PMC:2972690 / 21385-25241 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"21060805-12571121-30997985","span":{"begin":2429,"end":2433},"obj":"12571121"}],"text":"Task\n\nTemporal order of stimulus presentation\nEach trial (see Figure 1) started with a central fixation dot surrounded by two square outlines (each subtending 3.8° visual angle) on the left and right side of the fixation dot (distance 12.4°). After the fixation display a central visual instruction cue was presented (for 600 ms) followed by a variable cue-target interval of 4.5–6 s, terminated by a peripheral antisaccade target (a white asterisk subtending 2°, displayed for 500 ms). The antisaccade target was presented for 500 ms pseudorandomly in the center of the left or the right square outline. The target indicated that participants should make an immediate eye movement to the opposite side of the screen. Their response was immediately followed by presentation of a feedback image (presented for 500 ms).\nFigure 1 Temporal order of stimuli in the antisaccade task. In reward anticipation trials the instruction cue was a gold circle; in no reward trials the instruction cue was a silver circle. In specific spatial preparation trials, an arrow was displayed, indicating where the subsequent antisaccade target would appear; in neutral non-specific preparation trials, a bar was presented. The length of the preparation interval between the instruction cue and the antisaccade target was varied between 4.5 and 6 s. Immediately after the antisaccade a golden coin was displayed when a reward had been won; a silver circle was presented after a correct response on a non-reward trial, and after an incorrect or slow response a silver ring was displayed.\n\nFeedback: reward, no reward, and error\nThe feedback image indicated to participants whether the response was correct or whether the trial was rewarded. On rewarded trials, the reward was symbolically represented as an image of a golden Euro coin. On non-rewarded trials, a silver blank disk of the same size, shape, and luminance was displayed. After an incorrect or too slow response a silver ring with a black circle in the middle was presented. Colors of rewarded, non-rewarded, and error feedback were calibrated to equal luminance using Colorfacts 7 and the color calibration system EyeOneMonitor2. Participants were informed that they would receive a monetary reward on golden reward trials in which they performed fast and correctly but not on the silver non-reward trials. In line with some other investigations using monetary reward (Ramnani and Miall, 2003) the exact amount of gain was not displayed in the feedback to avoid mental calculation.\n\nInstruction cues: reward prospect and spatial preparation\nTo investigate the effect of reward anticipation and specific preparation on antisaccade performance, we presented instruction cues before the appearance of the peripheral antisaccade target. In a 2 × 2 factorial design the instruction cues independently manipulated the level of reward expectation (two levels: reward and no reward expected) and the level of response preparation (two levels: specific preparation or non-specific preparation of the antisaccade response), by means of color and shape.\nThe level of reward expectation was manipulated by the color of the instruction cue: In reward trials the instruction cue was a gold circle; in no-reward trials the instruction cue was a silver circle. The colors of the reward and the no-reward cue were calibrated to equal luminance using Colorfacts 7 and EyeOneMonitor.\nThe level of response preparation was manipulated by the content of the instruction cue: in specific preparation trials, an arrow was displayed in the center of the circle, indicating where the subsequent target would appear; in the neutral non-specific preparation trials, a bar replaced the arrow. The arrow enabled subjects to prepare for the appearance of the peripheral antisaccade cue, while a bar would give no information on target location.\n"}

{"project":"MyTest","denotations":[{"id":"21060805-12571121-30997985","span":{"begin":2429,"end":2433},"obj":"12571121"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/testbase"},{"prefix":"UniProtKB","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"},{"prefix":"uniprot","uri":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/"}],"text":"Task\n\nTemporal order of stimulus presentation\nEach trial (see Figure 1) started with a central fixation dot surrounded by two square outlines (each subtending 3.8° visual angle) on the left and right side of the fixation dot (distance 12.4°). After the fixation display a central visual instruction cue was presented (for 600 ms) followed by a variable cue-target interval of 4.5–6 s, terminated by a peripheral antisaccade target (a white asterisk subtending 2°, displayed for 500 ms). The antisaccade target was presented for 500 ms pseudorandomly in the center of the left or the right square outline. The target indicated that participants should make an immediate eye movement to the opposite side of the screen. Their response was immediately followed by presentation of a feedback image (presented for 500 ms).\nFigure 1 Temporal order of stimuli in the antisaccade task. In reward anticipation trials the instruction cue was a gold circle; in no reward trials the instruction cue was a silver circle. In specific spatial preparation trials, an arrow was displayed, indicating where the subsequent antisaccade target would appear; in neutral non-specific preparation trials, a bar was presented. The length of the preparation interval between the instruction cue and the antisaccade target was varied between 4.5 and 6 s. Immediately after the antisaccade a golden coin was displayed when a reward had been won; a silver circle was presented after a correct response on a non-reward trial, and after an incorrect or slow response a silver ring was displayed.\n\nFeedback: reward, no reward, and error\nThe feedback image indicated to participants whether the response was correct or whether the trial was rewarded. On rewarded trials, the reward was symbolically represented as an image of a golden Euro coin. On non-rewarded trials, a silver blank disk of the same size, shape, and luminance was displayed. After an incorrect or too slow response a silver ring with a black circle in the middle was presented. Colors of rewarded, non-rewarded, and error feedback were calibrated to equal luminance using Colorfacts 7 and the color calibration system EyeOneMonitor2. Participants were informed that they would receive a monetary reward on golden reward trials in which they performed fast and correctly but not on the silver non-reward trials. In line with some other investigations using monetary reward (Ramnani and Miall, 2003) the exact amount of gain was not displayed in the feedback to avoid mental calculation.\n\nInstruction cues: reward prospect and spatial preparation\nTo investigate the effect of reward anticipation and specific preparation on antisaccade performance, we presented instruction cues before the appearance of the peripheral antisaccade target. In a 2 × 2 factorial design the instruction cues independently manipulated the level of reward expectation (two levels: reward and no reward expected) and the level of response preparation (two levels: specific preparation or non-specific preparation of the antisaccade response), by means of color and shape.\nThe level of reward expectation was manipulated by the color of the instruction cue: In reward trials the instruction cue was a gold circle; in no-reward trials the instruction cue was a silver circle. The colors of the reward and the no-reward cue were calibrated to equal luminance using Colorfacts 7 and EyeOneMonitor.\nThe level of response preparation was manipulated by the content of the instruction cue: in specific preparation trials, an arrow was displayed in the center of the circle, indicating where the subsequent target would appear; in the neutral non-specific preparation trials, a bar replaced the arrow. The arrow enabled subjects to prepare for the appearance of the peripheral antisaccade cue, while a bar would give no information on target location.\n"}