PMC:3023298 / 39486-40416 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"21258649-9219694-83669887","span":{"begin":156,"end":159},"obj":"9219694"},{"id":"21258649-9219694-83669887","span":{"begin":156,"end":159},"obj":"9219694"},{"id":"21258649-10766872-83669888","span":{"begin":183,"end":186},"obj":"10766872"},{"id":"21258649-10766872-83669888","span":{"begin":183,"end":186},"obj":"10766872"},{"id":"T52227","span":{"begin":156,"end":159},"obj":"9219694"},{"id":"T64045","span":{"begin":156,"end":159},"obj":"9219694"},{"id":"T62852","span":{"begin":183,"end":186},"obj":"10766872"},{"id":"T65985","span":{"begin":183,"end":186},"obj":"10766872"},{"id":"T19994","span":{"begin":156,"end":159},"obj":"9219694"},{"id":"T19921","span":{"begin":156,"end":159},"obj":"9219694"},{"id":"T51632","span":{"begin":183,"end":186},"obj":"10766872"},{"id":"T74076","span":{"begin":183,"end":186},"obj":"10766872"}],"text":"Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria (Figure 1) can occur through mechanisms that involve the formation of membrane channels comprised of Bax or Bak1 [135] and Bax and the VDAC [136]. In the Bax/Bak1 channel model (Figure 1, left), after specific cell death inducing stimuli Bax undergoes a conformation shift and translocates to the OMM where it inserts. Bak1 is a similar pro-apoptotic protein localized mostly to the OMM. Bax/Bak1 monomers physically interact to form oligomeric or heteromeric channels that are permeable to cytochrome c. The formation of these channels is blocked by Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at multiple sites. BH3-only members (Bad, Bid, Noxa, Puma) are pro-apoptotic and can modulate the conformation of Bax/Bak1 to sensitize this channel, possibly by exposing its membrane insertion domain. The MAC could be a channel similar to the Bax/Bak1 channel, but it might also have additional components such as VDAC."}