotes |
amphioxus |
T8581 |
5059-5062 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T8582 |
5063-5065 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T8583 |
5074-5081 |
NN |
denotes |
homolog |
T8584 |
5066-5073 |
JJ |
denotes |
obvious |
T8585 |
5082-5084 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8586 |
5085-5088 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8587 |
5093-5099 |
NN |
denotes |
genome |
T8588 |
5089-5092 |
NN |
denotes |
fly |
T8589 |
5100-5101 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8590 |
5101-5109 |
NNP |
denotes |
Ruvinsky |
T8591 |
5110-5112 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8592 |
5113-5116 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8593 |
5117-5121 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T8594 |
5121-5122 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8595 |
5122-5123 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8596 |
5123-5493 |
sentence |
denotes |
Consistent with this relationship, the three genes are expressed in partially overlapping patterns that include anterior somites (Tbx18 and Tbx22), limb mesenchyme (Tbx15 and Tbx18), and craniofacial mesenchyme (all three genes, Tbx15 more broadly than Tbx18 or Tbx22) (Agulnik et al. 1998; Kraus et al. 2001; Braybrook et al. 2002; Bush et al. 2002; Herr et al. 2003). |
T8597 |
5124-5134 |
JJ |
denotes |
Consistent |
T8598 |
5179-5188 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T8599 |
5135-5139 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T8600 |
5140-5144 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T8601 |
5145-5157 |
NN |
denotes |
relationship |
T8602 |
5157-5159 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8603 |
5159-5162 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8604 |
5169-5174 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T8605 |
5163-5168 |
CD |
denotes |
three |
T8606 |
5175-5178 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T8607 |
5189-5191 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8608 |
5192-5201 |
RB |
denotes |
partially |
T8609 |
5202-5213 |
VBG |
denotes |
overlapping |
T8610 |
5214-5222 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T8611 |
5223-5227 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T8612 |
5228-5235 |
VBP |
denotes |
include |
T8613 |
5236-5244 |
JJ |
denotes |
anterior |
T8614 |
5245-5252 |
NNS |
denotes |
somites |
T8615 |
5253-5254 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8616 |
5254-5259 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx18 |
T8617 |
5260-5263 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8618 |
5264-5269 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8619 |
5269-5270 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8620 |
5270-5272 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8621 |
5272-5276 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T8622 |
5277-5287 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T8623 |
5288-5289 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8624 |
5289-5294 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8625 |
5295-5298 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8626 |
5299-5304 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx18 |
T8627 |
5304-5305 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8628 |
5305-5307 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8629 |
5307-5310 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8630 |
5311-5323 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T8631 |
5324-5334 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T8632 |
5335-5336 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8633 |
5346-5351 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T8634 |
5336-5339 |
DT |
denotes |
all |
T8635 |
5340-5345 |
CD |
denotes |
three |
T8636 |
5351-5353 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8637 |
5353-5358 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8638 |
5359-5363 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T8639 |
5364-5371 |
RB |
denotes |
broadly |
T8640 |
5372-5376 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T8641 |
5377-5382 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx18 |
T8642 |
5383-5385 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T8643 |
5386-5391 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8644 |
5391-5392 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8645 |
5393-5394 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8646 |
5394-5401 |
NNP |
denotes |
Agulnik |
T8647 |
5402-5404 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8648 |
5405-5408 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8649 |
5409-5413 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T8650 |
5413-5414 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8651 |
5415-5420 |
NNP |
denotes |
Kraus |
T8652 |
5421-5423 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8653 |
5424-5427 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8654 |
5428-5432 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T8655 |
5432-5433 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8656 |
5434-5443 |
NNP |
denotes |
Braybrook |
T8657 |
5444-5446 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8658 |
5447-5450 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8659 |
5451-5455 |
CD |
denotes |
2002 |
T8660 |
5455-5456 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8661 |
5457-5461 |
NNP |
denotes |
Bush |
T8662 |
5462-5464 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8663 |
5465-5468 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8664 |
5469-5473 |
CD |
denotes |
2002 |
T8665 |
5473-5474 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8666 |
5475-5479 |
NNP |
denotes |
Herr |
T8667 |
5480-5482 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8668 |
5483-5486 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8669 |
5487-5491 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T8670 |
5491-5492 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8671 |
5492-5493 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8672 |
5493-5785 |
sentence |
denotes |
These observations suggest that an ancestral gene for Tbx15, Tbx18, and Tbx22 may have been important for craniofacial development in cephalochordates, with acquisition of additional expression patterns and developmental functions in the limb and the trunk during early vertebrate evolution. |
T8673 |
5494-5499 |
DT |
denotes |
These |
T8674 |
5500-5512 |
NNS |
denotes |
observations |
T8675 |
5513-5520 |
VBP |
denotes |
suggest |
T8676 |
5521-5525 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T8677 |
5581-5585 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T8678 |
5526-5528 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T8679 |
5539-5543 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T8680 |
5529-5538 |
JJ |
denotes |
ancestral |
T8681 |
5544-5547 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8682 |
5548-5553 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8683 |
5553-5555 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8684 |
5555-5560 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx18 |
T8685 |
5560-5562 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8686 |
5562-5565 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8687 |
5566-5571 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8688 |
5572-5575 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T8689 |
5576-5580 |
VB |
denotes |
have |
T8690 |
5586-5595 |
JJ |
denotes |
important |
T8691 |
5596-5599 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8692 |
5600-5612 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T8693 |
5613-5624 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T8694 |
5625-5627 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8695 |
5628-5644 |
NNS |
denotes |
cephalochordates |
T8696 |
5644-5646 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8697 |
5646-5650 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T8698 |
5651-5662 |
NN |
denotes |
acquisition |
T8699 |
5663-5665 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8700 |
5666-5676 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T8701 |
5688-5696 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T8702 |
5677-5687 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T8703 |
5697-5700 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8704 |
5701-5714 |
JJ |
denotes |
developmental |
T8705 |
5715-5724 |
NNS |
denotes |
functions |
T8706 |
5725-5727 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8707 |
5728-5731 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8708 |
5732-5736 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T8709 |
5737-5740 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8710 |
5741-5744 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8711 |
5745-5750 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T8712 |
5751-5757 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T8713 |
5758-5763 |
JJ |
denotes |
early |
T8714 |
5775-5784 |
NN |
denotes |
evolution |
T8715 |
5764-5774 |
NN |
denotes |
vertebrate |
T8716 |
5784-5785 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8717 |
5785-5985 |
sentence |
denotes |
Expression of Tbx18 and Tbx22 has not been reported in embryonic flank mesenchyme, which suggests that Tbx15 is the only family member involved in establishing the dorsoventral identity of the trunk. |
T8718 |
5786-5796 |
NN |
denotes |
Expression |
T8719 |
5829-5837 |
VBN |
denotes |
reported |
T8720 |
5797-5799 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8721 |
5800-5805 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx18 |
T8722 |
5806-5809 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8723 |
5810-5815 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8724 |
5816-5819 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T8725 |
5820-5823 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T8726 |
5824-5828 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T8727 |
5838-5840 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8728 |
5841-5850 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T8729 |
5857-5867 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T8730 |
5851-5856 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T8731 |
5867-5869 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8732 |
5869-5874 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T8733 |
5875-5883 |
VBZ |
denotes |
suggests |
T8734 |
5884-5888 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T8735 |
5895-5897 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8736 |
5889-5894 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8737 |
5898-5901 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8738 |
5914-5920 |
NN |
denotes |
member |
T8739 |
5902-5906 |
JJ |
denotes |
only |
T8740 |
5907-5913 |
NN |
denotes |
family |
T8741 |
5921-5929 |
VBN |
denotes |
involved |
T8742 |
5930-5932 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8743 |
5933-5945 |
VBG |
denotes |
establishing |
T8744 |
5946-5949 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8745 |
5963-5971 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T8746 |
5950-5962 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T8747 |
5972-5974 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8748 |
5975-5978 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8749 |
5979-5984 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T8750 |
5984-5985 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8751 |
5985-6187 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, it would not be surprising to find some degree of functional redundancy in animals mutated for two or three of the subfamily members in other body regions, particularly the limbs and the head. |
T8752 |
5986-5993 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T8753 |
6008-6010 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T8754 |
5993-5995 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8755 |
5995-5997 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T8756 |
5998-6003 |
MD |
denotes |
would |
T8757 |
6004-6007 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T8758 |
6011-6021 |
JJ |
denotes |
surprising |
T8759 |
6022-6024 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T8760 |
6025-6029 |
VB |
denotes |
find |
T8761 |
6030-6034 |
DT |
denotes |
some |
T8762 |
6035-6041 |
NN |
denotes |
degree |
T8763 |
6042-6044 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8764 |
6045-6055 |
JJ |
denotes |
functional |
T8765 |
6056-6066 |
NN |
denotes |
redundancy |
T8766 |
6067-6069 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8767 |
6070-6077 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T8768 |
6078-6085 |
VBN |
denotes |
mutated |
T8769 |
6086-6089 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8770 |
6090-6093 |
CD |
denotes |
two |
T8771 |
6094-6096 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T8772 |
6097-6102 |
CD |
denotes |
three |
T8773 |
6103-6105 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8774 |
6106-6109 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8775 |
6120-6127 |
NNS |
denotes |
members |
T8776 |
6110-6119 |
NN |
denotes |
subfamily |
T8777 |
6128-6130 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8778 |
6131-6136 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T8779 |
6142-6149 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T8780 |
6137-6141 |
NN |
denotes |
body |
T8781 |
6149-6151 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8782 |
6151-6163 |
RB |
denotes |
particularly |
T8783 |
6168-6173 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T8784 |
6164-6167 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8785 |
6174-6177 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8786 |
6178-6181 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8787 |
6182-6186 |
NN |
denotes |
head |
T8788 |
6186-6187 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8789 |
6187-6309 |
sentence |
denotes |
For example, mutations in Tbx22 cause the human syndrome X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia (Braybrook et al. 2001). |
T8790 |
6188-6191 |
IN |
denotes |
For |
T8791 |
6220-6225 |
VBP |
denotes |
cause |
T8792 |
6192-6199 |
NN |
denotes |
example |
T8793 |
6199-6201 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8794 |
6201-6210 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T8795 |
6211-6213 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8796 |
6214-6219 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8797 |
6226-6229 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8798 |
6236-6244 |
NN |
denotes |
syndrome |
T8799 |
6230-6235 |
JJ |
denotes |
human |
T8800 |
6245-6246 |
NN |
denotes |
X |
T8801 |
6247-6253 |
VBN |
denotes |
linked |
T8802 |
6246-6247 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T8803 |
6260-6266 |
NN |
denotes |
palate |
T8804 |
6254-6259 |
JJ |
denotes |
cleft |
T8805 |
6267-6270 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8806 |
6271-6284 |
NN |
denotes |
ankyloglossia |
T8807 |
6285-6286 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8808 |
6286-6295 |
NNP |
denotes |
Braybrook |
T8809 |
6296-6298 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8810 |
6299-6302 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8811 |
6303-6307 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T8812 |
6307-6308 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8813 |
6308-6309 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8814 |
6309-6559 |
sentence |
denotes |
Despite high levels of Tbx22 expression in periocular embryonic mesenchyme (Braybrook et al. 2002; Bush et al. 2002; Herr et al. 2003), the condition does not affect the eye, perhaps because residual activity is provided by Tbx15 in the same region. |
T8815 |
6310-6317 |
IN |
denotes |
Despite |
T8816 |
6469-6475 |
VB |
denotes |
affect |
T8817 |
6318-6322 |
JJ |
denotes |
high |
T8818 |
6323-6329 |
NNS |
denotes |
levels |
T8819 |
6330-6332 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8820 |
6333-6338 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx22 |
T8821 |
6339-6349 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T8822 |
6350-6352 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8823 |
6353-6363 |
JJ |
denotes |
periocular |
T8824 |
6374-6384 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T8825 |
6364-6373 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T8826 |
6385-6386 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8827 |
6386-6395 |
NNP |
denotes |
Braybrook |
T8828 |
6396-6398 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8829 |
6399-6402 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8830 |
6403-6407 |
CD |
denotes |
2002 |
T8831 |
6407-6408 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8832 |
6409-6413 |
NNP |
denotes |
Bush |
T8833 |
6414-6416 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8834 |
6417-6420 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8835 |
6421-6425 |
CD |
denotes |
2002 |
T8836 |
6425-6426 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8837 |
6427-6431 |
NNP |
denotes |
Herr |
T8838 |
6432-6434 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8839 |
6435-6438 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8840 |
6439-6443 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T8841 |
6443-6444 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8842 |
6444-6446 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8843 |
6446-6449 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8844 |
6450-6459 |
NN |
denotes |
condition |
T8845 |
6460-6464 |
VBZ |
denotes |
does |
T8846 |
6465-6468 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T8847 |
6476-6479 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8848 |
6480-6483 |
NN |
denotes |
eye |
T8849 |
6483-6485 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8850 |
6485-6492 |
RB |
denotes |
perhaps |
T8851 |
6522-6530 |
VBN |
denotes |
provided |
T8852 |
6493-6500 |
IN |
denotes |
because |
T8853 |
6501-6509 |
JJ |
denotes |
residual |
T8854 |
6510-6518 |
NN |
denotes |
activity |
T8855 |
6519-6521 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8856 |
6531-6533 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T8857 |
6534-6539 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8858 |
6540-6542 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T8859 |
6543-6546 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8860 |
6552-6558 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T8861 |
6547-6551 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T8862 |
6558-6559 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8863 |
6559-6861 |
sentence |
denotes |
In an initial description of the expression and map location of mouse Tbx15, Agulnik et al. (1998) suggested human Tbx15 that lies on Chromosome 1p11.1 as a candidate for acromegaloid facial appearance (AFA) syndrome, for which there is a weak positive LOD score to Chromosome 1p (Hughes et al. 1985). |
T8864 |
6560-6562 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T8865 |
6659-6668 |
VBD |
denotes |
suggested |
T8866 |
6563-6565 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T8867 |
6574-6585 |
NN |
denotes |
description |
T8868 |
6566-6573 |
JJ |
denotes |
initial |
T8869 |
6586-6588 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8870 |
6589-6592 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8871 |
6593-6603 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T8872 |
6604-6607 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8873 |
6608-6611 |
NN |
denotes |
map |
T8874 |
6612-6620 |
NN |
denotes |
location |
T8875 |
6621-6623 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8876 |
6624-6629 |
NN |
denotes |
mouse |
T8877 |
6630-6635 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8878 |
6635-6637 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8879 |
6637-6644 |
NNP |
denotes |
Agulnik |
T8880 |
6645-6647 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8881 |
6648-6651 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8882 |
6652-6653 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8883 |
6653-6657 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T8884 |
6657-6658 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8885 |
6669-6674 |
JJ |
denotes |
human |
T8886 |
6675-6680 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T8887 |
6681-6685 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T8888 |
6686-6690 |
VBZ |
denotes |
lies |
T8889 |
6691-6693 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T8890 |
6694-6704 |
NN |
denotes |
Chromosome |
T8891 |
6705-6711 |
NN |
denotes |
1p11.1 |
T8892 |
6712-6714 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T8893 |
6715-6716 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8894 |
6717-6726 |
NN |
denotes |
candidate |
T8895 |
6727-6730 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8896 |
6731-6743 |
JJ |
denotes |
acromegaloid |
T8897 |
6751-6761 |
NN |
denotes |
appearance |
T8898 |
6744-6750 |
JJ |
denotes |
facial |
T8899 |
6768-6776 |
NN |
denotes |
syndrome |
T8900 |
6762-6763 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8901 |
6763-6766 |
NN |
denotes |
AFA |
T8902 |
6766-6767 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8903 |
6776-6778 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8904 |
6778-6781 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T8905 |
6794-6796 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T8906 |
6782-6787 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T8907 |
6788-6793 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T8908 |
6797-6798 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8909 |
6817-6822 |
NN |
denotes |
score |
T8910 |
6799-6803 |
JJ |
denotes |
weak |
T8911 |
6804-6812 |
JJ |
denotes |
positive |
T8912 |
6813-6816 |
NN |
denotes |
LOD |
T8913 |
6823-6825 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T8914 |
6826-6836 |
NN |
denotes |
Chromosome |
T8915 |
6837-6839 |
NN |
denotes |
1p |
T8916 |
6840-6841 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8917 |
6841-6847 |
NNP |
denotes |
Hughes |
T8918 |
6848-6850 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8919 |
6851-6854 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8920 |
6855-6859 |
CD |
denotes |
1985 |
T8921 |
6859-6860 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8922 |
6860-6861 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8923 |
6861-7235 |
sentence |
denotes |
Originally described as a rare autosomal-dominant syndrome with progressive facial coarsening, overgrowth of the intraoral mucosa, and large, doughy hands, more recent case reports describe macrosomia, macrocephaly, or both and generalized hypertrichosis with progressive coarsening (Dallapiccola et al. 1992; Irvine et al. 1996; da Silva et al. 1998; Zelante et al. 2000). |
T8924 |
6862-6872 |
RB |
denotes |
Originally |
T8925 |
6873-6882 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T8926 |
7043-7051 |
VBP |
denotes |
describe |
T8927 |
6883-6885 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T8928 |
6886-6887 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T8929 |
6912-6920 |
NN |
denotes |
syndrome |
T8930 |
6888-6892 |
JJ |
denotes |
rare |
T8931 |
6893-6902 |
JJ |
denotes |
autosomal |
T8932 |
6903-6911 |
JJ |
denotes |
dominant |
T8933 |
6902-6903 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T8934 |
6921-6925 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T8935 |
6926-6937 |
JJ |
denotes |
progressive |
T8936 |
6945-6955 |
NN |
denotes |
coarsening |
T8937 |
6938-6944 |
JJ |
denotes |
facial |
T8938 |
6955-6957 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8939 |
6957-6967 |
NN |
denotes |
overgrowth |
T8940 |
6968-6970 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T8941 |
6971-6974 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T8942 |
6985-6991 |
NN |
denotes |
mucosa |
T8943 |
6975-6984 |
JJ |
denotes |
intraoral |
T8944 |
6991-6993 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8945 |
6993-6996 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8946 |
6997-7002 |
JJ |
denotes |
large |
T8947 |
7011-7016 |
NNS |
denotes |
hands |
T8948 |
7002-7004 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8949 |
7004-7010 |
JJ |
denotes |
doughy |
T8950 |
7016-7018 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8951 |
7018-7022 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T8952 |
7023-7029 |
JJ |
denotes |
recent |
T8953 |
7035-7042 |
NNS |
denotes |
reports |
T8954 |
7030-7034 |
NN |
denotes |
case |
T8955 |
7052-7062 |
NN |
denotes |
macrosomia |
T8956 |
7062-7064 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8957 |
7064-7076 |
NN |
denotes |
macrocephaly |
T8958 |
7076-7078 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T8959 |
7078-7080 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T8960 |
7081-7085 |
DT |
denotes |
both |
T8961 |
7086-7089 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T8962 |
7090-7101 |
VBN |
denotes |
generalized |
T8963 |
7102-7116 |
NN |
denotes |
hypertrichosis |
T8964 |
7117-7121 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T8965 |
7122-7133 |
JJ |
denotes |
progressive |
T8966 |
7134-7144 |
NN |
denotes |
coarsening |
T8967 |
7145-7146 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T8968 |
7146-7158 |
NNP |
denotes |
Dallapiccola |
T8969 |
7159-7161 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8970 |
7162-7165 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8971 |
7166-7170 |
CD |
denotes |
1992 |
T8972 |
7170-7171 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8973 |
7172-7178 |
NNP |
denotes |
Irvine |
T8974 |
7179-7181 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8975 |
7182-7185 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8976 |
7186-7190 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T8977 |
7190-7191 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8978 |
7192-7194 |
NNP |
denotes |
da |
T8979 |
7195-7200 |
NNP |
denotes |
Silva |
T8980 |
7201-7203 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8981 |
7204-7207 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8982 |
7208-7212 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T8983 |
7212-7213 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T8984 |
7214-7221 |
NNP |
denotes |
Zelante |
T8985 |
7222-7224 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T8986 |
7225-7228 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T8987 |
7229-7233 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T8988 |
7233-7234 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T8989 |
7234-7235 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T8990 |
7235-7545 |
sentence |
denotes |
The deH phenotype exhibits little overlap with these features; instead, we suggest a more likely candidate for mutations of human TBX15 would be frontofacionasal syndrome, an unmapped autosomal recessive condition characterized by brachycephaly, blepharophimosis, and midface hypoplasia (Reardon et al. 1994). |
T8991 |
7236-7239 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T8992 |
7244-7253 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T8993 |
7240-7243 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T8994 |
7254-7262 |
VBZ |
denotes |
exhibits |
T8995 |
7311-7318 |
VBP |
denotes |
suggest |
T8996 |
7263-7269 |
JJ |
denotes |
little |
T8997 |
7270-7277 |
NN |
denotes |
overlap |
T8998 |
7278-7282 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T8999 |
7283-7288 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T9000 |
7289-7297 |
NNS |
denotes |
features |
T9001 |
7297-7298 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T9002 |
7299-7306 |
RB |
denotes |
instead |
T9003 |
7306-7308 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9004 |
7308-7310 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T9005 |
7319-7320 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9006 |
7333-7342 |
NN |
denotes |
candidate |
T9007 |
7321-7325 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T9008 |
7326-7332 |
JJ |
denotes |
likely |
T9009 |
7378-7380 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9010 |
7343-7346 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T9011 |
7347-7356 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T9012 |
7357-7359 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9013 |
7360-7365 |
JJ |
denotes |
human |
T9014 |
7366-7371 |
NN |
denotes |
TBX15 |
T9015 |
7372-7377 |
MD |
denotes |
would |
T9016 |
7381-7397 |
JJ |
denotes |
frontofacionasal |
T9017 |
7398-7406 |
NN |
denotes |
syndrome |
T9018 |
7406-7408 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9019 |
7408-7410 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T9020 |
7440-7449 |
NN |
denotes |
condition |
T9021 |
7411-7419 |
JJ |
denotes |
unmapped |
T9022 |
7420-7429 |
JJ |
denotes |
autosomal |
T9023 |
7430-7439 |
JJ |
denotes |
recessive |
T9024 |
7450-7463 |
VBN |
denotes |
characterized |
T9025 |
7464-7466 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T9026 |
7467-7480 |
RB |
denotes |
brachycephaly |
T9027 |
7480-7482 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9028 |
7482-7498 |
NN |
denotes |
blepharophimosis |
T9029 |
7498-7500 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9030 |
7500-7503 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9031 |
7504-7511 |
JJ |
denotes |
midface |
T9032 |
7512-7522 |
NN |
denotes |
hypoplasia |
T9033 |
7523-7524 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9034 |
7524-7531 |
NNP |
denotes |
Reardon |
T9035 |
7532-7534 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T9036 |
7535-7538 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T9037 |
7539-7543 |
CD |
denotes |
1994 |
T9038 |
7543-7544 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9039 |
7544-7545 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9040 |
7545-7798 |
sentence |
denotes |
Two of us (S. Kuijper and F. Meijlink) became interested in the deH mutation because of its effects on skeletal development (Curry 1959) and the possibility that the aristaless-related gene Alx3 might be allelic with droopy ear (ten Berge et al. 1998). |
T9041 |
7546-7549 |
CD |
denotes |
Two |
T9042 |
7585-7591 |
VBD |
denotes |
became |
T9043 |
7550-7552 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9044 |
7553-7555 |
PRP |
denotes |
us |
T9045 |
7556-7557 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9046 |
7557-7559 |
NNP |
denotes |
S. |
T9047 |
7560-7567 |
NNP |
denotes |
Kuijper |
T9048 |
7568-7571 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9049 |
7572-7574 |
NNP |
denotes |
F. |
T9050 |
7575-7583 |
NNP |
denotes |
Meijlink |
T9051 |
7583-7584 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9052 |
7592-7602 |
JJ |
denotes |
interested |
T9053 |
7603-7605 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9054 |
7606-7609 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9055 |
7614-7622 |
NN |
denotes |
mutation |
T9056 |
7610-7613 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9057 |
7623-7630 |
IN |
denotes |
because |
T9058 |
7631-7633 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9059 |
7634-7637 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
its |
T9060 |
7638-7645 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T9061 |
7646-7648 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T9062 |
7649-7657 |
JJ |
denotes |
skeletal |
T9063 |
7658-7669 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T9064 |
7670-7671 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9065 |
7671-7676 |
NNP |
denotes |
Curry |
T9066 |
7677-7681 |
CD |
denotes |
1959 |
T9067 |
7681-7682 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9068 |
7683-7686 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9069 |
7687-7690 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9070 |
7691-7702 |
NN |
denotes |
possibility |
T9071 |
7703-7707 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T9072 |
7747-7749 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9073 |
7708-7711 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9074 |
7731-7735 |
NN |
denotes |
gene |
T9075 |
7712-7722 |
NN |
denotes |
aristaless |
T9076 |
7723-7730 |
VBN |
denotes |
related |
T9077 |
7722-7723 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9078 |
7736-7740 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx3 |
T9079 |
7741-7746 |
MD |
denotes |
might |
T9080 |
7750-7757 |
JJ |
denotes |
allelic |
T9081 |
7758-7762 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T9082 |
7763-7769 |
JJ |
denotes |
droopy |
T9083 |
7770-7773 |
NN |
denotes |
ear |
T9084 |
7774-7775 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9085 |
7775-7778 |
NNP |
denotes |
ten |
T9086 |
7779-7784 |
NNP |
denotes |
Berge |
T9087 |
7785-7787 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T9088 |
7788-7791 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T9089 |
7792-7796 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T9090 |
7796-7797 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9091 |
7797-7798 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9092 |
7798-8045 |
sentence |
denotes |
In spite of similarities between skeletal phenotypes of deH and Alx3 or Alx4 mutants, subsequent experiments (unpublished data) excluded allelism of Alx3 and deH, and a full description of the Tbx15 skeletal phenotype will be published elsewhere. |
T9093 |
7799-7801 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T9094 |
7927-7935 |
VBD |
denotes |
excluded |
T9095 |
7802-7807 |
NN |
denotes |
spite |
T9096 |
7808-7810 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9097 |
7811-7823 |
NNS |
denotes |
similarities |
T9098 |
7824-7831 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T9099 |
7832-7840 |
JJ |
denotes |
skeletal |
T9100 |
7841-7851 |
NNS |
denotes |
phenotypes |
T9101 |
7852-7854 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9102 |
7855-7858 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9103 |
7876-7883 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutants |
T9104 |
7859-7862 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9105 |
7863-7867 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx3 |
T9106 |
7868-7870 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T9107 |
7871-7875 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx4 |
T9108 |
7883-7885 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9109 |
7885-7895 |
JJ |
denotes |
subsequent |
T9110 |
7896-7907 |
NNS |
denotes |
experiments |
T9111 |
7908-7909 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9112 |
7921-7925 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T9113 |
7909-7920 |
JJ |
denotes |
unpublished |
T9114 |
7925-7926 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9115 |
7936-7944 |
NN |
denotes |
allelism |
T9116 |
7945-7947 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9117 |
7948-7952 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx3 |
T9118 |
7953-7956 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9119 |
7957-7960 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9120 |
7960-7962 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9121 |
7962-7965 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9122 |
7966-7967 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9123 |
7973-7984 |
NN |
denotes |
description |
T9124 |
7968-7972 |
JJ |
denotes |
full |
T9125 |
8025-8034 |
VBN |
denotes |
published |
T9126 |
7985-7987 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9127 |
7988-7991 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9128 |
8007-8016 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T9129 |
7992-7997 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9130 |
7998-8006 |
JJ |
denotes |
skeletal |
T9131 |
8017-8021 |
MD |
denotes |
will |
T9132 |
8022-8024 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9133 |
8035-8044 |
RB |
denotes |
elsewhere |
T9134 |
8044-8045 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9366 |
8047-8060 |
JJ |
denotes |
Developmental |
T9367 |
8061-8070 |
NN |
denotes |
Mechanism |
T9368 |
8071-8073 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9369 |
8074-8079 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9370 |
8080-8090 |
NN |
denotes |
Expression |
T9371 |
8091-8094 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9372 |
8095-8101 |
NN |
denotes |
Action |
T9373 |
8102-8104 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9374 |
8105-8108 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9375 |
8109-8113 |
NN |
denotes |
Skin |
T9376 |
8113-8231 |
sentence |
denotes |
Our attention to the role of Tbx15 in pigment patterning was motivated by the effects of Agouti in postnatal animals. |
T9377 |
8114-8117 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
Our |
T9378 |
8118-8127 |
NN |
denotes |
attention |
T9379 |
8175-8184 |
VBN |
denotes |
motivated |
T9380 |
8128-8130 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9381 |
8131-8134 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9382 |
8135-8139 |
NN |
denotes |
role |
T9383 |
8140-8142 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9384 |
8143-8148 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9385 |
8149-8151 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9386 |
8152-8159 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T9387 |
8160-8170 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T9388 |
8171-8174 |
VBD |
denotes |
was |
T9389 |
8185-8187 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T9390 |
8188-8191 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9391 |
8192-8199 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T9392 |
8200-8202 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9393 |
8203-8209 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9394 |
8210-8212 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9395 |
8213-8222 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T9396 |
8223-8230 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T9397 |
8230-8231 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9398 |
8231-8346 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, Agouti is also expressed in the embryo, where it provides a convenient marker of ventral dermis identity. |
T9399 |
8232-8239 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T9400 |
8256-8265 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T9401 |
8239-8241 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9402 |
8241-8247 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9403 |
8248-8250 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9404 |
8251-8255 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T9405 |
8266-8268 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9406 |
8269-8272 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9407 |
8273-8279 |
NN |
denotes |
embryo |
T9408 |
8279-8281 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9409 |
8281-8286 |
WRB |
denotes |
where |
T9410 |
8290-8298 |
VBZ |
denotes |
provides |
T9411 |
8287-8289 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T9412 |
8299-8300 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9413 |
8312-8318 |
NN |
denotes |
marker |
T9414 |
8301-8311 |
JJ |
denotes |
convenient |
T9415 |
8319-8321 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9416 |
8322-8329 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9417 |
8337-8345 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T9418 |
8330-8336 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T9419 |
8345-8346 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9420 |
8346-8526 |
sentence |
denotes |
Because an expanded domain of embryonic Agouti expression in deH/deH animals is detectable by E14.5, the effects of Tbx15 on dorsoventral patterning must occur prior to this time. |
T9421 |
8347-8354 |
IN |
denotes |
Because |
T9422 |
8424-8426 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9423 |
8355-8357 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T9424 |
8367-8373 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T9425 |
8358-8366 |
VBN |
denotes |
expanded |
T9426 |
8374-8376 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9427 |
8377-8386 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T9428 |
8394-8404 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T9429 |
8387-8393 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9430 |
8405-8407 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9431 |
8408-8411 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9432 |
8412-8415 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9433 |
8411-8412 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T9434 |
8416-8423 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T9435 |
8501-8506 |
VB |
denotes |
occur |
T9436 |
8427-8437 |
JJ |
denotes |
detectable |
T9437 |
8438-8440 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T9438 |
8441-8446 |
NN |
denotes |
E14.5 |
T9439 |
8446-8448 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9440 |
8448-8451 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9441 |
8452-8459 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T9442 |
8460-8462 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9443 |
8463-8468 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9444 |
8469-8471 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T9445 |
8472-8484 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T9446 |
8485-8495 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T9447 |
8496-8500 |
MD |
denotes |
must |
T9448 |
8507-8512 |
RB |
denotes |
prior |
T9449 |
8513-8515 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9450 |
8516-8520 |
DT |
denotes |
this |
T9451 |
8521-8525 |
NN |
denotes |
time |
T9452 |
8525-8526 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9453 |
8526-8910 |
sentence |
denotes |
Among other T-box genes whose developmental actions are at least partially understood, two general themes have emerged, one focused on the ability to specify alternative fates for an undifferentiated group of precursor cells and another focused on the ability to support proliferative expansion of a cell population whose fate is already determined (reviewed in Tada and Smith 2001). |
T9454 |
8527-8532 |
IN |
denotes |
Among |
T9455 |
8638-8645 |
VBN |
denotes |
emerged |
T9456 |
8533-8538 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T9457 |
8545-8550 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T9458 |
8539-8540 |
NN |
denotes |
T |
T9459 |
8541-8544 |
NN |
denotes |
box |
T9460 |
8540-8541 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9461 |
8551-8556 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T9462 |
8571-8578 |
NNS |
denotes |
actions |
T9463 |
8557-8570 |
JJ |
denotes |
developmental |
T9464 |
8602-8612 |
VBN |
denotes |
understood |
T9465 |
8579-8582 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T9466 |
8583-8585 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T9467 |
8586-8591 |
RBS |
denotes |
least |
T9468 |
8592-8601 |
RB |
denotes |
partially |
T9469 |
8612-8614 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9470 |
8614-8617 |
CD |
denotes |
two |
T9471 |
8626-8632 |
NNS |
denotes |
themes |
T9472 |
8618-8625 |
JJ |
denotes |
general |
T9473 |
8633-8637 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T9474 |
8645-8647 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9475 |
8647-8650 |
CD |
denotes |
one |
T9476 |
8651-8658 |
VBD |
denotes |
focused |
T9477 |
8659-8661 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T9478 |
8662-8665 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9479 |
8666-8673 |
NN |
denotes |
ability |
T9480 |
8674-8676 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9481 |
8677-8684 |
VB |
denotes |
specify |
T9482 |
8685-8696 |
JJ |
denotes |
alternative |
T9483 |
8697-8702 |
NNS |
denotes |
fates |
T9484 |
8703-8706 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T9485 |
8707-8709 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T9486 |
8727-8732 |
NN |
denotes |
group |
T9487 |
8710-8726 |
JJ |
denotes |
undifferentiated |
T9488 |
8733-8735 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9489 |
8736-8745 |
NN |
denotes |
precursor |
T9490 |
8746-8751 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T9491 |
8752-8755 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9492 |
8756-8763 |
DT |
denotes |
another |
T9493 |
8764-8771 |
VBD |
denotes |
focused |
T9494 |
8772-8774 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T9495 |
8775-8778 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9496 |
8779-8786 |
NN |
denotes |
ability |
T9497 |
8787-8789 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9498 |
8790-8797 |
VB |
denotes |
support |
T9499 |
8798-8811 |
JJ |
denotes |
proliferative |
T9500 |
8812-8821 |
NN |
denotes |
expansion |
T9501 |
8822-8824 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9502 |
8825-8826 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9503 |
8832-8842 |
NN |
denotes |
population |
T9504 |
8827-8831 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T9505 |
8843-8848 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T9506 |
8849-8853 |
NN |
denotes |
fate |
T9507 |
8865-8875 |
VBN |
denotes |
determined |
T9508 |
8854-8856 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9509 |
8857-8864 |
RB |
denotes |
already |
T9510 |
8876-8877 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9511 |
8877-8885 |
VBN |
denotes |
reviewed |
T9512 |
8886-8888 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9513 |
8889-8893 |
NNP |
denotes |
Tada |
T9514 |
8894-8897 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9515 |
8898-8903 |
NNP |
denotes |
Smith |
T9516 |
8904-8908 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T9517 |
8908-8909 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9518 |
8909-8910 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9519 |
8910-9003 |
sentence |
denotes |
Either mechanism may apply to the apparent dorsal-to-ventral transformation in deH/deH mice. |
T9520 |
8911-8917 |
DT |
denotes |
Either |
T9521 |
8918-8927 |
NN |
denotes |
mechanism |
T9522 |
8932-8937 |
VB |
denotes |
apply |
T9523 |
8928-8931 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T9524 |
8938-8940 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9525 |
8941-8944 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9526 |
8972-8986 |
NN |
denotes |
transformation |
T9527 |
8945-8953 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T9528 |
8954-8960 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T9529 |
8960-8961 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9530 |
8961-8963 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9531 |
8963-8964 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9532 |
8964-8971 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9533 |
8987-8989 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9534 |
8990-8993 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9535 |
8994-8997 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9536 |
8993-8994 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T9537 |
8998-9002 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T9538 |
9002-9003 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9539 |
9003-9377 |
sentence |
denotes |
For example, while the expanded domain of Agouti expression in postnatal deH/deH animals can be traced to events that occur between E11.5 and E13.5, the underlying cause may be that embryonic cells in dorsolateral mesenchyme acquire a ventral rather than dorsal identity or that those cells fail to proliferate normally, followed by compensatory expansion of ventral cells. |
T9540 |
9004-9007 |
IN |
denotes |
For |
T9541 |
9178-9180 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9542 |
9008-9015 |
NN |
denotes |
example |
T9543 |
9015-9017 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9544 |
9017-9022 |
IN |
denotes |
while |
T9545 |
9100-9106 |
VBN |
denotes |
traced |
T9546 |
9023-9026 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9547 |
9036-9042 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T9548 |
9027-9035 |
VBN |
denotes |
expanded |
T9549 |
9043-9045 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9550 |
9046-9052 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9551 |
9053-9063 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T9552 |
9064-9066 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9553 |
9067-9076 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T9554 |
9085-9092 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T9555 |
9077-9080 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9556 |
9081-9084 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9557 |
9080-9081 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T9558 |
9093-9096 |
MD |
denotes |
can |
T9559 |
9097-9099 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9560 |
9107-9109 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9561 |
9110-9116 |
NNS |
denotes |
events |
T9562 |
9117-9121 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T9563 |
9122-9127 |
VBP |
denotes |
occur |
T9564 |
9128-9135 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T9565 |
9136-9141 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T9566 |
9142-9145 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9567 |
9146-9151 |
NN |
denotes |
E13.5 |
T9568 |
9151-9153 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9569 |
9153-9156 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9570 |
9168-9173 |
NN |
denotes |
cause |
T9571 |
9157-9167 |
JJ |
denotes |
underlying |
T9572 |
9174-9177 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T9573 |
9181-9185 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T9574 |
9229-9236 |
VBP |
denotes |
acquire |
T9575 |
9186-9195 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T9576 |
9196-9201 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T9577 |
9202-9204 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9578 |
9205-9217 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsolateral |
T9579 |
9218-9228 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T9580 |
9237-9238 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9581 |
9266-9274 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T9582 |
9239-9246 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9583 |
9247-9253 |
IN |
denotes |
rather |
T9584 |
9254-9258 |
IN |
denotes |
than |
T9585 |
9259-9265 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T9586 |
9275-9277 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T9587 |
9278-9282 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T9588 |
9295-9299 |
VBP |
denotes |
fail |
T9589 |
9283-9288 |
DT |
denotes |
those |
T9590 |
9289-9294 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T9591 |
9300-9302 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9592 |
9303-9314 |
VB |
denotes |
proliferate |
T9593 |
9315-9323 |
RB |
denotes |
normally |
T9594 |
9323-9325 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9595 |
9325-9333 |
VBN |
denotes |
followed |
T9596 |
9334-9336 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T9597 |
9337-9349 |
JJ |
denotes |
compensatory |
T9598 |
9350-9359 |
NN |
denotes |
expansion |
T9599 |
9360-9362 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9600 |
9363-9370 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9601 |
9371-9376 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T9602 |
9376-9377 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9603 |
9377-9700 |
sentence |
denotes |
Cell lineage studies should provide a definitive answer, but we favor the latter hypothesis, because measurements of dorsoventral regions according to hair color in deH/deH mice revealed a small increase of the cream-colored ventral region in addition to the approximate doubling of the yellow flank region (see Figure 2). |
T9604 |
9378-9382 |
NN |
denotes |
Cell |
T9605 |
9383-9390 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T9606 |
9391-9398 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T9607 |
9406-9413 |
VB |
denotes |
provide |
T9608 |
9399-9405 |
MD |
denotes |
should |
T9609 |
9414-9415 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9610 |
9427-9433 |
NN |
denotes |
answer |
T9611 |
9416-9426 |
JJ |
denotes |
definitive |
T9612 |
9433-9435 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9613 |
9435-9438 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T9614 |
9439-9441 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T9615 |
9442-9447 |
VBP |
denotes |
favor |
T9616 |
9448-9451 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9617 |
9459-9469 |
NN |
denotes |
hypothesis |
T9618 |
9452-9458 |
JJ |
denotes |
latter |
T9619 |
9469-9471 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9620 |
9471-9478 |
IN |
denotes |
because |
T9621 |
9556-9564 |
VBD |
denotes |
revealed |
T9622 |
9479-9491 |
NNS |
denotes |
measurements |
T9623 |
9492-9494 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9624 |
9495-9507 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T9625 |
9508-9515 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T9626 |
9516-9525 |
VBG |
denotes |
according |
T9627 |
9526-9528 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9628 |
9529-9533 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T9629 |
9534-9539 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T9630 |
9540-9542 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9631 |
9543-9546 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9632 |
9547-9550 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9633 |
9546-9547 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T9634 |
9551-9555 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T9635 |
9565-9566 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9636 |
9573-9581 |
NN |
denotes |
increase |
T9637 |
9567-9572 |
JJ |
denotes |
small |
T9638 |
9582-9584 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9639 |
9585-9588 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9640 |
9611-9617 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T9641 |
9589-9594 |
JJ |
denotes |
cream |
T9642 |
9595-9602 |
JJ |
denotes |
colored |
T9643 |
9594-9595 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9644 |
9603-9610 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9645 |
9618-9620 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9646 |
9621-9629 |
NN |
denotes |
addition |
T9647 |
9630-9632 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9648 |
9633-9636 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9649 |
9649-9657 |
NN |
denotes |
doubling |
T9650 |
9637-9648 |
JJ |
denotes |
approximate |
T9651 |
9658-9660 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9652 |
9661-9664 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9653 |
9678-9684 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T9654 |
9665-9671 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T9655 |
9672-9677 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T9656 |
9685-9686 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9657 |
9686-9689 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T9658 |
9690-9696 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T9659 |
9697-9698 |
CD |
denotes |
2 |
T9660 |
9698-9699 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9661 |
9699-9700 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9662 |
9700-9879 |
sentence |
denotes |
In embryonic mesenchyme, expression of Tbx15 and Agouti are complementary, and it is possible that Tbx15 acts directly to inhibit Agouti transcription in dorsolateral mesenchyme. |
T9663 |
9701-9703 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T9664 |
9757-9760 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T9665 |
9704-9713 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T9666 |
9714-9724 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T9667 |
9724-9726 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9668 |
9726-9736 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T9669 |
9737-9739 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9670 |
9740-9745 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9671 |
9746-9749 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9672 |
9750-9756 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9673 |
9761-9774 |
JJ |
denotes |
complementary |
T9674 |
9774-9776 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9675 |
9776-9779 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9676 |
9780-9782 |
PRP |
denotes |
it |
T9677 |
9783-9785 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9678 |
9786-9794 |
JJ |
denotes |
possible |
T9679 |
9795-9799 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T9680 |
9806-9810 |
VBZ |
denotes |
acts |
T9681 |
9800-9805 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9682 |
9811-9819 |
RB |
denotes |
directly |
T9683 |
9820-9822 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9684 |
9823-9830 |
VB |
denotes |
inhibit |
T9685 |
9831-9837 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9686 |
9838-9851 |
NN |
denotes |
transcription |
T9687 |
9852-9854 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9688 |
9855-9867 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsolateral |
T9689 |
9868-9878 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T9690 |
9878-9879 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9691 |
9879-10140 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, the ability of Tbx15 to suppress expression of the ventral-specific Agouti isoform in postnatal mice is likely to be indirect, since postnatal expression of Tbx15 occurs broadly along the dorsoventral axis and overlaps extensively with that of Agouti. |
T9692 |
9880-9887 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T9693 |
9990-9992 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9694 |
9887-9889 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9695 |
9889-9892 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9696 |
9893-9900 |
NN |
denotes |
ability |
T9697 |
9901-9903 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9698 |
9904-9909 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9699 |
9910-9912 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9700 |
9913-9921 |
VB |
denotes |
suppress |
T9701 |
9922-9932 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T9702 |
9933-9935 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9703 |
9936-9939 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9704 |
9964-9971 |
NN |
denotes |
isoform |
T9705 |
9940-9947 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9706 |
9948-9956 |
JJ |
denotes |
specific |
T9707 |
9947-9948 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9708 |
9957-9963 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9709 |
9972-9974 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9710 |
9975-9984 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T9711 |
9985-9989 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T9712 |
9993-9999 |
JJ |
denotes |
likely |
T9713 |
10000-10002 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9714 |
10003-10005 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9715 |
10006-10014 |
JJ |
denotes |
indirect |
T9716 |
10014-10016 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9717 |
10016-10021 |
IN |
denotes |
since |
T9718 |
10052-10058 |
VBZ |
denotes |
occurs |
T9719 |
10022-10031 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T9720 |
10032-10042 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T9721 |
10043-10045 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9722 |
10046-10051 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9723 |
10059-10066 |
RB |
denotes |
broadly |
T9724 |
10067-10072 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T9725 |
10073-10076 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9726 |
10090-10094 |
NN |
denotes |
axis |
T9727 |
10077-10089 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T9728 |
10095-10098 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9729 |
10099-10107 |
VBZ |
denotes |
overlaps |
T9730 |
10108-10119 |
RB |
denotes |
extensively |
T9731 |
10120-10124 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T9732 |
10125-10129 |
DT |
denotes |
that |
T9733 |
10130-10132 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9734 |
10133-10139 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9735 |
10139-10140 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9736 |
10140-10373 |
sentence |
denotes |
In either case, the targets of Tbx15 action in the skin include genes in addition to Agouti, since hair length and melanocyte distribution exhibit a demonstrable, albeit subtle, alteration in animals that carry a null Agouti allele. |
T9737 |
10141-10143 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T9738 |
10197-10204 |
VBP |
denotes |
include |
T9739 |
10144-10150 |
DT |
denotes |
either |
T9740 |
10151-10155 |
NN |
denotes |
case |
T9741 |
10155-10157 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9742 |
10157-10160 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9743 |
10161-10168 |
NNS |
denotes |
targets |
T9744 |
10169-10171 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9745 |
10172-10177 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T9746 |
10178-10184 |
NN |
denotes |
action |
T9747 |
10185-10187 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9748 |
10188-10191 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T9749 |
10192-10196 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T9750 |
10205-10210 |
NNS |
denotes |
genes |
T9751 |
10211-10213 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9752 |
10214-10222 |
NN |
denotes |
addition |
T9753 |
10223-10225 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T9754 |
10226-10232 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9755 |
10232-10234 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9756 |
10234-10239 |
IN |
denotes |
since |
T9757 |
10280-10287 |
VBP |
denotes |
exhibit |
T9758 |
10240-10244 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T9759 |
10245-10251 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T9760 |
10252-10255 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9761 |
10256-10266 |
NN |
denotes |
melanocyte |
T9762 |
10267-10279 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T9763 |
10288-10289 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9764 |
10319-10329 |
NN |
denotes |
alteration |
T9765 |
10290-10302 |
JJ |
denotes |
demonstrable |
T9766 |
10302-10304 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9767 |
10304-10310 |
CC |
denotes |
albeit |
T9768 |
10311-10317 |
JJ |
denotes |
subtle |
T9769 |
10317-10319 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9770 |
10330-10332 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9771 |
10333-10340 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T9772 |
10341-10345 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T9773 |
10346-10351 |
VBP |
denotes |
carry |
T9774 |
10352-10353 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T9775 |
10366-10372 |
NN |
denotes |
allele |
T9776 |
10354-10358 |
JJ |
denotes |
null |
T9777 |
10359-10365 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9778 |
10372-10373 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9779 |
10373-10640 |
sentence |
denotes |
One potential target is Alx4, which, like Agouti, is expressed in ventral embryonic mesenchyme, and, when mutated, affects hair-follicle as well as limb and craniofacial development (Qu et al. 1997, 1998; Wu et al. 2000; Wuyts et al. 2000; Mavrogiannis et al. 2001). |
T9780 |
10374-10377 |
CD |
denotes |
One |
T9781 |
10388-10394 |
NN |
denotes |
target |
T9782 |
10378-10387 |
JJ |
denotes |
potential |
T9783 |
10395-10397 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9784 |
10398-10402 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx4 |
T9785 |
10402-10404 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9786 |
10404-10409 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T9787 |
10427-10436 |
VBN |
denotes |
expressed |
T9788 |
10409-10411 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9789 |
10411-10415 |
IN |
denotes |
like |
T9790 |
10416-10422 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T9791 |
10422-10424 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9792 |
10424-10426 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T9793 |
10437-10439 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9794 |
10440-10447 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9795 |
10458-10468 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T9796 |
10448-10457 |
JJ |
denotes |
embryonic |
T9797 |
10468-10470 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9798 |
10470-10473 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9799 |
10473-10475 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9800 |
10475-10479 |
WRB |
denotes |
when |
T9801 |
10480-10487 |
VBN |
denotes |
mutated |
T9802 |
10489-10496 |
VBZ |
denotes |
affects |
T9803 |
10487-10489 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9804 |
10497-10501 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T9805 |
10502-10510 |
NN |
denotes |
follicle |
T9806 |
10501-10502 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T9807 |
10544-10555 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T9808 |
10511-10513 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T9809 |
10519-10521 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T9810 |
10514-10518 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T9811 |
10522-10526 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T9812 |
10527-10530 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9813 |
10531-10543 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T9814 |
10556-10557 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9815 |
10557-10559 |
NNP |
denotes |
Qu |
T9816 |
10560-10562 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T9817 |
10563-10566 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T9818 |
10567-10571 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T9819 |
10571-10573 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9820 |
10573-10577 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T9821 |
10577-10578 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T9822 |
10579-10581 |
NNP |
denotes |
Wu |
T9823 |
10582-10584 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T9824 |
10585-10588 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T9825 |
10589-10593 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T9826 |
10593-10594 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T9827 |
10595-10600 |
NNP |
denotes |
Wuyts |
T9828 |
10601-10603 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T9829 |
10604-10607 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T9830 |
10608-10612 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T9831 |
10612-10613 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T9832 |
10614-10626 |
NNP |
denotes |
Mavrogiannis |
T9833 |
10627-10629 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T9834 |
10630-10633 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T9835 |
10634-10638 |
CD |
denotes |
2001 |
T9836 |
10638-10639 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9837 |
10639-10640 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T9838 |
10640-10790 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, expression of ventral markers such as Alx4, as well as Alx3 and Msx2, appears to be unaffected at E11.5 in deH/deH embryos (data not shown). |
T9839 |
10641-10648 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T9840 |
10720-10727 |
VBZ |
denotes |
appears |
T9841 |
10648-10650 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9842 |
10650-10660 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T9843 |
10661-10663 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T9844 |
10664-10671 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T9845 |
10672-10679 |
NNS |
denotes |
markers |
T9846 |
10680-10684 |
JJ |
denotes |
such |
T9847 |
10685-10687 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T9848 |
10688-10692 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx4 |
T9849 |
10692-10694 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9850 |
10694-10696 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T9851 |
10702-10704 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T9852 |
10697-10701 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T9853 |
10705-10709 |
NN |
denotes |
Alx3 |
T9854 |
10710-10713 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T9855 |
10714-10718 |
NN |
denotes |
Msx2 |
T9856 |
10718-10720 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T9857 |
10728-10730 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T9858 |
10731-10733 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T9859 |
10734-10744 |
JJ |
denotes |
unaffected |
T9860 |
10745-10747 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T9861 |
10748-10753 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T9862 |
10754-10756 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T9863 |
10757-10760 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9864 |
10761-10764 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T9865 |
10760-10761 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T9866 |
10765-10772 |
NNS |
denotes |
embryos |
T9867 |
10773-10774 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T9868 |
10783-10788 |
VBN |
denotes |
shown |
T9869 |
10774-10778 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T9870 |
10779-10782 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T9871 |
10788-10789 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T9872 |
10789-10790 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10219 |
10792-10803 |
NNS |
denotes |
Differences |
T10220 |
10804-10807 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10221 |
10808-10820 |
NNS |
denotes |
Similarities |
T10222 |
10821-10823 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10223 |
10824-10836 |
JJ |
denotes |
Dorsoventral |
T10224 |
10842-10852 |
NN |
denotes |
Patterning |
T10225 |
10837-10841 |
NN |
denotes |
Limb |
T10226 |
10852-11015 |
sentence |
denotes |
Loss of Tbx15 also affects regional distribution of hair color in the limbs, with areas that would normally produce black hair giving rise to yellow hair instead. |
T10227 |
10853-10857 |
NN |
denotes |
Loss |
T10228 |
10872-10879 |
VBZ |
denotes |
affects |
T10229 |
10858-10860 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10230 |
10861-10866 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10231 |
10867-10871 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T10232 |
10880-10888 |
JJ |
denotes |
regional |
T10233 |
10889-10901 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T10234 |
10902-10904 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10235 |
10905-10909 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T10236 |
10910-10915 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T10237 |
10916-10918 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10238 |
10919-10922 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10239 |
10923-10928 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T10240 |
10928-10930 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10241 |
10930-10934 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T10242 |
10935-10940 |
NNS |
denotes |
areas |
T10243 |
10980-10986 |
VBG |
denotes |
giving |
T10244 |
10941-10945 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T10245 |
10961-10968 |
VB |
denotes |
produce |
T10246 |
10946-10951 |
MD |
denotes |
would |
T10247 |
10952-10960 |
RB |
denotes |
normally |
T10248 |
10969-10974 |
JJ |
denotes |
black |
T10249 |
10975-10979 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T10250 |
10987-10991 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T10251 |
10992-10994 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10252 |
10995-11001 |
JJ |
denotes |
yellow |
T10253 |
11002-11006 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T10254 |
11007-11014 |
RB |
denotes |
instead |
T10255 |
11014-11015 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10256 |
11015-11173 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, neither normal patterns of pigment-type synthesis in the limb nor their disruption in deH/deH mice correspond to obvious developmental compartments. |
T10257 |
11016-11023 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T10258 |
11124-11134 |
VBP |
denotes |
correspond |
T10259 |
11023-11025 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10260 |
11025-11032 |
CC |
denotes |
neither |
T10261 |
11040-11048 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T10262 |
11033-11039 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T10263 |
11049-11051 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10264 |
11052-11059 |
JJ |
denotes |
pigment |
T10265 |
11060-11064 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T10266 |
11059-11060 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T10267 |
11065-11074 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T10268 |
11075-11077 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10269 |
11078-11081 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10270 |
11082-11086 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10271 |
11087-11090 |
CC |
denotes |
nor |
T10272 |
11091-11096 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
their |
T10273 |
11097-11107 |
NN |
denotes |
disruption |
T10274 |
11108-11110 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10275 |
11111-11114 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T10276 |
11115-11118 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T10277 |
11114-11115 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T10278 |
11119-11123 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T10279 |
11135-11137 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10280 |
11138-11145 |
JJ |
denotes |
obvious |
T10281 |
11160-11172 |
NNS |
denotes |
compartments |
T10282 |
11146-11159 |
JJ |
denotes |
developmental |
T10283 |
11172-11173 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10284 |
11173-11507 |
sentence |
denotes |
Furthermore, losses of function for En1 or Wnt7a, which cause a partial transformation of the distal limb from dorsum to ventrum (Loomis et al. 1996) or ventrum to dorsum (Parr and McMahon 1995), respectively, have no effect on regional patterns of Agouti expression or distribution of hair-color regions (Y. Chen, unpublished data). |
T10285 |
11174-11185 |
RB |
denotes |
Furthermore |
T10286 |
11384-11388 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T10287 |
11185-11187 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10288 |
11187-11193 |
NNS |
denotes |
losses |
T10289 |
11194-11196 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10290 |
11197-11205 |
NN |
denotes |
function |
T10291 |
11206-11209 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T10292 |
11210-11213 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10293 |
11214-11216 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10294 |
11217-11222 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T10295 |
11222-11224 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10296 |
11224-11229 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T10297 |
11230-11235 |
VBP |
denotes |
cause |
T10298 |
11236-11237 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10299 |
11246-11260 |
NN |
denotes |
transformation |
T10300 |
11238-11245 |
JJ |
denotes |
partial |
T10301 |
11261-11263 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10302 |
11264-11267 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10303 |
11275-11279 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10304 |
11268-11274 |
JJ |
denotes |
distal |
T10305 |
11280-11284 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T10306 |
11285-11291 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T10307 |
11292-11294 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10308 |
11295-11302 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T10309 |
11303-11304 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10310 |
11304-11310 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10311 |
11311-11313 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10312 |
11314-11317 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10313 |
11318-11322 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T10314 |
11322-11323 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10315 |
11324-11326 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10316 |
11327-11334 |
NN |
denotes |
ventrum |
T10317 |
11335-11337 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10318 |
11338-11344 |
NN |
denotes |
dorsum |
T10319 |
11345-11346 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10320 |
11346-11350 |
NNP |
denotes |
Parr |
T10321 |
11351-11354 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10322 |
11355-11362 |
NNP |
denotes |
McMahon |
T10323 |
11363-11367 |
CD |
denotes |
1995 |
T10324 |
11367-11368 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10325 |
11368-11370 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10326 |
11370-11382 |
RB |
denotes |
respectively |
T10327 |
11382-11384 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10328 |
11389-11391 |
DT |
denotes |
no |
T10329 |
11392-11398 |
NN |
denotes |
effect |
T10330 |
11399-11401 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T10331 |
11402-11410 |
JJ |
denotes |
regional |
T10332 |
11411-11419 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T10333 |
11420-11422 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10334 |
11423-11429 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T10335 |
11430-11440 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10336 |
11441-11443 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10337 |
11444-11456 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T10338 |
11457-11459 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10339 |
11460-11464 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T10340 |
11465-11470 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T10341 |
11464-11465 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T10342 |
11471-11478 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T10343 |
11479-11480 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10344 |
11480-11482 |
NNP |
denotes |
Y. |
T10345 |
11483-11487 |
NNP |
denotes |
Chen |
T10346 |
11487-11489 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10347 |
11489-11500 |
JJ |
denotes |
unpublished |
T10348 |
11501-11505 |
NNS |
denotes |
data |
T10349 |
11505-11506 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10350 |
11506-11507 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10351 |
11507-11826 |
sentence |
denotes |
(Ectopic pigmentation of the ventral footpads that develops in En1 mutant mice is unrelated to pigment-type synthesis and instead likely reflects a requirement for En1, independent of Wnt7a, to repress migration or proliferation (or both) of pigment cells in ventral epidermis [Cygan et al. 1997; Loomis et al. 1998].) |
T10352 |
11508-11509 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10353 |
11587-11589 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T10354 |
11509-11516 |
JJ |
denotes |
Ectopic |
T10355 |
11517-11529 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T10356 |
11530-11532 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10357 |
11533-11536 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10358 |
11545-11553 |
NNS |
denotes |
footpads |
T10359 |
11537-11544 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T10360 |
11554-11558 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T10361 |
11559-11567 |
VBZ |
denotes |
develops |
T10362 |
11568-11570 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10363 |
11571-11574 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10364 |
11582-11586 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T10365 |
11575-11581 |
NN |
denotes |
mutant |
T10366 |
11590-11599 |
JJ |
denotes |
unrelated |
T10367 |
11600-11602 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10368 |
11603-11610 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T10369 |
11611-11615 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T10370 |
11610-11611 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T10371 |
11616-11625 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T10372 |
11626-11629 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10373 |
11630-11637 |
RB |
denotes |
instead |
T10374 |
11645-11653 |
VBZ |
denotes |
reflects |
T10375 |
11638-11644 |
RB |
denotes |
likely |
T10376 |
11654-11655 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10377 |
11656-11667 |
NN |
denotes |
requirement |
T10378 |
11668-11671 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T10379 |
11672-11675 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10380 |
11675-11677 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10381 |
11677-11688 |
JJ |
denotes |
independent |
T10382 |
11689-11691 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10383 |
11692-11697 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T10384 |
11697-11699 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10385 |
11699-11701 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T10386 |
11702-11709 |
VB |
denotes |
repress |
T10387 |
11710-11719 |
NN |
denotes |
migration |
T10388 |
11720-11722 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10389 |
11723-11736 |
NN |
denotes |
proliferation |
T10390 |
11737-11738 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10391 |
11738-11740 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10392 |
11741-11745 |
DT |
denotes |
both |
T10393 |
11745-11746 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10394 |
11747-11749 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10395 |
11750-11757 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T10396 |
11758-11763 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T10397 |
11764-11766 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10398 |
11767-11774 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T10399 |
11775-11784 |
NN |
denotes |
epidermis |
T10400 |
11785-11786 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
[ |
T10401 |
11786-11791 |
NNP |
denotes |
Cygan |
T10402 |
11792-11794 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10403 |
11795-11798 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10404 |
11799-11803 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10405 |
11803-11804 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10406 |
11805-11811 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10407 |
11812-11814 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10408 |
11815-11818 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10409 |
11819-11823 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T10410 |
11823-11824 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
] |
T10411 |
11824-11825 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10412 |
11825-11826 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10413 |
11826-12184 |
sentence |
denotes |
These considerations notwithstanding, control of dorsoventral trunk pattern by Tbx15 shares certain features with control of dorsoventral limb patterning by Lmx1b, a LIM domain transcription factor that acts downstream of Wnt7a and En1 (Riddle et al. 1995; Vogel et al. 1995; Cygan et al. 1997; Logan et al. 1997; Loomis et al. 1998; Chen and Johnson 2002). |
T10414 |
11827-11832 |
DT |
denotes |
These |
T10415 |
11833-11847 |
NNS |
denotes |
considerations |
T10416 |
11848-11863 |
RB |
denotes |
notwithstanding |
T10417 |
11912-11918 |
VBZ |
denotes |
shares |
T10418 |
11863-11865 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10419 |
11865-11872 |
NN |
denotes |
control |
T10420 |
11873-11875 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10421 |
11876-11888 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10422 |
11895-11902 |
NN |
denotes |
pattern |
T10423 |
11889-11894 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10424 |
11903-11905 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T10425 |
11906-11911 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10426 |
11919-11926 |
JJ |
denotes |
certain |
T10427 |
11927-11935 |
NNS |
denotes |
features |
T10428 |
11936-11940 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T10429 |
11941-11948 |
NN |
denotes |
control |
T10430 |
11949-11951 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10431 |
11952-11964 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10432 |
11970-11980 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T10433 |
11965-11969 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10434 |
11981-11983 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T10435 |
11984-11989 |
NN |
denotes |
Lmx1b |
T10436 |
11989-11991 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10437 |
11991-11992 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10438 |
12018-12024 |
NN |
denotes |
factor |
T10439 |
11993-11996 |
NN |
denotes |
LIM |
T10440 |
11997-12003 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T10441 |
12004-12017 |
NN |
denotes |
transcription |
T10442 |
12025-12029 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T10443 |
12030-12034 |
VBZ |
denotes |
acts |
T10444 |
12035-12045 |
RB |
denotes |
downstream |
T10445 |
12046-12048 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10446 |
12049-12054 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T10447 |
12055-12058 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10448 |
12059-12062 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10449 |
12063-12064 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10450 |
12064-12070 |
NNP |
denotes |
Riddle |
T10451 |
12071-12073 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10452 |
12074-12077 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10453 |
12078-12082 |
CD |
denotes |
1995 |
T10454 |
12082-12083 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10455 |
12084-12089 |
NNP |
denotes |
Vogel |
T10456 |
12090-12092 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10457 |
12093-12096 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10458 |
12097-12101 |
CD |
denotes |
1995 |
T10459 |
12101-12102 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10460 |
12103-12108 |
NNP |
denotes |
Cygan |
T10461 |
12109-12111 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10462 |
12112-12115 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10463 |
12116-12120 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10464 |
12120-12121 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10465 |
12122-12127 |
NNP |
denotes |
Logan |
T10466 |
12128-12130 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10467 |
12131-12134 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10468 |
12135-12139 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10469 |
12139-12140 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10470 |
12141-12147 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10471 |
12148-12150 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10472 |
12151-12154 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10473 |
12155-12159 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T10474 |
12159-12160 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10475 |
12161-12165 |
NNP |
denotes |
Chen |
T10476 |
12166-12169 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10477 |
12170-12177 |
NNP |
denotes |
Johnson |
T10478 |
12178-12182 |
CD |
denotes |
2002 |
T10479 |
12182-12183 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10480 |
12183-12184 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10481 |
12184-12438 |
sentence |
denotes |
Both Tbx15 and Lmx1b act autonomously in mesenchymal cells to promote a dorsal identity, yet have expression domains that do not correspond to cell lineage compartments in the flank (Tbx15) or the limb (Lmx1b) (Altabef et al. 1997; Michaud et al. 1997). |
T10482 |
12185-12189 |
CC |
denotes |
Both |
T10483 |
12190-12195 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10484 |
12206-12209 |
VBP |
denotes |
act |
T10485 |
12196-12199 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10486 |
12200-12205 |
NN |
denotes |
Lmx1b |
T10487 |
12210-12222 |
RB |
denotes |
autonomously |
T10488 |
12223-12225 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10489 |
12226-12237 |
JJ |
denotes |
mesenchymal |
T10490 |
12238-12243 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T10491 |
12244-12246 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T10492 |
12247-12254 |
VB |
denotes |
promote |
T10493 |
12255-12256 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10494 |
12264-12272 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T10495 |
12257-12263 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10496 |
12272-12274 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10497 |
12274-12277 |
CC |
denotes |
yet |
T10498 |
12278-12282 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T10499 |
12283-12293 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10500 |
12294-12301 |
NNS |
denotes |
domains |
T10501 |
12302-12306 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T10502 |
12314-12324 |
VB |
denotes |
correspond |
T10503 |
12307-12309 |
VBP |
denotes |
do |
T10504 |
12310-12313 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T10505 |
12325-12327 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10506 |
12328-12332 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T10507 |
12333-12340 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T10508 |
12341-12353 |
NNS |
denotes |
compartments |
T10509 |
12354-12356 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10510 |
12357-12360 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10511 |
12361-12366 |
NN |
denotes |
flank |
T10512 |
12367-12368 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10513 |
12368-12373 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10514 |
12373-12374 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10515 |
12375-12377 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10516 |
12378-12381 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10517 |
12382-12386 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10518 |
12387-12388 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10519 |
12388-12393 |
NN |
denotes |
Lmx1b |
T10520 |
12393-12394 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10521 |
12395-12396 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10522 |
12396-12403 |
NNP |
denotes |
Altabef |
T10523 |
12404-12406 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10524 |
12407-12410 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10525 |
12411-12415 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10526 |
12415-12416 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10527 |
12417-12424 |
NNP |
denotes |
Michaud |
T10528 |
12425-12427 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10529 |
12428-12431 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10530 |
12432-12436 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10531 |
12436-12437 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10532 |
12437-12438 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10533 |
12438-12614 |
sentence |
denotes |
In the case of Lmx1b, its expression in the distal limb depends on Wnt7a produced in the overlying dorsal ectoderm (Riddle et al. 1995; Cygan et al. 1997; Loomis et al. 1998). |
T10534 |
12439-12441 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T10535 |
12495-12502 |
VBZ |
denotes |
depends |
T10536 |
12442-12445 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10537 |
12446-12450 |
NN |
denotes |
case |
T10538 |
12451-12453 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10539 |
12454-12459 |
NN |
denotes |
Lmx1b |
T10540 |
12459-12461 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10541 |
12461-12464 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
its |
T10542 |
12465-12475 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10543 |
12476-12478 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10544 |
12479-12482 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10545 |
12490-12494 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10546 |
12483-12489 |
JJ |
denotes |
distal |
T10547 |
12503-12505 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T10548 |
12506-12511 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T10549 |
12512-12520 |
VBN |
denotes |
produced |
T10550 |
12521-12523 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10551 |
12524-12527 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10552 |
12545-12553 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T10553 |
12528-12537 |
VBG |
denotes |
overlying |
T10554 |
12538-12544 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10555 |
12554-12555 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10556 |
12555-12561 |
NNP |
denotes |
Riddle |
T10557 |
12562-12564 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10558 |
12565-12568 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10559 |
12569-12573 |
CD |
denotes |
1995 |
T10560 |
12573-12574 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10561 |
12575-12580 |
NNP |
denotes |
Cygan |
T10562 |
12581-12583 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10563 |
12584-12587 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10564 |
12588-12592 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10565 |
12592-12593 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10566 |
12594-12600 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10567 |
12601-12603 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10568 |
12604-12607 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10569 |
12608-12612 |
CD |
denotes |
1998 |
T10570 |
12612-12613 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10571 |
12613-12614 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10572 |
12614-12932 |
sentence |
denotes |
Wnt7a, in turn, is restricted to dorsal ectoderm by En1 in the ventral ectoderm (Loomis et al. 1996; Cygan et al. 1997; Logan et al. 1997), whose expression marks a lineage boundary coincident with the dorsoventral midline of the apical ectodermal ridge (Altabef et al. 1997; Michaud et al. 1997; Kimmel et al. 2000). |
T10573 |
12615-12620 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T10574 |
12634-12644 |
VBN |
denotes |
restricted |
T10575 |
12620-12622 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10576 |
12622-12624 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10577 |
12625-12629 |
NN |
denotes |
turn |
T10578 |
12629-12631 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10579 |
12631-12633 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T10580 |
12645-12647 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10581 |
12648-12654 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10582 |
12655-12663 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T10583 |
12664-12666 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T10584 |
12667-12670 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10585 |
12671-12673 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10586 |
12674-12677 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10587 |
12686-12694 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T10588 |
12678-12685 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T10589 |
12695-12696 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10590 |
12696-12702 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10591 |
12703-12705 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10592 |
12706-12709 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10593 |
12710-12714 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T10594 |
12714-12715 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10595 |
12716-12721 |
NNP |
denotes |
Cygan |
T10596 |
12722-12724 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10597 |
12725-12728 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10598 |
12729-12733 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10599 |
12733-12734 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10600 |
12735-12740 |
NNP |
denotes |
Logan |
T10601 |
12741-12743 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10602 |
12744-12747 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10603 |
12748-12752 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10604 |
12752-12753 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10605 |
12753-12755 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10606 |
12755-12760 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T10607 |
12761-12771 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10608 |
12772-12777 |
VBZ |
denotes |
marks |
T10609 |
12778-12779 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10610 |
12788-12796 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T10611 |
12780-12787 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T10612 |
12797-12807 |
JJ |
denotes |
coincident |
T10613 |
12808-12812 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T10614 |
12813-12816 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10615 |
12830-12837 |
NN |
denotes |
midline |
T10616 |
12817-12829 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10617 |
12838-12840 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10618 |
12841-12844 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10619 |
12863-12868 |
NN |
denotes |
ridge |
T10620 |
12845-12851 |
JJ |
denotes |
apical |
T10621 |
12852-12862 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectodermal |
T10622 |
12869-12870 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10623 |
12891-12898 |
NNP |
denotes |
Michaud |
T10624 |
12870-12877 |
NN |
denotes |
Altabef |
T10625 |
12878-12880 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10626 |
12881-12884 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10627 |
12885-12889 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10628 |
12889-12890 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10629 |
12899-12901 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10630 |
12902-12905 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10631 |
12906-12910 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10632 |
12910-12911 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10633 |
12912-12918 |
NNP |
denotes |
Kimmel |
T10634 |
12919-12921 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10635 |
12922-12925 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10636 |
12926-12930 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T10637 |
12930-12931 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10638 |
12931-12932 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10639 |
12932-13124 |
sentence |
denotes |
As described above, En1 or Wnt7a mutations have not been reported to affect patterns of hair-color distribution (C. Loomis, personal communication; Parr and McMahon 1995; Loomis et al. 1996). |
T10640 |
12933-12935 |
IN |
denotes |
As |
T10641 |
12936-12945 |
VBN |
denotes |
described |
T10642 |
12990-12998 |
VBN |
denotes |
reported |
T10643 |
12946-12951 |
RB |
denotes |
above |
T10644 |
12951-12953 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10645 |
12953-12956 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10646 |
12966-12975 |
NNS |
denotes |
mutations |
T10647 |
12957-12959 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10648 |
12960-12965 |
NN |
denotes |
Wnt7a |
T10649 |
12976-12980 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T10650 |
12981-12984 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T10651 |
12985-12989 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T10652 |
12999-13001 |
TO |
denotes |
to |
T10653 |
13002-13008 |
VB |
denotes |
affect |
T10654 |
13009-13017 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T10655 |
13018-13020 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10656 |
13021-13025 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T10657 |
13026-13031 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T10658 |
13025-13026 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T10659 |
13032-13044 |
NN |
denotes |
distribution |
T10660 |
13045-13046 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10661 |
13046-13048 |
NNP |
denotes |
C. |
T10662 |
13049-13055 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10663 |
13055-13057 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10664 |
13057-13065 |
JJ |
denotes |
personal |
T10665 |
13066-13079 |
NN |
denotes |
communication |
T10666 |
13079-13080 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10667 |
13081-13085 |
NNP |
denotes |
Parr |
T10668 |
13086-13089 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10669 |
13090-13097 |
NNP |
denotes |
McMahon |
T10670 |
13098-13102 |
CD |
denotes |
1995 |
T10671 |
13102-13103 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10672 |
13104-13110 |
NNP |
denotes |
Loomis |
T10673 |
13111-13113 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10674 |
13114-13117 |
RB |
denotes |
al. |
T10675 |
13118-13122 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T10676 |
13122-13123 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10677 |
13123-13124 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10678 |
13124-13296 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, the essential theme that ectodermal lineage compartments control the fate of underlying mesenchyme in developing limbs may apply to the trunk as well as the limb. |
T10679 |
13125-13132 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T10680 |
13257-13262 |
VB |
denotes |
apply |
T10681 |
13132-13134 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10682 |
13134-13137 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10683 |
13148-13153 |
NN |
denotes |
theme |
T10684 |
13138-13147 |
JJ |
denotes |
essential |
T10685 |
13154-13158 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T10686 |
13191-13198 |
VBP |
denotes |
control |
T10687 |
13159-13169 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectodermal |
T10688 |
13178-13190 |
NNS |
denotes |
compartments |
T10689 |
13170-13177 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T10690 |
13199-13202 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10691 |
13203-13207 |
NN |
denotes |
fate |
T10692 |
13208-13210 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10693 |
13211-13221 |
VBG |
denotes |
underlying |
T10694 |
13222-13232 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T10695 |
13233-13235 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10696 |
13236-13246 |
VBG |
denotes |
developing |
T10697 |
13247-13252 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T10698 |
13253-13256 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T10699 |
13263-13265 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10700 |
13266-13269 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10701 |
13270-13275 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10702 |
13276-13278 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T10703 |
13284-13286 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T10704 |
13279-13283 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T10705 |
13287-13290 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10706 |
13291-13295 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10707 |
13295-13296 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10708 |
13296-13418 |
sentence |
denotes |
The mammary glands also develop at a stereotyped dorsoventral position and depend on epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. |
T10709 |
13297-13300 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T10710 |
13309-13315 |
NNS |
denotes |
glands |
T10711 |
13301-13308 |
JJ |
denotes |
mammary |
T10712 |
13321-13328 |
VBP |
denotes |
develop |
T10713 |
13316-13320 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T10714 |
13329-13331 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T10715 |
13332-13333 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10716 |
13359-13367 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T10717 |
13334-13345 |
JJ |
denotes |
stereotyped |
T10718 |
13346-13358 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10719 |
13368-13371 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10720 |
13372-13378 |
VBP |
denotes |
depend |
T10721 |
13379-13381 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T10722 |
13382-13392 |
JJ |
denotes |
epithelial |
T10723 |
13393-13404 |
JJ |
denotes |
mesenchymal |
T10724 |
13392-13393 |
HYPH |
denotes |
– |
T10725 |
13405-13417 |
NNS |
denotes |
interactions |
T10726 |
13417-13418 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10727 |
13418-13638 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, the number and apparent position of the mammary glands are normal in deH/deH animals, indicating the existence of additional mechanisms that control dorsoventral patterning in the trunk as well as in the limbs. |
T10728 |
13419-13426 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T10729 |
13483-13486 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T10730 |
13426-13428 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10731 |
13428-13431 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10732 |
13432-13438 |
NN |
denotes |
number |
T10733 |
13439-13442 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10734 |
13443-13451 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T10735 |
13452-13460 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T10736 |
13461-13463 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10737 |
13464-13467 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10738 |
13476-13482 |
NNS |
denotes |
glands |
T10739 |
13468-13475 |
JJ |
denotes |
mammary |
T10740 |
13487-13493 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T10741 |
13494-13496 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10742 |
13497-13500 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T10743 |
13501-13504 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T10744 |
13500-13501 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T10745 |
13505-13512 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T10746 |
13512-13514 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10747 |
13514-13524 |
VBG |
denotes |
indicating |
T10748 |
13525-13528 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10749 |
13529-13538 |
NN |
denotes |
existence |
T10750 |
13539-13541 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10751 |
13542-13552 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T10752 |
13553-13563 |
NNS |
denotes |
mechanisms |
T10753 |
13564-13568 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T10754 |
13569-13576 |
VBP |
denotes |
control |
T10755 |
13577-13589 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10756 |
13590-13600 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T10757 |
13601-13603 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10758 |
13604-13607 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10759 |
13608-13613 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10760 |
13614-13616 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T10761 |
13622-13624 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T10762 |
13617-13621 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T10763 |
13625-13627 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10764 |
13628-13631 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10765 |
13632-13637 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T10766 |
13637-13638 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10767 |
13638-13698 |
sentence |
denotes |
These ideas are summarized in the model shown in Figure 9B. |
T10768 |
13639-13644 |
DT |
denotes |
These |
T10769 |
13645-13650 |
NNS |
denotes |
ideas |
T10770 |
13655-13665 |
VBN |
denotes |
summarized |
T10771 |
13651-13654 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T10772 |
13666-13668 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10773 |
13669-13672 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10774 |
13673-13678 |
NN |
denotes |
model |
T10775 |
13679-13684 |
VBN |
denotes |
shown |
T10776 |
13685-13687 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10777 |
13688-13694 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T10778 |
13695-13697 |
CD |
denotes |
9B |
T10779 |
13697-13698 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10780 |
13698-14002 |
sentence |
denotes |
We speculate that a diffusible signal from dorsal trunk ectoderm, at or prior to E11.5, promotes expression of Tbx15 in dorsal trunk mesenchyme, which then establishes dorsal positional identity of those cells as manifested by differences in Agouti expression, pigment-cell development, and hair growth. |
T10781 |
13699-13701 |
PRP |
denotes |
We |
T10782 |
13702-13711 |
VBP |
denotes |
speculate |
T10783 |
13712-13716 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T10784 |
13787-13795 |
VBZ |
denotes |
promotes |
T10785 |
13717-13718 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10786 |
13730-13736 |
NN |
denotes |
signal |
T10787 |
13719-13729 |
JJ |
denotes |
diffusible |
T10788 |
13737-13741 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T10789 |
13742-13748 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10790 |
13755-13763 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T10791 |
13749-13754 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10792 |
13763-13765 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10793 |
13765-13767 |
IN |
denotes |
at |
T10794 |
13768-13770 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T10795 |
13771-13776 |
RB |
denotes |
prior |
T10796 |
13780-13785 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T10797 |
13777-13779 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10798 |
13785-13787 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10799 |
13796-13806 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10800 |
13807-13809 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10801 |
13810-13815 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10802 |
13816-13818 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10803 |
13819-13825 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10804 |
13832-13842 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T10805 |
13826-13831 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10806 |
13842-13844 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10807 |
13844-13849 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T10808 |
13855-13866 |
VBZ |
denotes |
establishes |
T10809 |
13850-13854 |
RB |
denotes |
then |
T10810 |
13867-13873 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10811 |
13885-13893 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T10812 |
13874-13884 |
JJ |
denotes |
positional |
T10813 |
13894-13896 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10814 |
13897-13902 |
DT |
denotes |
those |
T10815 |
13903-13908 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T10816 |
13909-13911 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T10817 |
13912-13922 |
VBN |
denotes |
manifested |
T10818 |
13923-13925 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T10819 |
13926-13937 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T10820 |
13938-13940 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10821 |
13941-13947 |
NN |
denotes |
Agouti |
T10822 |
13948-13958 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10823 |
13958-13960 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10824 |
13960-13967 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T10825 |
13968-13972 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T10826 |
13967-13968 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T10827 |
13973-13984 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T10828 |
13984-13986 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10829 |
13986-13989 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10830 |
13990-13994 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T10831 |
13995-14001 |
NN |
denotes |
growth |
T10832 |
14001-14002 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10833 |
14002-14348 |
sentence |
denotes |
Because the ventral limit of Tbx15 expression corresponds to the dorsal limit of En1 expression and because the normal position of the pigmentation boundary lies approximately in register with the limb-bud outgrowths, we depict the position of a putative dorsoventral boundary in trunk ectoderm as coincident with the limb dorsoventral boundary. |
T10834 |
14003-14010 |
IN |
denotes |
Because |
T10835 |
14049-14060 |
VBZ |
denotes |
corresponds |
T10836 |
14011-14014 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10837 |
14023-14028 |
NN |
denotes |
limit |
T10838 |
14015-14022 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T10839 |
14029-14031 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10840 |
14032-14037 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10841 |
14038-14048 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10842 |
14224-14230 |
VBP |
denotes |
depict |
T10843 |
14061-14063 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T10844 |
14064-14067 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10845 |
14075-14080 |
NN |
denotes |
limit |
T10846 |
14068-14074 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10847 |
14081-14083 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10848 |
14084-14087 |
NN |
denotes |
En1 |
T10849 |
14088-14098 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10850 |
14099-14102 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10851 |
14103-14110 |
IN |
denotes |
because |
T10852 |
14160-14164 |
VBZ |
denotes |
lies |
T10853 |
14111-14114 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10854 |
14122-14130 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T10855 |
14115-14121 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T10856 |
14131-14133 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10857 |
14134-14137 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10858 |
14151-14159 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T10859 |
14138-14150 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T10860 |
14165-14178 |
RB |
denotes |
approximately |
T10861 |
14179-14181 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10862 |
14182-14190 |
NN |
denotes |
register |
T10863 |
14191-14195 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T10864 |
14196-14199 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10865 |
14209-14219 |
NNS |
denotes |
outgrowths |
T10866 |
14200-14204 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10867 |
14205-14208 |
NN |
denotes |
bud |
T10868 |
14204-14205 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T10869 |
14219-14221 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10870 |
14221-14223 |
PRP |
denotes |
we |
T10871 |
14231-14234 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10872 |
14235-14243 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T10873 |
14244-14246 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10874 |
14247-14248 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T10875 |
14271-14279 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T10876 |
14249-14257 |
JJ |
denotes |
putative |
T10877 |
14258-14270 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10878 |
14280-14282 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10879 |
14283-14288 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10880 |
14289-14297 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T10881 |
14298-14300 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T10882 |
14301-14311 |
JJ |
denotes |
coincident |
T10883 |
14312-14316 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T10884 |
14317-14320 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10885 |
14339-14347 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T10886 |
14321-14325 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10887 |
14326-14338 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10888 |
14347-14348 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10889 |
14348-14681 |
sentence |
denotes |
This model is consistent with studies in the chick, where distinct dorsal and ventral lineage compartments exist for ectoderm in both the limb (Altabef et al. 1997, 2000; Michaud et al. 1997; Kimmel et al. 2000) and interlimb regions (Altabef et al. 1997, 2000), but not for limb mesoderm (Altabef et al. 1997; Michaud et al. 1997). |
T10890 |
14349-14353 |
DT |
denotes |
This |
T10891 |
14354-14359 |
NN |
denotes |
model |
T10892 |
14360-14362 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T10893 |
14363-14373 |
JJ |
denotes |
consistent |
T10894 |
14374-14378 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T10895 |
14379-14386 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T10896 |
14387-14389 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10897 |
14390-14393 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10898 |
14394-14399 |
NN |
denotes |
chick |
T10899 |
14399-14401 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10900 |
14401-14406 |
WRB |
denotes |
where |
T10901 |
14456-14461 |
VBP |
denotes |
exist |
T10902 |
14407-14415 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinct |
T10903 |
14443-14455 |
NNS |
denotes |
compartments |
T10904 |
14416-14422 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T10905 |
14423-14426 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10906 |
14427-14434 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T10907 |
14435-14442 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T10908 |
14462-14465 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T10909 |
14466-14474 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T10910 |
14475-14477 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10911 |
14478-14482 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T10912 |
14487-14491 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10913 |
14483-14486 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10914 |
14492-14493 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10915 |
14520-14527 |
NNP |
denotes |
Michaud |
T10916 |
14493-14500 |
NN |
denotes |
Altabef |
T10917 |
14501-14503 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10918 |
14504-14507 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10919 |
14508-14512 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10920 |
14512-14514 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10921 |
14514-14518 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T10922 |
14518-14519 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10923 |
14528-14530 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10924 |
14531-14534 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10925 |
14535-14539 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10926 |
14539-14540 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10927 |
14541-14547 |
NNP |
denotes |
Kimmel |
T10928 |
14548-14550 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10929 |
14551-14554 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10930 |
14555-14559 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T10931 |
14559-14560 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10932 |
14561-14564 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10933 |
14565-14574 |
JJ |
denotes |
interlimb |
T10934 |
14575-14582 |
NNS |
denotes |
regions |
T10935 |
14583-14584 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10936 |
14584-14591 |
NNP |
denotes |
Altabef |
T10937 |
14592-14594 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10938 |
14595-14598 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10939 |
14599-14603 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10940 |
14603-14605 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10941 |
14605-14609 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T10942 |
14609-14610 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10943 |
14610-14612 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10944 |
14612-14615 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T10945 |
14620-14623 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T10946 |
14616-14619 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T10947 |
14624-14628 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T10948 |
14629-14637 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T10949 |
14638-14639 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T10950 |
14639-14646 |
NNP |
denotes |
Altabef |
T10951 |
14647-14649 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10952 |
14650-14653 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10953 |
14654-14658 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10954 |
14658-14659 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T10955 |
14660-14667 |
NNP |
denotes |
Michaud |
T10956 |
14668-14670 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T10957 |
14671-14674 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T10958 |
14675-14679 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T10959 |
14679-14680 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T10960 |
14680-14681 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T10961 |
14681-15118 |
sentence |
denotes |
In fact, the same mechanism that determines dorsoventral position of the limbs and the apical ectodermal ridge may also act on expression of Tbx15 in the trunk, since ectopic limbs induced in the interlimb region by application of FGF beads develop along a single line that is coincident with normal limb buds (and the future pigmentation boundary) (Cohn et al. 1995; Crossley et al. 1996; Vogel et al. 1996; Altabef et al. 1997, 2000). |
T10962 |
14682-14684 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T10963 |
14802-14805 |
VB |
denotes |
act |
T10964 |
14685-14689 |
NN |
denotes |
fact |
T10965 |
14689-14691 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10966 |
14691-14694 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10967 |
14700-14709 |
NN |
denotes |
mechanism |
T10968 |
14695-14699 |
JJ |
denotes |
same |
T10969 |
14710-14714 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T10970 |
14715-14725 |
VBZ |
denotes |
determines |
T10971 |
14726-14738 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T10972 |
14739-14747 |
NN |
denotes |
position |
T10973 |
14748-14750 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10974 |
14751-14754 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10975 |
14755-14760 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T10976 |
14761-14764 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T10977 |
14765-14768 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10978 |
14787-14792 |
NN |
denotes |
ridge |
T10979 |
14769-14775 |
JJ |
denotes |
apical |
T10980 |
14776-14786 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectodermal |
T10981 |
14793-14796 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T10982 |
14797-14801 |
RB |
denotes |
also |
T10983 |
14806-14808 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T10984 |
14809-14819 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T10985 |
14820-14822 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T10986 |
14823-14828 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T10987 |
14829-14831 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10988 |
14832-14835 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10989 |
14836-14841 |
NN |
denotes |
trunk |
T10990 |
14841-14843 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T10991 |
14843-14848 |
IN |
denotes |
since |
T10992 |
14923-14930 |
VBP |
denotes |
develop |
T10993 |
14849-14856 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectopic |
T10994 |
14857-14862 |
NNS |
denotes |
limbs |
T10995 |
14863-14870 |
VBN |
denotes |
induced |
T10996 |
14871-14873 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T10997 |
14874-14877 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T10998 |
14888-14894 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T10999 |
14878-14887 |
JJ |
denotes |
interlimb |
T11000 |
14895-14897 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T11001 |
14898-14909 |
NN |
denotes |
application |
T11002 |
14910-14912 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11003 |
14913-14916 |
NN |
denotes |
FGF |
T11004 |
14917-14922 |
NNS |
denotes |
beads |
T11005 |
14931-14936 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T11006 |
14937-14938 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11007 |
14946-14950 |
NN |
denotes |
line |
T11008 |
14939-14945 |
JJ |
denotes |
single |
T11009 |
14951-14955 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11010 |
14956-14958 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11011 |
14959-14969 |
JJ |
denotes |
coincident |
T11012 |
14970-14974 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T11013 |
14975-14981 |
JJ |
denotes |
normal |
T11014 |
14987-14991 |
NNS |
denotes |
buds |
T11015 |
14982-14986 |
NN |
denotes |
limb |
T11016 |
14992-14993 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T11017 |
14993-14996 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11018 |
14997-15000 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11019 |
15021-15029 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T11020 |
15001-15007 |
JJ |
denotes |
future |
T11021 |
15008-15020 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11022 |
15029-15030 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T11023 |
15031-15032 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T11024 |
15032-15036 |
NNP |
denotes |
Cohn |
T11025 |
15037-15039 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11026 |
15040-15043 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11027 |
15044-15048 |
CD |
denotes |
1995 |
T11028 |
15048-15049 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11029 |
15050-15058 |
NNP |
denotes |
Crossley |
T11030 |
15059-15061 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11031 |
15062-15065 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11032 |
15066-15070 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T11033 |
15070-15071 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11034 |
15072-15077 |
NNP |
denotes |
Vogel |
T11035 |
15078-15080 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11036 |
15081-15084 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11037 |
15085-15089 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T11038 |
15089-15090 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11039 |
15091-15098 |
NNP |
denotes |
Altabef |
T11040 |
15099-15101 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11041 |
15102-15105 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11042 |
15106-15110 |
CD |
denotes |
1997 |
T11043 |
15110-15112 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11044 |
15112-15116 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T11045 |
15116-15117 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T11046 |
15117-15118 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11047 |
15118-15302 |
sentence |
denotes |
Our model predicts that ectopic expression of Tbx15 in ventral mesenchyme should give rise to a dorsalized pigmentation phenotype and could be tested with gain-of-function approaches. |
T11048 |
15119-15122 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
Our |
T11049 |
15123-15128 |
NN |
denotes |
model |
T11050 |
15129-15137 |
VBZ |
denotes |
predicts |
T11051 |
15138-15142 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T11052 |
15200-15204 |
VB |
denotes |
give |
T11053 |
15143-15150 |
JJ |
denotes |
ectopic |
T11054 |
15151-15161 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T11055 |
15162-15164 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11056 |
15165-15170 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11057 |
15171-15173 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11058 |
15174-15181 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T11059 |
15182-15192 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T11060 |
15193-15199 |
MD |
denotes |
should |
T11061 |
15205-15209 |
NN |
denotes |
rise |
T11062 |
15210-15212 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11063 |
15213-15214 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11064 |
15239-15248 |
NN |
denotes |
phenotype |
T11065 |
15215-15225 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsalized |
T11066 |
15226-15238 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11067 |
15249-15252 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11068 |
15253-15258 |
MD |
denotes |
could |
T11069 |
15262-15268 |
VBN |
denotes |
tested |
T11070 |
15259-15261 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T11071 |
15269-15273 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T11072 |
15274-15278 |
NN |
denotes |
gain |
T11073 |
15291-15301 |
NNS |
denotes |
approaches |
T11074 |
15278-15279 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11075 |
15279-15281 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11076 |
15281-15282 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11077 |
15282-15290 |
NN |
denotes |
function |
T11078 |
15301-15302 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11079 |
15302-15407 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, Tbx15 expression is very dynamic and is restricted to dorsal mesoderm only from E11.5 to E13.5. |
T11080 |
15303-15310 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T11081 |
15329-15331 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11082 |
15310-15312 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11083 |
15312-15317 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11084 |
15318-15328 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T11085 |
15332-15336 |
RB |
denotes |
very |
T11086 |
15337-15344 |
JJ |
denotes |
dynamic |
T11087 |
15345-15348 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11088 |
15349-15351 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11089 |
15352-15362 |
VBN |
denotes |
restricted |
T11090 |
15363-15365 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11091 |
15366-15372 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T11092 |
15373-15381 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T11093 |
15382-15386 |
RB |
denotes |
only |
T11094 |
15387-15391 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T11095 |
15392-15397 |
NN |
denotes |
E11.5 |
T11096 |
15398-15400 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11097 |
15401-15406 |
NN |
denotes |
E13.5 |
T11098 |
15406-15407 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11099 |
15407-15671 |
sentence |
denotes |
It is possible that Tbx15 influences skin patterning in a very narrow window of development; alternatively, establishment of dorsal identity by Tbx15 may require another as-yet-unidentified factor that is only present in the mesenchyme underlying dorsal ectoderm. |
T11100 |
15408-15410 |
PRP |
denotes |
It |
T11101 |
15411-15413 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11102 |
15562-15569 |
VB |
denotes |
require |
T11103 |
15414-15422 |
JJ |
denotes |
possible |
T11104 |
15423-15427 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T11105 |
15434-15444 |
VBZ |
denotes |
influences |
T11106 |
15428-15433 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11107 |
15445-15449 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T11108 |
15450-15460 |
NN |
denotes |
patterning |
T11109 |
15461-15463 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11110 |
15464-15465 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11111 |
15478-15484 |
NN |
denotes |
window |
T11112 |
15466-15470 |
RB |
denotes |
very |
T11113 |
15471-15477 |
JJ |
denotes |
narrow |
T11114 |
15485-15487 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11115 |
15488-15499 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T11116 |
15499-15500 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11117 |
15501-15514 |
RB |
denotes |
alternatively |
T11118 |
15514-15516 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11119 |
15516-15529 |
NN |
denotes |
establishment |
T11120 |
15530-15532 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11121 |
15533-15539 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T11122 |
15540-15548 |
NN |
denotes |
identity |
T11123 |
15549-15551 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T11124 |
15552-15557 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11125 |
15558-15561 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T11126 |
15570-15577 |
DT |
denotes |
another |
T11127 |
15598-15604 |
NN |
denotes |
factor |
T11128 |
15578-15580 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T11129 |
15581-15584 |
RB |
denotes |
yet |
T11130 |
15580-15581 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11131 |
15585-15597 |
JJ |
denotes |
unidentified |
T11132 |
15584-15585 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11133 |
15605-15609 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11134 |
15610-15612 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11135 |
15613-15617 |
RB |
denotes |
only |
T11136 |
15618-15625 |
JJ |
denotes |
present |
T11137 |
15626-15628 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11138 |
15629-15632 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11139 |
15633-15643 |
NN |
denotes |
mesenchyme |
T11140 |
15644-15654 |
VBG |
denotes |
underlying |
T11141 |
15655-15661 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T11142 |
15662-15670 |
NN |
denotes |
ectoderm |
T11143 |
15670-15671 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11305 |
15673-15685 |
NN |
denotes |
Pigmentation |
T11306 |
15686-15694 |
NNS |
denotes |
Patterns |
T11307 |
15695-15698 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11308 |
15699-15704 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11309 |
15705-15707 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11310 |
15708-15713 |
JJ |
denotes |
Other |
T11311 |
15714-15721 |
NNS |
denotes |
Mammals |
T11312 |
15721-16094 |
sentence |
denotes |
The lateral somitic frontier, defined as the lineage boundary between somite-derived versus lateral plate-derived mesoderm, is established during somitogenesis early in development (Mauger 1972; Christ et al. 1983; Olivera-Martinez et al. 2000; Nowicki et al. 2003), but remains distinct in postnatal animals despite the potential for extensive cell mixing (see Figure 8). |
T11313 |
15722-15725 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T11314 |
15742-15750 |
NN |
denotes |
frontier |
T11315 |
15726-15733 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T11316 |
15734-15741 |
JJ |
denotes |
somitic |
T11317 |
15849-15860 |
VBN |
denotes |
established |
T11318 |
15750-15752 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11319 |
15752-15759 |
VBN |
denotes |
defined |
T11320 |
15760-15762 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T11321 |
15763-15766 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11322 |
15775-15783 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T11323 |
15767-15774 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T11324 |
15784-15791 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T11325 |
15792-15798 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T11326 |
15799-15806 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T11327 |
15798-15799 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11328 |
15836-15844 |
NN |
denotes |
mesoderm |
T11329 |
15807-15813 |
CC |
denotes |
versus |
T11330 |
15814-15821 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T11331 |
15822-15827 |
NN |
denotes |
plate |
T11332 |
15828-15835 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T11333 |
15827-15828 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11334 |
15844-15846 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11335 |
15846-15848 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11336 |
15861-15867 |
IN |
denotes |
during |
T11337 |
15868-15881 |
NN |
denotes |
somitogenesis |
T11338 |
15882-15887 |
RB |
denotes |
early |
T11339 |
15888-15890 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11340 |
15891-15902 |
NN |
denotes |
development |
T11341 |
15903-15904 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T11342 |
15904-15910 |
NNP |
denotes |
Mauger |
T11343 |
15911-15915 |
CD |
denotes |
1972 |
T11344 |
15915-15916 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11345 |
15917-15923 |
NNP |
denotes |
Christ |
T11346 |
15924-15926 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11347 |
15927-15930 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11348 |
15931-15935 |
CD |
denotes |
1983 |
T11349 |
15935-15936 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11350 |
15937-15944 |
NNP |
denotes |
Olivera |
T11351 |
15944-15945 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11352 |
15945-15953 |
NNP |
denotes |
Martinez |
T11353 |
15954-15956 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11354 |
15957-15960 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11355 |
15961-15965 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T11356 |
15965-15966 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11357 |
15967-15974 |
NNP |
denotes |
Nowicki |
T11358 |
15975-15977 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11359 |
15978-15981 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11360 |
15982-15986 |
CD |
denotes |
2003 |
T11361 |
15986-15987 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T11362 |
15987-15989 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11363 |
15989-15992 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T11364 |
15993-16000 |
VBZ |
denotes |
remains |
T11365 |
16001-16009 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinct |
T11366 |
16010-16012 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11367 |
16013-16022 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T11368 |
16023-16030 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T11369 |
16031-16038 |
IN |
denotes |
despite |
T11370 |
16039-16042 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11371 |
16043-16052 |
NN |
denotes |
potential |
T11372 |
16053-16056 |
IN |
denotes |
for |
T11373 |
16057-16066 |
JJ |
denotes |
extensive |
T11374 |
16072-16078 |
NN |
denotes |
mixing |
T11375 |
16067-16071 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T11376 |
16079-16080 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T11377 |
16080-16083 |
VB |
denotes |
see |
T11378 |
16084-16090 |
NN |
denotes |
Figure |
T11379 |
16091-16092 |
CD |
denotes |
8 |
T11380 |
16092-16093 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T11381 |
16093-16094 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11382 |
16094-16306 |
sentence |
denotes |
However, our transplantation and fate-mapping studies demonstrate that the lateral somitic frontier lies dorsal to the pigmentation boundary and does not obviously correlate with a difference in skin morphology. |
T11383 |
16095-16102 |
RB |
denotes |
However |
T11384 |
16149-16160 |
VBP |
denotes |
demonstrate |
T11385 |
16102-16104 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11386 |
16104-16107 |
PRP$ |
denotes |
our |
T11387 |
16141-16148 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T11388 |
16108-16123 |
NN |
denotes |
transplantation |
T11389 |
16124-16127 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11390 |
16128-16132 |
NN |
denotes |
fate |
T11391 |
16132-16133 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11392 |
16133-16140 |
VBG |
denotes |
mapping |
T11393 |
16161-16165 |
IN |
denotes |
that |
T11394 |
16195-16199 |
VBZ |
denotes |
lies |
T11395 |
16166-16169 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11396 |
16186-16194 |
NN |
denotes |
frontier |
T11397 |
16170-16177 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T11398 |
16178-16185 |
JJ |
denotes |
somitic |
T11399 |
16200-16206 |
RB |
denotes |
dorsal |
T11400 |
16207-16209 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11401 |
16210-16213 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11402 |
16227-16235 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T11403 |
16214-16226 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11404 |
16236-16239 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11405 |
16240-16244 |
VBZ |
denotes |
does |
T11406 |
16259-16268 |
VB |
denotes |
correlate |
T11407 |
16245-16248 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T11408 |
16249-16258 |
RB |
denotes |
obviously |
T11409 |
16269-16273 |
IN |
denotes |
with |
T11410 |
16274-16275 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11411 |
16276-16286 |
NN |
denotes |
difference |
T11412 |
16287-16289 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11413 |
16290-16294 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T11414 |
16295-16305 |
NN |
denotes |
morphology |
T11415 |
16305-16306 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11416 |
16306-16576 |
sentence |
denotes |
An additional dorsoventral domain that is not externally apparent has emerged from studies of Msx1, whose expression marks a subgroup of somite-derived mesenchymal cells that contribute to dermis in a narrow stripe along the paraspinal region (Houzelstein et al. 2000). |
T11417 |
16307-16309 |
DT |
denotes |
An |
T11418 |
16334-16340 |
NN |
denotes |
domain |
T11419 |
16310-16320 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T11420 |
16321-16333 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T11421 |
16377-16384 |
VBN |
denotes |
emerged |
T11422 |
16341-16345 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11423 |
16346-16348 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11424 |
16349-16352 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T11425 |
16353-16363 |
RB |
denotes |
externally |
T11426 |
16364-16372 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T11427 |
16373-16376 |
VBZ |
denotes |
has |
T11428 |
16385-16389 |
IN |
denotes |
from |
T11429 |
16390-16397 |
NNS |
denotes |
studies |
T11430 |
16398-16400 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11431 |
16401-16405 |
NN |
denotes |
Msx1 |
T11432 |
16405-16407 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11433 |
16407-16412 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T11434 |
16413-16423 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T11435 |
16424-16429 |
VBZ |
denotes |
marks |
T11436 |
16430-16431 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11437 |
16432-16440 |
NN |
denotes |
subgroup |
T11438 |
16441-16443 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11439 |
16444-16450 |
NN |
denotes |
somite |
T11440 |
16451-16458 |
VBN |
denotes |
derived |
T11441 |
16450-16451 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11442 |
16471-16476 |
NNS |
denotes |
cells |
T11443 |
16459-16470 |
JJ |
denotes |
mesenchymal |
T11444 |
16477-16481 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11445 |
16482-16492 |
VBP |
denotes |
contribute |
T11446 |
16493-16495 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11447 |
16496-16502 |
NN |
denotes |
dermis |
T11448 |
16503-16505 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11449 |
16506-16507 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11450 |
16515-16521 |
NN |
denotes |
stripe |
T11451 |
16508-16514 |
JJ |
denotes |
narrow |
T11452 |
16522-16527 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T11453 |
16528-16531 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11454 |
16543-16549 |
NN |
denotes |
region |
T11455 |
16532-16542 |
JJ |
denotes |
paraspinal |
T11456 |
16550-16551 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T11457 |
16551-16562 |
NNP |
denotes |
Houzelstein |
T11458 |
16563-16565 |
FW |
denotes |
et |
T11459 |
16566-16569 |
FW |
denotes |
al. |
T11460 |
16570-16574 |
CD |
denotes |
2000 |
T11461 |
16574-16575 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T11462 |
16575-16576 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11463 |
16576-16815 |
sentence |
denotes |
Thus, there exist at least three distinct boundaries in postnatal mammalian skin that are parallel to the sagittal plane, marked by differences in pigment-type synthesis, differences in cell lineage, and differences in expression of Msx1. |
T11464 |
16577-16581 |
RB |
denotes |
Thus |
T11465 |
16589-16594 |
VBP |
denotes |
exist |
T11466 |
16581-16583 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11467 |
16583-16588 |
EX |
denotes |
there |
T11468 |
16595-16597 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T11469 |
16604-16609 |
CD |
denotes |
three |
T11470 |
16598-16603 |
RBS |
denotes |
least |
T11471 |
16619-16629 |
NNS |
denotes |
boundaries |
T11472 |
16610-16618 |
JJ |
denotes |
distinct |
T11473 |
16630-16632 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11474 |
16633-16642 |
JJ |
denotes |
postnatal |
T11475 |
16653-16657 |
NN |
denotes |
skin |
T11476 |
16643-16652 |
JJ |
denotes |
mammalian |
T11477 |
16658-16662 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11478 |
16663-16666 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T11479 |
16667-16675 |
JJ |
denotes |
parallel |
T11480 |
16676-16678 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11481 |
16679-16682 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11482 |
16692-16697 |
NN |
denotes |
plane |
T11483 |
16683-16691 |
JJ |
denotes |
sagittal |
T11484 |
16697-16699 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11485 |
16699-16705 |
VBN |
denotes |
marked |
T11486 |
16706-16708 |
IN |
denotes |
by |
T11487 |
16709-16720 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T11488 |
16721-16723 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11489 |
16724-16731 |
NN |
denotes |
pigment |
T11490 |
16732-16736 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T11491 |
16731-16732 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11492 |
16737-16746 |
NN |
denotes |
synthesis |
T11493 |
16746-16748 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11494 |
16748-16759 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T11495 |
16760-16762 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11496 |
16763-16767 |
NN |
denotes |
cell |
T11497 |
16768-16775 |
NN |
denotes |
lineage |
T11498 |
16775-16777 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11499 |
16777-16780 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11500 |
16781-16792 |
NNS |
denotes |
differences |
T11501 |
16793-16795 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11502 |
16796-16806 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T11503 |
16807-16809 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11504 |
16810-16814 |
NN |
denotes |
Msx1 |
T11505 |
16814-16815 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11506 |
16815-17003 |
sentence |
denotes |
In rodents, only the pigmentation boundary is evident externally, but many mammals have more complicated patterns of hair type, length, and/or color that vary along the dorsoventral axis. |
T11507 |
16816-16818 |
IN |
denotes |
In |
T11508 |
16859-16861 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11509 |
16819-16826 |
NNS |
denotes |
rodents |
T11510 |
16826-16828 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11511 |
16828-16832 |
RB |
denotes |
only |
T11512 |
16850-16858 |
NN |
denotes |
boundary |
T11513 |
16833-16836 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11514 |
16837-16849 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11515 |
16862-16869 |
JJ |
denotes |
evident |
T11516 |
16870-16880 |
RB |
denotes |
externally |
T11517 |
16880-16882 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11518 |
16882-16885 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T11519 |
16886-16890 |
JJ |
denotes |
many |
T11520 |
16891-16898 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T11521 |
16899-16903 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T11522 |
16904-16908 |
RBR |
denotes |
more |
T11523 |
16909-16920 |
JJ |
denotes |
complicated |
T11524 |
16921-16929 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T11525 |
16930-16932 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11526 |
16933-16937 |
NN |
denotes |
hair |
T11527 |
16938-16942 |
NN |
denotes |
type |
T11528 |
16942-16944 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11529 |
16944-16950 |
NN |
denotes |
length |
T11530 |
16950-16952 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11531 |
16952-16955 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11532 |
16955-16956 |
HYPH |
denotes |
/ |
T11533 |
16956-16958 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T11534 |
16959-16964 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T11535 |
16965-16969 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11536 |
16970-16974 |
VBP |
denotes |
vary |
T11537 |
16975-16980 |
IN |
denotes |
along |
T11538 |
16981-16984 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11539 |
16998-17002 |
NN |
denotes |
axis |
T11540 |
16985-16997 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T11541 |
17002-17003 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11542 |
17003-17267 |
sentence |
denotes |
Raccoons, squirrels, skunks, and many different ungulates exhibit lateral stripes whose developmental origins have not been investigated, but may correspond to the lateral somitic frontier, the paraspinal Msx1 compartment, or an interaction between these domains. |
T11543 |
17004-17012 |
NNS |
denotes |
Raccoons |
T11544 |
17062-17069 |
VBP |
denotes |
exhibit |
T11545 |
17012-17014 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11546 |
17014-17023 |
NNS |
denotes |
squirrels |
T11547 |
17023-17025 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11548 |
17025-17031 |
NNS |
denotes |
skunks |
T11549 |
17031-17033 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11550 |
17033-17036 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11551 |
17037-17041 |
JJ |
denotes |
many |
T11552 |
17052-17061 |
NNS |
denotes |
ungulates |
T11553 |
17042-17051 |
JJ |
denotes |
different |
T11554 |
17070-17077 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T11555 |
17078-17085 |
NNS |
denotes |
stripes |
T11556 |
17086-17091 |
WP$ |
denotes |
whose |
T11557 |
17106-17113 |
NNS |
denotes |
origins |
T11558 |
17092-17105 |
JJ |
denotes |
developmental |
T11559 |
17128-17140 |
VBN |
denotes |
investigated |
T11560 |
17114-17118 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T11561 |
17119-17122 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T11562 |
17123-17127 |
VBN |
denotes |
been |
T11563 |
17140-17142 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11564 |
17142-17145 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T11565 |
17146-17149 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T11566 |
17150-17160 |
VB |
denotes |
correspond |
T11567 |
17161-17163 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11568 |
17164-17167 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11569 |
17184-17192 |
NN |
denotes |
frontier |
T11570 |
17168-17175 |
JJ |
denotes |
lateral |
T11571 |
17176-17183 |
JJ |
denotes |
somitic |
T11572 |
17192-17194 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11573 |
17194-17197 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11574 |
17214-17225 |
NN |
denotes |
compartment |
T11575 |
17198-17208 |
JJ |
denotes |
paraspinal |
T11576 |
17209-17213 |
NN |
denotes |
Msx1 |
T11577 |
17225-17227 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11578 |
17227-17229 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T11579 |
17230-17232 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T11580 |
17233-17244 |
NN |
denotes |
interaction |
T11581 |
17245-17252 |
IN |
denotes |
between |
T11582 |
17253-17258 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T11583 |
17259-17266 |
NNS |
denotes |
domains |
T11584 |
17266-17267 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11585 |
17267-17419 |
sentence |
denotes |
The effect of Tbx15 on pigmentation in laboratory mice is reminiscent of coat-color patterns in both selected and natural populations of other mammals. |
T11586 |
17268-17271 |
DT |
denotes |
The |
T11587 |
17272-17278 |
NN |
denotes |
effect |
T11588 |
17323-17325 |
VBZ |
denotes |
is |
T11589 |
17279-17281 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11590 |
17282-17287 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11591 |
17288-17290 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T11592 |
17291-17303 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11593 |
17304-17306 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11594 |
17307-17317 |
NN |
denotes |
laboratory |
T11595 |
17318-17322 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T11596 |
17326-17337 |
JJ |
denotes |
reminiscent |
T11597 |
17338-17340 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11598 |
17341-17345 |
NN |
denotes |
coat |
T11599 |
17346-17351 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T11600 |
17345-17346 |
HYPH |
denotes |
- |
T11601 |
17352-17360 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T11602 |
17361-17363 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11603 |
17364-17368 |
CC |
denotes |
both |
T11604 |
17369-17377 |
JJ |
denotes |
selected |
T11605 |
17390-17401 |
NNS |
denotes |
populations |
T11606 |
17378-17381 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11607 |
17382-17389 |
JJ |
denotes |
natural |
T11608 |
17402-17404 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11609 |
17405-17410 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T11610 |
17411-17418 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T11611 |
17418-17419 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11612 |
17419-17723 |
sentence |
denotes |
Saddle markings are common in some dog breeds, such as German shepherds, and in certain populations of Peromyscus polionotus, in which a dorsal extension of ventral depigmentation provides an adaptive advantage to subspecies that live on white sand reefs (Blair 1951; Kaufman 1974; Belk and Smith 1996). |
T11613 |
17420-17426 |
NN |
denotes |
Saddle |
T11614 |
17427-17435 |
NNS |
denotes |
markings |
T11615 |
17436-17439 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T11616 |
17440-17446 |
JJ |
denotes |
common |
T11617 |
17447-17449 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11618 |
17450-17454 |
DT |
denotes |
some |
T11619 |
17459-17465 |
NNS |
denotes |
breeds |
T11620 |
17455-17458 |
NN |
denotes |
dog |
T11621 |
17465-17467 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11622 |
17467-17471 |
JJ |
denotes |
such |
T11623 |
17472-17474 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T11624 |
17475-17481 |
NNP |
denotes |
German |
T11625 |
17482-17491 |
NNS |
denotes |
shepherds |
T11626 |
17491-17493 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11627 |
17493-17496 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11628 |
17497-17499 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11629 |
17500-17507 |
JJ |
denotes |
certain |
T11630 |
17508-17519 |
NNS |
denotes |
populations |
T11631 |
17520-17522 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11632 |
17523-17533 |
NNP |
denotes |
Peromyscus |
T11633 |
17534-17544 |
NNP |
denotes |
polionotus |
T11634 |
17544-17546 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11635 |
17546-17548 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11636 |
17600-17608 |
VBZ |
denotes |
provides |
T11637 |
17549-17554 |
WDT |
denotes |
which |
T11638 |
17555-17556 |
DT |
denotes |
a |
T11639 |
17564-17573 |
NN |
denotes |
extension |
T11640 |
17557-17563 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsal |
T11641 |
17574-17576 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11642 |
17577-17584 |
JJ |
denotes |
ventral |
T11643 |
17585-17599 |
NN |
denotes |
depigmentation |
T11644 |
17609-17611 |
DT |
denotes |
an |
T11645 |
17621-17630 |
NN |
denotes |
advantage |
T11646 |
17612-17620 |
JJ |
denotes |
adaptive |
T11647 |
17631-17633 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11648 |
17634-17644 |
NNS |
denotes |
subspecies |
T11649 |
17645-17649 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11650 |
17650-17654 |
VBP |
denotes |
live |
T11651 |
17655-17657 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T11652 |
17658-17663 |
JJ |
denotes |
white |
T11653 |
17669-17674 |
NNS |
denotes |
reefs |
T11654 |
17664-17668 |
NN |
denotes |
sand |
T11655 |
17675-17676 |
-LRB- |
denotes |
( |
T11656 |
17676-17681 |
NNP |
denotes |
Blair |
T11657 |
17682-17686 |
CD |
denotes |
1951 |
T11658 |
17686-17687 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11659 |
17688-17695 |
NNP |
denotes |
Kaufman |
T11660 |
17696-17700 |
CD |
denotes |
1974 |
T11661 |
17700-17701 |
: |
denotes |
; |
T11662 |
17702-17706 |
NNP |
denotes |
Belk |
T11663 |
17707-17710 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11664 |
17711-17716 |
NNP |
denotes |
Smith |
T11665 |
17717-17721 |
CD |
denotes |
1996 |
T11666 |
17721-17722 |
-RRB- |
denotes |
) |
T11667 |
17722-17723 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11668 |
17723-17947 |
sentence |
denotes |
Neither German shepherds nor deer mice have craniofacial characteristics similar to the deH mutation, but the pigmentation patterns in these animals could represent alterations in the regulation or action of Tbx15 activity. |
T11669 |
17724-17731 |
CC |
denotes |
Neither |
T11670 |
17739-17748 |
NNS |
denotes |
shepherds |
T11671 |
17732-17738 |
NNP |
denotes |
German |
T11672 |
17763-17767 |
VBP |
denotes |
have |
T11673 |
17749-17752 |
CC |
denotes |
nor |
T11674 |
17753-17757 |
NN |
denotes |
deer |
T11675 |
17758-17762 |
NNS |
denotes |
mice |
T11676 |
17768-17780 |
JJ |
denotes |
craniofacial |
T11677 |
17781-17796 |
NNS |
denotes |
characteristics |
T11678 |
17797-17804 |
JJ |
denotes |
similar |
T11679 |
17805-17807 |
IN |
denotes |
to |
T11680 |
17808-17811 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11681 |
17816-17824 |
NN |
denotes |
mutation |
T11682 |
17812-17815 |
NN |
denotes |
deH |
T11683 |
17824-17826 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11684 |
17826-17829 |
CC |
denotes |
but |
T11685 |
17830-17833 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11686 |
17847-17855 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T11687 |
17834-17846 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11688 |
17879-17888 |
VB |
denotes |
represent |
T11689 |
17856-17858 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11690 |
17859-17864 |
DT |
denotes |
these |
T11691 |
17865-17872 |
NNS |
denotes |
animals |
T11692 |
17873-17878 |
MD |
denotes |
could |
T11693 |
17889-17900 |
NNS |
denotes |
alterations |
T11694 |
17901-17903 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11695 |
17904-17907 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11696 |
17908-17918 |
NN |
denotes |
regulation |
T11697 |
17919-17921 |
CC |
denotes |
or |
T11698 |
17922-17928 |
NN |
denotes |
action |
T11699 |
17929-17931 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11700 |
17932-17937 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11701 |
17938-17946 |
NN |
denotes |
activity |
T11702 |
17946-17947 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11703 |
17947-18149 |
sentence |
denotes |
From the opposite perspective, the effects of Tbx15 on coat color are only apparent in certain genetic backgrounds and may not be evident at all in mammals that lack dorsoventral pigmentation patterns. |
T11704 |
17948-17952 |
IN |
denotes |
From |
T11705 |
18014-18017 |
VBP |
denotes |
are |
T11706 |
17953-17956 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11707 |
17966-17977 |
NN |
denotes |
perspective |
T11708 |
17957-17965 |
JJ |
denotes |
opposite |
T11709 |
17977-17979 |
, |
denotes |
, |
T11710 |
17979-17982 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11711 |
17983-17990 |
NNS |
denotes |
effects |
T11712 |
17991-17993 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11713 |
17994-17999 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11714 |
18000-18002 |
IN |
denotes |
on |
T11715 |
18003-18007 |
NN |
denotes |
coat |
T11716 |
18008-18013 |
NN |
denotes |
color |
T11717 |
18018-18022 |
RB |
denotes |
only |
T11718 |
18023-18031 |
JJ |
denotes |
apparent |
T11719 |
18032-18034 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11720 |
18035-18042 |
JJ |
denotes |
certain |
T11721 |
18051-18062 |
NNS |
denotes |
backgrounds |
T11722 |
18043-18050 |
JJ |
denotes |
genetic |
T11723 |
18063-18066 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11724 |
18067-18070 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T11725 |
18075-18077 |
VB |
denotes |
be |
T11726 |
18071-18074 |
RB |
denotes |
not |
T11727 |
18078-18085 |
JJ |
denotes |
evident |
T11728 |
18086-18088 |
RB |
denotes |
at |
T11729 |
18089-18092 |
RB |
denotes |
all |
T11730 |
18093-18095 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11731 |
18096-18103 |
NNS |
denotes |
mammals |
T11732 |
18104-18108 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11733 |
18109-18113 |
VBP |
denotes |
lack |
T11734 |
18114-18126 |
JJ |
denotes |
dorsoventral |
T11735 |
18140-18148 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T11736 |
18127-18139 |
NN |
denotes |
pigmentation |
T11737 |
18148-18149 |
. |
denotes |
. |
T11738 |
18149-18320 |
sentence |
denotes |
Studying the sequence and expression of Tbx15 in other vertebrates may provide additional insight into patterns that affect the skeleton as well as the pigmentary system. |
T11739 |
18150-18158 |
VBG |
denotes |
Studying |
T11740 |
18221-18228 |
VB |
denotes |
provide |
T11741 |
18159-18162 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11742 |
18163-18171 |
NN |
denotes |
sequence |
T11743 |
18172-18175 |
CC |
denotes |
and |
T11744 |
18176-18186 |
NN |
denotes |
expression |
T11745 |
18187-18189 |
IN |
denotes |
of |
T11746 |
18190-18195 |
NN |
denotes |
Tbx15 |
T11747 |
18196-18198 |
IN |
denotes |
in |
T11748 |
18199-18204 |
JJ |
denotes |
other |
T11749 |
18205-18216 |
NNS |
denotes |
vertebrates |
T11750 |
18217-18220 |
MD |
denotes |
may |
T11751 |
18229-18239 |
JJ |
denotes |
additional |
T11752 |
18240-18247 |
NN |
denotes |
insight |
T11753 |
18248-18252 |
IN |
denotes |
into |
T11754 |
18253-18261 |
NNS |
denotes |
patterns |
T11755 |
18262-18266 |
WDT |
denotes |
that |
T11756 |
18267-18273 |
VBP |
denotes |
affect |
T11757 |
18274-18277 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11758 |
18278-18286 |
NN |
denotes |
skeleton |
T11759 |
18287-18289 |
RB |
denotes |
as |
T11760 |
18295-18297 |
IN |
denotes |
as |
T11761 |
18290-18294 |
RB |
denotes |
well |
T11762 |
18298-18301 |
DT |
denotes |
the |
T11763 |
18313-18319 |
NN |
denotes |
system |
T11764 |
18302-18312 |
JJ |
denotes |
pigmentary |
T11765 |
18319-18320 |
. |
denotes |
. |
R5210 |
T7563 |
T7564 |
amod |
Several,mutations |
R5211 |
T7564 |
T7565 |
nsubjpass |
mutations,identified |
R5212 |
T7566 |
T7564 |
cc |
and,mutations |
R5213 |
T7567 |
T7564 |
conj |
genes,mutations |
R5214 |
T7568 |
T7565 |
aux |
have,identified |
R5215 |
T7569 |
T7565 |
auxpass |
been,identified |
R5216 |
T7570 |
T7571 |
dep |
that,affect |
R5217 |
T7571 |
T7565 |
ccomp |
affect,identified |
R5218 |
T7572 |
T7573 |
det |
the,pattern |
R5219 |
T7573 |
T7571 |
dobj |
pattern,affect |
R5220 |
T7574 |
T7573 |
prep |
of,pattern |
R5221 |
T7575 |
T7576 |
compound |
hair,follicle |
R5222 |
T7576 |
T7577 |
compound |
follicle,development |
R5223 |
T7577 |
T7574 |
pobj |
development,of |
R5224 |
T7578 |
T7565 |
punct |
", ",identified |
R5225 |
T7579 |
T7565 |
cc |
but,identified |
R5226 |
T7580 |
T7581 |
nsubj |
Tbx15,is |
R5227 |
T7581 |
T7565 |
conj |
is,identified |
R5228 |
T7582 |
T7583 |
det |
the,gene |
R5229 |
T7583 |
T7581 |
attr |
gene,is |
R5230 |
T7584 |
T7583 |
amod |
only,gene |
R5231 |
T7585 |
T7586 |
prep |
of,are |
R5232 |
T7586 |
T7583 |
relcl |
are,gene |
R5233 |
T7587 |
T7585 |
pobj |
which,of |
R5234 |
T7588 |
T7586 |
nsubj |
we,are |
R5235 |
T7589 |
T7586 |
acomp |
aware,are |
R5236 |
T7590 |
T7591 |
dep |
that,affects |
R5237 |
T7591 |
T7583 |
relcl |
affects,gene |
R5238 |
T7592 |
T7593 |
det |
the,pattern |
R5239 |
T7593 |
T7591 |
dobj |
pattern,affects |
R5240 |
T7594 |
T7593 |
prep |
of,pattern |
R5241 |
T7595 |
T7596 |
compound |
hair,pigmentation |
R5242 |
T7596 |
T7594 |
pobj |
pigmentation,of |
R5243 |
T7597 |
T7591 |
prep |
in,affects |
R5244 |
T7598 |
T7599 |
amod |
different,regions |
R5245 |
T7599 |
T7597 |
pobj |
regions,in |
R5246 |
T7600 |
T7599 |
compound |
body,regions |
R5247 |
T7601 |
T7581 |
punct |
.,is |
R5248 |
T7603 |
T7604 |
amod |
Ventral,areas |
R5249 |
T7604 |
T7605 |
nsubjpass |
areas,expanded |
R5250 |
T7606 |
T7607 |
dep |
that,produce |
R5251 |
T7607 |
T7604 |
relcl |
produce,areas |
R5252 |
T7608 |
T7607 |
advmod |
normally,produce |
R5253 |
T7609 |
T7610 |
amod |
yellow,hair |
R5254 |
T7610 |
T7607 |
dobj |
hair,produce |
R5255 |
T7611 |
T7607 |
prep |
in,produce |
R5256 |
T7612 |
T7613 |
det |
the,trunk |
R5257 |
T7613 |
T7611 |
pobj |
trunk,in |
R5258 |
T7614 |
T7613 |
punct |
", ",trunk |
R5259 |
T7615 |
T7613 |
conj |
limbs,trunk |
R5260 |
T7616 |
T7615 |
punct |
", ",limbs |
R5261 |
T7617 |
T7615 |
cc |
and,limbs |
R5262 |
T7618 |
T7619 |
amod |
craniofacial,regions |
R5263 |
T7619 |
T7615 |
conj |
regions,limbs |
R5264 |
T7620 |
T7605 |
auxpass |
are,expanded |
R5265 |
T7621 |
T7605 |
prep |
in,expanded |
R5266 |
T7622 |
T7623 |
nmod |
deH,deH |
R5267 |
T7623 |
T7625 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R5268 |
T7624 |
T7623 |
punct |
/,deH |
R5269 |
T7625 |
T7621 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R5270 |
T7626 |
T7605 |
cc |
and,expanded |
R5271 |
T7627 |
T7605 |
punct |
", ",expanded |
R5272 |
T7628 |
T7629 |
prep |
in,represent |
R5273 |
T7629 |
T7605 |
conj |
represent,expanded |
R5274 |
T7630 |
T7631 |
det |
the,trunk |
R5275 |
T7631 |
T7628 |
pobj |
trunk,in |
R5276 |
T7632 |
T7633 |
advmod |
at,least |
R5277 |
T7633 |
T7629 |
advmod |
least,represent |
R5278 |
T7634 |
T7629 |
punct |
", ",represent |
R5279 |
T7635 |
T7636 |
amod |
inappropriate,expression |
R5280 |
T7636 |
T7629 |
dobj |
expression,represent |
R5281 |
T7637 |
T7636 |
amod |
dorsal,expression |
R5282 |
T7638 |
T7636 |
prep |
of,expression |
R5283 |
T7639 |
T7640 |
det |
an,isoform |
R5284 |
T7640 |
T7638 |
pobj |
isoform,of |
R5285 |
T7641 |
T7640 |
compound |
Agouti,isoform |
R5286 |
T7642 |
T7640 |
compound |
mRNA,isoform |
R5287 |
T7643 |
T7644 |
dep |
that,restricted |
R5288 |
T7644 |
T7640 |
relcl |
restricted,isoform |
R5289 |
T7645 |
T7644 |
auxpass |
is,restricted |
R5290 |
T7646 |
T7644 |
advmod |
normally,restricted |
R5291 |
T7647 |
T7644 |
prep |
to,restricted |
R5292 |
T7648 |
T7649 |
amod |
ventral,skin |
R5293 |
T7649 |
T7647 |
pobj |
skin,to |
R5294 |
T7650 |
T7605 |
punct |
.,expanded |
R5295 |
T7652 |
T7653 |
det |
The,allele |
R5296 |
T7653 |
T7655 |
nsubjpass |
allele,caused |
R5297 |
T7654 |
T7653 |
compound |
deH,allele |
R5298 |
T7656 |
T7655 |
auxpass |
is,caused |
R5299 |
T7657 |
T7655 |
agent |
by,caused |
R5300 |
T7658 |
T7659 |
det |
a,deletion |
R5301 |
T7659 |
T7657 |
pobj |
deletion,by |
R5302 |
T7660 |
T7659 |
amod |
large,deletion |
R5303 |
T7661 |
T7662 |
dep |
that,removes |
R5304 |
T7662 |
T7659 |
relcl |
removes,deletion |
R5305 |
T7663 |
T7662 |
dobj |
most,removes |
R5306 |
T7664 |
T7663 |
prep |
of,most |
R5307 |
T7665 |
T7666 |
det |
the,sequence |
R5308 |
T7666 |
T7664 |
pobj |
sequence,of |
R5309 |
T7667 |
T7666 |
compound |
Tbx15,sequence |
R5310 |
T7668 |
T7666 |
compound |
coding,sequence |
R5311 |
T7669 |
T7655 |
punct |
", ",caused |
R5312 |
T7670 |
T7655 |
cc |
but,caused |
R5313 |
T7671 |
T7672 |
det |
the,phenotype |
R5314 |
T7672 |
T7674 |
nsubjpass |
phenotype,caused |
R5315 |
T7673 |
T7672 |
amod |
pleiotropic,phenotype |
R5316 |
T7674 |
T7655 |
conj |
caused,caused |
R5317 |
T7675 |
T7674 |
auxpass |
is,caused |
R5318 |
T7676 |
T7674 |
agent |
by,caused |
R5319 |
T7677 |
T7678 |
det |
a,loss |
R5320 |
T7678 |
T7676 |
pobj |
loss,by |
R5321 |
T7679 |
T7678 |
amod |
simple,loss |
R5322 |
T7680 |
T7678 |
prep |
of,loss |
R5323 |
T7681 |
T7680 |
pobj |
function,of |
R5324 |
T7682 |
T7678 |
prep |
for,loss |
R5325 |
T7683 |
T7682 |
pobj |
Tbx15,for |
R5326 |
T7684 |
T7685 |
advmod |
rather,than |
R5327 |
T7685 |
T7678 |
cc |
than,loss |
R5328 |
T7686 |
T7687 |
det |
a,effect |
R5329 |
T7687 |
T7678 |
conj |
effect,loss |
R5330 |
T7688 |
T7689 |
amod |
dominant,negative |
R5331 |
T7689 |
T7687 |
amod |
negative,effect |
R5332 |
T7690 |
T7689 |
punct |
-,negative |
R5333 |
T7691 |
T7689 |
cc |
or,negative |
R5334 |
T7692 |
T7689 |
conj |
contiguous,negative |
R5335 |
T7693 |
T7687 |
compound |
gene,effect |
R5336 |
T7694 |
T7674 |
punct |
.,caused |
R5337 |
T7696 |
T7697 |
prep |
In,is |
R5338 |
T7698 |
T7696 |
amod |
particular,In |
R5339 |
T7699 |
T7697 |
punct |
", ",is |
R5340 |
T7700 |
T7697 |
expl |
there,is |
R5341 |
T7701 |
T7702 |
det |
no,phenotype |
R5342 |
T7702 |
T7697 |
attr |
phenotype,is |
R5343 |
T7703 |
T7702 |
amod |
heterozygous,phenotype |
R5344 |
T7704 |
T7697 |
punct |
", ",is |
R5345 |
T7705 |
T7706 |
det |
no,genes |
R5346 |
T7706 |
T7708 |
nsubj |
genes,lie |
R5347 |
T7707 |
T7706 |
amod |
other,genes |
R5348 |
T7708 |
T7697 |
conj |
lie,is |
R5349 |
T7709 |
T7708 |
prep |
within,lie |
R5350 |
T7710 |
T7709 |
cc |
or,within |
R5351 |
T7711 |
T7712 |
advmod |
close,breakpoints |
R5352 |
T7712 |
T7709 |
conj |
breakpoints,within |
R5353 |
T7713 |
T7711 |
prep |
to,close |
R5354 |
T7714 |
T7712 |
det |
the,breakpoints |
R5355 |
T7715 |
T7712 |
compound |
deletion,breakpoints |
R5356 |
T7716 |
T7708 |
punct |
", ",lie |
R5357 |
T7717 |
T7708 |
cc |
and,lie |
R5358 |
T7718 |
T7719 |
det |
the,pattern |
R5359 |
T7719 |
T7721 |
nsubj |
pattern,is |
R5360 |
T7720 |
T7719 |
compound |
expression,pattern |
R5361 |
T7721 |
T7708 |
conj |
is,lie |
R5362 |
T7722 |
T7719 |
prep |
of,pattern |
R5363 |
T7723 |
T7722 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R5364 |
T7724 |
T7721 |
acomp |
consistent,is |
R5365 |
T7725 |
T7724 |
prep |
with,consistent |
R5366 |
T7726 |
T7727 |
det |
the,spectrum |
R5367 |
T7727 |
T7725 |
pobj |
spectrum,with |
R5368 |
T7728 |
T7727 |
prep |
of,spectrum |
R5369 |
T7729 |
T7730 |
amod |
phenotypic,abnormalities |
R5370 |
T7730 |
T7728 |
pobj |
abnormalities,of |
R5371 |
T7731 |
T7721 |
prep |
in,is |
R5372 |
T7732 |
T7733 |
preconj |
both,allele |
R5373 |
T7733 |
T7731 |
pobj |
allele,in |
R5374 |
T7734 |
T7733 |
det |
the,allele |
R5375 |
T7735 |
T7733 |
amod |
original,allele |
R5376 |
T7736 |
T7733 |
compound |
de,allele |
R5377 |
T7737 |
T7733 |
cc |
and,allele |
R5378 |
T7738 |
T7739 |
det |
the,allele |
R5379 |
T7739 |
T7733 |
conj |
allele,allele |
R5380 |
T7740 |
T7739 |
compound |
deH,allele |
R5381 |
T7741 |
T7721 |
punct |
.,is |
R5382 |
T7743 |
T7744 |
advmod |
Finally,has |
R5383 |
T7745 |
T7744 |
punct |
", ",has |
R5384 |
T7746 |
T7747 |
det |
a,allele |
R5385 |
T7747 |
T7744 |
nsubj |
allele,has |
R5386 |
T7748 |
T7747 |
nmod |
Tbx15,allele |
R5387 |
T7749 |
T7747 |
amod |
targeted,allele |
R5388 |
T7750 |
T7751 |
det |
the,phenotype |
R5389 |
T7751 |
T7744 |
dobj |
phenotype,has |
R5390 |
T7752 |
T7751 |
amod |
same,phenotype |
R5391 |
T7753 |
T7751 |
prep |
as,phenotype |
R5392 |
T7754 |
T7753 |
pobj |
deH,as |
R5393 |
T7755 |
T7744 |
punct |
.,has |
R5394 |
T7757 |
T7758 |
poss |
Our,results |
R5395 |
T7758 |
T7759 |
nsubj |
results,suggest |
R5396 |
T7760 |
T7761 |
mark |
that,provides |
R5397 |
T7761 |
T7759 |
ccomp |
provides,suggest |
R5398 |
T7762 |
T7763 |
amod |
patterned,expression |
R5399 |
T7763 |
T7761 |
nsubj |
expression,provides |
R5400 |
T7764 |
T7763 |
prep |
of,expression |
R5401 |
T7765 |
T7764 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R5402 |
T7766 |
T7767 |
det |
an,cue |
R5403 |
T7767 |
T7761 |
dobj |
cue,provides |
R5404 |
T7768 |
T7767 |
amod |
instructional,cue |
R5405 |
T7769 |
T7767 |
acl |
required,cue |
R5406 |
T7770 |
T7771 |
aux |
to,establish |
R5407 |
T7771 |
T7769 |
advcl |
establish,required |
R5408 |
T7772 |
T7773 |
det |
the,identity |
R5409 |
T7773 |
T7771 |
dobj |
identity,establish |
R5410 |
T7774 |
T7773 |
amod |
future,identity |
R5411 |
T7775 |
T7773 |
prep |
of,identity |
R5412 |
T7776 |
T7777 |
amod |
dorsal,dermis |
R5413 |
T7777 |
T7775 |
pobj |
dermis,of |
R5414 |
T7778 |
T7771 |
prep |
with,establish |
R5415 |
T7779 |
T7778 |
pobj |
regard,with |
R5416 |
T7780 |
T7779 |
prep |
to,regard |
R5417 |
T7781 |
T7782 |
amod |
pigmentary,patterning |
R5418 |
T7782 |
T7780 |
pobj |
patterning,to |
R5419 |
T7783 |
T7781 |
cc |
and,pigmentary |
R5420 |
T7784 |
T7785 |
compound |
hair,length |
R5421 |
T7785 |
T7781 |
conj |
length,pigmentary |
R5422 |
T7786 |
T7759 |
punct |
.,suggest |
R5423 |
T7788 |
T7789 |
det |
The,edge |
R5424 |
T7789 |
T7791 |
nsubj |
edge,correspond |
R5425 |
T7790 |
T7789 |
amod |
ventral,edge |
R5426 |
T7792 |
T7789 |
prep |
of,edge |
R5427 |
T7793 |
T7794 |
compound |
Tbx15,expression |
R5428 |
T7794 |
T7792 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R5429 |
T7795 |
T7789 |
prep |
in,edge |
R5430 |
T7796 |
T7797 |
det |
the,flank |
R5431 |
T7797 |
T7795 |
pobj |
flank,in |
R5432 |
T7798 |
T7797 |
amod |
developing,flank |
R5433 |
T7799 |
T7791 |
aux |
does,correspond |
R5434 |
T7800 |
T7791 |
neg |
not,correspond |
R5435 |
T7801 |
T7791 |
prep |
to,correspond |
R5436 |
T7802 |
T7803 |
det |
a,compartment |
R5437 |
T7803 |
T7801 |
pobj |
compartment,to |
R5438 |
T7804 |
T7803 |
amod |
known,compartment |
R5439 |
T7805 |
T7803 |
compound |
lineage,compartment |
R5440 |
T7806 |
T7791 |
punct |
", ",correspond |
R5441 |
T7807 |
T7791 |
cc |
but,correspond |
R5442 |
T7808 |
T7791 |
punct |
", ",correspond |
R5443 |
T7809 |
T7810 |
prep |
like,occurs |
R5444 |
T7810 |
T7791 |
conj |
occurs,correspond |
R5445 |
T7811 |
T7812 |
compound |
limb,development |
R5446 |
T7812 |
T7809 |
pobj |
development,like |
R5447 |
T7813 |
T7810 |
punct |
", ",occurs |
R5448 |
T7814 |
T7810 |
prep |
within,occurs |
R5449 |
T7815 |
T7816 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R5450 |
T7816 |
T7817 |
compound |
plate,mesoderm |
R5451 |
T7817 |
T7814 |
pobj |
mesoderm,within |
R5452 |
T7818 |
T7791 |
punct |
.,correspond |
R5453 |
T7820 |
T7821 |
det |
These,findings |
R5454 |
T7821 |
T7822 |
nsubj |
findings,represent |
R5455 |
T7823 |
T7824 |
det |
a,role |
R5456 |
T7824 |
T7822 |
dobj |
role,represent |
R5457 |
T7825 |
T7824 |
amod |
novel,role |
R5458 |
T7826 |
T7824 |
prep |
for,role |
R5459 |
T7827 |
T7828 |
compound |
T,box |
R5460 |
T7828 |
T7830 |
compound |
box,action |
R5461 |
T7829 |
T7828 |
punct |
-,box |
R5462 |
T7830 |
T7826 |
pobj |
action,for |
R5463 |
T7831 |
T7830 |
compound |
gene,action |
R5464 |
T7832 |
T7824 |
prep |
in,role |
R5465 |
T7833 |
T7834 |
amod |
embryonic,development |
R5466 |
T7834 |
T7832 |
pobj |
development,in |
R5467 |
T7835 |
T7822 |
cc |
and,represent |
R5468 |
T7836 |
T7822 |
conj |
provide,represent |
R5469 |
T7837 |
T7836 |
dobj |
evidence,provide |
R5470 |
T7838 |
T7837 |
prep |
for,evidence |
R5471 |
T7839 |
T7840 |
det |
a,complexity |
R5472 |
T7840 |
T7838 |
pobj |
complexity,for |
R5473 |
T7841 |
T7842 |
advmod |
previously,unappreciated |
R5474 |
T7842 |
T7840 |
amod |
unappreciated,complexity |
R5475 |
T7843 |
T7840 |
prep |
to,complexity |
R5476 |
T7844 |
T7843 |
pobj |
acquisition,to |
R5477 |
T7845 |
T7844 |
prep |
of,acquisition |
R5478 |
T7846 |
T7847 |
amod |
dorsoventral,identity |
R5479 |
T7847 |
T7845 |
pobj |
identity,of |
R5480 |
T7848 |
T7847 |
amod |
positional,identity |
R5481 |
T7849 |
T7844 |
prep |
in,acquisition |
R5482 |
T7850 |
T7851 |
amod |
mammalian,skin |
R5483 |
T7851 |
T7849 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R5484 |
T7852 |
T7822 |
punct |
.,represent |
R5485 |
T7946 |
T7947 |
amod |
Distinct,Regions |
R5486 |
T7947 |
T7949 |
nsubj |
Regions,Represent |
R5487 |
T7948 |
T7947 |
amod |
Morphologic,Regions |
R5488 |
T7950 |
T7951 |
det |
the,Sum |
R5489 |
T7951 |
T7949 |
dobj |
Sum,Represent |
R5490 |
T7952 |
T7951 |
prep |
of,Sum |
R5491 |
T7953 |
T7954 |
amod |
Different,Gradients |
R5492 |
T7954 |
T7952 |
pobj |
Gradients,of |
R5493 |
T7956 |
T7957 |
det |
The,boundary |
R5494 |
T7957 |
T7959 |
nsubj |
boundary,is |
R5495 |
T7958 |
T7957 |
amod |
visual,boundary |
R5496 |
T7960 |
T7957 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R5497 |
T7961 |
T7962 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R5498 |
T7962 |
T7960 |
pobj |
skin,between |
R5499 |
T7963 |
T7961 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R5500 |
T7964 |
T7961 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R5501 |
T7965 |
T7957 |
prep |
in,boundary |
R5502 |
T7966 |
T7967 |
nmod |
at,at |
R5503 |
T7967 |
T7969 |
compound |
at,mice |
R5504 |
T7968 |
T7967 |
punct |
/,at |
R5505 |
T7969 |
T7965 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R5506 |
T7970 |
T7959 |
acomp |
reminiscent,is |
R5507 |
T7971 |
T7970 |
prep |
of,reminiscent |
R5508 |
T7972 |
T7973 |
amod |
other,systems |
R5509 |
T7973 |
T7971 |
pobj |
systems,of |
R5510 |
T7974 |
T7975 |
prep |
in,enforce |
R5511 |
T7975 |
T7973 |
relcl |
enforce,systems |
R5512 |
T7976 |
T7974 |
pobj |
which,in |
R5513 |
T7977 |
T7978 |
amod |
adjacent,compartments |
R5514 |
T7978 |
T7975 |
nsubj |
compartments,enforce |
R5515 |
T7979 |
T7980 |
det |
a,choice |
R5516 |
T7980 |
T7975 |
dobj |
choice,enforce |
R5517 |
T7981 |
T7980 |
amod |
binary,choice |
R5518 |
T7982 |
T7980 |
prep |
between,choice |
R5519 |
T7983 |
T7984 |
amod |
alternative,patterns |
R5520 |
T7984 |
T7982 |
pobj |
patterns,between |
R5521 |
T7985 |
T7984 |
prep |
of,patterns |
R5522 |
T7986 |
T7987 |
compound |
gene,expression |
R5523 |
T7987 |
T7985 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R5524 |
T7988 |
T7987 |
cc |
and,expression |
R5525 |
T7989 |
T7990 |
compound |
cell,fate |
R5526 |
T7990 |
T7987 |
conj |
fate,expression |
R5527 |
T7991 |
T7992 |
punct |
(,reviewed |
R5528 |
T7992 |
T7959 |
parataxis |
reviewed,is |
R5529 |
T7993 |
T7992 |
prep |
in,reviewed |
R5530 |
T7994 |
T7993 |
pobj |
Dahmann,in |
R5531 |
T7995 |
T7994 |
cc |
and,Dahmann |
R5532 |
T7996 |
T7994 |
conj |
Basler,Dahmann |
R5533 |
T7997 |
T7994 |
npadvmod |
1999,Dahmann |
R5534 |
T7998 |
T7992 |
punct |
),reviewed |
R5535 |
T7999 |
T7959 |
punct |
.,is |
R5536 |
T8001 |
T8002 |
advmod |
However,distributed |
R5537 |
T8003 |
T8002 |
punct |
", ",distributed |
R5538 |
T8004 |
T8005 |
compound |
Agouti,mRNA |
R5539 |
T8005 |
T8002 |
nsubjpass |
mRNA,distributed |
R5540 |
T8006 |
T8005 |
prep |
in,mRNA |
R5541 |
T8007 |
T8008 |
preconj |
both,embryonic |
R5542 |
T8008 |
T8009 |
amod |
embryonic,skin |
R5543 |
T8009 |
T8006 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R5544 |
T8010 |
T8008 |
cc |
and,embryonic |
R5545 |
T8011 |
T8008 |
conj |
postnatal,embryonic |
R5546 |
T8012 |
T8002 |
auxpass |
is,distributed |
R5547 |
T8013 |
T8002 |
prep |
along,distributed |
R5548 |
T8014 |
T8015 |
det |
a,gradient |
R5549 |
T8015 |
T8013 |
pobj |
gradient,along |
R5550 |
T8016 |
T8017 |
poss |
whose,boundary |
R5551 |
T8017 |
T8019 |
dep |
boundary,is |
R5552 |
T8018 |
T8017 |
amod |
dorsal,boundary |
R5553 |
T8019 |
T8015 |
relcl |
is,gradient |
R5554 |
T8020 |
T8019 |
acomp |
indistinct,is |
R5555 |
T8021 |
T8019 |
cc |
and,is |
R5556 |
T8022 |
T8019 |
conj |
overlaps,is |
R5557 |
T8023 |
T8022 |
prep |
with,overlaps |
R5558 |
T8024 |
T8025 |
nummod |
two,gradients |
R5559 |
T8025 |
T8023 |
pobj |
gradients,with |
R5560 |
T8026 |
T8025 |
amod |
additional,gradients |
R5561 |
T8027 |
T8025 |
acl |
recognized,gradients |
R5562 |
T8028 |
T8027 |
prep |
by,recognized |
R5563 |
T8029 |
T8030 |
poss |
their,effects |
R5564 |
T8030 |
T8028 |
pobj |
effects,by |
R5565 |
T8031 |
T8030 |
prep |
on,effects |
R5566 |
T8032 |
T8033 |
compound |
hair,length |
R5567 |
T8033 |
T8031 |
pobj |
length,on |
R5568 |
T8034 |
T8033 |
cc |
and,length |
R5569 |
T8035 |
T8036 |
amod |
histochemical,staining |
R5570 |
T8036 |
T8033 |
conj |
staining,length |
R5571 |
T8037 |
T8002 |
prep |
for,distributed |
R5572 |
T8038 |
T8037 |
pobj |
melanocytes,for |
R5573 |
T8039 |
T8002 |
punct |
.,distributed |
R5574 |
T8041 |
T8042 |
det |
The,gradients |
R5575 |
T8042 |
T8044 |
nsubj |
gradients,are |
R5576 |
T8043 |
T8042 |
nummod |
three,gradients |
R5577 |
T8045 |
T8044 |
acomp |
close,are |
R5578 |
T8046 |
T8045 |
cc |
but,close |
R5579 |
T8047 |
T8046 |
neg |
not,but |
R5580 |
T8048 |
T8045 |
conj |
congruent,close |
R5581 |
T8049 |
T8044 |
punct |
", ",are |
R5582 |
T8050 |
T8044 |
cc |
and,are |
R5583 |
T8051 |
T8052 |
nsubj |
it,is |
R5584 |
T8052 |
T8044 |
conj |
is,are |
R5585 |
T8053 |
T8054 |
poss |
their,proximity |
R5586 |
T8054 |
T8052 |
attr |
proximity,is |
R5587 |
T8055 |
T8056 |
dep |
that,gives |
R5588 |
T8056 |
T8052 |
ccomp |
gives,is |
R5589 |
T8057 |
T8056 |
dobj |
rise,gives |
R5590 |
T8058 |
T8056 |
prep |
to,gives |
R5591 |
T8059 |
T8060 |
det |
the,distinction |
R5592 |
T8060 |
T8058 |
pobj |
distinction,to |
R5593 |
T8061 |
T8060 |
amod |
superficial,distinction |
R5594 |
T8062 |
T8060 |
prep |
between,distinction |
R5595 |
T8063 |
T8064 |
amod |
dorsal,skin |
R5596 |
T8064 |
T8062 |
pobj |
skin,between |
R5597 |
T8065 |
T8063 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R5598 |
T8066 |
T8063 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R5599 |
T8067 |
T8064 |
prep |
of,skin |
R5600 |
T8068 |
T8069 |
nmod |
at,at |
R5601 |
T8069 |
T8071 |
compound |
at,mice |
R5602 |
T8070 |
T8069 |
punct |
/,at |
R5603 |
T8071 |
T8067 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R5604 |
T8072 |
T8052 |
punct |
.,is |
R5605 |
T8074 |
T8075 |
advmod |
Indeed,give |
R5606 |
T8076 |
T8075 |
punct |
", ",give |
R5607 |
T8077 |
T8078 |
amod |
slight,differences |
R5608 |
T8078 |
T8075 |
nsubj |
differences,give |
R5609 |
T8079 |
T8078 |
prep |
between,differences |
R5610 |
T8080 |
T8081 |
det |
the,regions |
R5611 |
T8081 |
T8079 |
pobj |
regions,between |
R5612 |
T8082 |
T8081 |
prep |
of,regions |
R5613 |
T8083 |
T8082 |
pobj |
transition,of |
R5614 |
T8084 |
T8081 |
prep |
for,regions |
R5615 |
T8085 |
T8086 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R5616 |
T8086 |
T8088 |
compound |
type,switching |
R5617 |
T8087 |
T8086 |
punct |
-,type |
R5618 |
T8088 |
T8084 |
pobj |
switching,for |
R5619 |
T8089 |
T8088 |
cc |
and,switching |
R5620 |
T8090 |
T8091 |
compound |
pigment,content |
R5621 |
T8091 |
T8088 |
conj |
content,switching |
R5622 |
T8092 |
T8075 |
dobj |
rise,give |
R5623 |
T8093 |
T8075 |
prep |
to,give |
R5624 |
T8094 |
T8095 |
det |
a,stripe |
R5625 |
T8095 |
T8093 |
pobj |
stripe,to |
R5626 |
T8096 |
T8095 |
amod |
subtle,stripe |
R5627 |
T8097 |
T8095 |
amod |
yellow,stripe |
R5628 |
T8098 |
T8095 |
prep |
along,stripe |
R5629 |
T8099 |
T8100 |
det |
the,flank |
R5630 |
T8100 |
T8098 |
pobj |
flank,along |
R5631 |
T8101 |
T8102 |
punct |
(,see |
R5632 |
T8102 |
T8075 |
parataxis |
see,give |
R5633 |
T8103 |
T8104 |
nmod |
Figures,1 |
R5634 |
T8104 |
T8102 |
dobj |
1,see |
R5635 |
T8105 |
T8104 |
punct |
", ",1 |
R5636 |
T8106 |
T8104 |
conj |
2,1 |
R5637 |
T8107 |
T8106 |
punct |
", ",2 |
R5638 |
T8108 |
T8106 |
cc |
and,2 |
R5639 |
T8109 |
T8106 |
conj |
9A,2 |
R5640 |
T8110 |
T8102 |
punct |
),see |
R5641 |
T8111 |
T8075 |
punct |
.,give |
R5642 |
T8113 |
T8114 |
nsubj |
Levels,remain |
R5643 |
T8115 |
T8113 |
prep |
of,Levels |
R5644 |
T8116 |
T8117 |
compound |
Agouti,mRNA |
R5645 |
T8117 |
T8115 |
pobj |
mRNA,of |
R5646 |
T8118 |
T8114 |
oprd |
high,remain |
R5647 |
T8119 |
T8114 |
prep |
throughout,remain |
R5648 |
T8120 |
T8121 |
det |
the,ventrum |
R5649 |
T8121 |
T8119 |
pobj |
ventrum,throughout |
R5650 |
T8122 |
T8121 |
amod |
entire,ventrum |
R5651 |
T8123 |
T8114 |
punct |
", ",remain |
R5652 |
T8124 |
T8114 |
cc |
but,remain |
R5653 |
T8125 |
T8126 |
compound |
hair,content |
R5654 |
T8126 |
T8128 |
nsubjpass |
content,reduced |
R5655 |
T8127 |
T8126 |
compound |
pigment,content |
R5656 |
T8128 |
T8114 |
conj |
reduced,remain |
R5657 |
T8129 |
T8128 |
auxpass |
is,reduced |
R5658 |
T8130 |
T8128 |
punct |
", ",reduced |
R5659 |
T8131 |
T8128 |
advcl |
giving,reduced |
R5660 |
T8132 |
T8131 |
dobj |
rise,giving |
R5661 |
T8133 |
T8131 |
prep |
to,giving |
R5662 |
T8134 |
T8135 |
det |
a,region |
R5663 |
T8135 |
T8133 |
pobj |
region,to |
R5664 |
T8136 |
T8137 |
npadvmod |
cream,colored |
R5665 |
T8137 |
T8135 |
amod |
colored,region |
R5666 |
T8138 |
T8137 |
punct |
-,colored |
R5667 |
T8139 |
T8135 |
prep |
in,region |
R5668 |
T8140 |
T8141 |
det |
the,ventrum |
R5669 |
T8141 |
T8139 |
pobj |
ventrum,in |
R5670 |
T8142 |
T8143 |
dep |
that,appear |
R5671 |
T8143 |
T8135 |
relcl |
appear,region |
R5672 |
T8144 |
T8143 |
punct |
", ",appear |
R5673 |
T8145 |
T8143 |
prep |
depending,appear |
R5674 |
T8146 |
T8145 |
prep |
on,depending |
R5675 |
T8147 |
T8146 |
pobj |
age,on |
R5676 |
T8148 |
T8147 |
cc |
and,age |
R5677 |
T8149 |
T8150 |
amod |
genetic,backgrounds |
R5678 |
T8150 |
T8147 |
conj |
backgrounds,age |
R5679 |
T8151 |
T8143 |
punct |
", ",appear |
R5680 |
T8152 |
T8143 |
aux |
may,appear |
R5681 |
T8153 |
T8154 |
advmod |
more,distinct |
R5682 |
T8154 |
T8143 |
oprd |
distinct,appear |
R5683 |
T8155 |
T8153 |
cc |
or,more |
R5684 |
T8156 |
T8153 |
conj |
less,more |
R5685 |
T8157 |
T8154 |
prep |
from,distinct |
R5686 |
T8158 |
T8159 |
det |
the,stripe |
R5687 |
T8159 |
T8157 |
pobj |
stripe,from |
R5688 |
T8160 |
T8159 |
amod |
yellow,stripe |
R5689 |
T8161 |
T8159 |
compound |
flank,stripe |
R5690 |
T8162 |
T8128 |
punct |
.,reduced |
R5691 |
T8164 |
T8165 |
nsubj |
Loss,affects |
R5692 |
T8165 |
T8168 |
ccomp |
affects,are |
R5693 |
T8166 |
T8164 |
prep |
of,Loss |
R5694 |
T8167 |
T8166 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R5695 |
T8169 |
T8170 |
amod |
dorsoventral,transitions |
R5696 |
T8170 |
T8165 |
dobj |
transitions,affects |
R5697 |
T8171 |
T8170 |
prep |
of,transitions |
R5698 |
T8172 |
T8173 |
compound |
hair,length |
R5699 |
T8173 |
T8171 |
pobj |
length,of |
R5700 |
T8174 |
T8170 |
punct |
", ",transitions |
R5701 |
T8175 |
T8176 |
compound |
pigment,content |
R5702 |
T8176 |
T8170 |
conj |
content,transitions |
R5703 |
T8177 |
T8176 |
punct |
", ",content |
R5704 |
T8178 |
T8176 |
cc |
and,content |
R5705 |
T8179 |
T8176 |
conj |
expression,content |
R5706 |
T8180 |
T8179 |
prep |
of,expression |
R5707 |
T8181 |
T8182 |
det |
the,isoform |
R5708 |
T8182 |
T8180 |
pobj |
isoform,of |
R5709 |
T8183 |
T8184 |
amod |
ventral,specific |
R5710 |
T8184 |
T8182 |
amod |
specific,isoform |
R5711 |
T8185 |
T8184 |
punct |
-,specific |
R5712 |
T8186 |
T8182 |
compound |
Agouti,isoform |
R5713 |
T8187 |
T8168 |
punct |
;,are |
R5714 |
T8188 |
T8168 |
advmod |
however,are |
R5715 |
T8189 |
T8168 |
punct |
", ",are |
R5716 |
T8190 |
T8191 |
det |
the,effects |
R5717 |
T8191 |
T8168 |
nsubj |
effects,are |
R5718 |
T8192 |
T8191 |
amod |
former,effects |
R5719 |
T8193 |
T8191 |
nummod |
two,effects |
R5720 |
T8194 |
T8168 |
acomp |
subtle,are |
R5721 |
T8195 |
T8168 |
cc |
and,are |
R5722 |
T8196 |
T8168 |
conj |
contribute,are |
R5723 |
T8197 |
T8196 |
dobj |
little,contribute |
R5724 |
T8198 |
T8199 |
punct |
", ",all |
R5725 |
T8199 |
T8197 |
parataxis |
all,little |
R5726 |
T8200 |
T8199 |
mark |
if,all |
R5727 |
T8201 |
T8199 |
advmod |
at,all |
R5728 |
T8202 |
T8199 |
punct |
", ",all |
R5729 |
T8203 |
T8196 |
prep |
to,contribute |
R5730 |
T8204 |
T8205 |
det |
the,pigmentation |
R5731 |
T8205 |
T8203 |
pobj |
pigmentation,to |
R5732 |
T8206 |
T8205 |
amod |
abnormal,pigmentation |
R5733 |
T8207 |
T8205 |
prep |
of,pigmentation |
R5734 |
T8208 |
T8209 |
amod |
adult,mice |
R5735 |
T8209 |
T8207 |
pobj |
mice,of |
R5736 |
T8210 |
T8211 |
nmod |
deH,deH |
R5737 |
T8211 |
T8209 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R5738 |
T8212 |
T8211 |
punct |
/,deH |
R5739 |
T8213 |
T8168 |
punct |
.,are |
R5740 |
T8215 |
T8216 |
advmod |
Thus,is |
R5741 |
T8217 |
T8216 |
punct |
", ",is |
R5742 |
T8218 |
T8216 |
prep |
despite,is |
R5743 |
T8219 |
T8220 |
det |
the,pattern |
R5744 |
T8220 |
T8218 |
pobj |
pattern,despite |
R5745 |
T8221 |
T8220 |
amod |
abnormal,pattern |
R5746 |
T8222 |
T8220 |
prep |
of,pattern |
R5747 |
T8223 |
T8224 |
amod |
dark,skin |
R5748 |
T8224 |
T8222 |
pobj |
skin,of |
R5749 |
T8225 |
T8220 |
prep |
in,pattern |
R5750 |
T8226 |
T8227 |
amod |
neonatal,mice |
R5751 |
T8227 |
T8225 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R5752 |
T8228 |
T8229 |
nmod |
deH,deH |
R5753 |
T8229 |
T8227 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R5754 |
T8230 |
T8229 |
punct |
/,deH |
R5755 |
T8231 |
T8232 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R5756 |
T8232 |
T8220 |
parataxis |
Figure,pattern |
R5757 |
T8233 |
T8232 |
advmod |
e.g.,Figure |
R5758 |
T8234 |
T8232 |
punct |
", ",Figure |
R5759 |
T8235 |
T8232 |
nummod |
2D,Figure |
R5760 |
T8236 |
T8232 |
punct |
),Figure |
R5761 |
T8237 |
T8216 |
punct |
", ",is |
R5762 |
T8238 |
T8239 |
det |
the,feature |
R5763 |
T8239 |
T8216 |
nsubj |
feature,is |
R5764 |
T8240 |
T8241 |
advmod |
most,obvious |
R5765 |
T8241 |
T8239 |
amod |
obvious,feature |
R5766 |
T8242 |
T8239 |
prep |
in,feature |
R5767 |
T8243 |
T8242 |
pobj |
adults,in |
R5768 |
T8244 |
T8245 |
amod |
dorsal,displacement |
R5769 |
T8245 |
T8216 |
attr |
displacement,is |
R5770 |
T8246 |
T8245 |
prep |
of,displacement |
R5771 |
T8247 |
T8248 |
det |
the,boundary |
R5772 |
T8248 |
T8246 |
pobj |
boundary,of |
R5773 |
T8249 |
T8248 |
punct |
“,boundary |
R5774 |
T8250 |
T8248 |
punct |
”,boundary |
R5775 |
T8251 |
T8248 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R5776 |
T8252 |
T8253 |
amod |
black,hair |
R5777 |
T8253 |
T8251 |
pobj |
hair,between |
R5778 |
T8254 |
T8252 |
cc |
and,black |
R5779 |
T8255 |
T8252 |
conj |
yellow,black |
R5780 |
T8256 |
T8257 |
punct |
(,Figure |
R5781 |
T8257 |
T8216 |
parataxis |
Figure,is |
R5782 |
T8258 |
T8257 |
nummod |
9A,Figure |
R5783 |
T8259 |
T8257 |
punct |
),Figure |
R5784 |
T8260 |
T8216 |
punct |
.,is |
R5787 |
T8497 |
T8496 |
prep |
of,Genetics |
R5788 |
T8498 |
T8497 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R5789 |
T8500 |
T8501 |
advcl |
Named,identified |
R5790 |
T8502 |
T8500 |
prep |
for,Named |
R5791 |
T8503 |
T8504 |
det |
the,presence |
R5792 |
T8504 |
T8502 |
pobj |
presence,for |
R5793 |
T8505 |
T8504 |
prep |
of,presence |
R5794 |
T8506 |
T8507 |
det |
a,domain |
R5795 |
T8507 |
T8505 |
pobj |
domain,of |
R5796 |
T8508 |
T8509 |
npadvmod |
DNA,binding |
R5797 |
T8509 |
T8507 |
amod |
binding,domain |
R5798 |
T8510 |
T8509 |
punct |
-,binding |
R5799 |
T8511 |
T8512 |
advmod |
first,identified |
R5800 |
T8512 |
T8507 |
acl |
identified,domain |
R5801 |
T8513 |
T8512 |
prep |
in,identified |
R5802 |
T8514 |
T8515 |
det |
the,gene |
R5803 |
T8515 |
T8513 |
pobj |
gene,in |
R5804 |
T8516 |
T8515 |
compound |
mouse,gene |
R5805 |
T8517 |
T8515 |
compound |
Brachyury,gene |
R5806 |
T8518 |
T8519 |
punct |
(,causes |
R5807 |
T8519 |
T8500 |
parataxis |
causes,Named |
R5808 |
T8520 |
T8519 |
nsubj |
haploinsufficiency,causes |
R5809 |
T8521 |
T8522 |
det |
a,tail |
R5810 |
T8522 |
T8519 |
dobj |
tail,causes |
R5811 |
T8523 |
T8522 |
amod |
short,tail |
R5812 |
T8524 |
T8519 |
punct |
),causes |
R5813 |
T8525 |
T8501 |
punct |
", ",identified |
R5814 |
T8526 |
T8527 |
compound |
T,box |
R5815 |
T8527 |
T8528 |
npadvmod |
box,containing |
R5816 |
T8528 |
T8530 |
amod |
containing,genes |
R5817 |
T8529 |
T8528 |
punct |
–,containing |
R5818 |
T8530 |
T8501 |
nsubjpass |
genes,identified |
R5819 |
T8531 |
T8501 |
aux |
have,identified |
R5820 |
T8532 |
T8501 |
auxpass |
been,identified |
R5821 |
T8533 |
T8501 |
prep |
as,identified |
R5822 |
T8534 |
T8535 |
amod |
developmental,regulators |
R5823 |
T8535 |
T8533 |
pobj |
regulators,as |
R5824 |
T8536 |
T8501 |
prep |
in,identified |
R5825 |
T8537 |
T8538 |
det |
a,spectrum |
R5826 |
T8538 |
T8536 |
pobj |
spectrum,in |
R5827 |
T8539 |
T8538 |
amod |
wide,spectrum |
R5828 |
T8540 |
T8538 |
prep |
of,spectrum |
R5829 |
T8541 |
T8540 |
pobj |
tissues,of |
R5830 |
T8542 |
T8541 |
cc |
and,tissues |
R5831 |
T8543 |
T8544 |
amod |
multicellular,organisms |
R5832 |
T8544 |
T8541 |
conj |
organisms,tissues |
R5833 |
T8545 |
T8546 |
punct |
(,reviewed |
R5834 |
T8546 |
T8501 |
parataxis |
reviewed,identified |
R5835 |
T8547 |
T8546 |
prep |
in,reviewed |
R5836 |
T8548 |
T8547 |
pobj |
Papaioannou,in |
R5837 |
T8549 |
T8548 |
npadvmod |
2001,Papaioannou |
R5838 |
T8550 |
T8546 |
punct |
),reviewed |
R5839 |
T8551 |
T8501 |
punct |
.,identified |
R5840 |
T8553 |
T8554 |
det |
The,subfamily |
R5841 |
T8554 |
T8556 |
nsubj |
subfamily,is |
R5842 |
T8555 |
T8554 |
compound |
Tbx15,subfamily |
R5843 |
T8557 |
T8554 |
punct |
", ",subfamily |
R5844 |
T8558 |
T8559 |
dep |
which,includes |
R5845 |
T8559 |
T8554 |
relcl |
includes,subfamily |
R5846 |
T8560 |
T8559 |
advmod |
also,includes |
R5847 |
T8561 |
T8559 |
dobj |
Tbx18,includes |
R5848 |
T8562 |
T8561 |
cc |
and,Tbx18 |
R5849 |
T8563 |
T8561 |
conj |
Tbx22,Tbx18 |
R5850 |
T8564 |
T8556 |
punct |
", ",is |
R5851 |
T8565 |
T8556 |
acomp |
likely,is |
R5852 |
T8566 |
T8567 |
aux |
to,arisen |
R5853 |
T8567 |
T8565 |
xcomp |
arisen,likely |
R5854 |
T8568 |
T8567 |
aux |
have,arisen |
R5855 |
T8569 |
T8567 |
prep |
during,arisen |
R5856 |
T8570 |
T8571 |
amod |
early,evolution |
R5857 |
T8571 |
T8569 |
pobj |
evolution,during |
R5858 |
T8572 |
T8571 |
compound |
chordate,evolution |
R5859 |
T8573 |
T8574 |
mark |
since,is |
R5860 |
T8574 |
T8567 |
advcl |
is,arisen |
R5861 |
T8575 |
T8574 |
expl |
there,is |
R5862 |
T8576 |
T8577 |
det |
a,gene |
R5863 |
T8577 |
T8574 |
attr |
gene,is |
R5864 |
T8578 |
T8577 |
amod |
single,gene |
R5865 |
T8579 |
T8577 |
prep |
in,gene |
R5866 |
T8580 |
T8579 |
pobj |
amphioxus,in |
R5867 |
T8581 |
T8577 |
cc |
but,gene |
R5868 |
T8582 |
T8583 |
det |
no,homolog |
R5869 |
T8583 |
T8577 |
conj |
homolog,gene |
R5870 |
T8584 |
T8583 |
amod |
obvious,homolog |
R5871 |
T8585 |
T8583 |
prep |
in,homolog |
R5872 |
T8586 |
T8587 |
det |
the,genome |
R5873 |
T8587 |
T8585 |
pobj |
genome,in |
R5874 |
T8588 |
T8587 |
compound |
fly,genome |
R5875 |
T8589 |
T8590 |
punct |
(,Ruvinsky |
R5876 |
T8590 |
T8574 |
meta |
Ruvinsky,is |
R5877 |
T8591 |
T8590 |
nmod |
et,Ruvinsky |
R5878 |
T8592 |
T8590 |
nmod |
al.,Ruvinsky |
R5879 |
T8593 |
T8590 |
nummod |
2000,Ruvinsky |
R5880 |
T8594 |
T8590 |
punct |
),Ruvinsky |
R5881 |
T8595 |
T8556 |
punct |
.,is |
R5882 |
T8597 |
T8598 |
advcl |
Consistent,expressed |
R5883 |
T8599 |
T8597 |
prep |
with,Consistent |
R5884 |
T8600 |
T8601 |
det |
this,relationship |
R5885 |
T8601 |
T8599 |
pobj |
relationship,with |
R5886 |
T8602 |
T8598 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R5887 |
T8603 |
T8604 |
det |
the,genes |
R5888 |
T8604 |
T8598 |
nsubjpass |
genes,expressed |
R5889 |
T8605 |
T8604 |
nummod |
three,genes |
R5890 |
T8606 |
T8598 |
auxpass |
are,expressed |
R5891 |
T8607 |
T8598 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R5892 |
T8608 |
T8609 |
advmod |
partially,overlapping |
R5893 |
T8609 |
T8610 |
amod |
overlapping,patterns |
R5894 |
T8610 |
T8607 |
pobj |
patterns,in |
R5895 |
T8611 |
T8612 |
dep |
that,include |
R5896 |
T8612 |
T8610 |
relcl |
include,patterns |
R5897 |
T8613 |
T8614 |
amod |
anterior,somites |
R5898 |
T8614 |
T8612 |
dobj |
somites,include |
R5899 |
T8615 |
T8616 |
punct |
(,Tbx18 |
R5900 |
T8616 |
T8614 |
parataxis |
Tbx18,somites |
R5901 |
T8617 |
T8616 |
cc |
and,Tbx18 |
R5902 |
T8618 |
T8616 |
conj |
Tbx22,Tbx18 |
R5903 |
T8619 |
T8616 |
punct |
),Tbx18 |
R5904 |
T8620 |
T8614 |
punct |
", ",somites |
R5905 |
T8621 |
T8622 |
compound |
limb,mesenchyme |
R5906 |
T8622 |
T8614 |
conj |
mesenchyme,somites |
R5907 |
T8623 |
T8624 |
punct |
(,Tbx15 |
R5908 |
T8624 |
T8622 |
parataxis |
Tbx15,mesenchyme |
R5909 |
T8625 |
T8624 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R5910 |
T8626 |
T8624 |
conj |
Tbx18,Tbx15 |
R5911 |
T8627 |
T8624 |
punct |
),Tbx15 |
R5912 |
T8628 |
T8622 |
punct |
", ",mesenchyme |
R5913 |
T8629 |
T8622 |
cc |
and,mesenchyme |
R5914 |
T8630 |
T8631 |
amod |
craniofacial,mesenchyme |
R5915 |
T8631 |
T8622 |
conj |
mesenchyme,mesenchyme |
R5916 |
T8632 |
T8633 |
punct |
(,genes |
R5917 |
T8633 |
T8631 |
parataxis |
genes,mesenchyme |
R5918 |
T8634 |
T8633 |
det |
all,genes |
R5919 |
T8635 |
T8633 |
nummod |
three,genes |
R5920 |
T8636 |
T8633 |
punct |
", ",genes |
R5921 |
T8637 |
T8633 |
dep |
Tbx15,genes |
R5922 |
T8638 |
T8639 |
advmod |
more,broadly |
R5923 |
T8639 |
T8637 |
advmod |
broadly,Tbx15 |
R5924 |
T8640 |
T8639 |
prep |
than,broadly |
R5925 |
T8641 |
T8640 |
pobj |
Tbx18,than |
R5926 |
T8642 |
T8641 |
cc |
or,Tbx18 |
R5927 |
T8643 |
T8641 |
conj |
Tbx22,Tbx18 |
R5928 |
T8644 |
T8633 |
punct |
),genes |
R5929 |
T8645 |
T8646 |
punct |
(,Agulnik |
R5930 |
T8646 |
T8612 |
meta |
Agulnik,include |
R5931 |
T8647 |
T8646 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R5932 |
T8648 |
T8646 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R5933 |
T8649 |
T8646 |
nummod |
1998,Agulnik |
R5934 |
T8650 |
T8646 |
punct |
;,Agulnik |
R5935 |
T8651 |
T8646 |
nmod |
Kraus,Agulnik |
R5936 |
T8652 |
T8646 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R5937 |
T8653 |
T8646 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R5938 |
T8654 |
T8646 |
nummod |
2001,Agulnik |
R5939 |
T8655 |
T8646 |
punct |
;,Agulnik |
R5940 |
T8656 |
T8646 |
nmod |
Braybrook,Agulnik |
R5941 |
T8657 |
T8646 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R5942 |
T8658 |
T8646 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R5943 |
T8659 |
T8646 |
nummod |
2002,Agulnik |
R5944 |
T8660 |
T8646 |
punct |
;,Agulnik |
R5945 |
T8661 |
T8646 |
nmod |
Bush,Agulnik |
R5946 |
T8662 |
T8646 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R5947 |
T8663 |
T8646 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R5948 |
T8664 |
T8646 |
nummod |
2002,Agulnik |
R5949 |
T8665 |
T8646 |
punct |
;,Agulnik |
R5950 |
T8666 |
T8646 |
nmod |
Herr,Agulnik |
R5951 |
T8667 |
T8646 |
nmod |
et,Agulnik |
R5952 |
T8668 |
T8646 |
nmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R5953 |
T8669 |
T8646 |
nummod |
2003,Agulnik |
R5954 |
T8670 |
T8646 |
punct |
),Agulnik |
R5955 |
T8671 |
T8598 |
punct |
.,expressed |
R5956 |
T8673 |
T8674 |
det |
These,observations |
R5957 |
T8674 |
T8675 |
nsubj |
observations,suggest |
R5958 |
T8676 |
T8677 |
mark |
that,been |
R5960 |
T8678 |
T8679 |
det |
an,gene |
R5961 |
T8679 |
T8677 |
nsubj |
gene,been |
R5962 |
T8680 |
T8679 |
amod |
ancestral,gene |
R5963 |
T8681 |
T8679 |
prep |
for,gene |
R5964 |
T8682 |
T8681 |
pobj |
Tbx15,for |
R5965 |
T8683 |
T8682 |
punct |
", ",Tbx15 |
R5966 |
T8684 |
T8682 |
conj |
Tbx18,Tbx15 |
R5967 |
T8685 |
T8684 |
punct |
", ",Tbx18 |
R5968 |
T8686 |
T8684 |
cc |
and,Tbx18 |
R5969 |
T8687 |
T8684 |
conj |
Tbx22,Tbx18 |
R5970 |
T8688 |
T8677 |
aux |
may,been |
R5971 |
T8689 |
T8677 |
aux |
have,been |
R5972 |
T8690 |
T8677 |
acomp |
important,been |
R5973 |
T8691 |
T8677 |
prep |
for,been |
R5974 |
T8692 |
T8693 |
amod |
craniofacial,development |
R5975 |
T8693 |
T8691 |
pobj |
development,for |
R5976 |
T8694 |
T8693 |
prep |
in,development |
R5977 |
T8695 |
T8694 |
pobj |
cephalochordates,in |
R5978 |
T8696 |
T8677 |
punct |
", ",been |
R5979 |
T8697 |
T8677 |
prep |
with,been |
R5980 |
T8698 |
T8697 |
pobj |
acquisition,with |
R5981 |
T8699 |
T8698 |
prep |
of,acquisition |
R5982 |
T8700 |
T8701 |
amod |
additional,patterns |
R5983 |
T8701 |
T8699 |
pobj |
patterns,of |
R5984 |
T8702 |
T8701 |
compound |
expression,patterns |
R5985 |
T8703 |
T8701 |
cc |
and,patterns |
R5986 |
T8704 |
T8705 |
amod |
developmental,functions |
R5987 |
T8705 |
T8701 |
conj |
functions,patterns |
R5988 |
T8706 |
T8698 |
prep |
in,acquisition |
R5989 |
T8707 |
T8708 |
det |
the,limb |
R5990 |
T8708 |
T8706 |
pobj |
limb,in |
R5991 |
T8709 |
T8708 |
cc |
and,limb |
R5992 |
T8710 |
T8711 |
det |
the,trunk |
R5993 |
T8711 |
T8708 |
conj |
trunk,limb |
R5994 |
T8712 |
T8698 |
prep |
during,acquisition |
R5995 |
T8713 |
T8714 |
amod |
early,evolution |
R5996 |
T8714 |
T8712 |
pobj |
evolution,during |
R5997 |
T8715 |
T8714 |
compound |
vertebrate,evolution |
R5998 |
T8716 |
T8675 |
punct |
.,suggest |
R5999 |
T8718 |
T8719 |
nsubjpass |
Expression,reported |
R6000 |
T8720 |
T8718 |
prep |
of,Expression |
R6001 |
T8721 |
T8720 |
pobj |
Tbx18,of |
R6002 |
T8722 |
T8721 |
cc |
and,Tbx18 |
R6003 |
T8723 |
T8721 |
conj |
Tbx22,Tbx18 |
R6004 |
T8724 |
T8719 |
aux |
has,reported |
R6005 |
T8725 |
T8719 |
neg |
not,reported |
R6006 |
T8726 |
T8719 |
auxpass |
been,reported |
R6007 |
T8727 |
T8719 |
prep |
in,reported |
R6008 |
T8728 |
T8729 |
amod |
embryonic,mesenchyme |
R6009 |
T8729 |
T8727 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R6010 |
T8730 |
T8729 |
compound |
flank,mesenchyme |
R6011 |
T8731 |
T8719 |
punct |
", ",reported |
R6012 |
T8732 |
T8733 |
dep |
which,suggests |
R6013 |
T8733 |
T8719 |
advcl |
suggests,reported |
R6014 |
T8734 |
T8735 |
mark |
that,is |
R6015 |
T8735 |
T8733 |
ccomp |
is,suggests |
R6016 |
T8736 |
T8735 |
nsubj |
Tbx15,is |
R6017 |
T8737 |
T8738 |
det |
the,member |
R6018 |
T8738 |
T8735 |
attr |
member,is |
R6019 |
T8739 |
T8738 |
amod |
only,member |
R6020 |
T8740 |
T8738 |
compound |
family,member |
R6021 |
T8741 |
T8738 |
acl |
involved,member |
R6022 |
T8742 |
T8741 |
prep |
in,involved |
R6023 |
T8743 |
T8742 |
pcomp |
establishing,in |
R6024 |
T8744 |
T8745 |
det |
the,identity |
R6025 |
T8745 |
T8743 |
dobj |
identity,establishing |
R6026 |
T8746 |
T8745 |
amod |
dorsoventral,identity |
R6027 |
T8747 |
T8745 |
prep |
of,identity |
R6028 |
T8748 |
T8749 |
det |
the,trunk |
R6029 |
T8749 |
T8747 |
pobj |
trunk,of |
R6030 |
T8750 |
T8719 |
punct |
.,reported |
R6031 |
T8752 |
T8753 |
advmod |
However,be |
R6032 |
T8754 |
T8753 |
punct |
", ",be |
R6033 |
T8755 |
T8753 |
nsubj |
it,be |
R6034 |
T8756 |
T8753 |
aux |
would,be |
R6035 |
T8757 |
T8753 |
neg |
not,be |
R6036 |
T8758 |
T8753 |
acomp |
surprising,be |
R6037 |
T8759 |
T8760 |
aux |
to,find |
R6038 |
T8760 |
T8753 |
xcomp |
find,be |
R6039 |
T8761 |
T8762 |
det |
some,degree |
R6040 |
T8762 |
T8760 |
dobj |
degree,find |
R6041 |
T8763 |
T8762 |
prep |
of,degree |
R6042 |
T8764 |
T8765 |
amod |
functional,redundancy |
R6043 |
T8765 |
T8763 |
pobj |
redundancy,of |
R6044 |
T8766 |
T8760 |
prep |
in,find |
R6045 |
T8767 |
T8766 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R6046 |
T8768 |
T8767 |
acl |
mutated,animals |
R6047 |
T8769 |
T8768 |
prep |
for,mutated |
R6048 |
T8770 |
T8769 |
pobj |
two,for |
R6049 |
T8771 |
T8770 |
cc |
or,two |
R6050 |
T8772 |
T8770 |
conj |
three,two |
R6051 |
T8773 |
T8770 |
prep |
of,two |
R6052 |
T8774 |
T8775 |
det |
the,members |
R6053 |
T8775 |
T8773 |
pobj |
members,of |
R6054 |
T8776 |
T8775 |
compound |
subfamily,members |
R6055 |
T8777 |
T8760 |
prep |
in,find |
R6056 |
T8778 |
T8779 |
amod |
other,regions |
R6057 |
T8779 |
T8777 |
pobj |
regions,in |
R6058 |
T8780 |
T8779 |
compound |
body,regions |
R6059 |
T8781 |
T8779 |
punct |
", ",regions |
R6060 |
T8782 |
T8783 |
advmod |
particularly,limbs |
R6061 |
T8783 |
T8779 |
appos |
limbs,regions |
R6062 |
T8784 |
T8783 |
det |
the,limbs |
R6063 |
T8785 |
T8783 |
cc |
and,limbs |
R6064 |
T8786 |
T8787 |
det |
the,head |
R6065 |
T8787 |
T8783 |
conj |
head,limbs |
R6066 |
T8788 |
T8753 |
punct |
.,be |
R6067 |
T8790 |
T8791 |
prep |
For,cause |
R6068 |
T8792 |
T8790 |
pobj |
example,For |
R6069 |
T8793 |
T8791 |
punct |
", ",cause |
R6070 |
T8794 |
T8791 |
nsubj |
mutations,cause |
R6071 |
T8795 |
T8794 |
prep |
in,mutations |
R6072 |
T8796 |
T8795 |
pobj |
Tbx22,in |
R6073 |
T8797 |
T8798 |
det |
the,syndrome |
R6074 |
T8798 |
T8791 |
dobj |
syndrome,cause |
R6075 |
T8799 |
T8798 |
amod |
human,syndrome |
R6076 |
T8800 |
T8801 |
npadvmod |
X,linked |
R6077 |
T8801 |
T8803 |
amod |
linked,palate |
R6078 |
T8802 |
T8801 |
punct |
-,linked |
R6079 |
T8803 |
T8798 |
appos |
palate,syndrome |
R6080 |
T8804 |
T8803 |
amod |
cleft,palate |
R6081 |
T8805 |
T8803 |
cc |
and,palate |
R6082 |
T8806 |
T8803 |
conj |
ankyloglossia,palate |
R6083 |
T8807 |
T8808 |
punct |
(,Braybrook |
R6084 |
T8808 |
T8791 |
meta |
Braybrook,cause |
R6085 |
T8809 |
T8808 |
nmod |
et,Braybrook |
R6086 |
T8810 |
T8808 |
nmod |
al.,Braybrook |
R6087 |
T8811 |
T8808 |
nummod |
2001,Braybrook |
R6088 |
T8812 |
T8808 |
punct |
),Braybrook |
R6089 |
T8813 |
T8791 |
punct |
.,cause |
R6090 |
T8815 |
T8816 |
prep |
Despite,affect |
R6091 |
T8817 |
T8818 |
amod |
high,levels |
R6092 |
T8818 |
T8815 |
pobj |
levels,Despite |
R6093 |
T8819 |
T8818 |
prep |
of,levels |
R6094 |
T8820 |
T8821 |
compound |
Tbx22,expression |
R6095 |
T8821 |
T8819 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R6096 |
T8822 |
T8818 |
prep |
in,levels |
R6097 |
T8823 |
T8824 |
amod |
periocular,mesenchyme |
R6098 |
T8824 |
T8822 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R6099 |
T8825 |
T8824 |
amod |
embryonic,mesenchyme |
R6100 |
T8826 |
T8827 |
punct |
(,Braybrook |
R6101 |
T8827 |
T8818 |
meta |
Braybrook,levels |
R6102 |
T8828 |
T8827 |
nmod |
et,Braybrook |
R6103 |
T8829 |
T8827 |
nmod |
al.,Braybrook |
R6104 |
T8830 |
T8827 |
nummod |
2002,Braybrook |
R6105 |
T8831 |
T8827 |
punct |
;,Braybrook |
R6106 |
T8832 |
T8827 |
nmod |
Bush,Braybrook |
R6107 |
T8833 |
T8827 |
nmod |
et,Braybrook |
R6108 |
T8834 |
T8827 |
nmod |
al.,Braybrook |
R6109 |
T8835 |
T8827 |
nummod |
2002,Braybrook |
R6110 |
T8836 |
T8827 |
punct |
;,Braybrook |
R6111 |
T8837 |
T8827 |
nmod |
Herr,Braybrook |
R6112 |
T8838 |
T8827 |
nmod |
et,Braybrook |
R6113 |
T8839 |
T8827 |
nmod |
al.,Braybrook |
R6114 |
T8840 |
T8827 |
nummod |
2003,Braybrook |
R6115 |
T8841 |
T8827 |
punct |
),Braybrook |
R6116 |
T8842 |
T8816 |
punct |
", ",affect |
R6117 |
T8843 |
T8844 |
det |
the,condition |
R6118 |
T8844 |
T8816 |
nsubj |
condition,affect |
R6119 |
T8845 |
T8816 |
aux |
does,affect |
R6120 |
T8846 |
T8816 |
neg |
not,affect |
R6121 |
T8847 |
T8848 |
det |
the,eye |
R6122 |
T8848 |
T8816 |
dobj |
eye,affect |
R6123 |
T8849 |
T8816 |
punct |
", ",affect |
R6124 |
T8850 |
T8851 |
advmod |
perhaps,provided |
R6125 |
T8851 |
T8816 |
advcl |
provided,affect |
R6126 |
T8852 |
T8851 |
mark |
because,provided |
R6127 |
T8853 |
T8854 |
amod |
residual,activity |
R6128 |
T8854 |
T8851 |
nsubjpass |
activity,provided |
R6129 |
T8855 |
T8851 |
auxpass |
is,provided |
R6130 |
T8856 |
T8851 |
agent |
by,provided |
R6131 |
T8857 |
T8856 |
pobj |
Tbx15,by |
R6132 |
T8858 |
T8851 |
prep |
in,provided |
R6133 |
T8859 |
T8860 |
det |
the,region |
R6134 |
T8860 |
T8858 |
pobj |
region,in |
R6135 |
T8861 |
T8860 |
amod |
same,region |
R6136 |
T8862 |
T8816 |
punct |
.,affect |
R6137 |
T8864 |
T8865 |
prep |
In,suggested |
R6138 |
T8866 |
T8867 |
det |
an,description |
R6139 |
T8867 |
T8864 |
pobj |
description,In |
R6140 |
T8868 |
T8867 |
amod |
initial,description |
R6141 |
T8869 |
T8867 |
prep |
of,description |
R6142 |
T8870 |
T8871 |
det |
the,expression |
R6143 |
T8871 |
T8869 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R6144 |
T8872 |
T8871 |
cc |
and,expression |
R6145 |
T8873 |
T8874 |
compound |
map,location |
R6146 |
T8874 |
T8871 |
conj |
location,expression |
R6147 |
T8875 |
T8871 |
prep |
of,expression |
R6148 |
T8876 |
T8877 |
compound |
mouse,Tbx15 |
R6149 |
T8877 |
T8875 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6150 |
T8878 |
T8865 |
punct |
", ",suggested |
R6151 |
T8879 |
T8865 |
nsubj |
Agulnik,suggested |
R6152 |
T8880 |
T8881 |
advmod |
et,al. |
R6153 |
T8881 |
T8879 |
advmod |
al.,Agulnik |
R6154 |
T8882 |
T8879 |
punct |
(,Agulnik |
R6155 |
T8883 |
T8879 |
npadvmod |
1998,Agulnik |
R6156 |
T8884 |
T8879 |
punct |
),Agulnik |
R6157 |
T8885 |
T8886 |
amod |
human,Tbx15 |
R6158 |
T8886 |
T8865 |
dobj |
Tbx15,suggested |
R6159 |
T8887 |
T8888 |
dep |
that,lies |
R6160 |
T8888 |
T8886 |
relcl |
lies,Tbx15 |
R6161 |
T8889 |
T8888 |
prep |
on,lies |
R6162 |
T8890 |
T8891 |
compound |
Chromosome,1p11.1 |
R6163 |
T8891 |
T8889 |
pobj |
1p11.1,on |
R6164 |
T8892 |
T8865 |
prep |
as,suggested |
R6165 |
T8893 |
T8894 |
det |
a,candidate |
R6166 |
T8894 |
T8892 |
pobj |
candidate,as |
R6167 |
T8895 |
T8894 |
prep |
for,candidate |
R6168 |
T8896 |
T8897 |
amod |
acromegaloid,appearance |
R6169 |
T8897 |
T8899 |
nmod |
appearance,syndrome |
R6170 |
T8898 |
T8897 |
amod |
facial,appearance |
R6171 |
T8899 |
T8895 |
pobj |
syndrome,for |
R6172 |
T8900 |
T8897 |
punct |
(,appearance |
R6173 |
T8901 |
T8897 |
appos |
AFA,appearance |
R6174 |
T8902 |
T8899 |
punct |
),syndrome |
R6175 |
T8903 |
T8899 |
punct |
", ",syndrome |
R6176 |
T8904 |
T8905 |
prep |
for,is |
R6177 |
T8905 |
T8899 |
relcl |
is,syndrome |
R6178 |
T8906 |
T8904 |
pobj |
which,for |
R6179 |
T8907 |
T8905 |
expl |
there,is |
R6180 |
T8908 |
T8909 |
det |
a,score |
R6181 |
T8909 |
T8905 |
attr |
score,is |
R6182 |
T8910 |
T8909 |
amod |
weak,score |
R6183 |
T8911 |
T8909 |
amod |
positive,score |
R6184 |
T8912 |
T8909 |
compound |
LOD,score |
R6185 |
T8913 |
T8909 |
prep |
to,score |
R6186 |
T8914 |
T8915 |
compound |
Chromosome,1p |
R6187 |
T8915 |
T8913 |
pobj |
1p,to |
R6188 |
T8916 |
T8917 |
punct |
(,Hughes |
R6189 |
T8917 |
T8905 |
meta |
Hughes,is |
R6190 |
T8918 |
T8917 |
nmod |
et,Hughes |
R6191 |
T8919 |
T8917 |
nmod |
al.,Hughes |
R6192 |
T8920 |
T8917 |
nummod |
1985,Hughes |
R6193 |
T8921 |
T8917 |
punct |
),Hughes |
R6194 |
T8922 |
T8865 |
punct |
.,suggested |
R6195 |
T8924 |
T8925 |
advmod |
Originally,described |
R6196 |
T8925 |
T8926 |
advcl |
described,describe |
R6197 |
T8927 |
T8925 |
prep |
as,described |
R6198 |
T8928 |
T8929 |
det |
a,syndrome |
R6199 |
T8929 |
T8927 |
pobj |
syndrome,as |
R6200 |
T8930 |
T8929 |
amod |
rare,syndrome |
R6201 |
T8931 |
T8932 |
amod |
autosomal,dominant |
R6202 |
T8932 |
T8929 |
amod |
dominant,syndrome |
R6203 |
T8933 |
T8932 |
punct |
-,dominant |
R6204 |
T8934 |
T8929 |
prep |
with,syndrome |
R6205 |
T8935 |
T8936 |
amod |
progressive,coarsening |
R6206 |
T8936 |
T8934 |
pobj |
coarsening,with |
R6207 |
T8937 |
T8936 |
amod |
facial,coarsening |
R6208 |
T8938 |
T8936 |
punct |
", ",coarsening |
R6209 |
T8939 |
T8936 |
conj |
overgrowth,coarsening |
R6210 |
T8940 |
T8939 |
prep |
of,overgrowth |
R6211 |
T8941 |
T8942 |
det |
the,mucosa |
R6212 |
T8942 |
T8940 |
pobj |
mucosa,of |
R6213 |
T8943 |
T8942 |
amod |
intraoral,mucosa |
R6214 |
T8944 |
T8939 |
punct |
", ",overgrowth |
R6215 |
T8945 |
T8939 |
cc |
and,overgrowth |
R6216 |
T8946 |
T8947 |
amod |
large,hands |
R6217 |
T8947 |
T8939 |
conj |
hands,overgrowth |
R6218 |
T8948 |
T8947 |
punct |
", ",hands |
R6219 |
T8949 |
T8947 |
amod |
doughy,hands |
R6220 |
T8950 |
T8926 |
punct |
", ",describe |
R6221 |
T8951 |
T8952 |
advmod |
more,recent |
R6222 |
T8952 |
T8953 |
amod |
recent,reports |
R6223 |
T8953 |
T8926 |
nsubj |
reports,describe |
R6224 |
T8954 |
T8953 |
compound |
case,reports |
R6225 |
T8955 |
T8926 |
dobj |
macrosomia,describe |
R6226 |
T8956 |
T8955 |
punct |
", ",macrosomia |
R6227 |
T8957 |
T8955 |
conj |
macrocephaly,macrosomia |
R6228 |
T8958 |
T8957 |
punct |
", ",macrocephaly |
R6229 |
T8959 |
T8957 |
cc |
or,macrocephaly |
R6230 |
T8960 |
T8957 |
conj |
both,macrocephaly |
R6231 |
T8961 |
T8955 |
cc |
and,macrosomia |
R6232 |
T8962 |
T8963 |
amod |
generalized,hypertrichosis |
R6233 |
T8963 |
T8955 |
conj |
hypertrichosis,macrosomia |
R6234 |
T8964 |
T8926 |
prep |
with,describe |
R6235 |
T8965 |
T8966 |
amod |
progressive,coarsening |
R6236 |
T8966 |
T8964 |
pobj |
coarsening,with |
R6237 |
T8967 |
T8968 |
punct |
(,Dallapiccola |
R6238 |
T8968 |
T8926 |
meta |
Dallapiccola,describe |
R6239 |
T8969 |
T8968 |
nmod |
et,Dallapiccola |
R6240 |
T8970 |
T8968 |
nmod |
al.,Dallapiccola |
R6241 |
T8971 |
T8968 |
nummod |
1992,Dallapiccola |
R6242 |
T8972 |
T8968 |
punct |
;,Dallapiccola |
R6243 |
T8973 |
T8968 |
nmod |
Irvine,Dallapiccola |
R6244 |
T8974 |
T8968 |
nmod |
et,Dallapiccola |
R6245 |
T8975 |
T8968 |
nmod |
al.,Dallapiccola |
R6246 |
T8976 |
T8968 |
nummod |
1996,Dallapiccola |
R6247 |
T8977 |
T8968 |
punct |
;,Dallapiccola |
R6248 |
T8978 |
T8968 |
nmod |
da,Dallapiccola |
R6249 |
T8979 |
T8968 |
nmod |
Silva,Dallapiccola |
R6250 |
T8980 |
T8968 |
nmod |
et,Dallapiccola |
R6251 |
T8981 |
T8968 |
nmod |
al.,Dallapiccola |
R6252 |
T8982 |
T8968 |
nummod |
1998,Dallapiccola |
R6253 |
T8983 |
T8968 |
punct |
;,Dallapiccola |
R6254 |
T8984 |
T8968 |
nmod |
Zelante,Dallapiccola |
R6255 |
T8985 |
T8968 |
nmod |
et,Dallapiccola |
R6256 |
T8986 |
T8968 |
nmod |
al.,Dallapiccola |
R6257 |
T8987 |
T8968 |
nummod |
2000,Dallapiccola |
R6258 |
T8988 |
T8968 |
punct |
),Dallapiccola |
R6259 |
T8989 |
T8926 |
punct |
.,describe |
R6260 |
T8991 |
T8992 |
det |
The,phenotype |
R6261 |
T8992 |
T8994 |
nsubj |
phenotype,exhibits |
R6262 |
T8993 |
T8992 |
compound |
deH,phenotype |
R6263 |
T8994 |
T8995 |
ccomp |
exhibits,suggest |
R6264 |
T8996 |
T8997 |
amod |
little,overlap |
R6265 |
T8997 |
T8994 |
dobj |
overlap,exhibits |
R6266 |
T8998 |
T8997 |
prep |
with,overlap |
R6267 |
T8999 |
T9000 |
det |
these,features |
R6268 |
T9000 |
T8998 |
pobj |
features,with |
R6269 |
T9001 |
T8995 |
punct |
;,suggest |
R6270 |
T9002 |
T8995 |
advmod |
instead,suggest |
R6271 |
T9003 |
T8995 |
punct |
", ",suggest |
R6272 |
T9004 |
T8995 |
nsubj |
we,suggest |
R6273 |
T9005 |
T9006 |
det |
a,candidate |
R6274 |
T9006 |
T9009 |
nsubj |
candidate,be |
R6275 |
T9007 |
T9008 |
advmod |
more,likely |
R6276 |
T9008 |
T9006 |
amod |
likely,candidate |
R6277 |
T9009 |
T8995 |
advcl |
be,suggest |
R6278 |
T9010 |
T9006 |
prep |
for,candidate |
R6279 |
T9011 |
T9010 |
pobj |
mutations,for |
R6280 |
T9012 |
T9011 |
prep |
of,mutations |
R6281 |
T9013 |
T9014 |
amod |
human,TBX15 |
R6282 |
T9014 |
T9012 |
pobj |
TBX15,of |
R6283 |
T9015 |
T9009 |
aux |
would,be |
R6284 |
T9016 |
T9017 |
amod |
frontofacionasal,syndrome |
R6285 |
T9017 |
T9009 |
attr |
syndrome,be |
R6286 |
T9018 |
T9017 |
punct |
", ",syndrome |
R6287 |
T9019 |
T9020 |
det |
an,condition |
R6288 |
T9020 |
T9017 |
appos |
condition,syndrome |
R6289 |
T9021 |
T9020 |
amod |
unmapped,condition |
R6290 |
T9022 |
T9020 |
amod |
autosomal,condition |
R6291 |
T9023 |
T9020 |
amod |
recessive,condition |
R6292 |
T9024 |
T9020 |
acl |
characterized,condition |
R6293 |
T9025 |
T9024 |
agent |
by,characterized |
R6294 |
T9026 |
T9025 |
pobj |
brachycephaly,by |
R6295 |
T9027 |
T9026 |
punct |
", ",brachycephaly |
R6296 |
T9028 |
T9026 |
conj |
blepharophimosis,brachycephaly |
R6297 |
T9029 |
T9028 |
punct |
", ",blepharophimosis |
R6298 |
T9030 |
T9028 |
cc |
and,blepharophimosis |
R6299 |
T9031 |
T9032 |
amod |
midface,hypoplasia |
R6300 |
T9032 |
T9028 |
conj |
hypoplasia,blepharophimosis |
R6301 |
T9033 |
T9034 |
punct |
(,Reardon |
R6302 |
T9034 |
T9024 |
meta |
Reardon,characterized |
R6303 |
T9035 |
T9034 |
nmod |
et,Reardon |
R6304 |
T9036 |
T9034 |
nmod |
al.,Reardon |
R6305 |
T9037 |
T9034 |
nummod |
1994,Reardon |
R6306 |
T9038 |
T9034 |
punct |
),Reardon |
R6307 |
T9039 |
T8995 |
punct |
.,suggest |
R6308 |
T9041 |
T9042 |
nsubj |
Two,became |
R6309 |
T9043 |
T9041 |
prep |
of,Two |
R6310 |
T9044 |
T9043 |
pobj |
us,of |
R6311 |
T9045 |
T9041 |
punct |
(,Two |
R6312 |
T9046 |
T9047 |
compound |
S.,Kuijper |
R6313 |
T9047 |
T9041 |
appos |
Kuijper,Two |
R6314 |
T9048 |
T9047 |
cc |
and,Kuijper |
R6315 |
T9049 |
T9050 |
compound |
F.,Meijlink |
R6316 |
T9050 |
T9047 |
conj |
Meijlink,Kuijper |
R6317 |
T9051 |
T9042 |
punct |
),became |
R6318 |
T9052 |
T9042 |
acomp |
interested,became |
R6319 |
T9053 |
T9052 |
prep |
in,interested |
R6320 |
T9054 |
T9055 |
det |
the,mutation |
R6321 |
T9055 |
T9053 |
pobj |
mutation,in |
R6322 |
T9056 |
T9055 |
compound |
deH,mutation |
R6323 |
T9057 |
T9042 |
prep |
because,became |
R6324 |
T9058 |
T9057 |
pcomp |
of,because |
R6325 |
T9059 |
T9060 |
poss |
its,effects |
R6326 |
T9060 |
T9057 |
pobj |
effects,because |
R6327 |
T9061 |
T9060 |
prep |
on,effects |
R6328 |
T9062 |
T9063 |
amod |
skeletal,development |
R6329 |
T9063 |
T9061 |
pobj |
development,on |
R6330 |
T9064 |
T9065 |
punct |
(,Curry |
R6331 |
T9065 |
T9060 |
meta |
Curry,effects |
R6332 |
T9066 |
T9065 |
nummod |
1959,Curry |
R6333 |
T9067 |
T9065 |
punct |
),Curry |
R6334 |
T9068 |
T9060 |
cc |
and,effects |
R6335 |
T9069 |
T9070 |
det |
the,possibility |
R6336 |
T9070 |
T9060 |
conj |
possibility,effects |
R6337 |
T9071 |
T9072 |
mark |
that,be |
R6338 |
T9072 |
T9070 |
acl |
be,possibility |
R6339 |
T9073 |
T9074 |
det |
the,gene |
R6340 |
T9074 |
T9072 |
nsubj |
gene,be |
R6341 |
T9075 |
T9076 |
npadvmod |
aristaless,related |
R6342 |
T9076 |
T9074 |
amod |
related,gene |
R6343 |
T9077 |
T9076 |
punct |
-,related |
R6344 |
T9078 |
T9074 |
appos |
Alx3,gene |
R6345 |
T9079 |
T9072 |
aux |
might,be |
R6346 |
T9080 |
T9072 |
acomp |
allelic,be |
R6347 |
T9081 |
T9080 |
prep |
with,allelic |
R6348 |
T9082 |
T9083 |
amod |
droopy,ear |
R6349 |
T9083 |
T9081 |
pobj |
ear,with |
R6350 |
T9084 |
T9085 |
punct |
(,ten |
R6351 |
T9085 |
T9072 |
meta |
ten,be |
R6352 |
T9086 |
T9085 |
nmod |
Berge,ten |
R6353 |
T9087 |
T9085 |
nmod |
et,ten |
R6354 |
T9088 |
T9085 |
nmod |
al.,ten |
R6355 |
T9089 |
T9085 |
nummod |
1998,ten |
R6356 |
T9090 |
T9085 |
punct |
),ten |
R6357 |
T9091 |
T9042 |
punct |
.,became |
R6358 |
T9093 |
T9094 |
prep |
In,excluded |
R6359 |
T9095 |
T9093 |
pobj |
spite,In |
R6360 |
T9096 |
T9095 |
prep |
of,spite |
R6361 |
T9097 |
T9096 |
pobj |
similarities,of |
R6362 |
T9098 |
T9097 |
prep |
between,similarities |
R6363 |
T9099 |
T9100 |
amod |
skeletal,phenotypes |
R6364 |
T9100 |
T9098 |
pobj |
phenotypes,between |
R6365 |
T9101 |
T9100 |
prep |
of,phenotypes |
R6366 |
T9102 |
T9103 |
nmod |
deH,mutants |
R6367 |
T9103 |
T9101 |
pobj |
mutants,of |
R6368 |
T9104 |
T9102 |
cc |
and,deH |
R6369 |
T9105 |
T9102 |
conj |
Alx3,deH |
R6370 |
T9106 |
T9105 |
cc |
or,Alx3 |
R6371 |
T9107 |
T9105 |
conj |
Alx4,Alx3 |
R6372 |
T9108 |
T9094 |
punct |
", ",excluded |
R6373 |
T9109 |
T9110 |
amod |
subsequent,experiments |
R6374 |
T9110 |
T9094 |
nsubj |
experiments,excluded |
R6375 |
T9111 |
T9112 |
punct |
(,data |
R6376 |
T9112 |
T9110 |
meta |
data,experiments |
R6377 |
T9113 |
T9112 |
amod |
unpublished,data |
R6378 |
T9114 |
T9112 |
punct |
),data |
R6379 |
T9115 |
T9094 |
dobj |
allelism,excluded |
R6380 |
T9116 |
T9115 |
prep |
of,allelism |
R6381 |
T9117 |
T9116 |
pobj |
Alx3,of |
R6382 |
T9118 |
T9117 |
cc |
and,Alx3 |
R6383 |
T9119 |
T9117 |
conj |
deH,Alx3 |
R6384 |
T9120 |
T9094 |
punct |
", ",excluded |
R6385 |
T9121 |
T9094 |
cc |
and,excluded |
R6386 |
T9122 |
T9123 |
det |
a,description |
R6387 |
T9123 |
T9125 |
nsubjpass |
description,published |
R6388 |
T9124 |
T9123 |
amod |
full,description |
R6389 |
T9125 |
T9094 |
conj |
published,excluded |
R6390 |
T9126 |
T9123 |
prep |
of,description |
R6391 |
T9127 |
T9128 |
det |
the,phenotype |
R6392 |
T9128 |
T9126 |
pobj |
phenotype,of |
R6393 |
T9129 |
T9128 |
nmod |
Tbx15,phenotype |
R6394 |
T9130 |
T9128 |
amod |
skeletal,phenotype |
R6395 |
T9131 |
T9125 |
aux |
will,published |
R6396 |
T9132 |
T9125 |
auxpass |
be,published |
R6397 |
T9133 |
T9125 |
advmod |
elsewhere,published |
R6398 |
T9134 |
T9094 |
punct |
.,excluded |
R6406 |
T9366 |
T9367 |
amod |
Developmental,Mechanism |
R6407 |
T9368 |
T9367 |
prep |
of,Mechanism |
R6408 |
T9369 |
T9370 |
compound |
Tbx15,Expression |
R6409 |
T9370 |
T9368 |
pobj |
Expression,of |
R6410 |
T9371 |
T9370 |
cc |
and,Expression |
R6411 |
T9372 |
T9370 |
conj |
Action,Expression |
R6412 |
T9373 |
T9370 |
prep |
in,Expression |
R6413 |
T9374 |
T9375 |
det |
the,Skin |
R6414 |
T9375 |
T9373 |
pobj |
Skin,in |
R6415 |
T9377 |
T9378 |
poss |
Our,attention |
R6416 |
T9378 |
T9379 |
nsubjpass |
attention,motivated |
R6417 |
T9380 |
T9378 |
prep |
to,attention |
R6418 |
T9381 |
T9382 |
det |
the,role |
R6419 |
T9382 |
T9380 |
pobj |
role,to |
R6420 |
T9383 |
T9382 |
prep |
of,role |
R6421 |
T9384 |
T9383 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6422 |
T9385 |
T9382 |
prep |
in,role |
R6423 |
T9386 |
T9387 |
compound |
pigment,patterning |
R6424 |
T9387 |
T9385 |
pobj |
patterning,in |
R6425 |
T9388 |
T9379 |
auxpass |
was,motivated |
R6426 |
T9389 |
T9379 |
agent |
by,motivated |
R6427 |
T9390 |
T9391 |
det |
the,effects |
R6428 |
T9391 |
T9389 |
pobj |
effects,by |
R6429 |
T9392 |
T9391 |
prep |
of,effects |
R6430 |
T9393 |
T9392 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R6431 |
T9394 |
T9391 |
prep |
in,effects |
R6432 |
T9395 |
T9396 |
amod |
postnatal,animals |
R6433 |
T9396 |
T9394 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R6434 |
T9397 |
T9379 |
punct |
.,motivated |
R6435 |
T9399 |
T9400 |
advmod |
However,expressed |
R6436 |
T9401 |
T9400 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R6437 |
T9402 |
T9400 |
nsubjpass |
Agouti,expressed |
R6438 |
T9403 |
T9400 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R6439 |
T9404 |
T9400 |
advmod |
also,expressed |
R6440 |
T9405 |
T9400 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R6441 |
T9406 |
T9407 |
det |
the,embryo |
R6442 |
T9407 |
T9405 |
pobj |
embryo,in |
R6443 |
T9408 |
T9407 |
punct |
", ",embryo |
R6444 |
T9409 |
T9410 |
advmod |
where,provides |
R6445 |
T9410 |
T9407 |
relcl |
provides,embryo |
R6446 |
T9411 |
T9410 |
nsubj |
it,provides |
R6447 |
T9412 |
T9413 |
det |
a,marker |
R6448 |
T9413 |
T9410 |
dobj |
marker,provides |
R6449 |
T9414 |
T9413 |
amod |
convenient,marker |
R6450 |
T9415 |
T9413 |
prep |
of,marker |
R6451 |
T9416 |
T9417 |
amod |
ventral,identity |
R6452 |
T9417 |
T9415 |
pobj |
identity,of |
R6453 |
T9418 |
T9417 |
compound |
dermis,identity |
R6454 |
T9419 |
T9400 |
punct |
.,expressed |
R6455 |
T9421 |
T9422 |
mark |
Because,is |
R6456 |
T9422 |
T9435 |
advcl |
is,occur |
R6457 |
T9423 |
T9424 |
det |
an,domain |
R6458 |
T9424 |
T9422 |
nsubj |
domain,is |
R6459 |
T9425 |
T9424 |
amod |
expanded,domain |
R6460 |
T9426 |
T9424 |
prep |
of,domain |
R6461 |
T9427 |
T9428 |
amod |
embryonic,expression |
R6462 |
T9428 |
T9426 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R6463 |
T9429 |
T9428 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R6464 |
T9430 |
T9424 |
prep |
in,domain |
R6465 |
T9431 |
T9432 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R6466 |
T9432 |
T9434 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R6467 |
T9433 |
T9432 |
punct |
/,deH |
R6468 |
T9434 |
T9430 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R6469 |
T9436 |
T9422 |
acomp |
detectable,is |
R6470 |
T9437 |
T9422 |
prep |
by,is |
R6471 |
T9438 |
T9437 |
pobj |
E14.5,by |
R6472 |
T9439 |
T9435 |
punct |
", ",occur |
R6473 |
T9440 |
T9441 |
det |
the,effects |
R6474 |
T9441 |
T9435 |
nsubj |
effects,occur |
R6475 |
T9442 |
T9441 |
prep |
of,effects |
R6476 |
T9443 |
T9442 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6477 |
T9444 |
T9441 |
prep |
on,effects |
R6478 |
T9445 |
T9446 |
amod |
dorsoventral,patterning |
R6479 |
T9446 |
T9444 |
pobj |
patterning,on |
R6480 |
T9447 |
T9435 |
aux |
must,occur |
R6481 |
T9448 |
T9435 |
advmod |
prior,occur |
R6482 |
T9449 |
T9448 |
prep |
to,prior |
R6483 |
T9450 |
T9451 |
det |
this,time |
R6484 |
T9451 |
T9449 |
pobj |
time,to |
R6485 |
T9452 |
T9435 |
punct |
.,occur |
R6486 |
T9454 |
T9455 |
prep |
Among,emerged |
R6487 |
T9456 |
T9457 |
amod |
other,genes |
R6488 |
T9457 |
T9454 |
pobj |
genes,Among |
R6489 |
T9458 |
T9459 |
compound |
T,box |
R6490 |
T9459 |
T9457 |
compound |
box,genes |
R6491 |
T9460 |
T9459 |
punct |
-,box |
R6492 |
T9461 |
T9462 |
poss |
whose,actions |
R6493 |
T9462 |
T9464 |
dep |
actions,understood |
R6494 |
T9463 |
T9462 |
amod |
developmental,actions |
R6495 |
T9464 |
T9457 |
relcl |
understood,genes |
R6496 |
T9465 |
T9464 |
auxpass |
are,understood |
R6497 |
T9466 |
T9467 |
advmod |
at,least |
R6498 |
T9467 |
T9468 |
advmod |
least,partially |
R6499 |
T9468 |
T9464 |
advmod |
partially,understood |
R6500 |
T9469 |
T9455 |
punct |
", ",emerged |
R6501 |
T9470 |
T9471 |
nummod |
two,themes |
R6502 |
T9471 |
T9455 |
nsubj |
themes,emerged |
R6503 |
T9472 |
T9471 |
amod |
general,themes |
R6504 |
T9473 |
T9455 |
aux |
have,emerged |
R6505 |
T9474 |
T9455 |
punct |
", ",emerged |
R6506 |
T9475 |
T9476 |
nsubj |
one,focused |
R6507 |
T9476 |
T9455 |
advcl |
focused,emerged |
R6508 |
T9477 |
T9476 |
prep |
on,focused |
R6509 |
T9478 |
T9479 |
det |
the,ability |
R6510 |
T9479 |
T9477 |
pobj |
ability,on |
R6511 |
T9480 |
T9481 |
aux |
to,specify |
R6512 |
T9481 |
T9479 |
acl |
specify,ability |
R6513 |
T9482 |
T9483 |
amod |
alternative,fates |
R6514 |
T9483 |
T9481 |
dobj |
fates,specify |
R6515 |
T9484 |
T9481 |
prep |
for,specify |
R6516 |
T9485 |
T9486 |
det |
an,group |
R6517 |
T9486 |
T9484 |
pobj |
group,for |
R6518 |
T9487 |
T9486 |
amod |
undifferentiated,group |
R6519 |
T9488 |
T9486 |
prep |
of,group |
R6520 |
T9489 |
T9490 |
compound |
precursor,cells |
R6521 |
T9490 |
T9488 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R6522 |
T9491 |
T9476 |
cc |
and,focused |
R6523 |
T9492 |
T9493 |
nsubj |
another,focused |
R6524 |
T9493 |
T9476 |
conj |
focused,focused |
R6525 |
T9494 |
T9493 |
prep |
on,focused |
R6526 |
T9495 |
T9496 |
det |
the,ability |
R6527 |
T9496 |
T9494 |
pobj |
ability,on |
R6528 |
T9497 |
T9498 |
aux |
to,support |
R6529 |
T9498 |
T9496 |
acl |
support,ability |
R6530 |
T9499 |
T9500 |
amod |
proliferative,expansion |
R6531 |
T9500 |
T9498 |
dobj |
expansion,support |
R6532 |
T9501 |
T9500 |
prep |
of,expansion |
R6533 |
T9502 |
T9503 |
det |
a,population |
R6534 |
T9503 |
T9501 |
pobj |
population,of |
R6535 |
T9504 |
T9503 |
compound |
cell,population |
R6536 |
T9505 |
T9506 |
poss |
whose,fate |
R6537 |
T9506 |
T9507 |
dep |
fate,determined |
R6538 |
T9507 |
T9503 |
relcl |
determined,population |
R6539 |
T9508 |
T9507 |
auxpass |
is,determined |
R6540 |
T9509 |
T9507 |
advmod |
already,determined |
R6541 |
T9510 |
T9511 |
punct |
(,reviewed |
R6542 |
T9511 |
T9493 |
parataxis |
reviewed,focused |
R6543 |
T9512 |
T9511 |
prep |
in,reviewed |
R6544 |
T9513 |
T9512 |
pobj |
Tada,in |
R6545 |
T9514 |
T9513 |
cc |
and,Tada |
R6546 |
T9515 |
T9513 |
conj |
Smith,Tada |
R6547 |
T9516 |
T9513 |
npadvmod |
2001,Tada |
R6548 |
T9517 |
T9511 |
punct |
),reviewed |
R6549 |
T9518 |
T9455 |
punct |
.,emerged |
R6550 |
T9520 |
T9521 |
det |
Either,mechanism |
R6551 |
T9521 |
T9522 |
nsubj |
mechanism,apply |
R6552 |
T9523 |
T9522 |
aux |
may,apply |
R6553 |
T9524 |
T9522 |
prep |
to,apply |
R6554 |
T9525 |
T9526 |
det |
the,transformation |
R6555 |
T9526 |
T9524 |
pobj |
transformation,to |
R6556 |
T9527 |
T9526 |
amod |
apparent,transformation |
R6557 |
T9528 |
T9526 |
amod |
dorsal,transformation |
R6558 |
T9529 |
T9528 |
punct |
-,dorsal |
R6559 |
T9530 |
T9528 |
prep |
to,dorsal |
R6560 |
T9531 |
T9530 |
punct |
-,to |
R6561 |
T9532 |
T9530 |
amod |
ventral,to |
R6562 |
T9533 |
T9526 |
prep |
in,transformation |
R6563 |
T9534 |
T9535 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R6564 |
T9535 |
T9537 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R6565 |
T9536 |
T9535 |
punct |
/,deH |
R6566 |
T9537 |
T9533 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R6567 |
T9538 |
T9522 |
punct |
.,apply |
R6568 |
T9540 |
T9541 |
prep |
For,be |
R6569 |
T9542 |
T9540 |
pobj |
example,For |
R6570 |
T9543 |
T9541 |
punct |
", ",be |
R6571 |
T9544 |
T9545 |
mark |
while,traced |
R6572 |
T9545 |
T9541 |
advcl |
traced,be |
R6573 |
T9546 |
T9547 |
det |
the,domain |
R6574 |
T9547 |
T9545 |
nsubjpass |
domain,traced |
R6575 |
T9548 |
T9547 |
amod |
expanded,domain |
R6576 |
T9549 |
T9547 |
prep |
of,domain |
R6577 |
T9550 |
T9551 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R6578 |
T9551 |
T9549 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R6579 |
T9552 |
T9547 |
prep |
in,domain |
R6580 |
T9553 |
T9554 |
amod |
postnatal,animals |
R6581 |
T9554 |
T9552 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R6582 |
T9555 |
T9556 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R6583 |
T9556 |
T9554 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R6584 |
T9557 |
T9556 |
punct |
/,deH |
R6585 |
T9558 |
T9545 |
aux |
can,traced |
R6586 |
T9559 |
T9545 |
auxpass |
be,traced |
R6587 |
T9560 |
T9545 |
prep |
to,traced |
R6588 |
T9561 |
T9560 |
pobj |
events,to |
R6589 |
T9562 |
T9563 |
dep |
that,occur |
R6590 |
T9563 |
T9561 |
relcl |
occur,events |
R6591 |
T9564 |
T9563 |
prep |
between,occur |
R6592 |
T9565 |
T9564 |
pobj |
E11.5,between |
R6593 |
T9566 |
T9565 |
cc |
and,E11.5 |
R6594 |
T9567 |
T9565 |
conj |
E13.5,E11.5 |
R6595 |
T9568 |
T9541 |
punct |
", ",be |
R6596 |
T9569 |
T9570 |
det |
the,cause |
R6597 |
T9570 |
T9541 |
nsubj |
cause,be |
R6598 |
T9571 |
T9570 |
amod |
underlying,cause |
R6599 |
T9572 |
T9541 |
aux |
may,be |
R6600 |
T9573 |
T9574 |
mark |
that,acquire |
R6601 |
T9574 |
T9541 |
advcl |
acquire,be |
R6602 |
T9575 |
T9576 |
amod |
embryonic,cells |
R6603 |
T9576 |
T9574 |
nsubj |
cells,acquire |
R6604 |
T9577 |
T9576 |
prep |
in,cells |
R6605 |
T9578 |
T9579 |
amod |
dorsolateral,mesenchyme |
R6606 |
T9579 |
T9577 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R6607 |
T9580 |
T9581 |
det |
a,identity |
R6608 |
T9581 |
T9574 |
dobj |
identity,acquire |
R6609 |
T9582 |
T9581 |
amod |
ventral,identity |
R6610 |
T9583 |
T9582 |
cc |
rather,ventral |
R6611 |
T9584 |
T9583 |
dep |
than,rather |
R6612 |
T9585 |
T9582 |
conj |
dorsal,ventral |
R6613 |
T9586 |
T9574 |
cc |
or,acquire |
R6614 |
T9587 |
T9588 |
mark |
that,fail |
R6615 |
T9588 |
T9574 |
conj |
fail,acquire |
R6616 |
T9589 |
T9590 |
det |
those,cells |
R6617 |
T9590 |
T9588 |
nsubj |
cells,fail |
R6618 |
T9591 |
T9592 |
aux |
to,proliferate |
R6619 |
T9592 |
T9588 |
xcomp |
proliferate,fail |
R6620 |
T9593 |
T9592 |
advmod |
normally,proliferate |
R6621 |
T9594 |
T9588 |
punct |
", ",fail |
R6622 |
T9595 |
T9588 |
advcl |
followed,fail |
R6623 |
T9596 |
T9595 |
agent |
by,followed |
R6624 |
T9597 |
T9598 |
amod |
compensatory,expansion |
R6625 |
T9598 |
T9596 |
pobj |
expansion,by |
R6626 |
T9599 |
T9598 |
prep |
of,expansion |
R6627 |
T9600 |
T9601 |
amod |
ventral,cells |
R6628 |
T9601 |
T9599 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R6629 |
T9602 |
T9541 |
punct |
.,be |
R6630 |
T9604 |
T9605 |
compound |
Cell,lineage |
R6631 |
T9605 |
T9606 |
compound |
lineage,studies |
R6632 |
T9606 |
T9607 |
nsubj |
studies,provide |
R6633 |
T9608 |
T9607 |
aux |
should,provide |
R6634 |
T9609 |
T9610 |
det |
a,answer |
R6635 |
T9610 |
T9607 |
dobj |
answer,provide |
R6636 |
T9611 |
T9610 |
amod |
definitive,answer |
R6637 |
T9612 |
T9607 |
punct |
", ",provide |
R6638 |
T9613 |
T9607 |
cc |
but,provide |
R6639 |
T9614 |
T9615 |
nsubj |
we,favor |
R6640 |
T9615 |
T9607 |
conj |
favor,provide |
R6641 |
T9616 |
T9617 |
det |
the,hypothesis |
R6642 |
T9617 |
T9615 |
dobj |
hypothesis,favor |
R6643 |
T9618 |
T9617 |
amod |
latter,hypothesis |
R6644 |
T9619 |
T9615 |
punct |
", ",favor |
R6645 |
T9620 |
T9621 |
mark |
because,revealed |
R6646 |
T9621 |
T9615 |
advcl |
revealed,favor |
R6647 |
T9622 |
T9621 |
nsubj |
measurements,revealed |
R6648 |
T9623 |
T9622 |
prep |
of,measurements |
R6649 |
T9624 |
T9625 |
amod |
dorsoventral,regions |
R6650 |
T9625 |
T9623 |
pobj |
regions,of |
R6651 |
T9626 |
T9622 |
prep |
according,measurements |
R6652 |
T9627 |
T9626 |
prep |
to,according |
R6653 |
T9628 |
T9629 |
compound |
hair,color |
R6654 |
T9629 |
T9627 |
pobj |
color,to |
R6655 |
T9630 |
T9629 |
prep |
in,color |
R6656 |
T9631 |
T9632 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R6657 |
T9632 |
T9634 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R6658 |
T9633 |
T9632 |
punct |
/,deH |
R6659 |
T9634 |
T9630 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R6660 |
T9635 |
T9636 |
det |
a,increase |
R6661 |
T9636 |
T9621 |
dobj |
increase,revealed |
R6662 |
T9637 |
T9636 |
amod |
small,increase |
R6663 |
T9638 |
T9636 |
prep |
of,increase |
R6664 |
T9639 |
T9640 |
det |
the,region |
R6665 |
T9640 |
T9638 |
pobj |
region,of |
R6666 |
T9641 |
T9642 |
amod |
cream,colored |
R6667 |
T9642 |
T9640 |
amod |
colored,region |
R6668 |
T9643 |
T9642 |
punct |
-,colored |
R6669 |
T9644 |
T9640 |
amod |
ventral,region |
R6670 |
T9645 |
T9621 |
prep |
in,revealed |
R6671 |
T9646 |
T9645 |
pobj |
addition,in |
R6672 |
T9647 |
T9646 |
prep |
to,addition |
R6673 |
T9648 |
T9649 |
det |
the,doubling |
R6674 |
T9649 |
T9647 |
pobj |
doubling,to |
R6675 |
T9650 |
T9649 |
amod |
approximate,doubling |
R6676 |
T9651 |
T9649 |
prep |
of,doubling |
R6677 |
T9652 |
T9653 |
det |
the,region |
R6678 |
T9653 |
T9651 |
pobj |
region,of |
R6679 |
T9654 |
T9653 |
amod |
yellow,region |
R6680 |
T9655 |
T9653 |
compound |
flank,region |
R6681 |
T9656 |
T9657 |
punct |
(,see |
R6682 |
T9657 |
T9621 |
parataxis |
see,revealed |
R6683 |
T9658 |
T9657 |
dobj |
Figure,see |
R6684 |
T9659 |
T9658 |
nummod |
2,Figure |
R6685 |
T9660 |
T9657 |
punct |
),see |
R6686 |
T9661 |
T9615 |
punct |
.,favor |
R6687 |
T9663 |
T9664 |
prep |
In,are |
R6688 |
T9665 |
T9666 |
amod |
embryonic,mesenchyme |
R6689 |
T9666 |
T9663 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,In |
R6690 |
T9667 |
T9664 |
punct |
", ",are |
R6691 |
T9668 |
T9664 |
nsubj |
expression,are |
R6692 |
T9669 |
T9668 |
prep |
of,expression |
R6693 |
T9670 |
T9669 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6694 |
T9671 |
T9670 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R6695 |
T9672 |
T9670 |
conj |
Agouti,Tbx15 |
R6696 |
T9673 |
T9664 |
acomp |
complementary,are |
R6697 |
T9674 |
T9664 |
punct |
", ",are |
R6698 |
T9675 |
T9664 |
cc |
and,are |
R6699 |
T9676 |
T9677 |
nsubj |
it,is |
R6700 |
T9677 |
T9664 |
conj |
is,are |
R6701 |
T9678 |
T9677 |
acomp |
possible,is |
R6702 |
T9679 |
T9680 |
mark |
that,acts |
R6703 |
T9680 |
T9677 |
ccomp |
acts,is |
R6704 |
T9681 |
T9680 |
nsubj |
Tbx15,acts |
R6705 |
T9682 |
T9680 |
advmod |
directly,acts |
R6706 |
T9683 |
T9684 |
aux |
to,inhibit |
R6707 |
T9684 |
T9680 |
advcl |
inhibit,acts |
R6708 |
T9685 |
T9686 |
compound |
Agouti,transcription |
R6709 |
T9686 |
T9684 |
dobj |
transcription,inhibit |
R6710 |
T9687 |
T9684 |
prep |
in,inhibit |
R6711 |
T9688 |
T9689 |
amod |
dorsolateral,mesenchyme |
R6712 |
T9689 |
T9687 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R6713 |
T9690 |
T9664 |
punct |
.,are |
R6714 |
T9692 |
T9693 |
advmod |
However,is |
R6715 |
T9694 |
T9693 |
punct |
", ",is |
R6716 |
T9695 |
T9696 |
det |
the,ability |
R6717 |
T9696 |
T9693 |
nsubj |
ability,is |
R6718 |
T9697 |
T9696 |
prep |
of,ability |
R6719 |
T9698 |
T9697 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6720 |
T9699 |
T9700 |
aux |
to,suppress |
R6721 |
T9700 |
T9696 |
acl |
suppress,ability |
R6722 |
T9701 |
T9700 |
dobj |
expression,suppress |
R6723 |
T9702 |
T9701 |
prep |
of,expression |
R6724 |
T9703 |
T9704 |
det |
the,isoform |
R6725 |
T9704 |
T9702 |
pobj |
isoform,of |
R6726 |
T9705 |
T9706 |
amod |
ventral,specific |
R6727 |
T9706 |
T9704 |
amod |
specific,isoform |
R6728 |
T9707 |
T9706 |
punct |
-,specific |
R6729 |
T9708 |
T9704 |
compound |
Agouti,isoform |
R6730 |
T9709 |
T9700 |
prep |
in,suppress |
R6731 |
T9710 |
T9711 |
amod |
postnatal,mice |
R6732 |
T9711 |
T9709 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R6733 |
T9712 |
T9693 |
acomp |
likely,is |
R6734 |
T9713 |
T9714 |
aux |
to,be |
R6735 |
T9714 |
T9712 |
xcomp |
be,likely |
R6736 |
T9715 |
T9714 |
acomp |
indirect,be |
R6737 |
T9716 |
T9693 |
punct |
", ",is |
R6738 |
T9717 |
T9718 |
mark |
since,occurs |
R6739 |
T9718 |
T9693 |
advcl |
occurs,is |
R6740 |
T9719 |
T9720 |
amod |
postnatal,expression |
R6741 |
T9720 |
T9718 |
nsubj |
expression,occurs |
R6742 |
T9721 |
T9720 |
prep |
of,expression |
R6743 |
T9722 |
T9721 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6744 |
T9723 |
T9718 |
advmod |
broadly,occurs |
R6745 |
T9724 |
T9718 |
prep |
along,occurs |
R6746 |
T9725 |
T9726 |
det |
the,axis |
R6747 |
T9726 |
T9724 |
pobj |
axis,along |
R6748 |
T9727 |
T9726 |
amod |
dorsoventral,axis |
R6749 |
T9728 |
T9718 |
cc |
and,occurs |
R6750 |
T9729 |
T9718 |
conj |
overlaps,occurs |
R6751 |
T9730 |
T9729 |
advmod |
extensively,overlaps |
R6752 |
T9731 |
T9729 |
prep |
with,overlaps |
R6753 |
T9732 |
T9731 |
pobj |
that,with |
R6754 |
T9733 |
T9732 |
prep |
of,that |
R6755 |
T9734 |
T9733 |
pobj |
Agouti,of |
R6756 |
T9735 |
T9693 |
punct |
.,is |
R6757 |
T9737 |
T9738 |
prep |
In,include |
R6758 |
T9739 |
T9740 |
det |
either,case |
R6759 |
T9740 |
T9737 |
pobj |
case,In |
R6760 |
T9741 |
T9738 |
punct |
", ",include |
R6761 |
T9742 |
T9743 |
det |
the,targets |
R6762 |
T9743 |
T9738 |
nsubj |
targets,include |
R6763 |
T9744 |
T9743 |
prep |
of,targets |
R6764 |
T9745 |
T9746 |
compound |
Tbx15,action |
R6765 |
T9746 |
T9744 |
pobj |
action,of |
R6766 |
T9747 |
T9743 |
prep |
in,targets |
R6767 |
T9748 |
T9749 |
det |
the,skin |
R6768 |
T9749 |
T9747 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R6769 |
T9750 |
T9738 |
dobj |
genes,include |
R6770 |
T9751 |
T9738 |
prep |
in,include |
R6771 |
T9752 |
T9751 |
pobj |
addition,in |
R6772 |
T9753 |
T9752 |
prep |
to,addition |
R6773 |
T9754 |
T9753 |
pobj |
Agouti,to |
R6774 |
T9755 |
T9738 |
punct |
", ",include |
R6775 |
T9756 |
T9757 |
mark |
since,exhibit |
R6776 |
T9757 |
T9738 |
advcl |
exhibit,include |
R6777 |
T9758 |
T9759 |
compound |
hair,length |
R6778 |
T9759 |
T9757 |
nsubj |
length,exhibit |
R6779 |
T9760 |
T9759 |
cc |
and,length |
R6780 |
T9761 |
T9762 |
compound |
melanocyte,distribution |
R6781 |
T9762 |
T9759 |
conj |
distribution,length |
R6782 |
T9763 |
T9764 |
det |
a,alteration |
R6783 |
T9764 |
T9757 |
dobj |
alteration,exhibit |
R6784 |
T9765 |
T9764 |
amod |
demonstrable,alteration |
R6785 |
T9766 |
T9765 |
punct |
", ",demonstrable |
R6786 |
T9767 |
T9765 |
cc |
albeit,demonstrable |
R6787 |
T9768 |
T9765 |
conj |
subtle,demonstrable |
R6788 |
T9769 |
T9764 |
punct |
", ",alteration |
R6789 |
T9770 |
T9757 |
prep |
in,exhibit |
R6790 |
T9771 |
T9770 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R6791 |
T9772 |
T9773 |
dep |
that,carry |
R6792 |
T9773 |
T9771 |
relcl |
carry,animals |
R6793 |
T9774 |
T9775 |
det |
a,allele |
R6794 |
T9775 |
T9773 |
dobj |
allele,carry |
R6795 |
T9776 |
T9775 |
amod |
null,allele |
R6796 |
T9777 |
T9775 |
compound |
Agouti,allele |
R6797 |
T9778 |
T9738 |
punct |
.,include |
R6798 |
T9780 |
T9781 |
nummod |
One,target |
R6799 |
T9781 |
T9783 |
nsubj |
target,is |
R6800 |
T9782 |
T9781 |
amod |
potential,target |
R6801 |
T9784 |
T9783 |
attr |
Alx4,is |
R6802 |
T9785 |
T9784 |
punct |
", ",Alx4 |
R6803 |
T9786 |
T9787 |
dep |
which,expressed |
R6804 |
T9787 |
T9784 |
relcl |
expressed,Alx4 |
R6805 |
T9788 |
T9787 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R6806 |
T9789 |
T9787 |
prep |
like,expressed |
R6807 |
T9790 |
T9789 |
pobj |
Agouti,like |
R6808 |
T9791 |
T9787 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R6809 |
T9792 |
T9787 |
auxpass |
is,expressed |
R6810 |
T9793 |
T9787 |
prep |
in,expressed |
R6811 |
T9794 |
T9795 |
amod |
ventral,mesenchyme |
R6812 |
T9795 |
T9793 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R6813 |
T9796 |
T9795 |
amod |
embryonic,mesenchyme |
R6814 |
T9797 |
T9787 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R6815 |
T9798 |
T9787 |
cc |
and,expressed |
R6816 |
T9799 |
T9787 |
punct |
", ",expressed |
R6817 |
T9800 |
T9801 |
advmod |
when,mutated |
R6818 |
T9801 |
T9802 |
advcl |
mutated,affects |
R6819 |
T9802 |
T9787 |
conj |
affects,expressed |
R6820 |
T9803 |
T9802 |
punct |
", ",affects |
R6821 |
T9804 |
T9805 |
nmod |
hair,follicle |
R6822 |
T9805 |
T9807 |
nmod |
follicle,development |
R6823 |
T9806 |
T9805 |
punct |
-,follicle |
R6824 |
T9807 |
T9802 |
dobj |
development,affects |
R6825 |
T9808 |
T9809 |
advmod |
as,as |
R6826 |
T9809 |
T9805 |
cc |
as,follicle |
R6827 |
T9810 |
T9809 |
advmod |
well,as |
R6828 |
T9811 |
T9805 |
conj |
limb,follicle |
R6829 |
T9812 |
T9811 |
cc |
and,limb |
R6830 |
T9813 |
T9811 |
conj |
craniofacial,limb |
R6831 |
T9814 |
T9815 |
punct |
(,Qu |
R6832 |
T9815 |
T9783 |
meta |
Qu,is |
R6833 |
T9816 |
T9815 |
nmod |
et,Qu |
R6834 |
T9817 |
T9815 |
nmod |
al.,Qu |
R6835 |
T9818 |
T9815 |
nummod |
1997,Qu |
R6836 |
T9819 |
T9815 |
punct |
", ",Qu |
R6837 |
T9820 |
T9815 |
nummod |
1998,Qu |
R6838 |
T9821 |
T9815 |
punct |
;,Qu |
R6839 |
T9822 |
T9815 |
nmod |
Wu,Qu |
R6840 |
T9823 |
T9815 |
nmod |
et,Qu |
R6841 |
T9824 |
T9815 |
nmod |
al.,Qu |
R6842 |
T9825 |
T9815 |
nummod |
2000,Qu |
R6843 |
T9826 |
T9815 |
punct |
;,Qu |
R6844 |
T9827 |
T9815 |
nmod |
Wuyts,Qu |
R6845 |
T9828 |
T9815 |
nmod |
et,Qu |
R6846 |
T9829 |
T9815 |
nmod |
al.,Qu |
R6847 |
T9830 |
T9815 |
nummod |
2000,Qu |
R6848 |
T9831 |
T9815 |
punct |
;,Qu |
R6849 |
T9832 |
T9815 |
nmod |
Mavrogiannis,Qu |
R6850 |
T9833 |
T9815 |
nmod |
et,Qu |
R6851 |
T9834 |
T9815 |
nmod |
al.,Qu |
R6852 |
T9835 |
T9815 |
nummod |
2001,Qu |
R6853 |
T9836 |
T9815 |
punct |
),Qu |
R6854 |
T9837 |
T9783 |
punct |
.,is |
R6855 |
T9839 |
T9840 |
advmod |
However,appears |
R6856 |
T9841 |
T9840 |
punct |
", ",appears |
R6857 |
T9842 |
T9840 |
nsubj |
expression,appears |
R6858 |
T9843 |
T9842 |
prep |
of,expression |
R6859 |
T9844 |
T9845 |
amod |
ventral,markers |
R6860 |
T9845 |
T9843 |
pobj |
markers,of |
R6861 |
T9846 |
T9847 |
amod |
such,as |
R6862 |
T9847 |
T9845 |
prep |
as,markers |
R6863 |
T9848 |
T9847 |
pobj |
Alx4,as |
R6864 |
T9849 |
T9848 |
punct |
", ",Alx4 |
R6865 |
T9850 |
T9851 |
advmod |
as,as |
R6866 |
T9851 |
T9848 |
cc |
as,Alx4 |
R6867 |
T9852 |
T9851 |
advmod |
well,as |
R6868 |
T9853 |
T9848 |
conj |
Alx3,Alx4 |
R6869 |
T9854 |
T9853 |
cc |
and,Alx3 |
R6870 |
T9855 |
T9853 |
conj |
Msx2,Alx3 |
R6871 |
T9856 |
T9840 |
punct |
", ",appears |
R6872 |
T9857 |
T9858 |
aux |
to,be |
R6873 |
T9858 |
T9840 |
xcomp |
be,appears |
R6874 |
T9859 |
T9858 |
acomp |
unaffected,be |
R6875 |
T9860 |
T9858 |
prep |
at,be |
R6876 |
T9861 |
T9860 |
pobj |
E11.5,at |
R6877 |
T9862 |
T9858 |
prep |
in,be |
R6878 |
T9863 |
T9864 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R6879 |
T9864 |
T9866 |
compound |
deH,embryos |
R6880 |
T9865 |
T9864 |
punct |
/,deH |
R6881 |
T9866 |
T9862 |
pobj |
embryos,in |
R6882 |
T9867 |
T9868 |
punct |
(,shown |
R6883 |
T9868 |
T9858 |
parataxis |
shown,be |
R6884 |
T9869 |
T9868 |
nsubj |
data,shown |
R6885 |
T9870 |
T9868 |
neg |
not,shown |
R6886 |
T9871 |
T9868 |
punct |
),shown |
R6887 |
T9872 |
T9840 |
punct |
.,appears |
R6896 |
T10220 |
T10219 |
cc |
and,Differences |
R6897 |
T10221 |
T10219 |
conj |
Similarities,Differences |
R6898 |
T10222 |
T10219 |
prep |
to,Differences |
R6899 |
T10223 |
T10224 |
amod |
Dorsoventral,Patterning |
R6900 |
T10224 |
T10222 |
pobj |
Patterning,to |
R6901 |
T10225 |
T10224 |
compound |
Limb,Patterning |
R6902 |
T10227 |
T10228 |
nsubj |
Loss,affects |
R6903 |
T10229 |
T10227 |
prep |
of,Loss |
R6904 |
T10230 |
T10229 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R6905 |
T10231 |
T10228 |
advmod |
also,affects |
R6906 |
T10232 |
T10233 |
amod |
regional,distribution |
R6907 |
T10233 |
T10228 |
dobj |
distribution,affects |
R6908 |
T10234 |
T10233 |
prep |
of,distribution |
R6909 |
T10235 |
T10236 |
compound |
hair,color |
R6910 |
T10236 |
T10234 |
pobj |
color,of |
R6911 |
T10237 |
T10233 |
prep |
in,distribution |
R6912 |
T10238 |
T10239 |
det |
the,limbs |
R6913 |
T10239 |
T10237 |
pobj |
limbs,in |
R6914 |
T10240 |
T10228 |
punct |
", ",affects |
R6915 |
T10241 |
T10228 |
prep |
with,affects |
R6916 |
T10242 |
T10243 |
nsubj |
areas,giving |
R6917 |
T10243 |
T10241 |
pcomp |
giving,with |
R6918 |
T10244 |
T10245 |
dep |
that,produce |
R6919 |
T10245 |
T10242 |
relcl |
produce,areas |
R6920 |
T10246 |
T10245 |
aux |
would,produce |
R6921 |
T10247 |
T10245 |
advmod |
normally,produce |
R6922 |
T10248 |
T10249 |
amod |
black,hair |
R6923 |
T10249 |
T10245 |
dobj |
hair,produce |
R6924 |
T10250 |
T10243 |
dobj |
rise,giving |
R6925 |
T10251 |
T10243 |
prep |
to,giving |
R6926 |
T10252 |
T10253 |
amod |
yellow,hair |
R6927 |
T10253 |
T10251 |
pobj |
hair,to |
R6928 |
T10254 |
T10243 |
advmod |
instead,giving |
R6929 |
T10255 |
T10228 |
punct |
.,affects |
R6930 |
T10257 |
T10258 |
advmod |
However,correspond |
R6931 |
T10259 |
T10258 |
punct |
", ",correspond |
R6932 |
T10260 |
T10261 |
preconj |
neither,patterns |
R6933 |
T10261 |
T10258 |
nsubj |
patterns,correspond |
R6934 |
T10262 |
T10261 |
amod |
normal,patterns |
R6935 |
T10263 |
T10261 |
prep |
of,patterns |
R6936 |
T10264 |
T10265 |
amod |
pigment,type |
R6937 |
T10265 |
T10267 |
compound |
type,synthesis |
R6938 |
T10266 |
T10265 |
punct |
-,type |
R6939 |
T10267 |
T10263 |
pobj |
synthesis,of |
R6940 |
T10268 |
T10261 |
prep |
in,patterns |
R6941 |
T10269 |
T10270 |
det |
the,limb |
R6942 |
T10270 |
T10268 |
pobj |
limb,in |
R6943 |
T10271 |
T10261 |
cc |
nor,patterns |
R6944 |
T10272 |
T10273 |
poss |
their,disruption |
R6945 |
T10273 |
T10261 |
conj |
disruption,patterns |
R6946 |
T10274 |
T10273 |
prep |
in,disruption |
R6947 |
T10275 |
T10276 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R6948 |
T10276 |
T10278 |
compound |
deH,mice |
R6949 |
T10277 |
T10276 |
punct |
/,deH |
R6950 |
T10278 |
T10274 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R6951 |
T10279 |
T10258 |
prep |
to,correspond |
R6952 |
T10280 |
T10281 |
amod |
obvious,compartments |
R6953 |
T10281 |
T10279 |
pobj |
compartments,to |
R6954 |
T10282 |
T10281 |
amod |
developmental,compartments |
R6955 |
T10283 |
T10258 |
punct |
.,correspond |
R6956 |
T10285 |
T10286 |
advmod |
Furthermore,have |
R6957 |
T10287 |
T10286 |
punct |
", ",have |
R6958 |
T10288 |
T10286 |
nsubj |
losses,have |
R6959 |
T10289 |
T10288 |
prep |
of,losses |
R6960 |
T10290 |
T10289 |
pobj |
function,of |
R6961 |
T10291 |
T10288 |
prep |
for,losses |
R6962 |
T10292 |
T10291 |
pobj |
En1,for |
R6963 |
T10293 |
T10292 |
cc |
or,En1 |
R6964 |
T10294 |
T10292 |
conj |
Wnt7a,En1 |
R6965 |
T10295 |
T10288 |
punct |
", ",losses |
R6966 |
T10296 |
T10297 |
dep |
which,cause |
R6967 |
T10297 |
T10288 |
relcl |
cause,losses |
R6968 |
T10298 |
T10299 |
det |
a,transformation |
R6969 |
T10299 |
T10297 |
dobj |
transformation,cause |
R6970 |
T10300 |
T10299 |
amod |
partial,transformation |
R6971 |
T10301 |
T10299 |
prep |
of,transformation |
R6972 |
T10302 |
T10303 |
det |
the,limb |
R6973 |
T10303 |
T10301 |
pobj |
limb,of |
R6974 |
T10304 |
T10303 |
amod |
distal,limb |
R6975 |
T10305 |
T10299 |
prep |
from,transformation |
R6976 |
T10306 |
T10305 |
pobj |
dorsum,from |
R6977 |
T10307 |
T10305 |
prep |
to,from |
R6978 |
T10308 |
T10307 |
pobj |
ventrum,to |
R6979 |
T10309 |
T10310 |
punct |
(,Loomis |
R6980 |
T10310 |
T10305 |
meta |
Loomis,from |
R6981 |
T10311 |
T10310 |
nmod |
et,Loomis |
R6982 |
T10312 |
T10310 |
nmod |
al.,Loomis |
R6983 |
T10313 |
T10310 |
nummod |
1996,Loomis |
R6984 |
T10314 |
T10310 |
punct |
),Loomis |
R6985 |
T10315 |
T10305 |
cc |
or,from |
R6986 |
T10316 |
T10317 |
npadvmod |
ventrum,to |
R6987 |
T10317 |
T10305 |
conj |
to,from |
R6988 |
T10318 |
T10317 |
pobj |
dorsum,to |
R6989 |
T10319 |
T10320 |
punct |
(,Parr |
R6990 |
T10320 |
T10317 |
meta |
Parr,to |
R6991 |
T10321 |
T10320 |
cc |
and,Parr |
R6992 |
T10322 |
T10320 |
conj |
McMahon,Parr |
R6993 |
T10323 |
T10322 |
nummod |
1995,McMahon |
R6994 |
T10324 |
T10322 |
punct |
),McMahon |
R6995 |
T10325 |
T10297 |
punct |
", ",cause |
R6996 |
T10326 |
T10297 |
advmod |
respectively,cause |
R6997 |
T10327 |
T10286 |
punct |
", ",have |
R6998 |
T10328 |
T10329 |
det |
no,effect |
R6999 |
T10329 |
T10286 |
dobj |
effect,have |
R7000 |
T10330 |
T10329 |
prep |
on,effect |
R7001 |
T10331 |
T10332 |
amod |
regional,patterns |
R7002 |
T10332 |
T10330 |
pobj |
patterns,on |
R7003 |
T10333 |
T10332 |
prep |
of,patterns |
R7004 |
T10334 |
T10335 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R7005 |
T10335 |
T10333 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R7006 |
T10336 |
T10332 |
cc |
or,patterns |
R7007 |
T10337 |
T10332 |
conj |
distribution,patterns |
R7008 |
T10338 |
T10337 |
prep |
of,distribution |
R7009 |
T10339 |
T10340 |
compound |
hair,color |
R7010 |
T10340 |
T10342 |
compound |
color,regions |
R7011 |
T10341 |
T10340 |
punct |
-,color |
R7012 |
T10342 |
T10338 |
pobj |
regions,of |
R7013 |
T10343 |
T10344 |
punct |
(,Y. |
R7014 |
T10344 |
T10286 |
meta |
Y.,have |
R7015 |
T10345 |
T10344 |
nmod |
Chen,Y. |
R7016 |
T10346 |
T10344 |
punct |
", ",Y. |
R7017 |
T10347 |
T10344 |
amod |
unpublished,Y. |
R7018 |
T10348 |
T10344 |
nmod |
data,Y. |
R7019 |
T10349 |
T10344 |
punct |
),Y. |
R7020 |
T10350 |
T10286 |
punct |
.,have |
R7021 |
T10352 |
T10353 |
punct |
(,is |
R7022 |
T10354 |
T10355 |
amod |
Ectopic,pigmentation |
R7023 |
T10355 |
T10353 |
nsubj |
pigmentation,is |
R7024 |
T10356 |
T10355 |
prep |
of,pigmentation |
R7025 |
T10357 |
T10358 |
det |
the,footpads |
R7026 |
T10358 |
T10356 |
pobj |
footpads,of |
R7027 |
T10359 |
T10358 |
amod |
ventral,footpads |
R7028 |
T10360 |
T10361 |
dep |
that,develops |
R7029 |
T10361 |
T10355 |
relcl |
develops,pigmentation |
R7030 |
T10362 |
T10361 |
prep |
in,develops |
R7031 |
T10363 |
T10364 |
compound |
En1,mice |
R7032 |
T10364 |
T10362 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R7033 |
T10365 |
T10364 |
compound |
mutant,mice |
R7034 |
T10366 |
T10353 |
acomp |
unrelated,is |
R7035 |
T10367 |
T10366 |
prep |
to,unrelated |
R7036 |
T10368 |
T10369 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R7037 |
T10369 |
T10371 |
compound |
type,synthesis |
R7038 |
T10370 |
T10369 |
punct |
-,type |
R7039 |
T10371 |
T10367 |
pobj |
synthesis,to |
R7040 |
T10372 |
T10353 |
cc |
and,is |
R7041 |
T10373 |
T10374 |
advmod |
instead,reflects |
R7042 |
T10374 |
T10353 |
conj |
reflects,is |
R7043 |
T10375 |
T10374 |
advmod |
likely,reflects |
R7044 |
T10376 |
T10377 |
det |
a,requirement |
R7045 |
T10377 |
T10374 |
dobj |
requirement,reflects |
R7046 |
T10378 |
T10377 |
prep |
for,requirement |
R7047 |
T10379 |
T10378 |
pobj |
En1,for |
R7048 |
T10380 |
T10377 |
punct |
", ",requirement |
R7049 |
T10381 |
T10377 |
amod |
independent,requirement |
R7050 |
T10382 |
T10381 |
prep |
of,independent |
R7051 |
T10383 |
T10382 |
pobj |
Wnt7a,of |
R7052 |
T10384 |
T10377 |
punct |
", ",requirement |
R7053 |
T10385 |
T10386 |
aux |
to,repress |
R7054 |
T10386 |
T10377 |
acl |
repress,requirement |
R7055 |
T10387 |
T10386 |
dobj |
migration,repress |
R7056 |
T10388 |
T10387 |
cc |
or,migration |
R7057 |
T10389 |
T10387 |
conj |
proliferation,migration |
R7058 |
T10390 |
T10387 |
punct |
(,migration |
R7059 |
T10391 |
T10387 |
cc |
or,migration |
R7060 |
T10392 |
T10387 |
conj |
both,migration |
R7061 |
T10393 |
T10392 |
punct |
),both |
R7062 |
T10394 |
T10387 |
prep |
of,migration |
R7063 |
T10395 |
T10396 |
compound |
pigment,cells |
R7064 |
T10396 |
T10394 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R7065 |
T10397 |
T10387 |
prep |
in,migration |
R7066 |
T10398 |
T10399 |
amod |
ventral,epidermis |
R7067 |
T10399 |
T10397 |
pobj |
epidermis,in |
R7068 |
T10400 |
T10401 |
punct |
[,Cygan |
R7069 |
T10401 |
T10374 |
meta |
Cygan,reflects |
R7070 |
T10402 |
T10401 |
nmod |
et,Cygan |
R7071 |
T10403 |
T10401 |
nmod |
al.,Cygan |
R7072 |
T10404 |
T10401 |
nummod |
1997,Cygan |
R7073 |
T10405 |
T10401 |
punct |
;,Cygan |
R7074 |
T10406 |
T10401 |
nmod |
Loomis,Cygan |
R7075 |
T10407 |
T10401 |
nmod |
et,Cygan |
R7076 |
T10408 |
T10401 |
nmod |
al.,Cygan |
R7077 |
T10409 |
T10401 |
nummod |
1998,Cygan |
R7078 |
T10410 |
T10401 |
punct |
],Cygan |
R7079 |
T10411 |
T10353 |
punct |
.,is |
R7080 |
T10412 |
T10353 |
punct |
),is |
R7081 |
T10414 |
T10415 |
det |
These,considerations |
R7082 |
T10415 |
T10416 |
nsubj |
considerations,notwithstanding |
R7083 |
T10416 |
T10417 |
advcl |
notwithstanding,shares |
R7084 |
T10418 |
T10417 |
punct |
", ",shares |
R7085 |
T10419 |
T10417 |
nsubj |
control,shares |
R7086 |
T10420 |
T10419 |
prep |
of,control |
R7087 |
T10421 |
T10422 |
amod |
dorsoventral,pattern |
R7088 |
T10422 |
T10420 |
pobj |
pattern,of |
R7089 |
T10423 |
T10422 |
compound |
trunk,pattern |
R7090 |
T10424 |
T10419 |
prep |
by,control |
R7091 |
T10425 |
T10424 |
pobj |
Tbx15,by |
R7092 |
T10426 |
T10427 |
amod |
certain,features |
R7093 |
T10427 |
T10417 |
dobj |
features,shares |
R7094 |
T10428 |
T10417 |
prep |
with,shares |
R7095 |
T10429 |
T10428 |
pobj |
control,with |
R7096 |
T10430 |
T10429 |
prep |
of,control |
R7097 |
T10431 |
T10432 |
amod |
dorsoventral,patterning |
R7098 |
T10432 |
T10430 |
pobj |
patterning,of |
R7099 |
T10433 |
T10432 |
compound |
limb,patterning |
R7100 |
T10434 |
T10429 |
prep |
by,control |
R7101 |
T10435 |
T10434 |
pobj |
Lmx1b,by |
R7102 |
T10436 |
T10435 |
punct |
", ",Lmx1b |
R7103 |
T10437 |
T10438 |
det |
a,factor |
R7104 |
T10438 |
T10435 |
appos |
factor,Lmx1b |
R7105 |
T10439 |
T10440 |
compound |
LIM,domain |
R7106 |
T10440 |
T10438 |
compound |
domain,factor |
R7107 |
T10441 |
T10438 |
compound |
transcription,factor |
R7108 |
T10442 |
T10443 |
dep |
that,acts |
R7109 |
T10443 |
T10438 |
relcl |
acts,factor |
R7110 |
T10444 |
T10443 |
advmod |
downstream,acts |
R7111 |
T10445 |
T10444 |
prep |
of,downstream |
R7112 |
T10446 |
T10445 |
pobj |
Wnt7a,of |
R7113 |
T10447 |
T10446 |
cc |
and,Wnt7a |
R7114 |
T10448 |
T10446 |
conj |
En1,Wnt7a |
R7115 |
T10449 |
T10450 |
punct |
(,Riddle |
R7116 |
T10450 |
T10429 |
meta |
Riddle,control |
R7117 |
T10451 |
T10450 |
nmod |
et,Riddle |
R7118 |
T10452 |
T10450 |
nmod |
al.,Riddle |
R7119 |
T10453 |
T10450 |
nummod |
1995,Riddle |
R7120 |
T10454 |
T10450 |
punct |
;,Riddle |
R7121 |
T10455 |
T10450 |
conj |
Vogel,Riddle |
R7122 |
T10456 |
T10455 |
nmod |
et,Vogel |
R7123 |
T10457 |
T10455 |
nmod |
al.,Vogel |
R7124 |
T10458 |
T10455 |
nummod |
1995,Vogel |
R7125 |
T10459 |
T10455 |
punct |
;,Vogel |
R7126 |
T10460 |
T10455 |
conj |
Cygan,Vogel |
R7127 |
T10461 |
T10460 |
nmod |
et,Cygan |
R7128 |
T10462 |
T10460 |
nmod |
al.,Cygan |
R7129 |
T10463 |
T10460 |
nummod |
1997,Cygan |
R7130 |
T10464 |
T10460 |
punct |
;,Cygan |
R7131 |
T10465 |
T10460 |
conj |
Logan,Cygan |
R7132 |
T10466 |
T10465 |
nmod |
et,Logan |
R7133 |
T10467 |
T10465 |
nmod |
al.,Logan |
R7134 |
T10468 |
T10465 |
nummod |
1997,Logan |
R7135 |
T10469 |
T10465 |
punct |
;,Logan |
R7136 |
T10470 |
T10465 |
conj |
Loomis,Logan |
R7137 |
T10471 |
T10470 |
nmod |
et,Loomis |
R7138 |
T10472 |
T10470 |
nmod |
al.,Loomis |
R7139 |
T10473 |
T10470 |
nummod |
1998,Loomis |
R7140 |
T10474 |
T10470 |
punct |
;,Loomis |
R7141 |
T10475 |
T10470 |
conj |
Chen,Loomis |
R7142 |
T10476 |
T10475 |
cc |
and,Chen |
R7143 |
T10477 |
T10475 |
conj |
Johnson,Chen |
R7144 |
T10478 |
T10477 |
nummod |
2002,Johnson |
R7145 |
T10479 |
T10477 |
punct |
),Johnson |
R7146 |
T10480 |
T10417 |
punct |
.,shares |
R7147 |
T10482 |
T10483 |
preconj |
Both,Tbx15 |
R7148 |
T10483 |
T10484 |
nsubj |
Tbx15,act |
R7149 |
T10485 |
T10483 |
cc |
and,Tbx15 |
R7150 |
T10486 |
T10483 |
conj |
Lmx1b,Tbx15 |
R7151 |
T10487 |
T10484 |
advmod |
autonomously,act |
R7152 |
T10488 |
T10484 |
prep |
in,act |
R7153 |
T10489 |
T10490 |
amod |
mesenchymal,cells |
R7154 |
T10490 |
T10488 |
pobj |
cells,in |
R7155 |
T10491 |
T10492 |
aux |
to,promote |
R7156 |
T10492 |
T10484 |
advcl |
promote,act |
R7157 |
T10493 |
T10494 |
det |
a,identity |
R7158 |
T10494 |
T10492 |
dobj |
identity,promote |
R7159 |
T10495 |
T10494 |
amod |
dorsal,identity |
R7160 |
T10496 |
T10484 |
punct |
", ",act |
R7161 |
T10497 |
T10484 |
cc |
yet,act |
R7162 |
T10498 |
T10484 |
conj |
have,act |
R7163 |
T10499 |
T10500 |
compound |
expression,domains |
R7164 |
T10500 |
T10498 |
dobj |
domains,have |
R7165 |
T10501 |
T10502 |
dep |
that,correspond |
R7166 |
T10502 |
T10500 |
relcl |
correspond,domains |
R7167 |
T10503 |
T10502 |
aux |
do,correspond |
R7168 |
T10504 |
T10502 |
neg |
not,correspond |
R7169 |
T10505 |
T10502 |
prep |
to,correspond |
R7170 |
T10506 |
T10507 |
compound |
cell,lineage |
R7171 |
T10507 |
T10508 |
compound |
lineage,compartments |
R7172 |
T10508 |
T10505 |
pobj |
compartments,to |
R7173 |
T10509 |
T10502 |
prep |
in,correspond |
R7174 |
T10510 |
T10511 |
det |
the,flank |
R7175 |
T10511 |
T10509 |
pobj |
flank,in |
R7176 |
T10512 |
T10513 |
punct |
(,Tbx15 |
R7177 |
T10513 |
T10511 |
parataxis |
Tbx15,flank |
R7178 |
T10514 |
T10513 |
punct |
),Tbx15 |
R7179 |
T10515 |
T10511 |
cc |
or,flank |
R7180 |
T10516 |
T10517 |
det |
the,limb |
R7181 |
T10517 |
T10511 |
conj |
limb,flank |
R7182 |
T10518 |
T10519 |
punct |
(,Lmx1b |
R7183 |
T10519 |
T10517 |
parataxis |
Lmx1b,limb |
R7184 |
T10520 |
T10519 |
punct |
),Lmx1b |
R7185 |
T10521 |
T10522 |
punct |
(,Altabef |
R7186 |
T10522 |
T10498 |
meta |
Altabef,have |
R7187 |
T10523 |
T10522 |
nmod |
et,Altabef |
R7188 |
T10524 |
T10522 |
nmod |
al.,Altabef |
R7189 |
T10525 |
T10522 |
nummod |
1997,Altabef |
R7190 |
T10526 |
T10522 |
punct |
;,Altabef |
R7191 |
T10527 |
T10522 |
nmod |
Michaud,Altabef |
R7192 |
T10528 |
T10522 |
nmod |
et,Altabef |
R7193 |
T10529 |
T10522 |
nmod |
al.,Altabef |
R7194 |
T10530 |
T10522 |
nummod |
1997,Altabef |
R7195 |
T10531 |
T10522 |
punct |
),Altabef |
R7196 |
T10532 |
T10484 |
punct |
.,act |
R7197 |
T10534 |
T10535 |
prep |
In,depends |
R7198 |
T10536 |
T10537 |
det |
the,case |
R7199 |
T10537 |
T10534 |
pobj |
case,In |
R7200 |
T10538 |
T10537 |
prep |
of,case |
R7201 |
T10539 |
T10538 |
pobj |
Lmx1b,of |
R7202 |
T10540 |
T10535 |
punct |
", ",depends |
R7203 |
T10541 |
T10542 |
poss |
its,expression |
R7204 |
T10542 |
T10535 |
nsubj |
expression,depends |
R7205 |
T10543 |
T10542 |
prep |
in,expression |
R7206 |
T10544 |
T10545 |
det |
the,limb |
R7207 |
T10545 |
T10543 |
pobj |
limb,in |
R7208 |
T10546 |
T10545 |
amod |
distal,limb |
R7209 |
T10547 |
T10535 |
prep |
on,depends |
R7210 |
T10548 |
T10547 |
pobj |
Wnt7a,on |
R7211 |
T10549 |
T10548 |
acl |
produced,Wnt7a |
R7212 |
T10550 |
T10549 |
prep |
in,produced |
R7213 |
T10551 |
T10552 |
det |
the,ectoderm |
R7214 |
T10552 |
T10550 |
pobj |
ectoderm,in |
R7215 |
T10553 |
T10552 |
amod |
overlying,ectoderm |
R7216 |
T10554 |
T10552 |
amod |
dorsal,ectoderm |
R7217 |
T10555 |
T10556 |
punct |
(,Riddle |
R7218 |
T10556 |
T10535 |
meta |
Riddle,depends |
R7219 |
T10557 |
T10556 |
nmod |
et,Riddle |
R7220 |
T10558 |
T10556 |
nmod |
al.,Riddle |
R7221 |
T10559 |
T10556 |
nummod |
1995,Riddle |
R7222 |
T10560 |
T10556 |
punct |
;,Riddle |
R7223 |
T10561 |
T10556 |
nmod |
Cygan,Riddle |
R7224 |
T10562 |
T10556 |
nmod |
et,Riddle |
R7225 |
T10563 |
T10556 |
nmod |
al.,Riddle |
R7226 |
T10564 |
T10556 |
nummod |
1997,Riddle |
R7227 |
T10565 |
T10556 |
punct |
;,Riddle |
R7228 |
T10566 |
T10556 |
nmod |
Loomis,Riddle |
R7229 |
T10567 |
T10556 |
nmod |
et,Riddle |
R7230 |
T10568 |
T10556 |
nmod |
al.,Riddle |
R7231 |
T10569 |
T10556 |
nummod |
1998,Riddle |
R7232 |
T10570 |
T10556 |
punct |
),Riddle |
R7233 |
T10571 |
T10535 |
punct |
.,depends |
R7234 |
T10573 |
T10574 |
nsubjpass |
Wnt7a,restricted |
R7235 |
T10575 |
T10574 |
punct |
", ",restricted |
R7236 |
T10576 |
T10574 |
prep |
in,restricted |
R7237 |
T10577 |
T10576 |
pobj |
turn,in |
R7238 |
T10578 |
T10574 |
punct |
", ",restricted |
R7239 |
T10579 |
T10574 |
auxpass |
is,restricted |
R7240 |
T10580 |
T10574 |
prep |
to,restricted |
R7241 |
T10581 |
T10582 |
amod |
dorsal,ectoderm |
R7242 |
T10582 |
T10580 |
pobj |
ectoderm,to |
R7243 |
T10583 |
T10574 |
agent |
by,restricted |
R7244 |
T10584 |
T10583 |
pobj |
En1,by |
R7245 |
T10585 |
T10574 |
prep |
in,restricted |
R7246 |
T10586 |
T10587 |
det |
the,ectoderm |
R7247 |
T10587 |
T10585 |
pobj |
ectoderm,in |
R7248 |
T10588 |
T10587 |
amod |
ventral,ectoderm |
R7249 |
T10589 |
T10590 |
punct |
(,Loomis |
R7250 |
T10590 |
T10574 |
meta |
Loomis,restricted |
R7251 |
T10591 |
T10590 |
nmod |
et,Loomis |
R7252 |
T10592 |
T10590 |
nmod |
al.,Loomis |
R7253 |
T10593 |
T10590 |
nummod |
1996,Loomis |
R7254 |
T10594 |
T10590 |
punct |
;,Loomis |
R7255 |
T10595 |
T10590 |
nmod |
Cygan,Loomis |
R7256 |
T10596 |
T10590 |
nmod |
et,Loomis |
R7257 |
T10597 |
T10590 |
nmod |
al.,Loomis |
R7258 |
T10598 |
T10590 |
nummod |
1997,Loomis |
R7259 |
T10599 |
T10590 |
punct |
;,Loomis |
R7260 |
T10600 |
T10590 |
nmod |
Logan,Loomis |
R7261 |
T10601 |
T10590 |
nmod |
et,Loomis |
R7262 |
T10602 |
T10590 |
nmod |
al.,Loomis |
R7263 |
T10603 |
T10590 |
nummod |
1997,Loomis |
R7264 |
T10604 |
T10590 |
punct |
),Loomis |
R7265 |
T10605 |
T10574 |
punct |
", ",restricted |
R7266 |
T10606 |
T10607 |
poss |
whose,expression |
R7267 |
T10607 |
T10608 |
dep |
expression,marks |
R7268 |
T10608 |
T10574 |
ccomp |
marks,restricted |
R7269 |
T10609 |
T10610 |
det |
a,boundary |
R7270 |
T10610 |
T10608 |
dobj |
boundary,marks |
R7271 |
T10611 |
T10610 |
compound |
lineage,boundary |
R7272 |
T10612 |
T10610 |
amod |
coincident,boundary |
R7273 |
T10613 |
T10612 |
prep |
with,coincident |
R7274 |
T10614 |
T10615 |
det |
the,midline |
R7275 |
T10615 |
T10613 |
pobj |
midline,with |
R7276 |
T10616 |
T10615 |
amod |
dorsoventral,midline |
R7277 |
T10617 |
T10615 |
prep |
of,midline |
R7278 |
T10618 |
T10619 |
det |
the,ridge |
R7279 |
T10619 |
T10617 |
pobj |
ridge,of |
R7280 |
T10620 |
T10619 |
amod |
apical,ridge |
R7281 |
T10621 |
T10619 |
amod |
ectodermal,ridge |
R7282 |
T10622 |
T10623 |
punct |
(,Michaud |
R7283 |
T10623 |
T10608 |
meta |
Michaud,marks |
R7284 |
T10624 |
T10623 |
nmod |
Altabef,Michaud |
R7285 |
T10625 |
T10623 |
nmod |
et,Michaud |
R7286 |
T10626 |
T10623 |
nmod |
al.,Michaud |
R7287 |
T10627 |
T10623 |
nummod |
1997,Michaud |
R7288 |
T10628 |
T10623 |
punct |
;,Michaud |
R7289 |
T10629 |
T10623 |
nmod |
et,Michaud |
R7290 |
T10630 |
T10623 |
nmod |
al.,Michaud |
R7291 |
T10631 |
T10623 |
nummod |
1997,Michaud |
R7292 |
T10632 |
T10623 |
punct |
;,Michaud |
R7293 |
T10633 |
T10623 |
nmod |
Kimmel,Michaud |
R7294 |
T10634 |
T10623 |
nmod |
et,Michaud |
R7295 |
T10635 |
T10623 |
nmod |
al.,Michaud |
R7296 |
T10636 |
T10623 |
nummod |
2000,Michaud |
R7297 |
T10637 |
T10623 |
punct |
),Michaud |
R7298 |
T10638 |
T10574 |
punct |
.,restricted |
R7299 |
T10640 |
T10641 |
mark |
As,described |
R7300 |
T10641 |
T10642 |
advcl |
described,reported |
R7301 |
T10643 |
T10641 |
advmod |
above,described |
R7302 |
T10644 |
T10642 |
punct |
", ",reported |
R7303 |
T10645 |
T10646 |
nmod |
En1,mutations |
R7304 |
T10646 |
T10642 |
nsubjpass |
mutations,reported |
R7305 |
T10647 |
T10645 |
cc |
or,En1 |
R7306 |
T10648 |
T10645 |
conj |
Wnt7a,En1 |
R7307 |
T10649 |
T10642 |
aux |
have,reported |
R7308 |
T10650 |
T10642 |
neg |
not,reported |
R7309 |
T10651 |
T10642 |
auxpass |
been,reported |
R7310 |
T10652 |
T10653 |
aux |
to,affect |
R7311 |
T10653 |
T10642 |
xcomp |
affect,reported |
R7312 |
T10654 |
T10653 |
dobj |
patterns,affect |
R7313 |
T10655 |
T10654 |
prep |
of,patterns |
R7314 |
T10656 |
T10657 |
compound |
hair,color |
R7315 |
T10657 |
T10659 |
compound |
color,distribution |
R7316 |
T10658 |
T10657 |
punct |
-,color |
R7317 |
T10659 |
T10655 |
pobj |
distribution,of |
R7318 |
T10660 |
T10661 |
punct |
(,C. |
R7319 |
T10661 |
T10642 |
meta |
C.,reported |
R7320 |
T10662 |
T10661 |
nmod |
Loomis,C. |
R7321 |
T10663 |
T10661 |
punct |
", ",C. |
R7322 |
T10664 |
T10665 |
amod |
personal,communication |
R7323 |
T10665 |
T10661 |
conj |
communication,C. |
R7324 |
T10666 |
T10665 |
punct |
;,communication |
R7325 |
T10667 |
T10665 |
conj |
Parr,communication |
R7326 |
T10668 |
T10667 |
cc |
and,Parr |
R7327 |
T10669 |
T10667 |
conj |
McMahon,Parr |
R7328 |
T10670 |
T10669 |
nummod |
1995,McMahon |
R7329 |
T10671 |
T10669 |
punct |
;,McMahon |
R7330 |
T10672 |
T10669 |
conj |
Loomis,McMahon |
R7331 |
T10673 |
T10672 |
nmod |
et,Loomis |
R7332 |
T10674 |
T10672 |
advmod |
al.,Loomis |
R7333 |
T10675 |
T10672 |
nummod |
1996,Loomis |
R7334 |
T10676 |
T10672 |
punct |
),Loomis |
R7335 |
T10677 |
T10642 |
punct |
.,reported |
R7336 |
T10679 |
T10680 |
advmod |
However,apply |
R7337 |
T10681 |
T10680 |
punct |
", ",apply |
R7338 |
T10682 |
T10683 |
det |
the,theme |
R7339 |
T10683 |
T10680 |
nsubj |
theme,apply |
R7340 |
T10684 |
T10683 |
amod |
essential,theme |
R7341 |
T10685 |
T10686 |
mark |
that,control |
R7342 |
T10686 |
T10683 |
acl |
control,theme |
R7343 |
T10687 |
T10688 |
amod |
ectodermal,compartments |
R7344 |
T10688 |
T10686 |
nsubj |
compartments,control |
R7345 |
T10689 |
T10688 |
compound |
lineage,compartments |
R7346 |
T10690 |
T10691 |
det |
the,fate |
R7347 |
T10691 |
T10686 |
dobj |
fate,control |
R7348 |
T10692 |
T10691 |
prep |
of,fate |
R7349 |
T10693 |
T10694 |
amod |
underlying,mesenchyme |
R7350 |
T10694 |
T10692 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,of |
R7351 |
T10695 |
T10686 |
prep |
in,control |
R7352 |
T10696 |
T10697 |
amod |
developing,limbs |
R7353 |
T10697 |
T10695 |
pobj |
limbs,in |
R7354 |
T10698 |
T10680 |
aux |
may,apply |
R7355 |
T10699 |
T10680 |
prep |
to,apply |
R7356 |
T10700 |
T10701 |
det |
the,trunk |
R7357 |
T10701 |
T10699 |
pobj |
trunk,to |
R7358 |
T10702 |
T10703 |
advmod |
as,as |
R7359 |
T10703 |
T10701 |
cc |
as,trunk |
R7360 |
T10704 |
T10703 |
advmod |
well,as |
R7361 |
T10705 |
T10706 |
det |
the,limb |
R7362 |
T10706 |
T10701 |
conj |
limb,trunk |
R7363 |
T10707 |
T10680 |
punct |
.,apply |
R7364 |
T10709 |
T10710 |
det |
The,glands |
R7365 |
T10710 |
T10712 |
nsubj |
glands,develop |
R7366 |
T10711 |
T10710 |
amod |
mammary,glands |
R7367 |
T10713 |
T10712 |
advmod |
also,develop |
R7368 |
T10714 |
T10712 |
prep |
at,develop |
R7369 |
T10715 |
T10716 |
det |
a,position |
R7370 |
T10716 |
T10714 |
pobj |
position,at |
R7371 |
T10717 |
T10716 |
amod |
stereotyped,position |
R7372 |
T10718 |
T10716 |
amod |
dorsoventral,position |
R7373 |
T10719 |
T10712 |
cc |
and,develop |
R7374 |
T10720 |
T10712 |
conj |
depend,develop |
R7375 |
T10721 |
T10720 |
prep |
on,depend |
R7376 |
T10722 |
T10723 |
amod |
epithelial,mesenchymal |
R7377 |
T10723 |
T10725 |
amod |
mesenchymal,interactions |
R7378 |
T10724 |
T10723 |
punct |
–,mesenchymal |
R7379 |
T10725 |
T10721 |
pobj |
interactions,on |
R7380 |
T10726 |
T10712 |
punct |
.,develop |
R7381 |
T10728 |
T10729 |
advmod |
However,are |
R7382 |
T10730 |
T10729 |
punct |
", ",are |
R7383 |
T10731 |
T10732 |
det |
the,number |
R7384 |
T10732 |
T10729 |
nsubj |
number,are |
R7385 |
T10733 |
T10732 |
cc |
and,number |
R7386 |
T10734 |
T10735 |
amod |
apparent,position |
R7387 |
T10735 |
T10732 |
conj |
position,number |
R7388 |
T10736 |
T10732 |
prep |
of,number |
R7389 |
T10737 |
T10738 |
det |
the,glands |
R7390 |
T10738 |
T10736 |
pobj |
glands,of |
R7391 |
T10739 |
T10738 |
amod |
mammary,glands |
R7392 |
T10740 |
T10729 |
acomp |
normal,are |
R7393 |
T10741 |
T10729 |
prep |
in,are |
R7394 |
T10742 |
T10743 |
compound |
deH,deH |
R7395 |
T10743 |
T10745 |
compound |
deH,animals |
R7396 |
T10744 |
T10743 |
punct |
/,deH |
R7397 |
T10745 |
T10741 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R7398 |
T10746 |
T10729 |
punct |
", ",are |
R7399 |
T10747 |
T10729 |
advcl |
indicating,are |
R7400 |
T10748 |
T10749 |
det |
the,existence |
R7401 |
T10749 |
T10747 |
dobj |
existence,indicating |
R7402 |
T10750 |
T10749 |
prep |
of,existence |
R7403 |
T10751 |
T10752 |
amod |
additional,mechanisms |
R7404 |
T10752 |
T10750 |
pobj |
mechanisms,of |
R7405 |
T10753 |
T10754 |
dep |
that,control |
R7406 |
T10754 |
T10752 |
relcl |
control,mechanisms |
R7407 |
T10755 |
T10756 |
amod |
dorsoventral,patterning |
R7408 |
T10756 |
T10754 |
dobj |
patterning,control |
R7409 |
T10757 |
T10754 |
prep |
in,control |
R7410 |
T10758 |
T10759 |
det |
the,trunk |
R7411 |
T10759 |
T10757 |
pobj |
trunk,in |
R7412 |
T10760 |
T10761 |
advmod |
as,as |
R7413 |
T10761 |
T10757 |
cc |
as,in |
R7414 |
T10762 |
T10761 |
advmod |
well,as |
R7415 |
T10763 |
T10757 |
conj |
in,in |
R7416 |
T10764 |
T10765 |
det |
the,limbs |
R7417 |
T10765 |
T10763 |
pobj |
limbs,in |
R7418 |
T10766 |
T10729 |
punct |
.,are |
R7419 |
T10768 |
T10769 |
det |
These,ideas |
R7420 |
T10769 |
T10770 |
nsubjpass |
ideas,summarized |
R7421 |
T10771 |
T10770 |
auxpass |
are,summarized |
R7422 |
T10772 |
T10770 |
prep |
in,summarized |
R7423 |
T10773 |
T10774 |
det |
the,model |
R7424 |
T10774 |
T10772 |
pobj |
model,in |
R7425 |
T10775 |
T10774 |
acl |
shown,model |
R7426 |
T10776 |
T10775 |
prep |
in,shown |
R7427 |
T10777 |
T10776 |
pobj |
Figure,in |
R7428 |
T10778 |
T10777 |
nummod |
9B,Figure |
R7429 |
T10779 |
T10770 |
punct |
.,summarized |
R7430 |
T10781 |
T10782 |
nsubj |
We,speculate |
R7431 |
T10783 |
T10784 |
mark |
that,promotes |
R7432 |
T10784 |
T10782 |
ccomp |
promotes,speculate |
R7433 |
T10785 |
T10786 |
det |
a,signal |
R7434 |
T10786 |
T10784 |
nsubj |
signal,promotes |
R7435 |
T10787 |
T10786 |
amod |
diffusible,signal |
R7436 |
T10788 |
T10786 |
prep |
from,signal |
R7437 |
T10789 |
T10790 |
amod |
dorsal,ectoderm |
R7438 |
T10790 |
T10788 |
pobj |
ectoderm,from |
R7439 |
T10791 |
T10790 |
compound |
trunk,ectoderm |
R7440 |
T10792 |
T10784 |
punct |
", ",promotes |
R7441 |
T10793 |
T10784 |
prep |
at,promotes |
R7442 |
T10794 |
T10793 |
cc |
or,at |
R7443 |
T10795 |
T10796 |
advmod |
prior,E11.5 |
R7444 |
T10796 |
T10793 |
conj |
E11.5,at |
R7445 |
T10797 |
T10795 |
prep |
to,prior |
R7446 |
T10798 |
T10784 |
punct |
", ",promotes |
R7447 |
T10799 |
T10784 |
dobj |
expression,promotes |
R7448 |
T10800 |
T10799 |
prep |
of,expression |
R7449 |
T10801 |
T10800 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R7450 |
T10802 |
T10799 |
prep |
in,expression |
R7451 |
T10803 |
T10804 |
amod |
dorsal,mesenchyme |
R7452 |
T10804 |
T10802 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R7453 |
T10805 |
T10804 |
compound |
trunk,mesenchyme |
R7454 |
T10806 |
T10799 |
punct |
", ",expression |
R7455 |
T10807 |
T10808 |
dep |
which,establishes |
R7456 |
T10808 |
T10799 |
relcl |
establishes,expression |
R7457 |
T10809 |
T10808 |
advmod |
then,establishes |
R7458 |
T10810 |
T10811 |
amod |
dorsal,identity |
R7459 |
T10811 |
T10808 |
dobj |
identity,establishes |
R7460 |
T10812 |
T10811 |
amod |
positional,identity |
R7461 |
T10813 |
T10811 |
prep |
of,identity |
R7462 |
T10814 |
T10815 |
det |
those,cells |
R7463 |
T10815 |
T10813 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R7464 |
T10816 |
T10817 |
mark |
as,manifested |
R7465 |
T10817 |
T10808 |
advcl |
manifested,establishes |
R7466 |
T10818 |
T10817 |
agent |
by,manifested |
R7467 |
T10819 |
T10818 |
pobj |
differences,by |
R7468 |
T10820 |
T10819 |
prep |
in,differences |
R7469 |
T10821 |
T10822 |
compound |
Agouti,expression |
R7470 |
T10822 |
T10820 |
pobj |
expression,in |
R7471 |
T10823 |
T10822 |
punct |
", ",expression |
R7472 |
T10824 |
T10825 |
compound |
pigment,cell |
R7473 |
T10825 |
T10827 |
compound |
cell,development |
R7474 |
T10826 |
T10825 |
punct |
-,cell |
R7475 |
T10827 |
T10822 |
conj |
development,expression |
R7476 |
T10828 |
T10827 |
punct |
", ",development |
R7477 |
T10829 |
T10827 |
cc |
and,development |
R7478 |
T10830 |
T10831 |
compound |
hair,growth |
R7479 |
T10831 |
T10827 |
conj |
growth,development |
R7480 |
T10832 |
T10782 |
punct |
.,speculate |
R7481 |
T10834 |
T10835 |
mark |
Because,corresponds |
R7482 |
T10835 |
T10842 |
advcl |
corresponds,depict |
R7483 |
T10836 |
T10837 |
det |
the,limit |
R7484 |
T10837 |
T10835 |
nsubj |
limit,corresponds |
R7485 |
T10838 |
T10837 |
amod |
ventral,limit |
R7486 |
T10839 |
T10837 |
prep |
of,limit |
R7487 |
T10840 |
T10841 |
compound |
Tbx15,expression |
R7488 |
T10841 |
T10839 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R7489 |
T10843 |
T10835 |
prep |
to,corresponds |
R7490 |
T10844 |
T10845 |
det |
the,limit |
R7491 |
T10845 |
T10843 |
pobj |
limit,to |
R7492 |
T10846 |
T10845 |
amod |
dorsal,limit |
R7493 |
T10847 |
T10845 |
prep |
of,limit |
R7494 |
T10848 |
T10849 |
compound |
En1,expression |
R7495 |
T10849 |
T10847 |
pobj |
expression,of |
R7496 |
T10850 |
T10835 |
cc |
and,corresponds |
R7497 |
T10851 |
T10852 |
mark |
because,lies |
R7498 |
T10852 |
T10835 |
conj |
lies,corresponds |
R7499 |
T10853 |
T10854 |
det |
the,position |
R7500 |
T10854 |
T10852 |
nsubj |
position,lies |
R7501 |
T10855 |
T10854 |
amod |
normal,position |
R7502 |
T10856 |
T10854 |
prep |
of,position |
R7503 |
T10857 |
T10858 |
det |
the,boundary |
R7504 |
T10858 |
T10856 |
pobj |
boundary,of |
R7505 |
T10859 |
T10858 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R7506 |
T10860 |
T10861 |
advmod |
approximately,in |
R7507 |
T10861 |
T10852 |
prep |
in,lies |
R7508 |
T10862 |
T10861 |
pobj |
register,in |
R7509 |
T10863 |
T10862 |
prep |
with,register |
R7510 |
T10864 |
T10865 |
det |
the,outgrowths |
R7511 |
T10865 |
T10863 |
pobj |
outgrowths,with |
R7512 |
T10866 |
T10867 |
compound |
limb,bud |
R7513 |
T10867 |
T10865 |
compound |
bud,outgrowths |
R7514 |
T10868 |
T10867 |
punct |
-,bud |
R7515 |
T10869 |
T10842 |
punct |
", ",depict |
R7516 |
T10870 |
T10842 |
nsubj |
we,depict |
R7517 |
T10871 |
T10872 |
det |
the,position |
R7518 |
T10872 |
T10842 |
dobj |
position,depict |
R7519 |
T10873 |
T10872 |
prep |
of,position |
R7520 |
T10874 |
T10875 |
det |
a,boundary |
R7521 |
T10875 |
T10873 |
pobj |
boundary,of |
R7522 |
T10876 |
T10875 |
amod |
putative,boundary |
R7523 |
T10877 |
T10875 |
amod |
dorsoventral,boundary |
R7524 |
T10878 |
T10842 |
prep |
in,depict |
R7525 |
T10879 |
T10880 |
compound |
trunk,ectoderm |
R7526 |
T10880 |
T10878 |
pobj |
ectoderm,in |
R7527 |
T10881 |
T10842 |
prep |
as,depict |
R7528 |
T10882 |
T10881 |
amod |
coincident,as |
R7529 |
T10883 |
T10882 |
prep |
with,coincident |
R7530 |
T10884 |
T10885 |
det |
the,boundary |
R7531 |
T10885 |
T10883 |
pobj |
boundary,with |
R7532 |
T10886 |
T10885 |
nmod |
limb,boundary |
R7533 |
T10887 |
T10885 |
amod |
dorsoventral,boundary |
R7534 |
T10888 |
T10842 |
punct |
.,depict |
R7535 |
T10890 |
T10891 |
det |
This,model |
R7536 |
T10891 |
T10892 |
nsubj |
model,is |
R7537 |
T10893 |
T10892 |
acomp |
consistent,is |
R7538 |
T10894 |
T10893 |
prep |
with,consistent |
R7539 |
T10895 |
T10894 |
pobj |
studies,with |
R7540 |
T10896 |
T10895 |
prep |
in,studies |
R7541 |
T10897 |
T10898 |
det |
the,chick |
R7542 |
T10898 |
T10896 |
pobj |
chick,in |
R7543 |
T10899 |
T10898 |
punct |
", ",chick |
R7544 |
T10900 |
T10901 |
advmod |
where,exist |
R7545 |
T10901 |
T10898 |
relcl |
exist,chick |
R7546 |
T10902 |
T10903 |
amod |
distinct,compartments |
R7547 |
T10903 |
T10901 |
nsubj |
compartments,exist |
R7548 |
T10904 |
T10903 |
amod |
dorsal,compartments |
R7549 |
T10905 |
T10904 |
cc |
and,dorsal |
R7550 |
T10906 |
T10904 |
conj |
ventral,dorsal |
R7551 |
T10907 |
T10903 |
compound |
lineage,compartments |
R7552 |
T10908 |
T10901 |
prep |
for,exist |
R7553 |
T10909 |
T10908 |
pobj |
ectoderm,for |
R7554 |
T10910 |
T10901 |
prep |
in,exist |
R7555 |
T10911 |
T10912 |
preconj |
both,limb |
R7556 |
T10912 |
T10910 |
pobj |
limb,in |
R7557 |
T10913 |
T10912 |
det |
the,limb |
R7558 |
T10914 |
T10915 |
punct |
(,Michaud |
R7559 |
T10915 |
T10912 |
meta |
Michaud,limb |
R7560 |
T10916 |
T10915 |
nmod |
Altabef,Michaud |
R7561 |
T10917 |
T10915 |
nmod |
et,Michaud |
R7562 |
T10918 |
T10915 |
nmod |
al.,Michaud |
R7563 |
T10919 |
T10915 |
nummod |
1997,Michaud |
R7564 |
T10920 |
T10915 |
punct |
", ",Michaud |
R7565 |
T10921 |
T10915 |
nummod |
2000,Michaud |
R7566 |
T10922 |
T10915 |
punct |
;,Michaud |
R7567 |
T10923 |
T10915 |
nmod |
et,Michaud |
R7568 |
T10924 |
T10915 |
nmod |
al.,Michaud |
R7569 |
T10925 |
T10915 |
nummod |
1997,Michaud |
R7570 |
T10926 |
T10915 |
punct |
;,Michaud |
R7571 |
T10927 |
T10915 |
nmod |
Kimmel,Michaud |
R7572 |
T10928 |
T10915 |
nmod |
et,Michaud |
R7573 |
T10929 |
T10915 |
nmod |
al.,Michaud |
R7574 |
T10930 |
T10915 |
nummod |
2000,Michaud |
R7575 |
T10931 |
T10915 |
punct |
),Michaud |
R7576 |
T10932 |
T10912 |
cc |
and,limb |
R7577 |
T10933 |
T10934 |
amod |
interlimb,regions |
R7578 |
T10934 |
T10912 |
conj |
regions,limb |
R7579 |
T10935 |
T10936 |
punct |
(,Altabef |
R7580 |
T10936 |
T10934 |
meta |
Altabef,regions |
R7581 |
T10937 |
T10936 |
nmod |
et,Altabef |
R7582 |
T10938 |
T10936 |
nmod |
al.,Altabef |
R7583 |
T10939 |
T10936 |
nummod |
1997,Altabef |
R7584 |
T10940 |
T10936 |
punct |
", ",Altabef |
R7585 |
T10941 |
T10936 |
nummod |
2000,Altabef |
R7586 |
T10942 |
T10936 |
punct |
),Altabef |
R7587 |
T10943 |
T10901 |
punct |
", ",exist |
R7588 |
T10944 |
T10945 |
cc |
but,for |
R7589 |
T10945 |
T10901 |
prep |
for,exist |
R7590 |
T10946 |
T10945 |
neg |
not,for |
R7591 |
T10947 |
T10948 |
compound |
limb,mesoderm |
R7592 |
T10948 |
T10945 |
pobj |
mesoderm,for |
R7593 |
T10949 |
T10950 |
punct |
(,Altabef |
R7594 |
T10950 |
T10948 |
meta |
Altabef,mesoderm |
R7595 |
T10951 |
T10950 |
nmod |
et,Altabef |
R7596 |
T10952 |
T10950 |
nmod |
al.,Altabef |
R7597 |
T10953 |
T10950 |
nummod |
1997,Altabef |
R7598 |
T10954 |
T10950 |
punct |
;,Altabef |
R7599 |
T10955 |
T10950 |
nmod |
Michaud,Altabef |
R7600 |
T10956 |
T10950 |
nmod |
et,Altabef |
R7601 |
T10957 |
T10950 |
nmod |
al.,Altabef |
R7602 |
T10958 |
T10950 |
nummod |
1997,Altabef |
R7603 |
T10959 |
T10950 |
punct |
),Altabef |
R7604 |
T10960 |
T10892 |
punct |
.,is |
R7605 |
T10962 |
T10963 |
prep |
In,act |
R7606 |
T10964 |
T10962 |
pobj |
fact,In |
R7607 |
T10965 |
T10963 |
punct |
", ",act |
R7608 |
T10966 |
T10967 |
det |
the,mechanism |
R7609 |
T10967 |
T10963 |
nsubj |
mechanism,act |
R7610 |
T10968 |
T10967 |
amod |
same,mechanism |
R7611 |
T10969 |
T10970 |
dep |
that,determines |
R7612 |
T10970 |
T10967 |
relcl |
determines,mechanism |
R7613 |
T10971 |
T10972 |
amod |
dorsoventral,position |
R7614 |
T10972 |
T10970 |
dobj |
position,determines |
R7615 |
T10973 |
T10972 |
prep |
of,position |
R7616 |
T10974 |
T10975 |
det |
the,limbs |
R7617 |
T10975 |
T10973 |
pobj |
limbs,of |
R7618 |
T10976 |
T10975 |
cc |
and,limbs |
R7619 |
T10977 |
T10978 |
det |
the,ridge |
R7620 |
T10978 |
T10975 |
conj |
ridge,limbs |
R7621 |
T10979 |
T10978 |
amod |
apical,ridge |
R7622 |
T10980 |
T10978 |
amod |
ectodermal,ridge |
R7623 |
T10981 |
T10963 |
aux |
may,act |
R7624 |
T10982 |
T10963 |
advmod |
also,act |
R7625 |
T10983 |
T10963 |
prep |
on,act |
R7626 |
T10984 |
T10983 |
pobj |
expression,on |
R7627 |
T10985 |
T10984 |
prep |
of,expression |
R7628 |
T10986 |
T10985 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R7629 |
T10987 |
T10963 |
prep |
in,act |
R7630 |
T10988 |
T10989 |
det |
the,trunk |
R7631 |
T10989 |
T10987 |
pobj |
trunk,in |
R7632 |
T10990 |
T10963 |
punct |
", ",act |
R7633 |
T10991 |
T10992 |
mark |
since,develop |
R7634 |
T10992 |
T10963 |
advcl |
develop,act |
R7635 |
T10993 |
T10994 |
amod |
ectopic,limbs |
R7636 |
T10994 |
T10992 |
nsubj |
limbs,develop |
R7637 |
T10995 |
T10994 |
acl |
induced,limbs |
R7638 |
T10996 |
T10995 |
prep |
in,induced |
R7639 |
T10997 |
T10998 |
det |
the,region |
R7640 |
T10998 |
T10996 |
pobj |
region,in |
R7641 |
T10999 |
T10998 |
amod |
interlimb,region |
R7642 |
T11000 |
T10995 |
prep |
by,induced |
R7643 |
T11001 |
T11000 |
pobj |
application,by |
R7644 |
T11002 |
T11001 |
prep |
of,application |
R7645 |
T11003 |
T11004 |
compound |
FGF,beads |
R7646 |
T11004 |
T11002 |
pobj |
beads,of |
R7647 |
T11005 |
T10992 |
prep |
along,develop |
R7648 |
T11006 |
T11007 |
det |
a,line |
R7649 |
T11007 |
T11005 |
pobj |
line,along |
R7650 |
T11008 |
T11007 |
amod |
single,line |
R7651 |
T11009 |
T11010 |
dep |
that,is |
R7652 |
T11010 |
T11007 |
relcl |
is,line |
R7653 |
T11011 |
T11010 |
acomp |
coincident,is |
R7654 |
T11012 |
T11011 |
prep |
with,coincident |
R7655 |
T11013 |
T11014 |
amod |
normal,buds |
R7656 |
T11014 |
T11012 |
pobj |
buds,with |
R7657 |
T11015 |
T11014 |
compound |
limb,buds |
R7658 |
T11016 |
T11014 |
punct |
(,buds |
R7659 |
T11017 |
T11014 |
cc |
and,buds |
R7660 |
T11018 |
T11019 |
det |
the,boundary |
R7661 |
T11019 |
T11014 |
conj |
boundary,buds |
R7662 |
T11020 |
T11019 |
amod |
future,boundary |
R7663 |
T11021 |
T11019 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R7664 |
T11022 |
T10992 |
punct |
),develop |
R7665 |
T11023 |
T11024 |
punct |
(,Cohn |
R7666 |
T11024 |
T10992 |
meta |
Cohn,develop |
R7667 |
T11025 |
T11024 |
nmod |
et,Cohn |
R7668 |
T11026 |
T11024 |
nmod |
al.,Cohn |
R7669 |
T11027 |
T11024 |
nummod |
1995,Cohn |
R7670 |
T11028 |
T11024 |
punct |
;,Cohn |
R7671 |
T11029 |
T11024 |
nmod |
Crossley,Cohn |
R7672 |
T11030 |
T11024 |
nmod |
et,Cohn |
R7673 |
T11031 |
T11024 |
nmod |
al.,Cohn |
R7674 |
T11032 |
T11024 |
nummod |
1996,Cohn |
R7675 |
T11033 |
T11024 |
punct |
;,Cohn |
R7676 |
T11034 |
T11024 |
nmod |
Vogel,Cohn |
R7677 |
T11035 |
T11024 |
nmod |
et,Cohn |
R7678 |
T11036 |
T11024 |
nmod |
al.,Cohn |
R7679 |
T11037 |
T11024 |
nummod |
1996,Cohn |
R7680 |
T11038 |
T11024 |
punct |
;,Cohn |
R7681 |
T11039 |
T11024 |
nmod |
Altabef,Cohn |
R7682 |
T11040 |
T11024 |
nmod |
et,Cohn |
R7683 |
T11041 |
T11024 |
nmod |
al.,Cohn |
R7684 |
T11042 |
T11024 |
nummod |
1997,Cohn |
R7685 |
T11043 |
T11024 |
punct |
", ",Cohn |
R7686 |
T11044 |
T11024 |
nummod |
2000,Cohn |
R7687 |
T11045 |
T11024 |
punct |
),Cohn |
R7688 |
T11046 |
T10963 |
punct |
.,act |
R7689 |
T11048 |
T11049 |
poss |
Our,model |
R7690 |
T11049 |
T11050 |
nsubj |
model,predicts |
R7691 |
T11051 |
T11052 |
mark |
that,give |
R7692 |
T11052 |
T11050 |
ccomp |
give,predicts |
R7693 |
T11053 |
T11054 |
amod |
ectopic,expression |
R7694 |
T11054 |
T11052 |
nsubj |
expression,give |
R7695 |
T11055 |
T11054 |
prep |
of,expression |
R7696 |
T11056 |
T11055 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R7697 |
T11057 |
T11054 |
prep |
in,expression |
R7698 |
T11058 |
T11059 |
amod |
ventral,mesenchyme |
R7699 |
T11059 |
T11057 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R7700 |
T11060 |
T11052 |
aux |
should,give |
R7701 |
T11061 |
T11052 |
dobj |
rise,give |
R7702 |
T11062 |
T11052 |
prep |
to,give |
R7703 |
T11063 |
T11064 |
det |
a,phenotype |
R7704 |
T11064 |
T11062 |
pobj |
phenotype,to |
R7705 |
T11065 |
T11064 |
amod |
dorsalized,phenotype |
R7706 |
T11066 |
T11064 |
compound |
pigmentation,phenotype |
R7707 |
T11067 |
T11052 |
cc |
and,give |
R7708 |
T11068 |
T11069 |
aux |
could,tested |
R7709 |
T11069 |
T11052 |
conj |
tested,give |
R7710 |
T11070 |
T11069 |
auxpass |
be,tested |
R7711 |
T11071 |
T11069 |
prep |
with,tested |
R7712 |
T11072 |
T11073 |
nmod |
gain,approaches |
R7713 |
T11073 |
T11071 |
pobj |
approaches,with |
R7714 |
T11074 |
T11072 |
punct |
-,gain |
R7715 |
T11075 |
T11072 |
prep |
of,gain |
R7716 |
T11076 |
T11075 |
punct |
-,of |
R7717 |
T11077 |
T11075 |
pobj |
function,of |
R7718 |
T11078 |
T11050 |
punct |
.,predicts |
R7719 |
T11080 |
T11081 |
advmod |
However,is |
R7720 |
T11082 |
T11081 |
punct |
", ",is |
R7721 |
T11083 |
T11084 |
compound |
Tbx15,expression |
R7722 |
T11084 |
T11081 |
nsubj |
expression,is |
R7723 |
T11085 |
T11086 |
advmod |
very,dynamic |
R7724 |
T11086 |
T11081 |
acomp |
dynamic,is |
R7725 |
T11087 |
T11081 |
cc |
and,is |
R7726 |
T11088 |
T11089 |
auxpass |
is,restricted |
R7727 |
T11089 |
T11081 |
conj |
restricted,is |
R7728 |
T11090 |
T11089 |
prep |
to,restricted |
R7729 |
T11091 |
T11092 |
amod |
dorsal,mesoderm |
R7730 |
T11092 |
T11090 |
pobj |
mesoderm,to |
R7731 |
T11093 |
T11094 |
advmod |
only,from |
R7732 |
T11094 |
T11089 |
prep |
from,restricted |
R7733 |
T11095 |
T11094 |
pobj |
E11.5,from |
R7734 |
T11096 |
T11094 |
prep |
to,from |
R7735 |
T11097 |
T11096 |
pobj |
E13.5,to |
R7736 |
T11098 |
T11081 |
punct |
.,is |
R7737 |
T11100 |
T11101 |
nsubj |
It,is |
R7738 |
T11101 |
T11102 |
ccomp |
is,require |
R7739 |
T11103 |
T11101 |
acomp |
possible,is |
R7740 |
T11104 |
T11105 |
mark |
that,influences |
R7741 |
T11105 |
T11101 |
ccomp |
influences,is |
R7742 |
T11106 |
T11105 |
nsubj |
Tbx15,influences |
R7743 |
T11107 |
T11108 |
compound |
skin,patterning |
R7744 |
T11108 |
T11105 |
dobj |
patterning,influences |
R7745 |
T11109 |
T11105 |
prep |
in,influences |
R7746 |
T11110 |
T11111 |
det |
a,window |
R7747 |
T11111 |
T11109 |
pobj |
window,in |
R7748 |
T11112 |
T11113 |
advmod |
very,narrow |
R7749 |
T11113 |
T11111 |
amod |
narrow,window |
R7750 |
T11114 |
T11111 |
prep |
of,window |
R7751 |
T11115 |
T11114 |
pobj |
development,of |
R7752 |
T11116 |
T11102 |
punct |
;,require |
R7753 |
T11117 |
T11102 |
advmod |
alternatively,require |
R7754 |
T11118 |
T11102 |
punct |
", ",require |
R7755 |
T11119 |
T11102 |
nsubj |
establishment,require |
R7756 |
T11120 |
T11119 |
prep |
of,establishment |
R7757 |
T11121 |
T11122 |
amod |
dorsal,identity |
R7758 |
T11122 |
T11120 |
pobj |
identity,of |
R7759 |
T11123 |
T11119 |
prep |
by,establishment |
R7760 |
T11124 |
T11123 |
pobj |
Tbx15,by |
R7761 |
T11125 |
T11102 |
aux |
may,require |
R7762 |
T11126 |
T11127 |
det |
another,factor |
R7763 |
T11127 |
T11102 |
dobj |
factor,require |
R7764 |
T11128 |
T11129 |
advmod |
as,yet |
R7765 |
T11129 |
T11131 |
advmod |
yet,unidentified |
R7766 |
T11130 |
T11129 |
punct |
-,yet |
R7767 |
T11131 |
T11127 |
amod |
unidentified,factor |
R7768 |
T11132 |
T11131 |
punct |
-,unidentified |
R7769 |
T11133 |
T11134 |
dep |
that,is |
R7770 |
T11134 |
T11127 |
relcl |
is,factor |
R7771 |
T11135 |
T11134 |
advmod |
only,is |
R7772 |
T11136 |
T11134 |
acomp |
present,is |
R7773 |
T11137 |
T11134 |
prep |
in,is |
R7774 |
T11138 |
T11139 |
det |
the,mesenchyme |
R7775 |
T11139 |
T11137 |
pobj |
mesenchyme,in |
R7776 |
T11140 |
T11139 |
acl |
underlying,mesenchyme |
R7777 |
T11141 |
T11142 |
amod |
dorsal,ectoderm |
R7778 |
T11142 |
T11140 |
dobj |
ectoderm,underlying |
R7779 |
T11143 |
T11102 |
punct |
.,require |
R7780 |
T11305 |
T11306 |
compound |
Pigmentation,Patterns |
R7781 |
T11307 |
T11306 |
cc |
and,Patterns |
R7782 |
T11308 |
T11306 |
conj |
Tbx15,Patterns |
R7783 |
T11309 |
T11306 |
prep |
in,Patterns |
R7784 |
T11310 |
T11311 |
amod |
Other,Mammals |
R7785 |
T11311 |
T11309 |
pobj |
Mammals,in |
R7786 |
T11313 |
T11314 |
det |
The,frontier |
R7787 |
T11314 |
T11317 |
nsubjpass |
frontier,established |
R7788 |
T11315 |
T11314 |
amod |
lateral,frontier |
R7789 |
T11316 |
T11314 |
amod |
somitic,frontier |
R7790 |
T11318 |
T11314 |
punct |
", ",frontier |
R7791 |
T11319 |
T11314 |
acl |
defined,frontier |
R7792 |
T11320 |
T11319 |
prep |
as,defined |
R7793 |
T11321 |
T11322 |
det |
the,boundary |
R7794 |
T11322 |
T11320 |
pobj |
boundary,as |
R7795 |
T11323 |
T11322 |
compound |
lineage,boundary |
R7796 |
T11324 |
T11322 |
prep |
between,boundary |
R7797 |
T11325 |
T11326 |
npadvmod |
somite,derived |
R7798 |
T11326 |
T11328 |
amod |
derived,mesoderm |
R7799 |
T11327 |
T11326 |
punct |
-,derived |
R7800 |
T11328 |
T11324 |
pobj |
mesoderm,between |
R7801 |
T11329 |
T11326 |
cc |
versus,derived |
R7802 |
T11330 |
T11331 |
amod |
lateral,plate |
R7803 |
T11331 |
T11332 |
npadvmod |
plate,derived |
R7804 |
T11332 |
T11326 |
conj |
derived,derived |
R7805 |
T11333 |
T11332 |
punct |
-,derived |
R7806 |
T11334 |
T11317 |
punct |
", ",established |
R7807 |
T11335 |
T11317 |
auxpass |
is,established |
R7808 |
T11336 |
T11317 |
prep |
during,established |
R7809 |
T11337 |
T11336 |
pobj |
somitogenesis,during |
R7810 |
T11338 |
T11339 |
advmod |
early,in |
R7811 |
T11339 |
T11317 |
prep |
in,established |
R7812 |
T11340 |
T11339 |
pobj |
development,in |
R7813 |
T11341 |
T11342 |
punct |
(,Mauger |
R7814 |
T11342 |
T11317 |
meta |
Mauger,established |
R7815 |
T11343 |
T11342 |
nummod |
1972,Mauger |
R7816 |
T11344 |
T11342 |
punct |
;,Mauger |
R7817 |
T11345 |
T11342 |
nmod |
Christ,Mauger |
R7818 |
T11346 |
T11342 |
nmod |
et,Mauger |
R7819 |
T11347 |
T11342 |
nmod |
al.,Mauger |
R7820 |
T11348 |
T11342 |
nummod |
1983,Mauger |
R7821 |
T11349 |
T11342 |
punct |
;,Mauger |
R7822 |
T11350 |
T11342 |
nmod |
Olivera,Mauger |
R7823 |
T11351 |
T11342 |
punct |
-,Mauger |
R7824 |
T11352 |
T11342 |
nmod |
Martinez,Mauger |
R7825 |
T11353 |
T11342 |
nmod |
et,Mauger |
R7826 |
T11354 |
T11342 |
nmod |
al.,Mauger |
R7827 |
T11355 |
T11342 |
nummod |
2000,Mauger |
R7828 |
T11356 |
T11342 |
punct |
;,Mauger |
R7829 |
T11357 |
T11342 |
nmod |
Nowicki,Mauger |
R7830 |
T11358 |
T11342 |
nmod |
et,Mauger |
R7831 |
T11359 |
T11342 |
nmod |
al.,Mauger |
R7832 |
T11360 |
T11342 |
nummod |
2003,Mauger |
R7833 |
T11361 |
T11342 |
punct |
),Mauger |
R7834 |
T11362 |
T11317 |
punct |
", ",established |
R7835 |
T11363 |
T11317 |
cc |
but,established |
R7836 |
T11364 |
T11317 |
conj |
remains,established |
R7837 |
T11365 |
T11364 |
oprd |
distinct,remains |
R7838 |
T11366 |
T11364 |
prep |
in,remains |
R7839 |
T11367 |
T11368 |
amod |
postnatal,animals |
R7840 |
T11368 |
T11366 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R7841 |
T11369 |
T11364 |
prep |
despite,remains |
R7842 |
T11370 |
T11371 |
det |
the,potential |
R7843 |
T11371 |
T11369 |
pobj |
potential,despite |
R7844 |
T11372 |
T11371 |
prep |
for,potential |
R7845 |
T11373 |
T11374 |
amod |
extensive,mixing |
R7846 |
T11374 |
T11372 |
pobj |
mixing,for |
R7847 |
T11375 |
T11374 |
compound |
cell,mixing |
R7848 |
T11376 |
T11377 |
punct |
(,see |
R7849 |
T11377 |
T11364 |
parataxis |
see,remains |
R7850 |
T11378 |
T11377 |
dobj |
Figure,see |
R7851 |
T11379 |
T11378 |
nummod |
8,Figure |
R7852 |
T11380 |
T11377 |
punct |
),see |
R7853 |
T11381 |
T11317 |
punct |
.,established |
R7854 |
T11383 |
T11384 |
advmod |
However,demonstrate |
R7855 |
T11385 |
T11384 |
punct |
", ",demonstrate |
R7856 |
T11386 |
T11387 |
poss |
our,studies |
R7857 |
T11387 |
T11384 |
nsubj |
studies,demonstrate |
R7858 |
T11388 |
T11387 |
nmod |
transplantation,studies |
R7859 |
T11389 |
T11388 |
cc |
and,transplantation |
R7860 |
T11390 |
T11388 |
conj |
fate,transplantation |
R7861 |
T11391 |
T11390 |
punct |
-,fate |
R7862 |
T11392 |
T11390 |
amod |
mapping,fate |
R7863 |
T11393 |
T11394 |
mark |
that,lies |
R7864 |
T11394 |
T11384 |
ccomp |
lies,demonstrate |
R7865 |
T11395 |
T11396 |
det |
the,frontier |
R7866 |
T11396 |
T11394 |
nsubj |
frontier,lies |
R7867 |
T11397 |
T11396 |
amod |
lateral,frontier |
R7868 |
T11398 |
T11396 |
amod |
somitic,frontier |
R7869 |
T11399 |
T11394 |
advmod |
dorsal,lies |
R7870 |
T11400 |
T11399 |
prep |
to,dorsal |
R7871 |
T11401 |
T11402 |
det |
the,boundary |
R7872 |
T11402 |
T11400 |
pobj |
boundary,to |
R7873 |
T11403 |
T11402 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R7874 |
T11404 |
T11394 |
cc |
and,lies |
R7875 |
T11405 |
T11406 |
aux |
does,correlate |
R7876 |
T11406 |
T11394 |
conj |
correlate,lies |
R7877 |
T11407 |
T11406 |
neg |
not,correlate |
R7878 |
T11408 |
T11406 |
advmod |
obviously,correlate |
R7879 |
T11409 |
T11406 |
prep |
with,correlate |
R7880 |
T11410 |
T11411 |
det |
a,difference |
R7881 |
T11411 |
T11409 |
pobj |
difference,with |
R7882 |
T11412 |
T11411 |
prep |
in,difference |
R7883 |
T11413 |
T11414 |
compound |
skin,morphology |
R7884 |
T11414 |
T11412 |
pobj |
morphology,in |
R7885 |
T11415 |
T11384 |
punct |
.,demonstrate |
R7886 |
T11417 |
T11418 |
det |
An,domain |
R7887 |
T11418 |
T11421 |
nsubj |
domain,emerged |
R7888 |
T11419 |
T11418 |
amod |
additional,domain |
R7889 |
T11420 |
T11418 |
amod |
dorsoventral,domain |
R7890 |
T11422 |
T11423 |
dep |
that,is |
R7891 |
T11423 |
T11418 |
relcl |
is,domain |
R7892 |
T11424 |
T11423 |
neg |
not,is |
R7893 |
T11425 |
T11426 |
advmod |
externally,apparent |
R7894 |
T11426 |
T11423 |
acomp |
apparent,is |
R7895 |
T11427 |
T11421 |
aux |
has,emerged |
R7896 |
T11428 |
T11421 |
prep |
from,emerged |
R7897 |
T11429 |
T11428 |
pobj |
studies,from |
R7898 |
T11430 |
T11429 |
prep |
of,studies |
R7899 |
T11431 |
T11430 |
pobj |
Msx1,of |
R7900 |
T11432 |
T11431 |
punct |
", ",Msx1 |
R7901 |
T11433 |
T11434 |
poss |
whose,expression |
R7902 |
T11434 |
T11435 |
dep |
expression,marks |
R7903 |
T11435 |
T11431 |
relcl |
marks,Msx1 |
R7904 |
T11436 |
T11437 |
det |
a,subgroup |
R7905 |
T11437 |
T11435 |
dobj |
subgroup,marks |
R7906 |
T11438 |
T11437 |
prep |
of,subgroup |
R7907 |
T11439 |
T11440 |
npadvmod |
somite,derived |
R7908 |
T11440 |
T11442 |
amod |
derived,cells |
R7909 |
T11441 |
T11440 |
punct |
-,derived |
R7910 |
T11442 |
T11438 |
pobj |
cells,of |
R7911 |
T11443 |
T11442 |
amod |
mesenchymal,cells |
R7912 |
T11444 |
T11445 |
dep |
that,contribute |
R7913 |
T11445 |
T11437 |
relcl |
contribute,subgroup |
R7914 |
T11446 |
T11445 |
prep |
to,contribute |
R7915 |
T11447 |
T11446 |
pobj |
dermis,to |
R7916 |
T11448 |
T11445 |
prep |
in,contribute |
R7917 |
T11449 |
T11450 |
det |
a,stripe |
R7918 |
T11450 |
T11448 |
pobj |
stripe,in |
R7919 |
T11451 |
T11450 |
amod |
narrow,stripe |
R7920 |
T11452 |
T11450 |
prep |
along,stripe |
R7921 |
T11453 |
T11454 |
det |
the,region |
R7922 |
T11454 |
T11452 |
pobj |
region,along |
R7923 |
T11455 |
T11454 |
amod |
paraspinal,region |
R7924 |
T11456 |
T11457 |
punct |
(,Houzelstein |
R7925 |
T11457 |
T11421 |
meta |
Houzelstein,emerged |
R7926 |
T11458 |
T11457 |
nmod |
et,Houzelstein |
R7927 |
T11459 |
T11457 |
nmod |
al.,Houzelstein |
R7928 |
T11460 |
T11457 |
nummod |
2000,Houzelstein |
R7929 |
T11461 |
T11457 |
punct |
),Houzelstein |
R7930 |
T11462 |
T11421 |
punct |
.,emerged |
R7931 |
T11464 |
T11465 |
advmod |
Thus,exist |
R7932 |
T11466 |
T11465 |
punct |
", ",exist |
R7933 |
T11467 |
T11465 |
expl |
there,exist |
R7934 |
T11468 |
T11469 |
advmod |
at,three |
R7935 |
T11469 |
T11471 |
nummod |
three,boundaries |
R7936 |
T11470 |
T11469 |
advmod |
least,three |
R7937 |
T11471 |
T11465 |
dobj |
boundaries,exist |
R7938 |
T11472 |
T11471 |
amod |
distinct,boundaries |
R7939 |
T11473 |
T11471 |
prep |
in,boundaries |
R7940 |
T11474 |
T11475 |
amod |
postnatal,skin |
R7941 |
T11475 |
T11473 |
pobj |
skin,in |
R7942 |
T11476 |
T11475 |
amod |
mammalian,skin |
R7943 |
T11477 |
T11478 |
dep |
that,are |
R7944 |
T11478 |
T11471 |
relcl |
are,boundaries |
R7945 |
T11479 |
T11478 |
acomp |
parallel,are |
R7946 |
T11480 |
T11479 |
prep |
to,parallel |
R7947 |
T11481 |
T11482 |
det |
the,plane |
R7948 |
T11482 |
T11480 |
pobj |
plane,to |
R7949 |
T11483 |
T11482 |
amod |
sagittal,plane |
R7950 |
T11484 |
T11471 |
punct |
", ",boundaries |
R7951 |
T11485 |
T11471 |
acl |
marked,boundaries |
R7952 |
T11486 |
T11485 |
agent |
by,marked |
R7953 |
T11487 |
T11486 |
pobj |
differences,by |
R7954 |
T11488 |
T11487 |
prep |
in,differences |
R7955 |
T11489 |
T11490 |
compound |
pigment,type |
R7956 |
T11490 |
T11492 |
compound |
type,synthesis |
R7957 |
T11491 |
T11490 |
punct |
-,type |
R7958 |
T11492 |
T11488 |
pobj |
synthesis,in |
R7959 |
T11493 |
T11487 |
punct |
", ",differences |
R7960 |
T11494 |
T11487 |
conj |
differences,differences |
R7961 |
T11495 |
T11494 |
prep |
in,differences |
R7962 |
T11496 |
T11497 |
compound |
cell,lineage |
R7963 |
T11497 |
T11495 |
pobj |
lineage,in |
R7964 |
T11498 |
T11494 |
punct |
", ",differences |
R7965 |
T11499 |
T11494 |
cc |
and,differences |
R7966 |
T11500 |
T11494 |
conj |
differences,differences |
R7967 |
T11501 |
T11500 |
prep |
in,differences |
R7968 |
T11502 |
T11501 |
pobj |
expression,in |
R7969 |
T11503 |
T11502 |
prep |
of,expression |
R7970 |
T11504 |
T11503 |
pobj |
Msx1,of |
R7971 |
T11505 |
T11465 |
punct |
.,exist |
R7972 |
T11507 |
T11508 |
prep |
In,is |
R7973 |
T11509 |
T11507 |
pobj |
rodents,In |
R7974 |
T11510 |
T11508 |
punct |
", ",is |
R7975 |
T11511 |
T11512 |
advmod |
only,boundary |
R7976 |
T11512 |
T11508 |
nsubj |
boundary,is |
R7977 |
T11513 |
T11512 |
det |
the,boundary |
R7978 |
T11514 |
T11512 |
compound |
pigmentation,boundary |
R7979 |
T11515 |
T11508 |
acomp |
evident,is |
R7980 |
T11516 |
T11508 |
advmod |
externally,is |
R7981 |
T11517 |
T11508 |
punct |
", ",is |
R7982 |
T11518 |
T11508 |
cc |
but,is |
R7983 |
T11519 |
T11520 |
amod |
many,mammals |
R7984 |
T11520 |
T11521 |
nsubj |
mammals,have |
R7985 |
T11521 |
T11508 |
conj |
have,is |
R7986 |
T11522 |
T11523 |
advmod |
more,complicated |
R7987 |
T11523 |
T11524 |
amod |
complicated,patterns |
R7988 |
T11524 |
T11521 |
dobj |
patterns,have |
R7989 |
T11525 |
T11524 |
prep |
of,patterns |
R7990 |
T11526 |
T11527 |
compound |
hair,type |
R7991 |
T11527 |
T11525 |
pobj |
type,of |
R7992 |
T11528 |
T11527 |
punct |
", ",type |
R7993 |
T11529 |
T11527 |
conj |
length,type |
R7994 |
T11530 |
T11529 |
punct |
", ",length |
R7995 |
T11531 |
T11529 |
cc |
and,length |
R7996 |
T11532 |
T11531 |
punct |
/,and |
R7997 |
T11533 |
T11531 |
cc |
or,and |
R7998 |
T11534 |
T11529 |
conj |
color,length |
R7999 |
T11535 |
T11536 |
dep |
that,vary |
R8000 |
T11536 |
T11524 |
relcl |
vary,patterns |
R8001 |
T11537 |
T11536 |
prep |
along,vary |
R8002 |
T11538 |
T11539 |
det |
the,axis |
R8003 |
T11539 |
T11537 |
pobj |
axis,along |
R8004 |
T11540 |
T11539 |
amod |
dorsoventral,axis |
R8005 |
T11541 |
T11521 |
punct |
.,have |
R8006 |
T11543 |
T11544 |
nsubj |
Raccoons,exhibit |
R8007 |
T11545 |
T11543 |
punct |
", ",Raccoons |
R8008 |
T11546 |
T11543 |
conj |
squirrels,Raccoons |
R8009 |
T11547 |
T11546 |
punct |
", ",squirrels |
R8010 |
T11548 |
T11546 |
conj |
skunks,squirrels |
R8011 |
T11549 |
T11548 |
punct |
", ",skunks |
R8012 |
T11550 |
T11548 |
cc |
and,skunks |
R8013 |
T11551 |
T11552 |
amod |
many,ungulates |
R8014 |
T11552 |
T11548 |
conj |
ungulates,skunks |
R8015 |
T11553 |
T11552 |
amod |
different,ungulates |
R8016 |
T11554 |
T11555 |
amod |
lateral,stripes |
R8017 |
T11555 |
T11544 |
dobj |
stripes,exhibit |
R8018 |
T11556 |
T11557 |
poss |
whose,origins |
R8019 |
T11557 |
T11559 |
dep |
origins,investigated |
R8020 |
T11558 |
T11557 |
amod |
developmental,origins |
R8021 |
T11559 |
T11555 |
relcl |
investigated,stripes |
R8022 |
T11560 |
T11559 |
aux |
have,investigated |
R8023 |
T11561 |
T11559 |
neg |
not,investigated |
R8024 |
T11562 |
T11559 |
auxpass |
been,investigated |
R8025 |
T11563 |
T11559 |
punct |
", ",investigated |
R8026 |
T11564 |
T11559 |
cc |
but,investigated |
R8027 |
T11565 |
T11566 |
aux |
may,correspond |
R8028 |
T11566 |
T11559 |
conj |
correspond,investigated |
R8029 |
T11567 |
T11566 |
prep |
to,correspond |
R8030 |
T11568 |
T11569 |
det |
the,frontier |
R8031 |
T11569 |
T11567 |
pobj |
frontier,to |
R8032 |
T11570 |
T11569 |
amod |
lateral,frontier |
R8033 |
T11571 |
T11569 |
amod |
somitic,frontier |
R8034 |
T11572 |
T11569 |
punct |
", ",frontier |
R8035 |
T11573 |
T11574 |
det |
the,compartment |
R8036 |
T11574 |
T11569 |
conj |
compartment,frontier |
R8037 |
T11575 |
T11574 |
amod |
paraspinal,compartment |
R8038 |
T11576 |
T11574 |
compound |
Msx1,compartment |
R8039 |
T11577 |
T11574 |
punct |
", ",compartment |
R8040 |
T11578 |
T11574 |
cc |
or,compartment |
R8041 |
T11579 |
T11580 |
det |
an,interaction |
R8042 |
T11580 |
T11574 |
conj |
interaction,compartment |
R8043 |
T11581 |
T11580 |
prep |
between,interaction |
R8044 |
T11582 |
T11583 |
det |
these,domains |
R8045 |
T11583 |
T11581 |
pobj |
domains,between |
R8046 |
T11584 |
T11544 |
punct |
.,exhibit |
R8047 |
T11586 |
T11587 |
det |
The,effect |
R8048 |
T11587 |
T11588 |
nsubj |
effect,is |
R8049 |
T11589 |
T11587 |
prep |
of,effect |
R8050 |
T11590 |
T11589 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R8051 |
T11591 |
T11587 |
prep |
on,effect |
R8052 |
T11592 |
T11591 |
pobj |
pigmentation,on |
R8053 |
T11593 |
T11587 |
prep |
in,effect |
R8054 |
T11594 |
T11595 |
compound |
laboratory,mice |
R8055 |
T11595 |
T11593 |
pobj |
mice,in |
R8056 |
T11596 |
T11588 |
acomp |
reminiscent,is |
R8057 |
T11597 |
T11596 |
prep |
of,reminiscent |
R8058 |
T11598 |
T11599 |
compound |
coat,color |
R8059 |
T11599 |
T11601 |
compound |
color,patterns |
R8060 |
T11600 |
T11599 |
punct |
-,color |
R8061 |
T11601 |
T11597 |
pobj |
patterns,of |
R8062 |
T11602 |
T11601 |
prep |
in,patterns |
R8063 |
T11603 |
T11604 |
preconj |
both,selected |
R8064 |
T11604 |
T11605 |
amod |
selected,populations |
R8065 |
T11605 |
T11602 |
pobj |
populations,in |
R8066 |
T11606 |
T11604 |
cc |
and,selected |
R8067 |
T11607 |
T11604 |
conj |
natural,selected |
R8068 |
T11608 |
T11605 |
prep |
of,populations |
R8069 |
T11609 |
T11610 |
amod |
other,mammals |
R8070 |
T11610 |
T11608 |
pobj |
mammals,of |
R8071 |
T11611 |
T11588 |
punct |
.,is |
R8072 |
T11613 |
T11614 |
compound |
Saddle,markings |
R8073 |
T11614 |
T11615 |
nsubj |
markings,are |
R8074 |
T11616 |
T11615 |
acomp |
common,are |
R8075 |
T11617 |
T11615 |
prep |
in,are |
R8076 |
T11618 |
T11619 |
det |
some,breeds |
R8077 |
T11619 |
T11617 |
pobj |
breeds,in |
R8078 |
T11620 |
T11619 |
compound |
dog,breeds |
R8079 |
T11621 |
T11619 |
punct |
", ",breeds |
R8080 |
T11622 |
T11623 |
amod |
such,as |
R8081 |
T11623 |
T11619 |
prep |
as,breeds |
R8082 |
T11624 |
T11625 |
compound |
German,shepherds |
R8083 |
T11625 |
T11623 |
pobj |
shepherds,as |
R8084 |
T11626 |
T11617 |
punct |
", ",in |
R8085 |
T11627 |
T11617 |
cc |
and,in |
R8086 |
T11628 |
T11617 |
conj |
in,in |
R8087 |
T11629 |
T11630 |
amod |
certain,populations |
R8088 |
T11630 |
T11628 |
pobj |
populations,in |
R8089 |
T11631 |
T11630 |
prep |
of,populations |
R8090 |
T11632 |
T11633 |
compound |
Peromyscus,polionotus |
R8091 |
T11633 |
T11631 |
pobj |
polionotus,of |
R8092 |
T11634 |
T11630 |
punct |
", ",populations |
R8093 |
T11635 |
T11636 |
prep |
in,provides |
R8094 |
T11636 |
T11630 |
relcl |
provides,populations |
R8095 |
T11637 |
T11635 |
pobj |
which,in |
R8096 |
T11638 |
T11639 |
det |
a,extension |
R8097 |
T11639 |
T11636 |
nsubj |
extension,provides |
R8098 |
T11640 |
T11639 |
amod |
dorsal,extension |
R8099 |
T11641 |
T11639 |
prep |
of,extension |
R8100 |
T11642 |
T11643 |
amod |
ventral,depigmentation |
R8101 |
T11643 |
T11641 |
pobj |
depigmentation,of |
R8102 |
T11644 |
T11645 |
det |
an,advantage |
R8103 |
T11645 |
T11636 |
dobj |
advantage,provides |
R8104 |
T11646 |
T11645 |
amod |
adaptive,advantage |
R8105 |
T11647 |
T11636 |
dative |
to,provides |
R8106 |
T11648 |
T11647 |
pobj |
subspecies,to |
R8107 |
T11649 |
T11650 |
dep |
that,live |
R8108 |
T11650 |
T11648 |
relcl |
live,subspecies |
R8109 |
T11651 |
T11650 |
prep |
on,live |
R8110 |
T11652 |
T11653 |
amod |
white,reefs |
R8111 |
T11653 |
T11651 |
pobj |
reefs,on |
R8112 |
T11654 |
T11653 |
compound |
sand,reefs |
R8113 |
T11655 |
T11656 |
punct |
(,Blair |
R8114 |
T11656 |
T11615 |
meta |
Blair,are |
R8115 |
T11657 |
T11656 |
nummod |
1951,Blair |
R8116 |
T11658 |
T11656 |
punct |
;,Blair |
R8117 |
T11659 |
T11656 |
conj |
Kaufman,Blair |
R8118 |
T11660 |
T11659 |
nummod |
1974,Kaufman |
R8119 |
T11661 |
T11659 |
punct |
;,Kaufman |
R8120 |
T11662 |
T11659 |
conj |
Belk,Kaufman |
R8121 |
T11663 |
T11662 |
cc |
and,Belk |
R8122 |
T11664 |
T11662 |
conj |
Smith,Belk |
R8123 |
T11665 |
T11664 |
nummod |
1996,Smith |
R8124 |
T11666 |
T11664 |
punct |
),Smith |
R8125 |
T11667 |
T11615 |
punct |
.,are |
R8126 |
T11669 |
T11670 |
preconj |
Neither,shepherds |
R8127 |
T11670 |
T11672 |
nsubj |
shepherds,have |
R8128 |
T11671 |
T11670 |
compound |
German,shepherds |
R8129 |
T11673 |
T11670 |
cc |
nor,shepherds |
R8130 |
T11674 |
T11675 |
compound |
deer,mice |
R8131 |
T11675 |
T11670 |
conj |
mice,shepherds |
R8132 |
T11676 |
T11677 |
amod |
craniofacial,characteristics |
R8133 |
T11677 |
T11672 |
dobj |
characteristics,have |
R8134 |
T11678 |
T11677 |
amod |
similar,characteristics |
R8135 |
T11679 |
T11678 |
prep |
to,similar |
R8136 |
T11680 |
T11681 |
det |
the,mutation |
R8137 |
T11681 |
T11679 |
pobj |
mutation,to |
R8138 |
T11682 |
T11681 |
compound |
deH,mutation |
R8139 |
T11683 |
T11672 |
punct |
", ",have |
R8140 |
T11684 |
T11672 |
cc |
but,have |
R8141 |
T11685 |
T11686 |
det |
the,patterns |
R8142 |
T11686 |
T11688 |
nsubj |
patterns,represent |
R8143 |
T11687 |
T11686 |
compound |
pigmentation,patterns |
R8144 |
T11688 |
T11672 |
conj |
represent,have |
R8145 |
T11689 |
T11686 |
prep |
in,patterns |
R8146 |
T11690 |
T11691 |
det |
these,animals |
R8147 |
T11691 |
T11689 |
pobj |
animals,in |
R8148 |
T11692 |
T11688 |
aux |
could,represent |
R8149 |
T11693 |
T11688 |
dobj |
alterations,represent |
R8150 |
T11694 |
T11693 |
prep |
in,alterations |
R8151 |
T11695 |
T11696 |
det |
the,regulation |
R8152 |
T11696 |
T11694 |
pobj |
regulation,in |
R8153 |
T11697 |
T11696 |
cc |
or,regulation |
R8154 |
T11698 |
T11696 |
conj |
action,regulation |
R8155 |
T11699 |
T11696 |
prep |
of,regulation |
R8156 |
T11700 |
T11701 |
compound |
Tbx15,activity |
R8157 |
T11701 |
T11699 |
pobj |
activity,of |
R8158 |
T11702 |
T11688 |
punct |
.,represent |
R8159 |
T11704 |
T11705 |
prep |
From,are |
R8160 |
T11706 |
T11707 |
det |
the,perspective |
R8161 |
T11707 |
T11704 |
pobj |
perspective,From |
R8162 |
T11708 |
T11707 |
amod |
opposite,perspective |
R8163 |
T11709 |
T11705 |
punct |
", ",are |
R8164 |
T11710 |
T11711 |
det |
the,effects |
R8165 |
T11711 |
T11705 |
nsubj |
effects,are |
R8166 |
T11712 |
T11711 |
prep |
of,effects |
R8167 |
T11713 |
T11712 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R8168 |
T11714 |
T11711 |
prep |
on,effects |
R8169 |
T11715 |
T11716 |
compound |
coat,color |
R8170 |
T11716 |
T11714 |
pobj |
color,on |
R8171 |
T11717 |
T11705 |
advmod |
only,are |
R8172 |
T11718 |
T11705 |
acomp |
apparent,are |
R8173 |
T11719 |
T11705 |
prep |
in,are |
R8174 |
T11720 |
T11721 |
amod |
certain,backgrounds |
R8175 |
T11721 |
T11719 |
pobj |
backgrounds,in |
R8176 |
T11722 |
T11721 |
amod |
genetic,backgrounds |
R8177 |
T11723 |
T11705 |
cc |
and,are |
R8178 |
T11724 |
T11725 |
aux |
may,be |
R8179 |
T11725 |
T11705 |
conj |
be,are |
R8180 |
T11726 |
T11725 |
neg |
not,be |
R8181 |
T11727 |
T11725 |
acomp |
evident,be |
R8182 |
T11728 |
T11729 |
advmod |
at,all |
R8183 |
T11729 |
T11725 |
advmod |
all,be |
R8184 |
T11730 |
T11725 |
prep |
in,be |
R8185 |
T11731 |
T11730 |
pobj |
mammals,in |
R8186 |
T11732 |
T11733 |
dep |
that,lack |
R8187 |
T11733 |
T11731 |
relcl |
lack,mammals |
R8188 |
T11734 |
T11735 |
amod |
dorsoventral,patterns |
R8189 |
T11735 |
T11733 |
dobj |
patterns,lack |
R8190 |
T11736 |
T11735 |
compound |
pigmentation,patterns |
R8191 |
T11737 |
T11705 |
punct |
.,are |
R8192 |
T11739 |
T11740 |
csubj |
Studying,provide |
R8193 |
T11741 |
T11742 |
det |
the,sequence |
R8194 |
T11742 |
T11739 |
dobj |
sequence,Studying |
R8195 |
T11743 |
T11742 |
cc |
and,sequence |
R8196 |
T11744 |
T11742 |
conj |
expression,sequence |
R8197 |
T11745 |
T11742 |
prep |
of,sequence |
R8198 |
T11746 |
T11745 |
pobj |
Tbx15,of |
R8199 |
T11747 |
T11739 |
prep |
in,Studying |
R8200 |
T11748 |
T11749 |
amod |
other,vertebrates |
R8201 |
T11749 |
T11747 |
pobj |
vertebrates,in |
R8202 |
T11750 |
T11740 |
aux |
may,provide |
R8203 |
T11751 |
T11752 |
amod |
additional,insight |
R8204 |
T11752 |
T11740 |
dobj |
insight,provide |
R8205 |
T11753 |
T11752 |
prep |
into,insight |
R8206 |
T11754 |
T11753 |
pobj |
patterns,into |
R8207 |
T11755 |
T11756 |
dep |
that,affect |
R8208 |
T11756 |
T11754 |
relcl |
affect,patterns |
R8209 |
T11757 |
T11758 |
det |
the,skeleton |
R8210 |
T11758 |
T11756 |
dobj |
skeleton,affect |
R8211 |
T11759 |
T11760 |
advmod |
as,as |
R8212 |
T11760 |
T11758 |
cc |
as,skeleton |
R8213 |
T11761 |
T11760 |
advmod |
well,as |
R8214 |
T11762 |
T11763 |
det |
the,system |
R8215 |
T11763 |
T11758 |
conj |
system,skeleton |
R8216 |
T11764 |
T11763 |
amod |
pigmentary,system |
R8217 |
T11765 |
T11740 |
punct |
.,provide |
R5959 |
T8677 |
T8675 |
ccomp |
been,suggest |